Table of Contents
Federalist Papers imire somumwe wemiunganidzwa inopesvedzera zvikurusa yamanyoro ezvamatongerwe enyika munhau yeAmerica. Yakanyorwa naAlexander Hamilton, James Madison, uye John Jay pasi pechikamu chezita renhema renhema rinonzi "Publius" kusimudzira kuumbwa kweBumbiro remitemo reUnited States, idzi rondedzero dzinogovera nzwisiso huru munheyo dzehurumende, mutemo, uye gadziriro yebumbiro remitemo inopfuurira kuumba hurumende yeAmerica nepesvedzero yemifungo yezvamatongerwe enyika munyika yose. Kunzwisisa icho Federation Papers inodzidzisa pamusoro pehurumende nomutemo kunoda kunzvera kwete bedzi mugariro wavo wenhau asi mamiriro ezvinhu avo enguva dzose okutonga kwapanguva ino.
Nhoroondo Nemavambo Emabhuku Akanyorwa Nevanhu
Federalist Papers inhevedzano yenhau 85 dzakanyorwa naAlexander Hamilton, John Jay, uye James Madison pakati paOctober 1787 naMay 1788. Nhauro dzakabuda mukati menhambo yakaoma munhau yeAmerica, kutevera Convention yeBumbiro remitemo muPhiladelphia iyo yakagumisa pana September 17, 1787. Bumbiro reMitemo richangobva kukarakadzwa rakatarisana nechishoro chinokosha, zvikurukuru munyika huru nene pesvedzero dzakadai seNew York neVirginia.
Nhevedzano makumi manomwe dzokutanga dzenhau idzi dzakabudiswa munhevedzano muIndependent Journal, New York Packet, uye Daily Adversitorr pakati paOctober 1787 naApril 1788. Kukurumidzira kwekurukurirano yokukwidziridza kwakasunda kubudiswa kunokurumidza kwenhau idzi, vanyori vanoshanda pasi pemisi inoshanda nesimba kuti vadavire kutso nokunyengetedza vagari vemo vanopanikirika. Donzo renhau dzacho rakanga riri rokupwisa vagari veNew York kuti vasarumbidze nhume dzekokorodzano dzinodavirira kuruwa ruwaraviso rweUnited States Constitution, uye rondedzero dzakakurumidza kudhindwa muchimiro chebhuku mumavhoriyamu ma178.
Vanyori Nemipiro Yavo
Vanyori vatatu vakaunza mifungo yakasiana namano kugadziriro yacho. Hamilton akanyora nhamba 1, 629, 11-13, 15-17, 21-36, 59-61, uye 6585; Madison, nhamba 10, 14, 188520, 37-588, uye 6263; uye Jay, nhamba 2 ne649 ne 64. Alexander Hamilton, akatanga chirongwa chacho, akabetsera rondedzero dzakawanda dzine nyaya 51. James Madison akanyora rondedzero 29, kubatanidza zvimwe zvezvidimbudzo zvinokosha zvikurusa. John Jay, uyo gare gare gare akava Mutongi Mukuru weUnited States, akagovera rondedzero shanu, zvikurukuru pamusoro penhau dzokunze neukama hwamarudzi akawanda.
Chisarudzo chokunyora pasi penodian "Publius" chakabatira madonzo akawanda. Panguva yokubudiswa, vanyori veThe Federalist Papers vakaedza kuvanza ufakazi hwavo nemhaka yaHamilton naMadison vapinda kokorodzano. Uku kusazivikanwa kwakabvumira nharo kumira pamipimo yavo vamene panzvimbo pokutongwa pahwaro hwemikurumbira yomunhu oga kana kuti nzvimbo dzezvamatongerwe enyika. Zita "Publius" rimene rakasanosarudzwa, rinonongedzera kuPublius Publioblius Publius Publius Publiblitolaola, muvambi weRiphabliki yaizivikanwa nokuda kwezvakanaka zvake zveRiphabliki.
Donzo Nebasa Remapepa Anoongorora Kushanda
Mapepa eFederalist akashanda madonzo akawanda akarebeswa kupfuura kudzorwa kwakapfava kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Pamwero wawo mukurusa, akavavarira kuchengetedza kusimbiswa kweBumbiro remitemo muNew York, nyika umo chishoro chakasimba zvikuru. zvisinei, rondedzero dzacho dzakashandawo setsananguro dzakajeka dzenheyo dzemitemo, dziviriro mukurwisana netsoropodzo dzakananga, uye rondedzero dzouzivi pamusoro porudzi rwehurumende yeRepublic.
Kugadzirisa Kusava Nesimba Kwenyaya Dzokuyananisa
Hamilton, Jay naMadison vakataura kuti kupiwa simba kwaivapo muNhevedzano dzeConfederation kwakadzivisa nyika itsva kuva yakasimba zvakakwana kuti ikwikwidzane munyika kana kuti kubvisa kumukira kwomukati kwakadai seShays’s Region. The Artings of Confederation, chinyorwa chokutanga chinodzora cheAmerica, chakanga chaparira kubatanidzwa kwakasununguka kwehurumende nehurumende yepakati isina simba rokudzora mutero, kana kuti kudzora zvisarudzo zvayo nenzira inobudirira.
Mapepa eFederalism akapa chipanduko chavarimi vane chikwereti 1786-87 muMassachusetts yokumadokero kweMassachusetts − Shays’s Reugion(sechiratidzo cheiyi njodzi yakafara. Uku kumukira kwakaratidzira kusakwanisa kwegadziriro yehurumende iripo kuchengeta nhevedzano nokudzivirira maruramiro ezvinhu, kuchipa kurumidziro kugadziriro yehurumende yakasimba zvikuru.
Kunyengetedza Vanhu Vanopokana
Vanyori vacho vakatarisana nebasa rakaoma rokuva vagari vomunyika vanopwisa vakanga vachangobva kurwisa chinjo mukurwisana nechiremera chapakati kuti vagamuchire hurumende itsva, ine simba zvikuru. Gakava pakati pe "Féderalists," uyo akada kuiswa kweBumbiro remitemo sezvarakanyorwa, uye "Antifederalists," avo vakashora Bumbiro reMitemo ndokudzivisa kupa masimba akasimba zvikuru kuhurumende yenyika, rakanga rakanyanya kusimba muNew York, umo chishoro kuBumbiro reMitemo chakanga chakasimba zvikuru.
