Table of Contents

Gavhuna vanobatira savakuru vakuru vehurumende dzavo, vanoshandisa chiremera chikuru chinoumba zvakananga nzvimbo yapamutemo noupenyu hwezuva nezuva zvamamirioni eAmerica. MuUnited States, gavhuna anobatira samukuru mukuru mukuru namukuru mukuru wehurumende makumi mashanu uye mundima shanu dzinogarwa zechigarire, achishanda somusoro wehurumende uye mukuru wehurumende. Kunzwisisa ukuru hwemasimba ehurumende, kubatana nemamwe mapazu ehurumende, uye tapuro dzawo pakuchengetwa kwomutemo negadziriro yeruramisiro zvinokosha kuti munhu upi noupi atsvake kunzwisisa kuti kutonga kwehurumende kunoshanda sei chaizvoizvo.

Nepo purezidhendi achiwanzodzora misoro mikuru yenhau yenyika, vaAmerica vazhinjisa vanonangidzira ngwariro paufundisi pavanofunga pamusoro pechiremera chavakuru vakuru, asi pamwero wenyika, vatongi vanogona kukurumidza kukunda uye kutarisana nemipinyi mishomanene yesangano.

Fandesheni yeBumbiro reMitemo Yechiremera Chokutonga

Mitezo inyika dzinotonga nakaviri dzinogoverana uchangamire nehurumende yeUnited States, uye ine chiverengero chakati chamasimba namaruramiro pasi peUnited States Constitution, zvakadai sokudzora kutengeserana kwenyika, kuita sarudzo, kuparira hurumende dzomunzvimbomo, uye kuvandudza pamutemo. Mukati meiyi gadziriro, vatongi vane nzvimbo yechienzi savakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende dzavo dzakasiana.

Mitoro yagavhuna inosiana munyika nehurumende, sezvo bumbiro remitemo rinoraira simba ragavhuna. Uku kuchinja kunoreva kuti nepo magavhuna ose achigoverana mabasa akati, ukuru norudzi rwechiremera chawo zvinogona kusiana zvikuru zvichitsamira pagadziriro yebumbiro remitemo nemitemo yehurumende yavo.

Zvinodiwa Nezvinofanira Kuitwa Muhofisi

Chinodikanwa chidukusa chezera nokuda kwamagavhuna chinovambira pagadziriro yakarongwa kusvikira kuzera ramakore 35, chinodikanwa chougari hweUnited States nokuda kwavada kumira mberi nokuda kwegadziriro yegadziriro kusvikira kumakore 20, uye zvinodikanwa zvokugara zvamarudzi zvinovambira pagadziriro yakarongwa kusvikira kumakore manomwe. izvi zvinodikanwa zvakasiyana - siyana zvinoratidzira mutoo wechienzi wehurumende imwe neimwe wokusarudza kuti ndiani anokwaniriswa kubatira savakuru vayo vakuru.

Vatongi vose veUnited States vanobatira mashoko amakore mana kunze kweayo ari muNew Hampshire naVermont, avo vanobatira mashoko ane makore maviri. Masangano mazhinjisa anoisawo ganhuriro dzeshoko, kunyange zvazvo zvinenge zvataurwa zvakasiyana zvikuru. Muhurumende dzose, gavhuna akasarudzwa zvakananga, uye muzvinoitika zvizhinjisa ane masimba anoshanda akati, kunyange zvazvo ikoku kungadzikamiswa nedare rehurumende uye muzvimwe zviitiko navamwe vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa.

Masimba Ane Simba Nemabasa

Vatongi vanoshandisa masimba makuru makuru anotungamirira anovagonesa kutarisira hurumende yehurumende, kushandisa mitemo, uye kuita chimwe chinhu kumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma.

Kushandisa Nokumanikidza Mitemo yeHurumende

Basa iri rinokosha rinoda magavhuna kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti mutemo unopfuudzwa nevanopa mitemo yehurumende unoitwa zvakarurama uye kuti masangano ehurumende ashande zvinobudirira.

Gavhuna vane mutoro wokushandisa mitemo yehurumende nokutarisira kushanda kwebazi rinotungamirira rehurumende, uye vanoita mabasa avo okutarisira uye okutungamirira vachitsigirwa nevakuru vemadhipatimendi uye vanotungamirira, vakawanda vavo vanogadzwa nagavhuna.

Chiremera Chokugadza

Mumwe wevatongi vane chiremera chikurusa ichiremera chokugadza vakuru vakuru vakuru muhurumende yose yenyika. Gavhuna vazhinjisa vane chiremera chakafara kuvakuru vakuru vanoshanda munzvimbo dzapabazu rehurumende (8) vazhinji vavo vachabatanidzwa mudare raGavhuna, rinozivikanwa se "kabhineti".

Gavhuna vazhinjisa vane chiremera chakafara kuvakuru vakuru kuti vabatire munzvimbo dzavakuru vakuru vebazu rehurumende, vangaitawo kugadza kuti vatonge zvikepe, uye mudzimwe nyika mitezo yemapuranga (edzidzo, basa, zvokufambisa noutano namabasa avanhu) inodudzwa kana kuti kugadzwa nagavhuna. Uku kugadza kunobvumira magavhuna kuumba nhungamiro yehurumende uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti purogiramu yavo inoiswa mumativi ose amasangano namasangano akasiana - siana.

