Apo unokweva chimbudzi, pinda bhazi ravose, kana kuti kugamuchira cheki yeSocial Security, uri kubata basa rehurumende pamwero yakawanda. Vadzidzi vazhinji navadzidzisi vanonzwisisa murangariro wakafara wamapazu matatu (akakasha, anotonga, anotonga) (ayaa), mabhii mashoma anosvika [ marusabheti [[FLT]] ehurumende, hurumende, uye hurumende yomunzvimbomo inobatana kuti vaumbe munenge nhambo iri yose youpenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kubva kumitemo yehurumende inodzorwa kumitemo yehurumende kudare romunzvimbomo kuipfuura nedare renyu, mwero mumwe nomumwe unotakura chiremera chakasiana, hove, uye mitoo yokuzvidavirira. Iyi nyaya inoratidza kuti zvisarudzo zvavo zvinopesana munzanga yenyu, uye zvinogovera nzira dzinoshanda kuita kuti unzwe nayo shoko rako rimwe nerimwe.

Chigadzirwa Chehurumende yeAmerica Chakagadzirwa Nevanhu Vatatu

United States igadziriro yemagariro , zvinoreva simba rinokamurwa pakati pehurumende dzenyika nehurumende. Zvose zviri zviviri zvinowana chiremera kubva kuBumbiro remitemo, uye zvose zviri zviviri zvine onano yakananga navagari vemo. Munyika, maruwa, maguta, mataundi, uye maruwa chaiwo (zvinoshanda sezvisikwa zvehurumende, kushandisa masimba anogoverwa nemitemo nemitemo. Kunzwisisa iyi inhano yokutanga kukuona chikonzero nei chivako mumugwagwa wenyu chingava chinetso chemanisiparatisiti, nepo kunonoka mukuita kwako pasports kunenge kuri pamutemo.

Hurumende Yehurumende: Guru muWashington

Hurumende yehurumende inobata nhau dzinotapura nyika yose kana kuti iya inodarika miganhu. Ruoko rwayo rwemitemo, Congress, runoumbwa nemakamuri maviri: Imba yeVamiririri (435 mitezo yokuvhota, inogoverwa navanhu) uye Dare (mitezo 100, miviri pahurumende). Pamwe chete vanopa mitemo panhau dzakadai sokupinda munyika, dziviriro yenyika, kutengeserana, uye maruramiro avagari vemo. Bazu rehurumende, rinotungamirirwa napurezidhendi, rinomanikidzira mutemo wehurumende, nepo vatongi vehurumende vanoidudzira.

Mitoro Yehurumende Huru

  • Kudzivirira kwenyika nomutemo wokumwe — kuchengeta mauto akashongedzerwa nezvombo, kutaurirana zvibvumirano, uye kumirira U.S. kunze kwenyika.
  • kutengeserana kweInterstate nokwemarudzi ose [[FLT: 1]] — kudzora kutengeserana pakati penyika uye namamwe marudzi, kubatanidza kunyora mashoko, chengeteko yechibereko, uye mitemo inorwisana nouvimbiko.
  • Kutsinhana nokubhangi — mari yokudhinda, kuisa mwero yemhindu muFederal Reserve, uye kutsvakisisa mabhangi (FDIC).
  • [ Gadziriro dzeinishuwarenzi — Social Security, Medicare, uye mari yehurumende nokuda kwokurapa (Kuchinjana kwechitoko cheCare Care Act).
  • Kuchengetwa kwekodzero dzehurumende [ — kudzivirira kodzero dzokuvhota, muitiro wakafanira, uye dziviriro yakaenzana pasi pomutemo.

Nemhaka yokuti mitemo yehurumende yakakwirira pamusoro pemitemo yenyika apo inorwisana (panopo Supremacy Classia muChikamu VI cheBumbiro reMitemo), Congress inogona kugadza mipimo miduku inofanira kuteverwa nehurumende. Bva ubati ushe hunosiyawo nzvimbo huru nokuda kwehurumende nokusiyana kwomunzvimbomo. Somuenzaniso, apo hurumende yehurumende inogadza muripo wakaderera kupfurikidza neFair Labor Standard Act, masangano anogona (uye vazhinji) kugadza mibairo yakakwirira zvikuru.