Vairwisa njodzi vakamutsa itiro hanya dzapamutemo pamusoro pebviro yeudzvinyiriri, kushayikwa kwegweta rekodzero, uye ngozi yokuti hurumende yorudzi iri kure yaizova isingagamuchiri zvinodikanwa zvomunzvimbomo nezvinonetsa.
Nheyo Dzemitemo dzeHurumende Mumapepa Akarongwa Nehurumende
Mapepa ehurumende anorondedzera nheyo dzinokosha dzinoverengeka dzehurumende dzazova nheyo dzerondedzero yemitemo yeAmerica nokushandisa.Idzi nheyo dzinoratidzira zvose zviri zviviri uchenjeri hunoshanda hwezvamatongerwe enyika nokurangarira kwouzivi kwakaoma pamusoro pohunhu, simba, uye rusununguko.
Kuparadzana Kwesimba
Imwe yenheyo dzehurumende dzinokosha zvikurusa dzinotsanangurwa muFederalist Papers kuparadzaniswa kwamasimba pakati pamapazu matatu akasiyana ehurumende: mitemo, mutungamiriri, uye mutongi. urwu rutivi rwakagadzirirwa kudzivisa kuiswa kwesimba musangano ripi neripi kana kuti munhu mumwe, nenzira iyoyo kuchidzivirira rusununguko nokudzivisa udzvinyiriri.
Bazu rehurumende rine simba rokuita mitemo, rinoda simba uye kutsunga, rinoisa mitemo iyoyo. Bazu rokutonga, rinoda kuzvimirira uye unyanzvi, rinodudzira mitemo uye rinopedza magakava.
Hamilton akagumisa rondedzero dzeFederalst nenyaya 21 dzinoongorora zvikamu 21 masimba aiitwa namapazu matatu ehurumende(__legislatitive, mukuru mukuru nomutongi.) idzi rondedzero dzakagovera tsananguro dzine udzame pamusoro penzira iyo bazu rimwe nerimwe raizoshanda nayo uye chikonzero nei kuparadzirwa kunokarakadzwa kwamasimba kwakava nomufungo nokuda kweridzimu idzva.
Makeja Nedzikamo
Yakasanobatana nokuparadzaniswa kwamasimba igadziriro yokunzvera nedzikamo, iyo inovimbisa kuti bazu rimwe nerimwe rehurumende rine mano okuganhurira zviito zvemamwe.Iyi nheyo inoziva kuti kungoparadzanisa chete masimba hakuna kukwana; mapazi anofanirawo kuva nemitoo nesundo zvokudzivisa kupindira pachiremera chawo.
Mugadziri weFederal N. 39 ne 51 vanoonesa nheyo huru dzehurumende neparadzano yamasimba, necherekedzo nedzikamo zviri madikanwa zvakarongedzerwa kudzivisa udzvinyiriri. Mugadziri weFederal No. 51, rakanyorwa naMadison, ane kumwe kwokuumbwa kusingakanganwiki zvikurusa kweiyi nheyo. Madison akanyora nenzira inowirirana muFederal muFederal 51: "Kudai vanhu vaiva ngirozi, hapana hurumende yaizova iri madikanwa".
Nhevedzo nedzikamo zvinoshanda pamwero yakawanda. Congress inogona kuisa mitemo, asi Purezidhendi anogona kuidzosa, uye Congress anogona kukurira mativi makuru. Purezidhendi anogadza vatongi navakuru vakuru vakuru, asi Dare rinofanira kuvasimbisa. Vatongi vanogona kuzivisa mitemo isiri yemitemo, asi Congress nehurumende zvinogona kushandura Bumbiro remitemo. Iyi ganhuriro yakaoma kunzwisisa inoita kuti pave nedzikamo ichengetedze rusununguko apo inoita kuti ishande Hurumende inobudirira.
Kushanda Muchishandirapamwe Nokukamukana Kwesimba
Kuparadzaniswa uku kwakananga kwamasimba kunobatanidza kuparadzana kwakakwara pakati pamapazu matatu, kuchigadzira dziviriro dzokuwedzera nokuda kworusununguko nokukwanisa kudzora pazvikero zvakakodzera.
Vanyori vemapepa eFederalist vakapikisa kuti pave nokuwedzera mu "energy" yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende kuti iite chimwe chinhu panjodzi, asi simba rehurumende yenyika rakawedzerwa raifanira kuvakirwa munheyo dzehurumende dzoga dzochengeta kuparadzirwa kwesimba kwehurumende. Nhauro dzacho dzakatsanangura nokungwarira kuti masimba api aizova ehurumende yenyika uye aizoramba aripo, dzichitaura kuti boka iri raizochengetedza uchangamire nepo richigonesa nyika kugadzirisa zvinetso zveboka rose.
Chivako chehurumende chinobatira madonzo akawanda. Chinobvumira kuedza uye mhatsa mumiitiro mumativi enyika akasiyana - siyana. Chinochengeta hurumende iri pedyo zvikuru navanhu nokuda kwemabasa akawanda. Chinogovera imwe nzvero pasimba kupfurikidza nokuva nechokwadi chokuti hurumende dzenyika kana kuti dzehurumende hadzigoni kuita pasina kumanikidzirwa. Uye inogonesa rudzi kutaura nenzwi rimwe panhau dzeitiro hanya yenyika nepo ruchiremekedza chiremera chomunzvimbomo panhau dzoukoshi hwomunzvimbomo.
Kutsigira Republic uye Hurumende Inomiririra
Federalist Papers inoita nhau ine simba nokuda kwehurumende yeRepublic / zvinotonga nevamiririri vakasarudzwa panzvimbo pokutungamirira hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.Vanyori vacho vanosiyanisa pakati pehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu chaiyo, umo vagari vemo vanoita zvisarudzo zvose zvakananga, uye republic, umo vamiririri vanosarudza vamiririri kuti vavasarudzire.
Hamilton, Jay naMadison vakashandisa rondedzero dzeFederalst kutsanangura gadziriro huru dzeBumbiro reMitemo rakakarakadzwa, pamwe chete norudzi rwechimiro chehurumende yehurumende yehurumende.
Vatsoropodzi vakataura kuti hurumende yehurumende yeparabhuriki yaigona kushanda mundima duku umo vagari vemo vaizivana uye vaigona kutora rutivi zvakananga mukudzora.
Chinetso Chechokwadi Nha.