Kugadza kwakawanda kwokuisa kunoda bvumirano yewirirano. Ichi chinodikanwa chinoshanda senzvero inokosha pasimba rehurumende, kuva nechokwadi chokuti mutezo wedare une muuyo womupi wemitemo muanozadza nzvimbo huru muhurumende yehurumende. Zvisinei, ukuru hwokubatanidzwa kwemitemo mumuitiro wokugadza kunosiana nehurumende uye nenzvimbo.

Nhevedzo Dzavane Vatungamiriri Nesimba Rekurumidziro

Sevatungamiriri vehurumende, Gavhuna vanofambira mberi uye vanotevera mitemo nezvirongwa zvitsva zvakagadziridzwa vachishandisa zvishandiso zvakasiyana - siyana, pakati pavo pane zvinorayirwa nevatungamiriri, mabhajeti ehurumende, zvikarakadzo zvehurumende uye zvikarakadzo zvemitemo.

Gavhuna vanoshandisa mirayiridzo yavakuru vakuru kuti vatarisire masangano kana kuti vaite chimwe chinhu kuhosha inokurumidzira, uye mukati medenda reCOVID-19, vatongi veAmerica vakabudisa zvirevo zvokutungamirira zvinenge 2 000 mumavhiki 10 chete. Muenzaniso uyu unoshamisa unoratidza kuti vatongi vanogona kushandisa sei chiremera chevakuru vakuru kuti vaite chiito nokukurumidza kuzvinetso uye kuchinja kwemamiriro ezvinhu.

Vatongi vanewo masimba makuru ekurumidziro, kazhinji kazhinji vachiwana chiremera chechinguvana chokuita mitemo, kudzora mari yehurumende, uye mano okuganhurira kufamba kwenzanga yavose kana kuti yokutengeserana mukati mehurumende yavo. aya masimba ekurumidziro anova anokosha zvikurukuru mukati mengwavaira dzomusikirwo, njodzi dzoutano dzavanhu, uye mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu anoda chiito chokukurumidza.

Murairo Wavarindi Verudzi

Gavhuna angavawo namabasa okuwedzera, akadai seadzoro ravakuru vakuru veNational Guard (apo isina kudzorwa) uye esimba rinodzivirira rehurumende iroro rakasiana (risati riri pasi poubati). Iri chiremera chehondo rinogonesa magavhuna kutumira mauto mukati menjodzi, ngwavaira dzomusikirwo, uye vhiringidzo dzavagari vemo.

Magavhuna ose anobatira savakuru vakuru veNational Guard yavo yehurumende uye anogona kutumira mauto panguva dzekurumidziro. Simba iri rave richishandiswa mumigariro yakasiana-----shamba, kubva pakupindura madutu nemwoto inopisa kusvikira kuchengetedzero mukusagadzikana kwevagari vemo.

Simba Romutemo Nepesvedzero

Nepo magavhuna ari vakuru vakuru, anewo masimba anokosha anotapura zvakananga muitiro womutemo.Aya masimba anogonesa magavhuna kuumba mitemo ndokupesvedzera purogiramu yemitemo yenyika dzawo.

Chiremera Chezvinonyadzisira

Magavhuna ose 50 anogona kuita mutemo, uye 44 ane chimiro chakati chesimba reicho chinobvumira kurovanisa zvinhu zvakati zvinoshandiswa kubva mumitero yokuranga pasina kuramba bhajeti yose. Simba reveto rinomirira mumwe wavadzori vecheki dzinokosha zvikurusa vane chiremera chemitemo.

Kana mutemi wemitemo akapfuudza mutongo unorambidza gavhuna, vanogona kuutendera, zvisinei, hurumende zhinjisa dzinobvumira mubati kuputsa mubatanidzwa wagavhuna nevhoti yavanhu vazhinjisa. Chinodikanwa chokuti vakurire dare guru rinopa vatongi simba guru mumuitiro wemitemo, sezvo kubatanidzwa kwezvikamu zviviri zvamatatu kunogona kuva kwakaoma, zvikurukuru mumitemo yakakamukana mune zvamatongerwe enyika.

Zvinodikanwa chaizvo nokuda kwokuva mukuru wevhatoes zvinosiyana nehurumende. MuAlabama, Indiana, Kentucky, uye Tennessee, chirevo chagavhuna chinogona kushaikwa nevhota yakapfava yavazhinji, uye muArkansas, mugabernator reto ingashaikwa nevoruzhinji zvikuru. Uku kuchinja kunotapura simba rine mwero ramagavhuna vis-à-vis misa yavo.

Zvirongwa Zvemitemo Nechirongwa cheAgenda

Gavhuna vanowanzoshandisa Hurumende yemashoko eHurumende kuratidzira zvirongwa zvavo zvemitemo, uye Gavhuna vazhinji vanogadzirira zvikarakadzo zvakati zvemitemo zvichatangwa nokuda kwavo, nepo madhipatimendi ehurumende namasangano angaronda nhano dzomutemo netendero yehurumende. Iri basa rokugadza purogiramu rinobvumira magavhuna kuronga kurukurirano yemitemo uye kuisa nhau dzakati pakutanga.

Vakuru vakuru vebazu vanotungamirira kazhinji kazhinji vanodanwa kupupurira zvikarakadzo zvomutemo, uye Gavhuna navamwe vatungamiriri vamabazu vanotungamirira vachatsvaka kuunganidza murangariro wavose namapoka efariro kutsigira kana kuti kushora zvikarakadzo zvakati zvomutemo. Uku mano okupesvedzera murangariro wavose nokuronga tsigiro nokuda kwesimba romutemo rinotambanudza simba rinopfuura chiremera chebumbiro remitemo.