Hurumende: Kuderera Kwehurumende Inotonga

Hurumende imwe neimwe inoshanda pasi pebumbiro remitemo rayo imene, iro rinoratidzira chaizvoizvo gadziriro yehurumende nemutungamiriri wehurumende (governor), mugadziri wehurumende (anowanzonzi gungano rehurumende kana kuti gungano rehurumende), uye hurumende dzinotonga. Hurumende dzine mutoro nokuda kwegadziriro huru yedzimba idzo dzinotapura zvakananga vagari vemo: dzidzo, utano hwavanhu, zvirongwa zvezvokufambisa, mutemo woutsotsi, uye mirau yemhoteredzo yakawanda. Dare repamusoro reU.S. rakadana maruwa kuti “masangano ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.” Nemhaka yokuti anogona kuedza nemiitiro yakasiana - , yakadai sepurogiramu yezvokuparwa kwoutano mumwe muVermont kana kuti carbonpal paste muCalifornia mukusadairwa mvudzo yehurumende.

Mabasa Anokosha Ehurumende

  • K@12 nesvetting [ — kutsigira nezvikoro zvavose, kugadza mipimo yezvidzidzo, kutanga zvinodikanwa zvokunyorera vadzidzisi.
  • transport — kuvaka nokuchengeta migwagwa mikuru yehurumende, migwagwa, uye mabhiriji; kutarisira kunyoresa kwemotokari uye kunyoresa kwemotokari.
  • Kurapa noutano hwavanhu vose — kugovera Medicaid (mubatanidzwa unotsigirwa nehurumende yomubatanidzwa), kutungamirira zvipatara, uye kupindura kusvota.
  • [ Ruramisiro [ — kurondedzera mhaka zhinjisa (kupamba, kudenha, kuponda) uye kushanda kwamapurisa ehurumende, matorongo, uye gadziriro dzedare.
  • [ Kudzora kwemakwara ehwaro — kusimbisa mhepo nemipimo yakanaka yemvura, kazhinji kazhinji kupfurikidza namasangano akafanana neCalifornia Air Resources Board.

Hurumende dzinobatawo nhau dzechipiri dzakawanda dzakadai semitemo yeroorano, kutengesa (majeri, magweta, kugezwa), uye mitemo yokutengesa doro. Nemhaka yokuti mitemo yehurumende inogona kusiana zvikuru, umo unogara inotapura zvikuru zvisarudzo zvako zvokutarisira utano, zvaunobhadhara mumitero, uye kunyange zvaunogona kutenga paSvondo.

Hurumende Yomunzvimbomo: Uko Mubhadharo Unosangana Navanhu

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo(maruwa, maguta, mataundi, misha, uye maruwa chaiwo (semapuranga ezvikoro kana kuti zviremera zvemvura) zvinogovera nzvimbo yapedyo zvikurusa yebasa ravose. Dzinogona kugadzirwa nehurumende uye dzinogona kurongwa kana kuti kuparadzwa nezviito zvehurumende, asi dzine rusununguko chairwoirwo paupenyu hwenzanga hwezuva nezuva. Muhurumende zhinjisa, hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinowana simba radzo kubva mu “kutonga kwenzvimbo yokugara” gadziriro mubumbiro remitemo rehurumende kana kuti miraudzo.

Mitoro Yomunzvimbomo Inokosha

  • [[NHAU] , [ — madhipatimendi emapurisa, mamichina okudzima moto, mabasa okurapa anokurumidza, uye kudzikamisa mutemo.
  • Nheyo dzenzvimbo yapachanogara — migwagwa, nzira dzomumugwagwa, magetsi omumugwagwa, mhepo inoyerera, mugove wemvura, uye gadziriro dzetsvina.
  • Kushambadza uye kushandisa nzvimbo [ — kusarudza chinogona kuvakwa kupi, kubva pamisha yemhuri imwe chete ne669 kuenda kumafekitari, uye kupa mvumo dzokuvaka.
  • [ Zvikoro zvepano nepokugara — kunyange zvazvo zvichibhadharwa nehurumende nehurumende, mabhodhi ezvikoro omunharaunda anoita kurovha, kosi, uye kuronga bhajeti.
  • Mapark nenhandaro — kuchengeta mapaka avose, maraibhurari, nzvimbo dzenzanga, uye madziva okushambira.
  • [ Mitero yepano nemitero yepanzvimbo imwe [ — mitero yezvinhu, mitero yokutengesa (kazhinji kazhinji inogoverana nehurumende), uye mitero yemvumo kana kuti mabasa.

Dare reguta kana kuti kondirasi yeruwa isangano romutemo rinogona kupindira zviri nyore zvikurusa, uye zvisarudzo zvaro zvinogona kutapura mipimo yezvinhu zvako, kuderedza nguva, uye kunyange izvo zvokudya unogona kutenga (kana dare richiganhurira zvitoro zvenhevedzano kana kuti mabhegi epurasitiki). Uku kuva pedyo kunoreva kuti kazhinji kazhinji ihurumende yomunzvimbomo mwero uri nyore zvikurusa kuti vagari vemo vapesvedzere pesvedzero.