Pakati peFederalist Papers dzose, Nhamba 10 inotanhamara zvichida seyakakurumbira zvikurusa uye ine revo youzivi. Yakanyorwa naJames Madison, iyi nhauro inotaura chimwe chezvinetso zvikuru zvehurumende yedemokrasi: nzira yokudzivisa nayo mapoka kusekesa zvakanaka zvavose nezvishomanene zvinodzvinyirira.
Kunzwisisa Chokwadi
Mutsigiri wehurumende Nhamba 10 akanyorwa naJames Madison anokurukura chinetso chemapoka uye kuti republic huru inogona sei kuderedza miuyo yawo kupfurikidza nokuderedza pesvedzero yawo.Madison akarondedzera pfundo seboka ravagari vemo rakabatanidzwa nefariro kana kuti chishuvo chakafanana icho chisina kunaka kumaruramiro evamwe vagari vemo kana kuti kufariro yechigarire dzenzanga.
Madison akaziva kuti mapoka anomuka murudzi rworusununguko rwomunhu amene. Vanhu vane mirangariro yakasiana - siana, fariro dzakasiana, uye zvitsama zvakasiyana zvezvinhu. Uku kusiyana nenzira yomuzvarirwo kunoparira kuumbwa kwamapoka ane fariro dzinokwikwidzana. Kuedza kubvisa mapoka kupfurikidza nokudzvinyirira rusununguko kungava kwakaipa zvikuru kupfuura hosha, sezvo rusununguko ruchikosha kuupenyu hwezvamatongerwe enyika. Naizvozvo, denho haisati iri yokubvisa mapoka asi kudzora miuyo yawo.
Mushonga Wakawedzerwa weRepublic
Mu "Federalist 10," Madison akaramba chitendero chaizivikanwa navose panguva iyeyo chokuti hurumende yeRepublic yaibvira bedzi nokuda kwenyika duku, achitaura kuti dzikamo, rusununguko, uye ruramisiro zvingawanwa munharaunda huru ine chiverengero chavagari vemo vazhinji uye vasingawirirani. Ichochi chibvumikiso chakadenha zvakananga uchenjeri hwenguva yacho, uhwo hwaidavira kuti marepublic aigona bedzi kupukunyuka munzanga duku, dzemaSayeni.
Madison airangarira noungwaru. Muripabhuriki duku, boka rimwe ringagona kuva ruzhinji nokushandisa simba raro kudzvinyirira vashoma. Zvisinei, muRepublic huru, yakatambanudzwa, mhatsa yefariro inokuita kuti kuve kwakaoma zvikuru kuti sangano ripi neripi riwane udzori hwakawanda. Namapoka akawanda anokwikwidzanira pesvedzero, mapoka anofanira kuvakwa kupfurikidza nokubvumiranisa zvinhu uye kuvaka, kudzivirira maruramiro mashoma uye kusimudzira zvakanaka zvakafanana.
Madison akati, zviri nyore kuti pfungwa iyi ive yakasimba, ichipesvedzera kufunga nezvokutonga kwehurumende dzinosarudzwa nevanhu kupfuura kudarika kwevokuAmerica.
Basa Rokumirira
Kunyange zvazvo ichiwanzoonekwa sechitsotsi pamutemo wevakawanda, chaizvoizvo rondedzero yacho inodzivirira zvose zviri zviviri kutsigira nzanga, upfumi, uye tsika dzakawanda uye kuwanda kwevanhu vakawanda vanoumbwa nokubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira uye nokubatana.Madison akataura kuti kumiririra vanhu kwaizovandudza uye kuwedzera maonero avo nokuapa nokungovapa ruzhinji runenge rwakasarudzwa rwevagari vemo vane uchenjeri uye kutsigira nyika yavo kwaizonyatsonzwisisa kufarira kwechokwadi kwenyika yacho.
Gadziriro yemimiririri inoshanda sebutiro, ichisarudza vanhu vane mukana mukuru wokuva nemavara anodiwa kuti vadzorerwe zvakanaka.Apo nyika yacho yakawedzerwa inovimbisa kuti vamiririri vanofanira kufadza zviremera zvakasiyana - siyana, vachidzivisa kufarira kuduku kupi nokupi kudzora zvamatongerwe enyika.
Mupepeti Nhamba 51: Gadziriro yeHurumende
Mutungamiriri wehurumende Nhamba 51, akanyorwawo naMadison, anotsigira Madison N. 10, kupfurikidza nokutsanangura kuti chimiro chehurumende imene chinopa sei dziviriro muudzvinyiriri. Nepo Nhamba 10 ichinangidzira ngwariro pakudzora miuyo yehurumende kupfurikidza nehurumende yakarebeswa, Nhamba 51 inotsanangura kuti chimiro chomukati chehurumende chinoparira sei dziviriro dzokuwedzera.
Chido Chokurwisa Kuda Kuda Kupfuura
Nzwisiso huru yaFederal Purtist No. 51 ndeyokuti zvishuvo zvomunhu oga zvavamiriri vebasa zvinogona kuiswa mudhuri kuti vadzivirire gadziriro yebumbiro remitemo. Madison akataura kuti bazu rimwe nerimwe rehurumende rinofanira kuva nemitoo nevavariro zvokudzivisa kupindira kwemamwe mapazu. Kupfurikidza nokupa bazu rimwe nerimwe udzo padzimwe uye kuita kuti rimwe nerimwe ritsigire pamitengo yakasiana - siana, Bumbiro reMitemo rinovimbisa kuti vezvamatongerwe enyika vane maruramiro avo esangano richadzivirira maruramiro avo.
Uyu murangariro wechokwadi wohunhu unobvuma kuti hatigoni kutsamira parunako bedzi kuti tichengete hurumende yebumbiro remitemo. Panzvimbo pezvo, gadziriro yacho inofanira kushanda norudzi rwomunhu sezvakuri, ichishandisa zvishuvo zvimene nokuzvifadza izvo zvingatyisidzira rusununguko kuidzivirira panzvimbo pezvo. Gadziriro yacho inorangarira kuti vanhu vachaita mufariro yavo vamene namasangano zvokuti mufambiro wokuzvifadza unoparira miuyo yakanaka nokuda kwenzanga.