Kudzora Mari

Gavhuna vanowanzokarakadza bhajeti yehurumende uye vanogona kupesvedzera muitiro wokuronga kupfurikidza nesimba ravo revhu uye zvishandiso zvokutarisira zvemari. Muitiro webhajeti unomirira imwe yenhandare dzinokosha zvikurusa dzepesvedzero yemari, sezvo zvisarudzo zvebhajeti zvichisarudza mwero yemari nokuda kwepurogiramu dzose dzenyika nezvinokosha.

Maturusi aya anobatsira vanaGavhuna nevashandi vavo vemari kuti vaite basa rakasimba pakuronga zvokutanga pakushandisa zviwanikwa zvehurumende. Nokudzora chikarakadzo chokutanga chebhajeti uye kuva nechiremera chezvinhu zvinoiswa mumutsetse munyika dzakawanda, magavhuna anogona kushandisa mari yakawanda kunyange paanenge achifanira kutaurirana nevanogadza mitemo.

Zvirongwa Zvomutemo Chaizvo

Vamwe vatongi vanewo simba rokugadza rusando runokosha rwemitemo kuti vape zvikwereti pachiziviso chipfupi.Ichi chiremera chinogonesa magavhuna kumanikidza chiito chemitemo panhau dzekurumidziro kana kuti nhau idzo dzakanga dzisingapiwi mashoko mukati memarusando enguva dzose. Simba rokudana marusando chaiwo uye, mune dzimwe nyika, kugadza purogiramu dzepurogiramu idzodzo, rinopa vatongi simba rokuwedzera pamuitiro wemitemo.

Masimba Okutonga: Kugadza uye Kuitira Vamwe Tsitsi

Gavhuna vanoita basa rinokosha mukuumba bazu rokutonga kupfurikidza namasimba avo okugadza nechiremera chavo chokupa ruramiso.

Kusarudza Kutonga

Makurire esimba iri anosiyana zvikuru nehurumende, vamwe vatongi vane simba rakafara rokugadza vatongi nepo vamwe vane mabasa akaganhurirwa zvikuru.

Mune dzimwe nyika, dzakadai seNew Hampshire neRhode Island, magavhuna angasarirawo vatongi kuDare reHurumende Gurusa kuti vatenderwe nedare rehurumende, basa rokutonga, kana kuti Dare reHurumende. Uku kugadza kunogona kuumba mutongi kwamakumi amakore, sezvo vatongi kazhinji kazhinji vanobatira mashoko marefu uye vanoita zvisarudzo zvinotapura maruramiro makuru nedudziro dzapamutemo.

Gavhuna anotungamirira bazi rehurumende muhurumende imwe kana kuti ndima imwe uye, zvichitsamira paudzori hwomunhu mumwe, angava noudzori hwakati kuti pakuronga mari yehurumende, simba rokugadza vakuru vakuru vazhinji (kubatanidza vatongi vazhinji), uye basa rakati mumutemo. Mano okugadza vatongi anomirira rumwe rwamativi asingagumi zvikurusa enhaka yagavhuna, sezvo zvisarudzo zvokutonga zvinopfuurira kutapura nyika nguva refu pashure pokunge gavhuna abva pahofisi.

Masimba Ane Simba: Zviratidzo Nezvibvumirano

Kuitira vamwe zvakaipa chimiro chechiremera chapamusoro chinoshandiswa naPurezidhendi uye naGavhuna venyika imwe neimwe kukanganwira kana kuti kuderedza zvirango zvakati zvoutsotsi kana kuti kusunungura vanhu pamigumisiro yakati yepamutemo yokupwiswa.Iyi simba rinomirira imwe yenzira dzakananga zvikurusa idzo vatongi vanogona kutapura nayo mhaka dzomunhu mumwe nomumwe mukati megadziriro yeruramisiro.

Bumbiro remitemo riri rose rinobvumira Gavhuna kana kuti Board of Pardons kupa kujeka, kunyange zvazvo mashoko, muitiro, marongerwo, uye kushandiswa kweiri simba zvichisiyana zvikuru muhurumende nehurumende. Kunzwisisa iyi misiano kunokosha nokuda kwokunzwisisa kuti nhevedzano inoshanda sei mumativi akasiana - siana.

Marudzi Omururamisi

Kukanganwira kuparadzwa kwapamutemo kwemiuyo yapamutemo nokuda kwoutsotsi, uye kupiwa kwekanganwiro naGavhuna kana kuti Dare rapamutemo rePardons kungadzorera maruramiro akati avagari vemo, akadai sekodzero yokuvhota, maruramiro okutakura zvombo, kana kuti mano okumhanyira kunzvimbo kana kuti kubatira muhondo, uye kungabvisawo mhinganidzo dzapamutemo kubasa nokuisa zviga.

Kudzora kunopfupikisa mutongo womunhu, uye kana mutongo womunhu ukapfupikisa nguva yaanobatira, kunoguma nokusunungurwa kwomunhu iyeyo. Magavhuna anobvumira magavhuna kugovera rusununguko kuvanhu vanobatira mitongo ingava yakanyanyisa kana kuti isina kururama pasina kubvisa chose chose kupwiswa.

Maparera anoderedza kana kuti anosundira mberi chirango chinopiwa mudare, uye kazhinji kazhinji chinoitika mumashoko akapoteredza echirango chorufu uye anowanzopiwa muzviitiko zvakadaro kupa Gavhuna nguva yokuhwirudzura nhau ndokusarudza kana aizokanganwira kana kuti kubvisa chikwereti.

