Muitiro wemitemo inheyo yehurumende inomiririra hurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu, kushandura zvinodiwa nevanhu kuva mutemo unosunga. Kunyange zvazvo kazhinji zvichionekwa sechirongwa chiri kure, chinoitwa sechigadziko chinenge chavharwa, zvisarudzo zvinoitwa neiyi nzira zvinoumba zvakananga chipfeko chenzanga dzomunzvimbomo (kubva kusimba kwemhepo nemvura kusvika kukuvapo kwedzimba dzinodhura uye kutsigira chikoro chehurumende. Kunzwisisa kuti mutemo unova sei dzidzo yedzidzo; kunopa vagari vemo simba rokuita zvinobudirira nehurumende yavo uye kuvatsigira. Nyaya inoongorora chikamu chimwe nechimwe chegadziriro yemitemo yemitemo yemitemo yomutemo mudenga, uye inoongorora kuwanikwa nevanhu vomunharaunda, asi ichipa nhungamiro pamatsigirirwo anogona kuva nechinhu chine zvachiito chinokosha.

Chii Chiri Gadziriro Yomutemo?

Gadziriro yomutemo inhevedzano yakarongwa kupfurikidza nayo nhevedzano yamatanho umo mutemo unokarakadzwa unozivikanwa semutemo(*is, wakagadziridzwa, uye zvimwe wakamiswa kana kuti zvimwe wakarambwa. Nepo mitemo yakananga nemiitiro zvichisiana pakati penyika uye kunyange pakati pemwero yakasiana- siyana yehurumende mukati menyika imwe cheteyo, mwero yemitezo yakafanana zvikuru. Pamwero wehurumende muUnited States, muitiro unorondedzerwa neBumbiro reMitemo uye wakabatanidzwa mumitemo yeImba yaVamiririri naDare. Mumitemo yehurumende, mabhishopu yeguta, uye mabhishopu eruwa, miitiro yakafanana inoshanda, kazhinji kazhinji namapepa enguva shomanene.

Muitiro wacho wakarongedzerwa kuva nechokwadi chokuti mutemo wakanyatsorongwa, unokakavadzana, uye unonatswa usati wava mutemo.Unogovera mapfundo akawanda okupinda nokuda kweziviso yavose uye unogadzira cheki nechiyero pakati pamapazu akasiyana - siyana nemakamuri ehurumende. Kunzwisisa idzi nhano kunobetsera kujeka kuti pfungwa yakapfava inogona sei kuva murairo unotapura mamirioni avanhu.

Misimboti Yegadziriro Yomutemo Muudzame

Kubudirira kwemutengo unotsamira pakufambisa chikamu chimwe nechimwe pasina chishoro chinouraya kana kuti matanda okushandisa.

Kutanga Kuziva Bhiziro

Rwendo rwemitemo runotanga apo mutezo wedare remitemo(a mumiriri, senator, kana kuti mutezo wedare . $scretal inogona kuvamba kubva kumanyuko akawanda: chikumbiro chechikumbiro, boka redzvinyiriro, sangano rehurumende rinozivisa chinodikanwa chehurumende, kana kuti gadziriro yomutemo. Kana yangotangwa, rugwaro rwacho runogoverwa nhamba yakasiyana nezita, uye runopinzwa muchinyorwa chapamutemo. Mumitengo mizhinji, munofanira kutsigirwa neanenge ari mumwe muteveri wemitemo, uye pane dzimwe nguva vamiririri vemitemo vanowedzerwa kusimbisa. Chikuva chacho chinengewo chava apo rugwaro rwakazara runenge ruchiwanika pachena, ruchibvumira vagari vemo namapoka kuti vatange kuongorora migumisiro yarwo.