Kuchengeteka Kuviri Kwamaruramiro
Federal Purest No. 51 inotsanangurawo kuti unani hwehurumende hunogovera sei dziviriro yokuwedzera nokuda kwamaruramiro omunhu oga. Madison akarangarira kuti kukamukana kwesimba pakati pehurumende dzorudzi nehurumende kunoparira "chengeteko yakapetwa kaviri" nokuda kwamaruramiro avanhu. Vatsvaki vesimba havafaniri bedzi kukurira nzvero nedzikamo mukati momwero mumwe nomumwe wehurumende, asi vanofanirawo kurwisana nokukamukana kwesimba pakati pamamwero.
Kuwanda kwefariro muhurumende yacho yakawedzerwa kunobatanidza nyika yeRepublic kunoita kuti zviome zvikuru kuti sangano ripi neripi kana kuti fariro idzorerwe panzvimbo dzose dzesimba dzinodikanwa kutyisidzira rusununguko.
Murongi Wehurumende Nha. 78: Bazu Rokutonga Nehwirudzuro Yedare
Alexander Hamilton's Federal List No. 78 inonangidzira ngwariro kubazu redare, iro vazhinji vairangarira kuva bazu rehurumende risina kusimba nerisingatongokuvadziko. Federal mustricium N. 78 anotsanangura basa redare noukoshi hwehwirudzuro. Iyi rondedzero yakaronga hwaro hwechimwe chamativi anokosha zvikurusa omutemo wemitemo yeAmerica: simba rematare rokuzivisa mitemo isiri hurumende.
Bazu Remhuka Rine Ngozi
Hamilton akataura kuti dare redare raizova bazi rine ngozi duku nemhaka yokuti harina simba rechikwama (sechipo chomutemo) kana kuti simba romunondo (semutungamiriri mukuru). Vatongi vane rutongeso bedzi, uye vanofanira kutsamira pamamwe mapazu kuti vatsigire zvisarudzo zvavo. Uku kuneta, Hamilton akakarakadza, kwakaita kuti kuve kunokosha zvikuru kupa vatongi upenyu nedziviriro yomubhadharo, kuvadzivirira padzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika.
Hwaro Hwokuhwirudzura
Mumunzveri weFederal No. 78 Hamilton anoisa nenzira yokunyengetedza hwaro hwedzidziso yehwirudzuro yedare rehurumende. Hamilton akarangarira kuti Bumbiro reMitemo mutemo wapakuvamba wakatangwa navanhu, uye kuti mutemowo zvawo haugoni kurikurira. Apo mutemo unorwisana neBumbiro remitemo, vatongi vanofanira kuda Bumbiro remitemo somutemo mukuru.
Iri simba rokuhwirudzura rinoita kuti mutongi ave mukuru kudare remitemo, Hamilton akarevedzera, asi panzvimbo pezvo anoita kuti vose vari vaviri vave pasi pavanhu vakatanga Bumbiro reMitemo. Vatongi havasi kuraira kuda kwavo vamene asi panzvimbo pezvo vari kusimbisa kuda kwavanhu sokunotaurwa mumutemo mukuru. Uku kutaura kwakagovera hwaro hwerondedzero hwekutaura kwedare reDare Rapamusoro rehwirudzuro muMarbury v. Madison muna 1803.
Kuzvimirira Nekuzvidira
Upenyu hunobvumira vatongi kutanga unyanzvi uhu uye kuita zvisarudzo zvakavakirwa pamutemo panzvimbo pekunatsiridzwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Nepo ikoku kuchidzivirira vatongi mukuzvidavirira kwakananga kwehurumende, kunodzivirirawo maruramiro omunhu oga muudzvinyiriri hukuru.
Dzimwe Nheyo Nemisoro Zvinokosha
Nepo mutungamiriri wehurumende Nos. 10, 51, uye 78 vachiwana ngwariro hurusa, dzimwe rondedzero dzakawanda muhuwanirano dzinotaura mativi anokosha ehurumende nomutemo izvo zvinopfuurira kupesvedzera kufunga kwebumbiro remitemo.
Kudiwa Kwokubatana
Federal Federal Nos. 1-14 inoramba kuti kupukunyuka kweUnion kunotsamira pahurumende huru kuti ipedze nhau dzakadai sedziviriro, kutengeserana, uye ukama hwenyika. Iyi rondedzero yapakuvamba inoita kuti nhau yokuti hurumende dzisagona nenzira inobudirira kupedza zvinetso zveboka pasina hurumende yenyika yakasimba zvikuru. Dzinokurukura ngozi dzepesvedzero dzokumwe, betsero dzemiitiro yezvokutengeserana yakabatana, uye ngozi dzerwisano pakati pehurumende.
Simba Remisangano
Pashure pokusimbisa utera hwehurumende yepakati mukuchengetwa kwomutemo pasi peZvikamu zveConfederation in Federal 21-22, Hamilton njiva mudziviriro yakakwana yeBumbiro reMitemo rinokarakadzwa munhau 14 dzinotevera, achipa nomwe dzadzo kuukoshi hwesimba rehurumende remitero. Nhetembo idzi dzinotsanangura chikonzero nei hurumende yenyika ichida manyuko emari yakazvimirira uye kuti simba rokubhadharira mutero ringashandiswa sei nenzira ine chiremera.
Bazu Rine Vatungamiriri
Federal Munstrori N. 70 inodzivirira kudikanwa kwemukuru mumwe (Mutungamiriri) kuvimbisa kuzvidavirira nokudzora kunobudirira. Hamilton akarwisana nezvikarakadzo zvemutungamiriri mukuru kana kuti dare ravakuru vakuru, achiitirana nharo kuti chinzwano mumukuru mukuru chinokosha nokuda kwesimba, kuzvidavirira, uye kutarisirwa kunobudirira. Mutarisiri mumwe anogona kuita nokutsunga nokuvandika zvinodikanwa pane dzimwe nguva nokuda kwokudzora kunobudirira, nepo achiramba achizvidavirira kuvanhu kupfurikidza namasaruti.
Chishoro: Kunetseka Nezvokurwisa Kurwara
Kuti tinzwisise zvizere zvinodzidziswa neFederalist Papers pamusoro pehurumende nomutemo, tinofanirawo kurangarira itiro hanya dzavakanga vachipindura.Vatsoropodzi Vairwisana Nehosha Vakamutsa zvirambidzo zvinokosha zvakaumba gakava racho uye pakupedzisira zvakatungamirira kukugamuchirwa kweBill of Rights.