Kubatana Kwevane Simba Ravakuru Vakuru

Mumaruwa 15, gavhuna ane chiremera chakazara uye chiri chose chokupa chiremera: Alabama, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Kentucky, Mississippi, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oregon, South Carolina, South Dakota, Virginia, Washington, uye Wyoming. Muidzi nyika, simba ragavhuna harina kurangarirwa namamwe mapazu ehurumende.

Mumaruwa manomwe(-Arizona, Delaware, Florida, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, uye Texas) gavhuna anofanira kuva nerumbidzo yokuzvidzora kubva kuboka kana kuti boka rouzivi. Ichi chinodikanwa chinoganhurira uchenjeri hwechiparire uye chinovimbisa kuti zvisarudzo zvokurangana zvinobatanidza mubatanidzwa wezvisarudzo zvakawanda.

MuGeorgia, Nebraska, Nevada, uye Utah, boka kana kuti boka revatungamiriri rinokwanisa kudzora kana kuti kuisa pfungwa pachinhu chimwe chete.

Kungwarira Nezviito Zveunyoro

Nemhaka yokuti kupiwa kwetsitsi ikodzero yaGavhuna ne/om Board, Gavhuna vangaongorora mamiriro ezvinhu ebasa rimwe nerimwe voshandisa uchenjeri hwavo pakusarudza. Uku kungwarira kunoreva kuti zvisarudzo zvinogona kuvakirwa pamativi akawanda nerangariro.

Nhamba yekanganwiro nedzokukanganwira zvinopiwa gore rimwe nerimwe zvinosiyana zvikuru zvichienda kuhurumende nedzokudzorwa, uye zvingasiyanawo zvikuru gore negore munyika ipi neipi kana kuti ndima. Mamwe magavhuna anoshandisa simba rakaipa zvikuru, nepo mamwe achipa kusaruramisira kashoma kana kuti kwete.

Misi ichangobva kupfuura iyi, vamwe vanaGavhuna vakashandisa masimba avo okuda kukanganwira vanhu vakawanda vane zvimwe zvitendero, kazhinji kazhinji zvine chokuita nokuva nembanje, uye vamwe vanaGavhuna vakabudisa mirayiro yevakuru vakuru inokanganwira uye vamwe vakatanga nhano dzokutanga kukumbira kukumbira, nezvizhinji zvezviito izvi zvinobatanidza nhamburiko dzokunyoresa mbanje pamutemo.

Makemikari Nedzikamo Pasimba Rokugomera

Nepo magavhuna ane chiremera chikuru, anoshanda mukati megadziriro yokunzvera nedzikamo yakagadzirirwa kudzivisa kuiswa kwesimba ndokuvimbisa kuzvidavirira.

Nzvero Dzomutemo

Gavhuna vanofanira kushanda nevanogadza mitemo, nevamwe vakuru vakuru vebazu, uye kunyange navatambi kunze kwenyika kuti vaite nharidzano dzavo.Ichi chinodikanwa chokubatira pamwe chinoganhurira mano amagavhuna okuita pasina donzo munharaunda zhinjisa dzemiitiro.

Gavhuna vanoshanda nevanodzika mitemo yavo kuti vabatsire kuva nechokwadi chokuti zvavanoisa pakutanga, zvinangwa zvavo, uye zvavanoita zvinoratidzwa zvakarurama uye zvinogamuchirwa zvakanaka mukati memitongo yeutariri nemimwe mibato yehurumende inotungamirira uye inoyera kuitwa kwemahofisi ebazi anenge arayirwa nemitemo.

Simba redare rokukurira mavhota, kudzora kunzvera, uye kuitisa zvose zvinobatira secherekedzo pachiremera choutongi. Mukuwedzera, munyika dzakawanda, vakuru vakuru vamabazu vakati vanosarudzwa mukuzvimirira panzvimbo pokugadzwa nagavhuna, vachitanga icho masayendisiti ezvamatongerwe enyika anodana kuti "mukuru mukuru" anokamura simba ravakuru vakuru vazhinji.

Kuhwirudzura Kutonga

Dare rehurumende rinogona kuhwirudzura zviito zvehurumende kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti zvinowirirana nebumbiro remitemo rehurumende nemitemo. Mirairo inotungamirirwa nehurumende, zviziviso zvekurumidziro, uye zvimwe zviito zvekurumidziro zvinogona kupokanwa mudare, uye vatongi vanogona kukunda zviito zvinopfuura chiremera chebumbiro remitemo kana kuti chengedzero yedare.

Kurayira

Nyika dzose kunze kweOregon dzinogovera kusava nomutezo waGavhuna, uye somuchinoitika chehurumende yomubatanidzwa, muitiro wokusatendeseka unotanga nomutumbi wakaderera wedare romutemo uye kutonga kunoitiswa nomutumbi wapamusoro munyika iri yose asi Alaska·a] uko muitiro wacho unochinjwa, uye Nebraska, uyo une mutezo womutemo wehurumende usina kutenderwa wakapiwa mutongo wakakwana.

Muzvinoitika zvizhinjisa, kuzvidza kunoda voruzhinji vemitezo, nepo kupwiswa kunowanzoda matatu maviri kana kuti mamwe ruzhinji chairwo. Simba rokusatendeseka rinomirira nzvero yokupedzisira pamufambiro usina kunaka wegabhureni, kunyange zvazvo kusingawanzoshandiswi.