Kuwiriraniswa Kunoita Zvisarudzo Zvenyika, Hurumende, uye Zvomunzvimbomo Paupenyu Hwezuva Nezuva

Vanhu vakawanda havaoni “hurumende” sechikamu chimwe chete. Panzvimbo pezvo, vanobatana netsvina yemasangano, mitemo, uye zvirongwa. Rangarira mangwanani evhiki evhiki:

  • Wachi yearamu inogona kuiswa kunguva inotarisirwa neNational Institute of Direfect and Technology yehurumende.
  • Kufamba papombi kunochera mvura muchinhu chinobatsira chenyika chinotevera zvose zviri zviviri mvura isingaenzaniswi nemitemo yeSafe Save Towater Act yehurumende.
  • Unofamba nemotokari yako mumigwagwa inogadzirwa neguta (nzvimbo yacho), nyika (mugwagwa mukuru wepamusoro), kana kuti hurumende yehurumende.
  • Bhazi rechikoro romwana wenyu rinotevera mitemo yekotsekano yakagadzwa nehurumende yose iri miviri (nzvero) nehurumende yehurumende (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration).
  • Chikoro chacho chimene chinoshanda mumipimo yezvidzidzo zvehurumende, mitemo yedare rezvikoro romunzvimbomo, uye mitemo inorwisana netsvina yehurumende (Tit IX, IDEA).

Iyi mitoro inotsiva inoreva kuti nhau yetsika imwe chete yavose ($8, inobatanidza mitanho yose mitatu. Mutemo weFederal unogovera mari nokuda kwavadzidzi vakaderera vanowana mari (Tit) uye unodzivirira vadzidzi vane urema (Vane Mitemo yeMitemo yeMitemo yePregialism). Hurumende inogadza mipimo yedzidzo uye inopa mugove mukurusa wemari yechikoro kupfurikidza nemiitiro. Ruwa rwechikoro runobhadharo vadzidzisi, vanosarudza mabhuku, uye vanotarisira zvivako. Apo mubereki anoda kuchinja kuti chikoro chavana vake chinofamba sei, kazhinji vanofanira kufamba mumugwagwa wose: kuendesa chikoro, kunyorera dhipatimendi yedzidzo yehurumende, uye zvichida kukumbira kuti chichinjire mutemo wehurumende.

Mienzaniso Chaiyoiyo Yenyika Yetapuro Dzehurumende

Kuwana Kurapwa

Act yeAfforditable Care Act (ACA), mutemo wehurumende, wakaita tsinhano dzeinishuwarenzi youtano nedzinokudzwa Medicaid erigion. Zvisinei, chisarudzo cha 2012 Dare Gurusa chakaita kuti kufutunuka kweMedicaid kuve kwokusasarudzwa nokuda kwenyika. Somuuyo, mari shoma inotakurwa inova yakaderera muNew York (iyo yakakudzwa) ichava yakasununguka kana kuti yakaderera yeIndasitorendi yemari, nepo munhu mumwe cheteyo muTexas (iyo haina) inowira mukaha mupfumvu yepfuudzo. Mukati Hurumende youtano yavose ingagona kupa makiriniki yapachena kana kuti kudzivirirazve kuwanikwa. Muitiro mumwe chetewo nokuda kweyamuyamuko yezvokudya (SPAPN ihurumende inoitwa, asi unoita kuti ive mitemo uye uronge (mari yedzimba, kudzorongedze zvivako zvedzimba).

Kudzorwa Kwemhoteredzo

Mipimo yemhepo yakachena yakagadzwa neUnited States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inoda kuti nyika dzipedze gadziriro dzokuita. California, nesangano rayo chairo rehurumende resaizi rekusafanana (CARB), inoisa mipimo yemipimo yetsinga yemuswero mukuru kupfuura mvumo yakapiwa neCongress. Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo ipapo dzinoshandisa kuronga pasi remotokari uko kunogona kuderedza makiromita anofamba, somuenzaniso kupfurikidza nokubvumira kuvandudziko yakanyanya, inopfumbira. Munhu anogara muPortland, Oregon, anofema mhepo yakachena kupfuura mumwe munhu ari muguta risina kugamuchira miitiro yakadaro yakabatana, nemhaka yezviito zvose.