Kuchinja Kwebhuku Ramaruramiro
Federalist Papers (Nhau 84) inozivikanwa nokuda kwechishoro chavo chakazonzi United States Bill of Rights, sokunyorwa kwayakaitwa Bumbiro Remitemo, sezvo Bumbiro Remitemo, risina kududza kana kuti kudzivirira zvakananga kodzero dzevanhu. Hamilton akataura kuti rugwaro rwekodzero rwakanga rusiri madikanwa nemhaka yokuti Bumbiro remitemo raipa masimba chaiwo, akaganhurirwa bedzi kuhurumende yehurumende, richisiya mamwe masimba ose namaruramiro kuhurumende navanhu.
Iyi tsinhiro pakupedzisira yakabvumikisa kuva isinganyengedzi kuvaAmerica vazhinji, uye chipikirwa chokuwedzera mutongo wamaruramiro chakava chinokosha kukuchengetedza kubviswa kwekodzero munyika dzinoverengeka. Kugadziriswa kwegumi kwokutanga, kwakanyoreswa zvikurukuru naMadison, kwakasimbiswa muna 1791, kuchikurukura itiro hanya dzeAnti-Federarian itiro hanya nepo kwaichengeta gadziriro yehwaro yemitemo inodzivirirwa muFederalist Papers.
Kuitira Hanya Simba Rakapinzwa Munzvimbo Yapakati
Vatsigiri veAntifererian Federalis vakanetseka kuti Bumbiro reMitemo rinokarakadzwa raizoparira hurumende yenyika ine simba zvikuru uye iri kure zvikuru navanhu. Vakatya kuti hurumende dzehurumende dzaizoderedzwa kuva dzisingakoshi uye kuti rusununguko rwomunzvimbomo rwaizotyisidzirwa. Federalist Papers dzakapindura kupfurikidza nokutsanangura kuti unani hwehurumende hwaizochengetedza sei simba rehurumende nepo huchigonesa kudzora kworudzi kunobudirira, uye kuti gadziriro yokumirira yaizochengeta sei hurumende ichiita kuti irambe ichiita chimwe chinhu kuvanhu.
Kutonga Kwechireri Nokutora Rutivi Rwechiito Choubati Ushe Hwehurumende
Mumurangariro wavanyori, varimi nanyanzvi avo vakakwidziridza simba muParamende yemhindumupindu America vakanyanyova vanonyanyova vanocherekedzwa nefariro dzakaganhurirwa dzezvemari nedzeruwa kuti vabatire zvakanaka zvavose, uye yeitiro hanya huru yakanga iri kupfuudzwa nemitemo yehurumende yedare rechikwereti chapurofiti nemitemo yemari yepepa izvo zvakatyisidzira maruramiro enhaka. Uyu murangariro wakaratidzira itiro hanya yavaFederali pamusoro pezvavakaona sehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu sehurumende.
Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinonyora chimiro chechitsinhano cheFederalist Paper nekombamiro yokurerutsa kutora rutivi kwedemocracy, zvichiratidzira kusava nechokwadi kwevarongi vehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu zvakananga. Uku kusawirirana pakati pokutora rutivi kwedemokrasi nokudzora kunobudirira kunoramba kuri nhau yekurukurirano murondedzero yebumbiro remitemo.
Pesvedzero Nenhaka Zvemapepa Anoshandira Nyika
Kokorodzano yeNew York yakasangana muPoughessetie muna June 1788 napaJuly 26 yakavhota ichitsigira kukwenetswa nenzvimbo duku ye 30 kusvikira ku27, nepo rondedzero dzacho dzakabetsera zvamazvirokwazvo uyu muuyo, zvimwe zvinhu (zvurudzo) kubatanidza idi rokuti dzimwe nyika dzakanga dzatotendera − uyewo dzakaita mabasa anokosha.
Tsananguro Yebumbiro reMitemo Ine Simba
Mumavambo ezana ramakore rechi 19, Federalist Papers yakawana utanhamari setsananguro dzine chiremera dzeBumbiro reMitemo, Mutongi Mukurusa John Marshall achiadudza munhau dzechiratidzo chakatanhamara dzakadai seMarbury v. Madison (1803) uye McCulloch v. Maryland (1819). Ikoku kwakavamba mutoo unopfuurira kusvikira kuzuva razvino, nematare nguva dzose aibvunza Federalist Papers kuti anzwisise revo yapakuvamba nedonzo regadziriro dzebumbiro remitemo.
Nhasi, rondedzero dzacho dzinowanzonongedzerwa mumutemo webumbiro remitemo nerondedzero yezvamatongerwe enyika, uye mapepa eFederalist anoramba achirava kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anofunda Bumbiro Remitemo kana kuti uzivi hwezvamatongerwe enyika hweAmerica.
Basa Reunyanzvi Repfungwa Dzematongerwe Enyika
Tsamba dzacho dzinobatanidza uchenjeri hunoshanda hwezvamatongerwe enyika nokufunga kwouzivi kwakaoma kunzwisisa, dzichipindura mibvunzo isingachinji pamusoro pesimba, rusununguko, uye udzori.
Pasinei zvapo nokutsoropodza, Federalist Papers inorumbidzwa segadziriro younyanzvi yenheyo dzehurumende dzinodzora nyika.Idzo dzinoratidzira nzira iyo gadziriro inogona nayo kupinza nayo hunhu kumiuyo inobetsera, nzira iyo mhatsa inogona kusimbisa nayo panzvimbo pokunetesa nyika inosarudzwa navanhu, uye nzira iyo rusununguko nokudzora kunogona kutsinhiraniswa nayo kupfurikidza nokuvakwa kwomutemo kwokungwarira.
Kunetsa Mutemo Wazvino Uno Noudzori
Nheyo dzakajeka muFederalist Papers dzinopfuurira kupesvedzera gadziriro dzapamutemo dzapanguva imwe cheteyo nekurukurirano dzezvamatongerwe enyika.
Kududzira Bumbiro reMitemo
Mapepa eFederalist anoita rutivi runokosha munharo pamusoro pedudziro yebumbiro remitemo. Vanyori vemitemo navanyori vamashoko vanowanzoadudza seufakazi hwerevo yapakuvamba yavose yegadziriro dzebumbiro remitemo. Kunyange avo vanotsigira kuwirirana kwebumbiro remitemo rokurarama vanobvuma ukoshi hwokunzwisisa vavariro dzavagadziri vemiitiro yebumbiro remitemo nezvinetso zvavakanga vachiedza kupedza.