Miganhu Yebumbiro Remitemo Nemitemo

Basa ramagavhuna rinowanzomutsa nharo, nokuti vaAmerica nguva dzose vave vasingafariri simba rechiremera, saparutivi rumwe, nhau inotiudza kuti simba rinoshatisa uye simba rakakwana rinoshatisa chose chose, asi pane rumwe rutivi, nhau inotiudza kuti simba rapamusoro riri madikanwa kana hurumende dzichizoshanda nebudiriro ipi neipi iri kusvika.

Uku kuenzana kwenhau kwakatungamirira kugadziriro dzebumbiro remitemo nedzemitemo idzo dzinosanoronga chiremera choutongi. Mitemo yehurumende inodudza chaizvoizvo masimba chaiwo anopiwa kuvatongi apo inochengeta mamwe masimba kudare remitemo kana kuti kuganhurira chiremera chavakuru vakuru munzira dzakasiana - siana.

Gavhuna Vachienzaniswa naPurezidhendi

Kunzwisisa simba roufundisi kunoda kurienzanisa nechiremera chapurezidhendi, sezvo mahofisi maviri achigoverana fanano dzakati asi dzakasiyana munzira dzinokosha.

Nharaunda Dzechiremera Chikuru Chokutonga

Gavhuna, mukupesana, kazhinji kazhinji vanotarisana nechekedzo shoma, uye munyika dzakawanda, masangano emisiona yemitemo enguva imwe, kunzvera kwapanhambo nenhambo kwakaganhurirwa, uye mhinganidzo dzamagavhuna dzisina kusimba dzinobvumira magavhuna kufamba nokukurumidza uye pasina kurangarira. urwu rusununguko rwechiito rwakati runogona kuita kuti vatongi vave vane simba zvikuru mukati menzvimbo dzavo kupfuura zvapurezidhendi ari mukati megadziriro yomubatanidzwa.

Purezidhendi haagoni kuronga mari yomunhu oga kana kuti kuzivisa mugariro wekurumidziro muGeorgia, asi gavhuna anogona, uye mukuwirirana nechiremera chakashatirwa, magavhuna kazhinji kazhinji anofarikanya masimba ayo purezidhendi asingafariri.

Savakuru vakuru vehurumende, magavhuna anoshandisa simba rekurumidziro rekurumidziro risingawirirani neramatongerwe enyika, uye kutaura idi, nyika dzakawanda dzinoshandisa mukuru mukuru wadzo nechiremera chikuru kupfuura icho chakapiwa purezidhendi worudzi noBumbiro reMitemo reU.S.

Nharaunda Dzokunyanyisa KwaPrezidhendi

Zvisinei, masimba anokosha zvikurusa anoitwa bedzi napurezidhendi, akadai sokukurukura zvibvumirano zvehondo, kuraira kutengeserana kwehurumende, uye kutungamirira muitiro wokumwe, anobva chose chose muchiremera chavatongi. aya masimba ehurumende akakwana anova nechokwadi chokuti magavhuna, pasinei zvapo nechiremera chawo chikuru mukati mehurumende dzawo, haagoni kushanda munzvimbo dzakachengeterwa hurumende yehurumende.

Misiyano Yakarongeka

Purezidhendi anogoverana chiremera chavakuru vakuru nesangano guru rehurumende uye anofanira kushanda neDare rehurumende renguva yakazara iro rinogara gore rose, nepo magavhuna mazhinjisa achitungamirira hurumende dzinoisa ruvara rwehurumende uye anoshanda pamwe chete nedzimba dzehurumende dzenguva isina rutivi dzinosangana kwemwedzi mishomanene chete gore rimwe nerimwe. Iyi misiano yezvivako inotapura kuti vatongi napurezidhendi vanoshandisa sei simba neganhuriro zvavanotarisana nazvo.

Mapurezidhendi anotarisana nenzvero yenguva dzose yezvinobudisa nhau zvenyika, nepo magavhuna anowanzoshanda pasi peradar, zvikurukuru munyika dzine simba rakaganhurirwa rokubudisa nhau. iyi mirangariro muzvinobudisa nhau inogona kutapura kuzvidavirira nemiuyo yezvamatongerwe enyika yezviito zvavakuru vakuru.

Kutapura Kumanikidza Mutemo Neruramisiro Yeutsotsi

Gavhuna vanoita basa rinokosha mukuumba mitemo yokuchengetedza mutemo uye ruramisiro youtsotsi inoguma yavapo munyika dzavo.

Kutarisira Mutemo Kuchimanikidza

Mumaruwa akawanda, mapurisa ehurumende nemamwe masangano anochengetedza mutemo anoshuma zvakananga kuna gavhuna kana kuti kuvakuru vakuru vakagadzwa nagavhuna, zvichiita kuti magavhuna ave nesimba guru pakuisa mutemo pakutanga uye pamabasa.

Gavhuna anogona kutungamirira zvinhu zvinochengetedza mitemo pazvinetso zvakati, anogona kuita kuti pave nemabasa okugadzirisa nyaya dzakananga, uye anogona kugadza nzira yokuti masangano anoona nezvekuchengeteka kwemitemo anobata nayo nenzanga.

Kutonga Kwoutsotsi

Vanogona kutsigira kutsiura kugadzirisa zvinhu, kutsigira zvinhu zvinokosha, uye kuronga nzvimbo dzematare okutonga, kuisa mutemo wemhosva munyika dzavo.

Simba resimba rinopa magavhuna ane mutoo wakananga wokukurukura nhau dzakati uko vanodavira ruramisiro inoda kupindira. Munzvimbo dzakawanda gavhuna anewo simba rakakwana kana kuti rekuderedza kana kuti kukanganwira tongero youtsotsi. Iri simba rinobvumira magavhuna kugovera rusununguko mumhaka dzepwiso dzisina kururama, mitongo yakanyanyisa, kana kuti uko kunatsiridzwa kwakaratidzwa.