Ruramisiro Youtsotsi Nechibvumirano

Mitemo mizhinjisa youtsotsi imitemo yehurumende. Mupurisa weguta anodzika mitemo yomutemo mukurwisana nokuba kana kuti kudenha, asi basa ravo rinoshanda mumitemo yomunzvimbomo pamusoro pokushandisa mitemo yomutumbi, makamera, uye utarisiri hwenzanga. Kuchengetwa kwomutemo weFederal kunogona kupinda nokuda kwoutsotsi hwehurumende, kuputswa kwekodzero dzavagari vemo, kana kuti nhau munyika yehurumende (mapaki enyika yose, zvisakiso zvehondo). Hurumende yehurumende inogoverawo mari kumadhipati emapurisa omunzvimbomo kupfurikidza namapurogiramu akafanana naEdwarne Memorial Justice Active Grant. Nokudaro, mutsigiridzi wekuvandudza anogona kumanikidza panguva imwe chete nokuda kwechinjo padare reguta, chibvumirano chehurumende, uye U.

Makepi, Dzikamo, uye Kuderera KwechiFederalism

Chimwe chikonzero nei hurumende ichinzwa kuva yakaoma ndechokuti mwero haishandi mukuparadzana. Bumbiro reMitemo reU.S. rinopa masimba akati chose chose kuhurumende yehurumende yehurumende (mari, kuzivisa hondo) uye kuchengetera mamwe kunyika (sarudzo yebhizimisi, dzoutano nekotsekano). Asi masimba mazhinji anogoverwa: dzose dziri mbiri hurumende dzehurumende nehurumende dzinogona kubhadhara mutero, kukwereta, uye kuvaka migwagwa. Apo rwisano dzinomuka, Dare Rapamusorosoro rinowanzovagadzikisa (somuchinoitika chokunyoreswa pamutemo kwemba, apo mitemo yehurumende inobvumira kushandisa varaidzo inorwisana neSubstances Acts.

Kana mvura yomutaundi rako yakasvibiswa, iko kushandisirwa kwemvura yomunzvimbomo nokuda kwokukundikana kuirapa?

Nzira Dzokushandisa Nadzo Nhamburiko Iri Yose

Kuvimbisana hakungogumiri pakuvhota makore maviri kana mana oga oga, asi kunotoda kuvaka ukama nevanhu vanoita zvisarudzo uye kunzwisisa kwokumanikidza kuchinja.

Kubatana neHurumende Yehurumende

  • Kuonana nemitezo yako yeCongress. Mugari wemo ari wose ane vamiririri vaviri uye mumiriri mumwe. Unogona kudana, email, kana kuti kunyorera kumahofisi avo oruwa. Legislative divition reflarence paitswords chaidzo; runhare rwapamuhove runogona kuparira pesvedzero. ([[FLT:]] Kuwana vamiririri vako paUSA.gov])
  • Tsinhiro dzavose [ pamirau inokarakadzwa kupfurikidza nedare rokuita mutemo rehurumende (Puramisidzo.gov). Zvirongwa zvakafanana neEPA neBato reDhipatimendi reDzidzo zvinofanira kuhwirudzura mirau yavose pamberi pemiraudzo inopedzisa.
  • Paricipate musarudzo yomubatanidzwa. Sarudzo dzaPurezidhendi dzinowana ngwariro hurusa, asi sarudzo yapakati penhambo dzinosarudza dzikamo yeCongress uye dzinogona kuva dzakafanana nemuuyo womuitiro.
  • Kuderera kana kuti kutsigira masangano enyika anodzorwa nokuda kwesimba rehurumende ayo anotarisira mutemo wehurumende(magen’a akaita seChinzwano chavakadzi Voters, American Civil Libereties Union, kana kuti chinyorwa chamavhenganiswa ane mativi mana.

Kubatana neHurumende

  • Dare rinofanira kutongwa napauriri hwechirongwa chehurumende yako. Dzimba zhinji dzenyika dzinopa matura mapenyu namatura akarekodwa. Unogona kuisa chiratidzo kuti upupurire pamitero inotapura nzanga yako.
  • Kubatanidza nyika yako nomutezo wegungano. Nemhaka yokuti maruwa ehurumende maduku kupfuura ehurumende, ungakuwana kuri nyore kuvaka ukama netsvimbo yawo kana kuti kunyange kusangana nomuiti wemitemo pachinoitika chomunzvimbomo. ([[FL:]Funga chibvumirano chehurumende yako kupfurikidza neNCL[FL:3])
  • Kuronga nezvirongwa zvehurumende. Nyika zhinji dzinobvumira vagari vemo kukarakadza nokuvhota mitemo zvakananga kupfurikidza nokutanga nokuvhota. Ichi chishandiso chine simba zvikuru chokuchinja mutemo apo masangano emitemo anenge asingagamuchiri.
  • Kubatira padare rehurumende kana kuti konsiti. Hurumende dzinotarisira mazana emabhodhi okupa ngwariro panhau dzakadai sezvakatipoteredza, dzidzo yakakwirira, uye magorokotera. Zvibvumirano zvinowanzozarukira vanhu.