Matare ose anobvunza Mapepa pakududzira gadziriro dzebumbiro remitemo. nhau dzinogovera mashoko akapoteredza okunzwisisa mutauro usina kujeka, nzwisiso muzvinangwa zviri seri kwegadziriro dzakananga, uye ufakazi hwokuti varavi vanoziva panguva yokukwenetswa vaizove vakanzwisisa sei Bumbiro remitemo.Izvozvi zvinoaita zvinhu zvinokosha nokuda kwavatongi, magweta, uye nyanzvi dzinobatanidzwa mukunzvera kwebumbiro remitemo.
Kuparadzana Kwesimba Kunoitwa
Kuparadzana kwamasimba nenzvero nenheyo dzemitemo zvinotsanangurwa muFederalist Papers zvinopfuurira kuronga hurumende yeAmerica uye kuparira kakavadzano dzapamutemo nedzezvamatongerwe enyika.
Nhau dzacho dzinotiyeuchidza kuti kuparadzana kwemasimba hakusi kungova nhau yemitemo yapamutemo chete asiwo kunotsamira pakuda kwebazi rimwe nerimwe kudzivirira kodzero dzaro uye kuramba kupindira kwemamwe.
Kushanda Muchibharo uye Ushamwari Hwehurumende
Chivako chehurumende chinodzivirirwa muFederalist Papers chinoramba chiri rutivi runorondedzera rwehurumende yeAmerica, kunyange zvazvo dzikamo pakati pesimba rorudzi nerehurumende yakachinja zvikuru chifo chokutangwa.
Nhau dzinovambira pamuitiro wokutarisira utano kusvikira kumitemo yemhoteredzo kusvikira kumitemo youtsotsi inonyandura mibvunzo yehurumende.Federalist Papers inogovera gadziriro yokufunga pamusoro pomweroi wakanakisisa wehurumende wakakodzera kupedza zvinetso zvakati uye nzira yokuchengeta nayo betsero dzehurumende nepo ichigonesa udzori hunobudirira.
Kudzivirira Kodzero Dzomunhu Mumwe Nomumwe
Kunyange zvazvo Federalist Papers yakatanga kushora mutemo wekodzero, nharo dzavo pamusoro pekudzivirirwa kwehurumende yakaganhurirwa uye kudzivirirwa kwerusununguko dzichiri kupesvedzera.
Matare anobvuma kuti Bumbiro Remitemo rinodzivirira vanhu pakodzero dzavo rinodzivirira vanhu kuburikidza nezvipikirwa zvakajeka uye kusava nesimba pasimba rehurumende.
Denho Yokuita Zvematongerwe Enyika Azvino Uno
Kuongorora kwaMadison kweboka reCommunist in Federalst N. 10 kunoramba kuchikosha zvikuru mune zvematongerwe enyika zvemazuva ano. Nepo mapoka akati achinja, chinetso chikuru chokudzivisa zvinhu zvishoma kudzora matongerwe enyika chinoramba chiripo. Nhamburiko dzazvino uno pamusoro pokuparadzana, kupesvedzera kwechienzi, uye kupesana kwezvibvumirano zvose zvinowirirana nechinetso chaMadison chakasarudzwa.
Chigadzikiso charefu zvikuru icho Madison akakarakadza (kushandisa ukuru nemhatsa) kudzivisa boka ripi neripi pakuwana udzori) rinopfuurira kushanda mumatongerwe enyika eAmerica, kunyange zvazvo nguva dzose risingashandi zvakanaka seizvo vagadziri vamafomu vaikarira. Kunzwisisa kwaMadison kunotibetsera kufunga pamusoro pechinjo dzingadzora zviri nani miuyo yeidi apo inochengeta rusununguko noudzori hwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.
Hurumende yeRepublic uye Mufananidzo
Kudzivirira kwehurumende inomirira hurumende inomiririra hurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu kunoramba kuri madikanwa munguva yokukurukurirana nokukurumidza uye yokukurukurirana nevanhu. Nepo ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rwakaita kuti kutora rutivi kwakananga kuve nyore kupfuura zvingava zvakafungidzirwa, zvibvumikiso zvokushatisa pfungwa dzevanhu nemasangano anomiririra.
Gakava reNheyo Dzokuvamba pamusoro pechiito chokuda kudzora, unyanzvi mukudzora, uye basa rokurangarira mukuita chisarudzo chedemocracy rinobatanidza zvose zvinokurukurwa muFederalist Papers. Nhauro dzinotiyeuchidza kuti hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu inoda kwete bedzi kutora rutivi kwakakurumbira asiwo zvivako zvesangano zvinosimudzira kurangarira, kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira, uye ngwariro kuzvakanaka zvakarovedzeka.
Pesvedzero Yenyika Yose Nemienzaniso Yakaenzana
Pesvedzero yeFederalist Papers inotambanukira kure kupfuura United States. Vagadziri veBumbiro reMitemo kupota nyika vakafunda idzi nhauro ndokukweverwa panzwisiso dzavo pakugadzira gadziriro itsva dzehurumende. Nheyo dzokuparadzana kwamasimba, nzvero nedzinoyera, hurumende, uye hwirudzuro yedare dzakagamuchirwa, nemisiano, mudzimwe nyika dzakawanda.
Mapepa eFederalist anoratidzira kuti gadziriro yokurongeka inogona sei kupedza denho huru dzehurumende. Anoratidza nzira yokudzikamisa nayo mipimo inokwikwidzanidzana serusununguko nenhevedzano, hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu nedzikamo, chinzwano chenyika nechisarudzo chomunzvimbomo.
Panguva imwe cheteyo, nzvero yokuenzanisa inozivisa kutsauranisa kwenzira yeAmerica inodzivirirwa muFederalist Papers. Dzimwe hurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu dzakagamuchira zvigadzikiso zvakasiana kuzvinetso zvakafanana nechakasiyana - siyana panzvimbo pegadziriro dzapurezidhendi, hurumende dzegadziriro dzehurumende panzvimbo pegadziriro dzehurumende, mitoo yakasiana kuhwirudzuro yedare. Kuenzanisa idzi dzimwe nzvimbo kunotibetsera kunzwisisa zvose zviri zviviri simba neganhuriro zvemitezo yeAmerica yemitemo.
Maonero Ane Zvaasingakwanisi Kuita
Nepo Mapepa Anotungamirirwa Nehurumende achichengetwa nenzira yakarurama samasangano makuru omufungo wezvamatongerwe enyika, anewo ganhuriro nenzvimbo dzisinganzwisisiki dzinofanirwa nokuzivikanwa.