Kudavidza Kwekurumidziro Nechengeteko Yavose

Panenge paine zvinhu zvinoda kukurumidzirwa, magavhuna ane simba rokuita zvinhu zvakawanda zvinodiwa kuti adzivirire vanhu, anogona kugadzira mauto, kuzivisa kuti zvinhu zvava kuda kuitika zvinokonzera simba chairo, uye kuronga zvokuita panjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, kuvhiringidzika kwevanhu, kana kuti matambudziko eutano.

Vatarisiri vekurumidziro vanosimbisa kuti migariro yekurumidziro i "yakabetserwa nenzira yebetsero, inotarisirwa nehurumende, uye yakaparadzwa munzvimbomo" inoratidzira idi rokuti njodzi inoitwa zvakanakisisa nezviremera zviri pedyo navanhu. Iyi nheyo inoisa magavhuna pakati penhamburiko dzekurumidziro, ane chiremera chokutsinhiranisa nyika nezviwanikwa zvomunzvimbomo uye kukumbira betsero yehurumende apo inodikanwa.

Kutanga Kwesimba Rokugadzira Zvinhu

Bazu guru munyika dzeAmerica, kufanana nenyika dzimene, rakawana chinjo huru dzakawanda munhau yorudzi, sezvo vatongi vakachinja kubva pakudzora vamiriri voumambo hweBritain kuvavamiririwo zvavo vane simba rokusaita zvakanaka kana kuti zvakaipa nokuda kwenyika uye ipapo kuvatungamiriri vakuru vemitemo vanokosha vose vari vaviri mukati mehurumende nomunyika yose zvayo.

Sezvo nzanga yeAmerica yazova yakaoma zvikuru uye kariro dzavagari vemo nokuda kwehurumende dzavo dzakura, hurumende dzakasundwa kuunza vatambi vadzo vehurumende mutsinhirano nekariro dzavagari vemo, dzakapa simba hurumende dzadzo, uye magavhuna zvirokwazvo akabetserwa neidzi chinjo uye zvino anogona kushanda savatungamiriri munyika dzawo.

Mhindumupindu iyi inoratidzira zvimiro zvinochinja kusimba ravakuru vakuru nokuzivikanwa kunowedzera uko kudzora kunoda utungamiriri hwavakuru vakuru hwakasimba.

Ukama Hwehurumende

Gavhuna haashandi vari voga asi anofanira kuronga ukama hwakaoma nehurumende dzehurumende, dzehurumende, uye dzomunzvimbomo.

Federal State Relations

Magavhuna mazhinjisa anochengeta onano yenguva dzose nehurumende yehurumende, zvikurukuru kupfurikidza nenhume dzavo dzehurumende kuCongress, uye anogonawo kuva nesangano kupfurikidza neNational Gavhunas Association, boka roudzori rinomirira magavhuna anogoverana nharidzano dzavo. Uhu ukama hunogonesa magavhuna kutsigira fariro dzenyika dzavo, kutsigira mari yehurumende, uye kutsinhirana panhau idzo hurumende nehurumende.

Gavhuna vanowanzobatira savatongi vakuru pakati pehurumende dzavo nehurumende yehurumende, vachitaurirana pamusoro pezvirevo zvehurumende, vachitsvaka vadzivisi mumirau yomubatanidzwa, uye vachishanda kuva nechokwadi chokuti mitemo yehurumende inogovera zvinodikanwa zvehurumende nezvinoiswa pakutanga.

Ukama Hwepakati Penyika

Gavhuna vanoshandawo nedzimwe nyika panhau dzinonetsana.

Ukama Hwehurumende

Mune dzimwe nyika, vatongi vane simba guru pahurumende dzemo, kusanganisira simba rokupindira munhau dzomunzvimbomo kana kuti rokubvisa mitemo yomunharaunda.Mune dzimwe, hurumende dzemo dzine rusununguko rwakakura, uye magavhuna anofanira kushanda nokunyengetedza nokushandira pamwe panzvimbo pechiremera chakananga.

Matambudziko Nemagariro Acho

Magavhuna emazuva ano ano anosangana nematambudziko akawanda pakushandisa simba rawo, uye kushandisa kwawo simba kunowanzokonzera gakava uye gakava.

Masimba Ekurumidziro Nechisimba Chinodzorwa Nemitemo

Kushandiswa kukuru kwamasimba enjodzi mukati medenda reCOVAID-19 kwakasimbisa zvose zviri zviviri ukuru hwechiremera chehurumende nenyanduko yachinogona kuparira. Kushandiswa kwechiremera chavakuru vakuru muziviso dzekurumidziro kwakaakwidziridza kubasa rinooneka zvikuru panhambo yezvamatongerwe enyika umo nhau dzehurumende dzinowanzopfupikiswa muzvinobudisa nhau zvinodzorwa norudzi semapoka echikamu chenyika muWashington uye kudzokororwa kwehurumende kwechikamu chenhau cheCHOVID-19.

Kuona uku kwakaitawo kuti pave nechikanganiso chakakura munyika dzakawanda, nedzimba dzemitemo dzichitsvaka kuganhurira masimba ekurumidziro.