Kuongorora kweDare

Pashure pesumo, dare rinonongedzerwa kudare rimire rine chiremera chakati pamusoro penhau yacho. Somuenzaniso, chibvumirano chemari yechikoro chaizoenda kuDare reDzidzo; dare remitengo yemvura kuDare reMbariro. Matare ndeapo basa gurusa remitemo rinoitika. Anochengeta kunzwa uko nyanzvi, vakuru vakuru vakuru vesangano, uye mitezo yavanhu vanogona kupupurira. Dare ringazoitisa “mapepa” rusando, mukati mokuna mativi ose etsika nokuvhotera kuchenesa bhiri. Matare anogonawo kusarudza kuuraya mutongo kupfurikidza nokusaita basa racho rinozivikanwa se“ geonho.” Kana bedzi madare akavhotera akasa pamutemo akasaidzira kurusa rugwaro rwedare racho.

3. Kukakavadzana NePendeko

Kana mutengo wangoshumwa bedzi mudare, unoiswa pakarenda yemitemo nokuda kwekurukurirano nekamuri rakazara. Mitemo inodzora uriri inosiana zvikuru. MuImba yaVamiririri yeU.S., gakava rinoganhurirwa zvikuru nomutemo wakagadzwa neDare reMitemo. MuDare, gakava harina kuganhurirwa, rinobvumira hurukuro dzamabhii dzakagadzirirwa kunonotsa kana kuti kuvhara vhoti. Panzvimbo yedare, vagadziri vemitemo vangakarakadza kugadziridza miromo inogona kuchinja donzo rayo munzira dzinokosha, pane dzimwe nguva dzinochinja chose chose chose chinangwa charo (kunyange “mazano akadaro anomutsa nharo"). Gakava rinobvumira kutaura kuti rive rapachena zvikuru uye rinogona kuita kuti rive mukana mukuru wokufunga nezvavose.

4. Kuruma

Pashure pokunge kurukurirano yapera, mutengo unoiswa kuvhota. Rudzi rwevoruzhinji runodikanwa runotsamira padare remitemo norudzi rwemutengi. Mutemo wavose zvikurusa unopfuura nevoruzhinji vakapfava (inopfuura hafu yaavo varipo navanovhota). Zvimwe zvikwereti, zvakadai sedzoreso dzebumbiro remitemo kana kuti mipimo yebhajeti, zvingada kukura zvikuru (g., matatu maviri). Kana muromo wacho ukakundikana, unoguma. Kana uchienda kune imwe kamuri remitemo (mugadziriro yebhiyameral), apo ichasumwa uye kupfuunzwa kupfurikidza nomuitiro wakafanana.

5. Dare Revamwe Vavambi Nedare Romusangano

Mudare remitemo rebhimeral rakadai seBhunga reMitemo reUnited States kana kuti dare rehurumende zhinjisa, mutemo unofanira kutenderwa muchimiro chakafanana namakamuri ose ari maviri. Kana kamuri rechipiri rikapfuvura mutongo pasina kugadziriswa, rinoenda zvakananga kumukuru mukuru. Kana imba yechipiri ikachinja, pamutemo unodzokera kunzvimbo yokutanga yeConvenmentrence. Kana makamu maviri asingagoni kubvumirana, dare remusangano (jereta) rinoumbwa nenhengo dzemitezo yemativi ose ari maviri. Mushumo unovapo wacho unofanira kutenderwa nedzimba mbiri isati yatumirwa kumukuru mukuru. Chikamu ichi kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji chinobudisa shanduro yokupedzisira, yokupedzisira yedare.

6. Kutenderwa Nevakuru

Kana makamuri ose ari maviri angopfuura shanduro imwe cheteyo yebhiri racho, rinopiwa kumukuru wehurumende ($preant, gavhuna, kana kuti meya, zvichitsamira pamwero wehurumende. Mutungamiriri anogona kuita chimwe chezviito zvinoverengeka:

  • [ Chiratidzo chemuromo [ mumutemo nokukurumidza.
  • [ Mutengo [, uchidzosera kudare remitemo nokuramba. Chigaro chemitemo chingadaro kusava nounhu [, zvikurukuru nevhoti mbiri ne 3 muimba imwe neimwe.
  • Tsaona mutero kuva mutemo pasina siginicha (pocket vento) kana mukuru mukuru asina kuita chiito mukati menhambo yakatarwa apo chirongwa chinenge chichiri murusando.
  • Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, mukuru mukuru ane layini-imbet veto chiremera chokurova gadziriro dzakati dzemitengo yekurukurirano pasina kuramba mwero wose.