Kuzvitutumadza Nokusaenzana
Mapepa eFederalist akanyorwa nevomuchikamu chiduku chenzanga yeAmerica. Vanorerutsa kubviswa kwavakadzi, vanhu vakapinzwa muuranda, uye MaIndia okuAmerica mukutora rutivi mune zvamatongerwe enyika. Nepo gadziriro yebumbiro remitemo yavanodzivirira yakabvumikisa kuva yakapfava zvakakwana kuti igova nokubatanidzwa kukuru zvikuru munguva yakati, chiono chapakuvamba chakanga chakaganhurirwa zvikuru kupfuura mipimo yazvino uno yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.
Tsamba dzacho dzinoratidzawo zvinodiwa neupfumi uye maonero evakakwirira vane kodzero yokubhadhara mutemo uye mitemo yemari yepepa inoratidza kuti vanonyanya kukoshesa kodzero dzokudzivirira kodzero dzezvinhu idzo dzimwe nguva dzinofukidza kururamisira kwezvemari kana kuti nzanga yevarombo.
Kukura Kwemapati Ezvamatongerwe Enyika
Mapepa eFederalist, zvikurukuru N. 10, batai nzanga sechinetso chinofanira kudzorwa panzvimbo pechinhu chingagona kuva chinobetsera chezvamatongerwe enyika. Varongi havana kukarira kutangwa kwamabato akarongwa ezvamatongerwe enyika semativi echigarire enzvimbo yezvamatongerwe enyika. Sayenzi yezvamatongerwe enyika yazvino uno inoziva kuti mapato anogona kubatira mabasa anokosha mukuronga makwikwi ezvematongerwe enyika, kuvhara mifungo, uye kuita kuti kuzvidavirira kwehurumende ive yavanhu.
Gadziriro yebumbiro remitemo yakarevererwa muFederalist Papers yaifanira kugadzikisa zvomene yebato rezvamatongerwe enyika, pane dzimwe nguva nechinetso. Kuparadzana kwamasimba kunogona kuparira kurongeka apo mapoka akasiyana - siyana anodzora mapazu akasiana. republic yakarebesa haina kudzivisa kuumbwa kwamapoka makuru maviri anowanzobatanidza panzvimbo perwisano ine mwero yezvamatongerwe enyika. Izvi zvinoitika zvinokarakadza ganhuriro mukunzvera kwavanoumba masangano namakwikwi ezvematongerwe enyika.
Kukura Kwesimba Rinotonga Nehurumende
Federalist Papers yakadzivirira hurumende yehurumende ine simba guru zvikuru kupfuura yakanga iripo muNheyo dzeConfederation, asi ichiri namasimba akaganhurirwa uye akaverengwa. Kukura chaikoiko kwesimba rehurumende yeAmerica kwakaona kukura kunopfuura zvikuru uko vagadziri vezvinhu vakafungidzira, vachisundwa nezvinhu zvakadai senzvimbo dzokugadzira zvinhu, hondo, njodzi yemari, uye kariro dzenzanga dzinochinja.
Kana masangano ehurumende achipfuura zvikuru ayo aifungwa nezvawo pakutanga, macheki nedzikamo zvichiri kushanda sezvaidiwa here?
Kufunda Mapepa Anorongwa Nemabhaisikopo Nhasi
Nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anotsvaka kunzwisisa hurumende yeAmerica, mutemo webumbiro remitemo, kana kuti uzivi hwezvamatongerwe enyika, mapepa aVatsi vemitemo anoramba ari anokosha.
Matanho Okuverenga
Mapepa eFederalist Cape anogona kusvikwa munzira dzakasiana- siyana zvichitsamira pafariro dzomunhu nezvinangwa. Nyanzvi dzemitemo navatongi vanowanzobvunza rondedzero dzakananga kuti vanzwisise gadziriro dzakati dzebumbiro remitemo. Vatsigiri vezvamatongerwe enyika vanganangidzira ngwariro panharo dzouzivi pamusoro pohunhu, rusununguko, uye utongi. Vanyori venhau vanonzvera rondedzero mumashoko avo enhau kuti vanzwisise kurukurirano dzemakwataity nenhambo yokuvamba.
Kuvaraviwo zvavo, kazhinji kazhinji kunobetsera kutanga nenhauro dzakakurumbira zvikurusa(Nos. 10, 51, uye 78) idzo dzinotaura mibvunzo inokosha mumutauro unowanika. Kubva ipapo, munhu anogona kunzvera rondedzero pamusoro penhau dzakananga dzefariro, kana masimba eCongress, chimiro chebazu revakuru, kana kuti basa rejudicary. Kurava rondedzero dzacho zvichirongedzerwa kugovera pfungwa yemavambirwe enharo, kunyange zvazvo ikoku kuchida nguva yakawanda nemhiko.
Zviwanikwa uye Kudhinda
Zvinyorwa zvakawanda zveFederalist Papers zvinowanika, kubva pamabhuku enyanzvi ane mashoko akawanda anosvika kumabhuku anowanika, kusanganisira ayo anopiwa neRaibhurari yeCongress and Procratic Gutenberg, zvinoita kuti rondedzero dzacho dziwanike nyore nyore nomunhu ane Internet.
Kunzwisisa mamiriro ezvinhu enhau, kutsoropodza kuri kukurukurwa, uye kubatana kwakaita nyaya dzakasiyana - siyana kunoita kuti vanhu vanzwisise uye vanzwisise nyaya dzacho.
Kubatanidzwa Nenharo Dzacho
Pane kungobvuma nharo dzacho, varavi vanofanira kudzibvunza, kufunga zvimwe, uye kufunga kuti nheyo dzacho dzinoshanda sei mumamiriro ezvinhu epanguva ino.
Kuenzanisa mapepa eAnti-Federalist neAnti-Fedalist kunopa mufananidzo wakakwana wekurukurirano dzokuvamba. Varwi veAnti-Federalist vakamutsa zvirambidzo zvinokosha ndokupa zvimwe zviono zvehurumende yeRepublic. Kunzwisisa mativi ose ari maviri ekurukurirano yacho kunopfuudzira nzwisiso yedu yeBumbiro remitemo nezvisarudzo zvarinomirira.