Kuedzwa Kwechiremera Chomunzvimbomo

Nepo kukura kwechiremera chavakuru vakuru kunoitwa namagavhuna kwakakwevera ngwariro, zviito zvakawanda zvakaitwa navakuru vakuru vehurumende mukati mechakakomba cheCOVAD yave iri zvokubvisa kushandiswa kwechiremera chavakuru vakuru kunoitwa nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo mukuvhara — kana kuti kukundikana kuvhara — mahombekombe, mabhawa, uye mamwe mabhizimisi mukati mehurumende yose 'inoramba iri pamirairo yemusha. Uku kushandiswa kwesimba regubernator kudzora zvisarudzo zvomunzvimbomo kwave kuchimutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pedzikamo yakafanira pakati pehurumende nechiremera chomunzvimbomo.

Kuchinja Kunoita Kudenga

Kuwedzera kwekudzora kweboka kunotapura simba rehurumende uye kubudirira.Gavhuna vanotarisana nedzimba dzinodzorwa nebato rinopikisa vangawana zvirongwa zvavo zvichivharwa uye kugadzwa kwavo kuchirambwa.

Bvunzurudzo Dzinoshanda Dzavagari Vapasi Nevatori Vezvinhu

Kunzwisisa simba rehurumende kune revo dzinoshanda nokuda kwavaiti vezvinhu vakasiana - siana, kubva kuvagari vemowo zvavo kuenda kumabhizimisi, mapoka ezvibvumirano, uye nyanzvi dzepamutemo.

Nokuda Kwavagari Vemo

Vagari vanofanira kunzwisisa kuti magavhuna ane chiremera chakasimba chokutapura upenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva kupfurikidza nezvisarudzo zvemiitiro, kuronga nhevedzano yezvinokosha, uye kugadza. Kubatanidzwa nesarudzo dzamagavhuna, kukurukura nehofisi dzavatongi, uye kunzwisisa ukuru hwechiremera choutongi kunogona kubetsera vagari vemo kutora rutivi nenzira inobudirira zvikuru mukudzora kwehurumende.

Avo vanotsvaka kunyanyisa vanofanira kunzwisisa miitiro nemipimo munyika dzavo, vachiziva kuti kungwarira kunoitwa nechisarudzo chebubernera kunoita rutivi runokosha muzvisarudzo zvokusasarura.

Nokuda Kwemabhizimisi Nemasangano

Mabhizimisi nemasangano anofanira kushandisa chiremera chehurumende munharaunda dzakadai semitemo, kufambira mberi kwezvemari, uye kutarisirwa kwemamiriro ezvinhu ekurumidziro.

Simba rokugadza rinoreva kuti kuvaka ukama negadziriro dzezvirongwa zvinogona kuva zvinokosha nokuda kwamasangano anotsvaka kupesvedzera kuitwa kwegadziriro yemitemo.

Nokuda Kwenyanzvi Dzepamutemo

Vatarisiri vehurumende uye nyanzvi dzemitemo vanofanira kunzwisisa ukuru hwechiremera chehurumende pakupa zano vatengi, zviito zvokutarisira zvinodenha, kana kuti kutsvaka kuzivikanwa kwemitemo yehurumende, miitiro yokutarisira, uye masimba chaiwo anopiwa kuvatongi munyika dzakati kunokosha nokuda kwokushanda kwepamutemo kunobudirira.

Kunzwisisa muitiro wekusaruramisira uye zvinhu zvinorangarirwa namagavhuna apo anoita zvisarudzo zvokusasarura kunogona kuva kunokosha nokuda kwamagweta anomirira vatengi vanotsvaka kukanganwirwa kana kuti kukumbirwa.

Kurangarirwa Kunokosha Kwokunzwisisa Chiremera Chokuburitsa Mitoro

  • Chitendero chamagariro: masimba echiRungu anosiana zvikuru muhurumende nehurumende yakavakirwa pagadziriro dzebumbiro remitemo nedzemitemo. Kunzwisisa gadziriro dzakananga munyika yakati kunokosha mukunzwisisa izvo gavhuna anogona uye asingagoni kuita.
  • [[FAL:0] Formal v. Simba remasanga: Kunyange zvazvo masimba ebumbiro remitemo nemitemo achikosha, magavhuna anoshandisawo simba risina kurongwa kupfurikidza nokuronga, kunyengetedza kwapachena, uye utungamiriri hwezvamatongerwe enyika. Magavhuna anobudirira anoshandisa zvose zviri zviviri chiremera chakarongwa nepesvedzero yamasanga.
  • Michero neMadzikamo: Pasinei zvapo nechiremera chikuru, magavhuna anoshanda mukati megadziriro yecheki nedzikamo izvo zvinobatanidza utarisiri hwemitemo, hwirudzuro yedare, uye muzvimwe zviitiko, vakuru vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa pasina kuvhota. Izvi zvinobetsera kuvimbisa kuzvidavirira uye kudzivisa kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba.
  • Chiremera chapamutemo: Vatongi vane masimba ekurumidziro makuru anogona kukudza zvikuru chiremera chavo mukati menjodzi. Kunzwisisa ukuru neganhuriro dzamasimba iwaya kunokosha, zvikurukuru nemhaka yegakava remisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi pamusoro pokushandiswa kwawo.
  • Impact Impact: Simba rokugadza vatongi, vakuru vemitezo, uye mitezo yeboka rinobvumira magavhuna kuronga gadziriro nedudziro yapamutemo nguva refu pashure pokunge vabuda muhofisi. Uku kugadza kunomirira chimwe chemativi asingagumi zvikurusa epesvedzero yegubernerator.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ungwaru:[[FLT: 1] Simba rounyoro rinopa vatongi uchenjeri hunokosha kuti vatapure mhaka dzakati kuti mukati megadziriro yeruramisiro youtsotsi. Kushandiswa kwesimba iri kunosiana zvikuru pakati pavabati namasangano.
  • Control: Kupfurikidza nezvikarakadzo zvebhajeti nechinhu chemitsetse vhato chiremera, magavhuna anoshandisa udzori hwakasimba pakushandiswa kwezvinhu zvehurumende. Simba refiscal rinomirira chimwe chezvishandiso zvinokosha zvikurusa nokuda kwokushandisa purogiramu.
  • [ pesvedzero yeRegistrative From: Vatongi vanopesvedzera mutemo kupfurikidza nesimba reveto, zvikarakadzo zvomutemo, uye utungamiriri hwezvamatongerwe enyika. Kunzwisisa kuti magavhuna anobatira pamwe sei namasangano omutemo kunokosha mukunzwisisa gadziriro dzehurumende.
  • Kuzviisa panzvimbo yehurumende: Vatongi vanofanira kutungamirira ukama nehurumende dzehurumende, hurumende, uye dzomunzvimbomo. Kubudirira kwavo kazhinji kunotsamira pamano avo okutsinhirana muaya mwero yakasiana- siyana yehurumende.
  • Political Context: Mhoteredzo yezvamatongerwe enyika, kubatanidza kudzora kwokudzora kwomutemo, murangariro wavose, uye ngwariro yezvinobudisa nhau, zvinotapura zvikuru kuti vatongi vanogona sei kushandisa chiremera chavo. Masimba etsika anofanira kunzwisiswa mumamirire avo ezvematongerwe enyika.