Kana mutongo wacho ukava mutemo, unogoverwa nhamba yomurairo wavose ndokubatanidzwa mumabhuku omutemo akafanira. Kutonga kwakakwana, asi simba romurairo rokupedzisira richangotanga.

Kubatsira Kunoita Kupa Mitemo Munzanga Dzomunharaunda

Mitemo yaipiwa chero pahurumende ipi zvayo — nharaunda dzinoita kuti upenyu hwezuva nezuva hwevagari vemo huve hwekongiri.Nzvimbo dzinotevera dzinoratidza kuti mitemo inochinja sei nzanga dzomunharaunda.

Dzidzo Nekufambira Mberi Kwemari

Mutemo weFederal wakadai seInfrablicational Investicement and Jobs Act unogovera mabhirioni amadhora nokuda kwemigwagwa, mabhiriji, kufambiswa kwavose, masangano emvura, uye masangano akafara panzvimbo yomunzvimbomo. Kukura kwemugwagwa mumwe kana kuti chirongwa chitsva chetsvina yetsvina yetsvina zvinogona kuchinja kubatana kwenharaunda, mipimo yepfuma, uye mikana yebhizimisi. Mitemo yehurumende yokubudirira mune zvemari ingapa zvikarakadzo zvemitero kukwezva vashandirwi, nemitemo yomunzvimbomo inoyera pamutemo inosarudza uko kugona kuitika. Zvisarudzo zvemitemo zvemitemo zvemitemo zvinogona kupesvedzera basa rebhizimisi, kukura kuvakwa, kuwanikwa kwenzanga, uye kubudirira kwose kwenzanga.

Kuwana Utano Hwavose Nezvoutano

Mitemo inotema kudzorwa kwepurogiramu dzakadai seMedicaid neChildren’s Health Inshuwarence Program (CHIP), iyo inopa kufukidzwa kumamirioni emhuri dzinowana mari shoma. Mitemo yehurumende inodzorawo misika yeinishuwarenzi, inoda kubhadharwa nokuda kwemibato yakananga (g., parapatimendi yendangariro yezvoutano), uye inobvumira nhanho dzoutano dzavanhu dzakadai senhimbe dzekudzivirira kana kuti kutsinhanhanha. Pamwero yomunzvimbomo, miraurongwa yedhipatimendi yezvo youtano nemigove inotapura kuwanika kwekiriniki, kunzverwa kwezvitoro, uye kugadzirirwa kwechato. Nokuda kwenzanga inotsamira pachipatara chimwe, chipatara chedariro yedare rehurumende yehurumende yezvinodikanwa zvehurumende zvinogona kusarudza kana chipatara kuti chipatara chirambe chiripo kana kuti chipatara chivere kana chipatara chisati chazarungwe.

Dzidzo Nezvikoro

Miitiro yemari yechikoro inowanzonyorwa mumutemo wehurumende, kuparira misiyano mizhinji pakati pamaruwa akapfuma nearombo. Mitemo yeFrederal yakadai seMudzidzi ari wose Wekupinda mumugariro wekuzvidavirira nezvinodikanwa kuedza. Mabhodhi ezvikoro zvomunzvimbomo, zvisikwa zvomutemo wehurumende, zvinoita zvisarudzo pamusoro pezvidzidzo, kurovha mudzidzisi, uye kuvharwa kwezvikoro mumitemo yenzvimbo yakakwirira. Kuchinja muzvinodikanwa zvomudzidzisi, kukumbira kodzero, kana kuti kukanganwira kwavadzidzi kunogona kutapura zvakananga kunaka kwedzidzo mumakirasi omunzvimbomo.