Mugumisiro: Kutsungirira Zvidzidzo Zvehurumende Nomutemo
Mapepa eFederalist anodzidzisa kuti hurumende inobudirira inoda gadziriro yokungwarira iyo inoparira mamiriro ezvinhu ohunhu, kwete sezvatingada kuti zvive. Anoratidza kuti gadziriro inogona sei kutungamirira gwinyiro nevavariro dzokuzvifadza kumiuyo inobetsera, kuti mhatsa inogona sei kusimbisa panzvimbo pokunetesa nyika inotonga, uye kuti rusununguko nokudzora kunogona sei kuyananiswa kupfurikidza nokuvakwa kwebumbiro remitemo.
Nheyo dzinotaurwa muiyi rondedzero(_parataro yemasimba, nzvero nedzikamo, hurumende inomiririrwa, uye kuzvimirira kwokutonga − dzinopfuurira kuumba mutemo nehurumende yeAmerica. Idzo dzinogovera gadziriro dzokunzvera mibvunzo yebumbiro remitemo yenguva ino yemitemo nemipimo zvokurangarira chiito chehurumende. Matare nguva dzose anodudza maPepa eFederalist mumirangariro yavo, vapi vemitemo vanoaraira mukurukurirano, uye nyanzvi dzinoafunda kunzwisisa revo yemitemo.
Kunze kwepesvedzero yazvo chaiyo pabumbiro remitemo reAmerica, Federalist Papers dzinopa nzwisiso isingagumi mudenho dzokutonga kwehurumende yehurumende yehurumende. Dzinokurukura mibvunzo inokosha pamusoro penzira yokudzivisa nayo udzvinyiriri nepo ichigonesa hurumende inobudirira, nzira yokudzivirira nayo maruramiro mashomanene nepo ichiremekedza kutonga kworuzhinji, nzira yokuchengeta nayo chinzwano nepo ichichengeta mhatsa, uye nzira yokudzikamisa nayo mipimo nefariro zvinokwikwidzana munzanga ine nzanga dzakawanda.
Nhetembo dzacho dzinotiyeuchidzawo kuti hurumende yebumbiro remitemo haifaniri kuzviparadza. Zvinoda kungwarira, kunaka kwevanhu vose, uye kuda kutsigirwa nebazi rimwe nerimwe nehurumende kuti ridzivirire kodzero dzaro.
Kuvadzidzi vehurumende nemutemo, Federalist Papers inogovera dzidzo isingaenzaniswi murondedzero nemuitiro zvebumbiro remitemo.Idzo dzinoratidzira nzira yokufunga nayo nenzira ine nhevedzano pamusoro pegadziriro, nzira yokudzikamisa nayo kurangarira kunokwikwidzana, uye nzira yokuita nayo nharo dzakaoma pamusoro pemibvunzo yezvamatongerwe enyika. Vanotevedzera rudzi rwehurukuro yezvamatongerwe enyika (hwezvematongerwe enyika), inoremekedzeka, uye inonangidzira ngwariro panheyo panzvimbo pohunhu) iyo inoramba ichibetsera kunyange sezvo nhau dzakananga dzachinja.
Mapepa eFederalist anodzidzisawo kuzvininipisa pamusoro peganhuriro dzegadziriro yebumbiro remitemo. Vagadziri vaisagona kukarira zvinetso zvose zvomunguva yemberi, uye Bumbiro remitemo ravakadzivirira rakada kugadziridzwa, kududzirwa, uye kuchinjika. Bva nheyo dzinokosha dzavakataura dzakabvumikisa kuva dzakasimba nenzira inoshamisa, dzichigovera hwaro hwakatsiga kwamazana maviri amakore ehurumende yebumbiro remitemo.
Munhambo yokuparadzana kwezvamatongerwe enyika nedzvinyiriro yesangano, Federalist Papers inotiyeuchidza nezvoukoshi hwegadziriro yebumbiro remitemo nengozi dzokubvumira boka ripi neripi kana kuti bazu kuunganidza simba rakanyanyowanda. Dzinodzidzisa kuti kudzivirira rusununguko hakungorevi vavariro dzakanaka chete asiwo dziviriro dzesangano dzinoshanda kunyange apo vavariro dzisina kunaka. Dzinoratidza kuti kusiyana nokusabvumirana, zvinotungamirirwa nenzira yakafanira namasangano emitemo, zvinogona kuva manyuko esimba panzvimbo pokuneta.
Kana mumwe achizvisvika sezvinyorwa zvenhau, zviremera zvapamutemo, kana kuti mabasa ouzivi hwezvamatongerwe enyika, Federalist Papers inopa nzwisiso mugadziriro yemitemo yeAmerica isingagoni kuwanwa kune imwe nzvimbo, nheyo dzakajeka dzekudzora dzinoramba dzakakodzera munguva nenzvimbo, uye kuratidzira simba rekurukurirano yokurangarira kuumba miuyo yezvamatongerwe enyika.
Zvidzidzo zvavanodzidzisa pamusoro pehurumende nomutemo (8) ukoshi hwegadziriro, kudikanwa kwokurangarira nokuda kwomuzvarirwo womunhu, ukoshi hwehurumende nokuparadzaniswa kwamasimba, denho dzokudzikamisa rusununguko nenhevedzano ) zvinopfuurira kuzivisa kurukurirano pamusoro pegadziriro yebumbiro remitemo nedudziro. Sezvo denho itsva dzinomuka uye mibvunzo yekare inova zvimiro zvitsva, tinopfuurira kudzokera kuFederalist Papers nokuda kwouchenjeri nenhungamiro, tichiwana muidzi rondedzero dzakanyorwa mazana amakore anopfuura maviri akapfuura nzwisiso dzinojekesera mamiriro ezvinhu edu azvinovapo panguva ino uye dzinotibetsera kunzvera zvinotsungirira zvoumene.
Nokuda kwokuravazve paFederalist Papers nepesvedzero dzadzo, shanyira [[FLT: 0] Rivrery yeCongregation Federalist Papers nhungamiro, iyo inogovera kusvika kurugwaro rwakazara nezviwanikwa. Melikan Battlefield Trust[ inopawo kunzvera kubetsera kwamashoko enhau nerevoresa. Avo vanofarira kunzvera kurukurirano huru kunofanira kunzverawo manyoro eAnti-Fédariscist uye mamwe manyuko makuru kubva panguva yeratificity, inowanika kupfurikidza namasangano edzidzo namashoko akasiana-nji.