Mabhuku Emamwe Mashoko

Nokuda kwaavo vanotsvaka kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pemasimba ehurumende nehurumende yehurumende, zviwanikwa zvinoverengeka zvinogovera mashoko anokosha:

Vatongi veNational Association inogovera zviwanikwa zvakawanda pamasimba ehubernerator, miitiro yakanakisisa, uye nhano dzemiitiro. Website yavo inobatanidza mashoko pamusoro pemiitiro yengozi, masimba ekurumidziro, uye mamwe mativi echiremera.

Conucial of State State State Provincial inobudisa "Bhuku reStates," iro rinogovera mashoko ane udzame ehurumende kupfurikidza nehurumende pamusoro pamasimba ehurumende, mashoko, zvikwaniriso, uye mamwe mativi ehurumende.

Mabumbiro emitemo nemitemo anobatsira vanhu kunzwisisa masimba ehurumende munyika dzakananga.

Masangano ezvokunyora akadai se Eagleton Center on the American Gavhuna[[FT:1] paRutgers University anonzvera pamusoro pamagavhuna uye anogovera pfuma yedzidzo pamusoro pehofisi namasimba ayo.

Mawebsite ehurumende anowanzosanganisira mashoko anotaura nezvemasimba ehurumende, kubatana, uye kuti ungashandisa sei hofisi yagavhuna panyaya dzakasiyana - siyana.

mhedziso

Gavhuna vane nzvimbo yechienzi neine simba muhurumende yeAmerica, vachibatira savakuru vakuru vehurumende dzavo dzine chiremera chinobata anodokuva rutivi rwuri rwose rwehurumende neupenyu hwavagari vemo. Kubva pakushandisa mitemo nokutarisira masangano ehurumende kusvikira pakugadza vatongi nokupa nhevedzano, magavhuna anoshandisa masimba anoumba nzvimbo yapamutemo uye anotapura mamirioni avanhu.

Kunzwisisa chiremera chehurumende kunoda kuziva zvose zviri zviviri masimba enguva dzose anopiwa nebumbiro remitemo nemitemo uye vatongi vepesvedzero yamasanga vanoshandisa kupfurikidza noutungamiriri hwezvamatongerwe enyika negadziriro. Kunodawo kuonga cheki nedzikamo zvinodzvinyirira simba rehurumende uye misiano iripo pakati penyika dzine makumi mashanu.

Sezvo hurumende dzehurumende dzinopfuurira kuita mabasa anokosha mukupedza denho huru dzemiitiro yehurumende — kubvira kuutano hwehurumende nedzidzo kusvikira kururamisiro youtsotsi nokukura kwezvemari — ukoshi hwenzwisiso yegubernator hunowedzera bedzi. Kana uri mugari wemo ari kutsvaka kutora rutivi nenzira inobudirira zvikuru mukudzora kwehurumende, gadziriro dzehurumende dzinofamba, kana kuti mumwe munhu anofarira bedzi nzira iyo hurumende yeAmerica inoshanda nayo, zivo yechiremera chehurumende inogovera nzwisiso inokosha mukuitwa nokushandiswa kwemitemo pamwero wenyika.

Basa ragavhuna rakachinja nenzira inokosha munhau yeAmerica, kuwana simba nechiremera sezvo hurumende dzazvino uno dzakaraira utungamiriri hwakaisvonaka. Iyi mhindumupindu inopfuurira nhasi, sezvo vatongi vanochinjira kudenho itsva nenharo pamusoro pomuganhu wakafanira wechiremera chavakuru vakuru vanopfuurira. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa magavhuna ane masimba iwayo, ganhuriro pamasimba iwayo, uye nzira yaanoshandiswa nayo, tinogona kuyera zviri nani kuita basa rehurumende, kuita kuti vatongi vazvidavirire, uye kutora rutivi nenzira inobudirira zvikuru mumuitiro wehurumende yehurumende inotonga.