Kushandiswa Kwemhoteredzo Nenyika

Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act, yose iri mitemo yehurumende, inogadza mipimo miduku yemhoteredzo iyo hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinofanira kusangana nayo. Hurumende inopa mitemo pamirayiro inomutsidzirwa yesimba, kushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya utachiona, uye kutarisirwa kwetsvina. Mapuranga okuronga nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa negadziriro dzehurumende kushandisa mutemo wehurumende kudzora kushandiswa kwenyika, kugadza zviteshiso, uye kudzivirira madhaka kana kuti maruwa enhau. nzanga iri pedyo nefekitari kana kuti nzvimbo inokarakadzwa ine danda rakananga mumuitiro womutemo unoisa miganhu kana kuti zvinodikanwa.

Kuchengeteka Kworuzhinji Neruramisiro Yeutsotsi

Kutonga kunorondedzera mhosva, kugadza zvirango, uye kugovera mari nokuda kwemapurisa, matare, uye majeri. Pamwero wehurumende, kupiwa mvumo, kugadziridzwa kwebheyili, uye kupiwa pamutemo kwemirimo yakati zvinova nemigumisiro mikuru yomunzvimbomo. Mitemo yomunzvimbomo inodzora kunyunyuta kweruzha, nguva dzinodzorwa, uye zvinhu zvinonetsa. Mutemo wePhotera wokuchinja zvinhu (w) wakadai sezvinodikanwa zvekamera, kushandisa kushuma kwesimba, kana kuti mabhodhi anotarisira akazvimirira (jeri) inotapura nenzira yakananga kuti mutemo unobatanidzisei vagari vomunharaunda. Kushandiswa kwenzira dzinoshandiswa kuisa miuyo yenzanga kubatira nguva dzose kugona kuderedza zviwi zvejeriso zvehurumende uye kuvandudza miuyo yeko yokuchengeteko yavose.

Ndiani Anoita Kuti Kururamisira Kuvepo?

Kunzwisisa muitiro wemitemo kunorevawo kuziva boka guru ravatambi vanoupesvedzera, kazhinji kazhinji bhiri racho risati ratosvika pauriri.Idzi dzinosanganisira:

  • vakuru vakuru vakaregeredzwa netsvimbo yavo, avo vanoronga uye vanofudza zvikwereti.
  • [ Varidzi vemari vanomirira masangano, masangano okutengesa, mibatanidzwa, kana kuti masangano asingapi mari, anogovera mashoko nokunyora.
  • Masangano anoshanda anoshandisa mitemo uye kazhinji kazhinji anokarakadza chinjo dzemiitiro.
  • Mapoka echiAdvocacy namasangano ouswa anounganidza tsigiro yavose kana kuti chishoro.
  • [ Media misuo inoumba nzwisiso yavanhu ndokugadza purogiramu.
  • [ Vagari vemo vemo [[FLT: 1] avo vakanyora tsamba, vanopinda mirau, kana kuti nhimbe dzokuronga.

Mutemo unobudirira zvikurusa unowanzobva mumubatanidzwa wezvisakiso zvenyanzvi, kurukurirano yezvamatongerwe enyika, uye kuvimbisana kwapachokwadi.

Nzira Iyo Vagari Vayo Vanogona Kuita Nayo Zvinobudirira

Kunyatsoitawo chimwe chinhu pakuvhota makore maviri kana mana oga oga.

Kuonana Nevakuru - vakuru Vakarongwa

Itsamba yakanyorwa zvakanaka, runhare, kana kuti musangano wemunhu anogadza mitemo kana kuti vashandi vavo zvinogona kuita musiano mukuru. Apo kuonana navakuru vakuru, kunobetsera kuva akananga pamusoro penhamba yezvikwereti, tsanangura kuti yaizotapura sei iwe kana kuti nzanga yako, uye kubvunza chimiro chakajeka. Nhau dzomunhu oga dzine uremu chaihwoihwo (/a anopa mutezo womwoyo wose pamusoro petapuro yomuitiro dzinogona kuchinja murangariro womuiti wemitemo.