Kubatana neHurumende Yomunzvimbomo

  • Admid kauni yeguta kana kuti misangano yenyika. Vazhinjisa vanova nenhambo dzetsinhiro dzavose dzenguva dzose. Kunyange kana ukangoteerera, uchadzidza kuti zvisarudzo zvinoitwa sei. Misangano yakawanda zvino yava yakavhengana ([[FLT:]Funga hurumende yako yomunzvimbomo kupfurikidza neNational League of Cities)
  • Kubatira padare romunzvimbomo kana kuti dare.[[FL:1] mabhodhi okuronga, mapuranga okukumbira, mapuranga ezvikoro, mapepa epakamira, uye mabhodhi eraibhurari nguva dzose ari kutsvaka vazvipiri. Nzvimbo idzi dzisingabhadharwi dzinokupa pesvedzero yakananga pamuitiro womunzvimbomo.
  • Vanyuro musarudzo dzomunzvimbomo. Turmout nokuda kwesarudzo dzomunzvimbomo inozivikanwa nembiri yakaderera zvikuru (kazhinji kazhinji pasi pe 20% kunyange mumaguta makuru. Vhoti yako ine uremu hukuru zvikuru kupfuura musarudzo yapurezidhendi.
  • tsaura panhau dzomunharaunda. Nzira yakaputsika, mharadzano ine ngozi, kana kuti chimuko chinokarakadzwa chinogona kuitwa kupfurikidza nokuumba mubatanidzwa womunzvimbomo kana kuti kuunganidza siginicha nokuda kwechikumbiro kudare reguta.
  • Shandisa mitemo yakavhurika[ (shanduro yehurumende yako yerusununguko rwemashoko Act) kukumbira magwaro anobva kumasangano omunzvimbomo. Ikoku kunogona kuratidza kuti zvisarudzo zvakaitwa sei uye kana mitemo yaiteverwa.

Tsika Yechikwata: Chikonzero Nei Ichikosha

One of the most dispiriting forces in moderndemocracy ipfungwa yokuti hurumende iri kure uye haisvikiki. Zvokwadi ndeyokuti hurumende haisi mubatanidzwa mumwe chete asi muunganidzwa wemabhora anororowa, akawanda acho anowanika zvikuru. Musangano weguta unowanzova kure neawa pausiku hweChipiri; email yemuiti wemitemo iri paIndaneti; mupi wehurumende anotora maminiti 15 kuti apinde. Mhinganidzo yacho haisi yomuviri asi yepfungwa, ipfungwa yokuti gadziriro yacho yakakura zvikuru zvokusagona kupesvedzerwa nomunhu mumwe chete.

Asi nhau inoratidza zvakasiyana. Sangano rekodzero dzavagari vemo, sangano remhoteredzo, uye kurwira kuenzana kweroorano zvose zvakabudirira nemhaka yokuti vanhuwo zvavo vaibatanidza nguva dzose pamwero inoverengeka: mirau inodenha nzanga yomunzvimbomo, kusunda matare okugadza mitemo anorwisana nekusaruramisira, uye pakupedzisira kumanikidza kuti Dare rigadziridze nyika. Paunopinda musangano wedare rechikoro kana kuti kunyorera mumiririri wako wenyika, uri kupfuurira negamuchidzanwa iroro.

mhedziso

Kunzwisisa kuti Hurumende dzinotapura sei upenyu hwako, matare ehurumende, uye horo dzeguta hazvisi zivo yevagari vemo inoshanda. Hurumende yehurumende inoisa gadziriro yakafara nokuda kwekodzero, chengeteko, uye kutengeserana kwenyika. Hurumende dzinozadza udzame padzidzo, utano, uye zvivako. Hurumende dzinopa mabasa ezuva nezuva anoita kuti nzanga dzive dzakachengeteka nedzisingakuvadzi. Mwero mumwe nomumwe une simba rawo, uye mwero mumwe nomumwe unoita chimwe chinhu, nenzira isina kukwana asi yechokwadi, kuvagari vemo. Nokudzidza nzira yokushandisa kudzora uye nguva ipi, unogona kubetsera kuumba zvisarudzo zvinodzora mhuri yako, nharaunda yako, uye nguva yemberi.