Kupupurira Pakutonga Kwevanhu Vose

Uchapupu hwokugadzirira hunoratidza zviri mumashoko mashoma, hwechokwadi, uye hwakananga pazvakanakira nzvimbo yacho hunogona kuva chishandiso chine simba.Mumatare akawanda ehurumende uye mumatare eguta, uchapupu hwepachena hunongopiwa mumaminitsi mashomanana, saka hunobhadhara kushandisa uye kuunza makopi akanyorwa nokuda kwechinyorwa chacho.

Kutora Rutivi muHoro Dzomuguta Nenzvimbo Dzokutanda

Kupinda zviitiko izvi uye kubvunza mibvunzo inoda kuziva zvinogona kuita kuti vanhu vazive nezvenyaya uye vatungamiriri vanodzvinyirira kuti vataure zvinonetsa nzanga.

Kukumbanira Kana Kuti Kuumba Mapoka Okudzora

Manzwi mamwe namamwe akasimba zvikuru apo akabatanidzwa. Kukumbanira ganhuro romunzvimbomo resangano rorudzi − rakadai seChinzwano chaMagore, Sierra Club, kana kuti songaniro yomubereki nevadzidzisi / zvinogovera zvinhu, tsinhirano, uye simba reboka. Nokuda kwenhau dzine mimireza yakaganhurirwa iripo, vagari vemo vanogona kuumba mibatanidzwa yavo vamene, vachishandisa zvinobudisa nhau, mikumbiro, uye zvinobudisa nhau zvomunzvimbomo kuvaka fambiro mberi.

Kurumbidza Muzvisarudzo Zvose

Kusarudza muitiro wokuzvidavirira kwokupedzisira. Nepo sarudzo yapurezidhendi ichikweva ngwariro hurusa, sarudzo dzemitemo nedzomunzvimbomo kazhinji kazhinji dzine tapuro yakananga zvikuru panhau dzenzanga. Mapoka ezvikoro, sarudzo dzemakurukota eguta, uye mavhota anoyera dare rinoyera pamutemo zvinosarudza mitemo pamusoro pemitero yezvinhu, zvikoro, uye kushandiswa kwenyika yomunzvimbomo. Voter inovhara muiyi nguva yegore negore uye sarudzo dzomunzvimbomo dzinova dzinova dzakaderera zvikuru, kureva kuti nhamba duku yavagari vemo vakapikirwa inogona kuva nepesvedzero huru.

mhedziso

Muitiro wemitemo hausi muitiro uri kure; mutoo uyo kupfurikidza nawo mipimo yenzanga, zvinodikanwa, uye zvokutanga unoumbwa kuva mitemo inodzora upenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kuvambira parudzi rwemvura yokunwa kusvikira kukotsekano yemigwagwa, kuvambira pakutsigira mari yamaraibhurari omunzvimbomo kusvikira kumiraudzo yenhambo pfupi, rutivi rwuri rwose rwomutemo runotakura nhau yomunzvimbomo. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa mwero yenzira iyo muromo unova nayo mutemo uye kuziva mabanza mazhinji okupinzwa kwapachena, vanhu vamwe navamwe vanogona kubva mukushanda vatsigiriki vanoshanda. Kupinda mumuitiro wemitemo hakusi bedzi kururamisiro yenguva pfupi asi mutoro unoramba iri imwe yenzira dzinobudirira zvikurusa kuumba nayo nguva yemberi yenzvimbo yaunofona musha.

Kuravazve: USA.gov – nzira iyo Mitemo Inoitwa nayo inogovera rondedzero pfupi yemuitiro womubatanidzwa. Konreg.Gov resisc remitemo [ inopa tsananguro nemugariro wemitengo inosesa. Kuvimbisa kwomunzvimbomo kunofukidzwa ne [[FT:5] Gumo reHurumende yeGenetics.[FLT]]