Dare rehurumende reUnited States ndirimwe remitemo yedare rine simba zvikurusa munyika, bva mabasa aro ezuva nezuva anoramba ari chakavanzika kuvagari vemo vazhinji. Yakagadzwa pasi peChikamu III cheBumbiro reMitemo, inobatira somubatisi wokupedzisira womutemo wehurumende uye muchengeti wekodzero dzebumbiro remitemo. Yakasiyana nematare ehurumende, ayo anobata nharo dzomunzvimbomo nemitemo yehurumende, anorangarira nhau dzinotapura rudzi rwose (kubva kumira mirayiridzo yechiremera yehurumende kudziviriro yekodzero dzokuvhotera uye kuchengetwa kwemitemo yeutsotsi yehurumende. Iyi inogovera kupfuudzira kwakakwana, kwomutauro wakapfava kwezvinoitwa nematare ehurumende, kuti arongwe sei, uye nei basa rawo richikosha kushanda kwehurumende yeAmerica. Kana uri mudzidzi, muroja, kana kuti mugari wehurumende inoitira hanya, iri gota rokunzwisisa kuUnited States amene anotonga.

Tsika Yebumbiro reMitemo Yechiremera Chedare Rehurumende

Simba rinoshandiswa nematare ehurumende harisi romuzvarirwo; rinogoverwa zvakananga neUnited States Constitution. Vamiriri veBumbiro reMitemo, vachitora pazvinoitika zvavo mukutonga kweBritain, vakaziva kudikanwa kwemutongi anozvimirira kuti ashande secherekedzo pamapazu emitemo nevakuru vakuru. Ivo vakabatanidza uku kuzvimirira muChikamu III, vachiumba bazi rinotonga rakaenzana neCongress uye Dare. Chikamu ichi chinonzvera midzi yemitemo yedare rehurumende nenheyo yenheyo yokuongorora matare izvo zvinopa chiremera chavo kumatare.

Nyaya III Nokusikwa Kwebazu Rokutonga

Chikamu III cheBumbiro reMitemo chipfupi zvikuru nokuda kwokugadza bazu rehurumende. Chinoisa "Simba reHurumende reUnited States" mu"Dare rimwe rapamusoro, uye muMatare akaderera saCongress angagadza nguva nenguva. Uyu mutongo wakapfava wakasika Dare Gurusa uye wakapa simba redare kuti rivake dare rehurumende. Vatongi vakachengeta nougamuchire nesimba vazvimiririri kubva padzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika kupfurikidza nokupa vatongi vomunyika miganhu (zvinoisa "Muganhu wakanaka" uye kurambidza kuderera kwemiripo yavo apo vari muhofisi. Iyi inodzo yakagadzirirwa kuva nechokwadi chokuti vatongi vaigona kuita zvisarudzo zvakavakirwa pamutemo nomutemo uye murairo, pasina muganhu worukudzora. Munyoresa [2000] mu [Flective]][81], anorondedzerwanwa pamusoro pegwenya "go, bhii , uye asingatsigirirwi bhishonga] nokuda kwesimba guru rayo.

Nheyo Inokosha Yokuhwirudzura

Bumbiro reMitemo haripi zvakajeka matare ehurumende simba rokuzivisa mitemo isingachinji. Zvisinei, iri simba rinokosha zvikurusa rakatangwa neDare Gurusa mumhaka yechiratidzo che [[FLT]][1] Marbury v. Madison[ [[FLT] [183] [183]. Muchisarudzo ichi, Mutongi John Marshall akasimbirira kuti "ndiro purovhiti nebato rokutonga kutaura kuti mutemo uri." Chisarumbiso chakagadzwa che [[[FLT] [[FLT]] [[FLT] [FLD:5], icho chinobvumira matare ehurumende kuita mabasa akaderera eCongress, Purezidhenti, kana kuti hurumende inorwisana nesimba iri. Chino chinoumba simba rokutonga mutemo uye chinoita kuti chiruramise muganhu chakabatana nechiyero chesimba rehurumende. Chitendero chehurumende chikaidzodzodzodzo inopfurwa kupfurikidza nechibvumirano chehurumende chinodzora. Chibvumirano chinoitwa kupfurikidza nechibvumirano chinoitwa kupfurikidza nechibvumirano.

Kunzwisisa Kupomerwa Kwedare Rehurumende

Juristition ishoko rapamutemo rechiremera chedare kuti rinzwe ndokusarudza nhau. dare rehurumende harigoni kungonzwa nhau ipi neipi inopiwa pamberi payo; inofanira kuva nechiremera chenhau pamusoro penharo. Dare reMitemo nemirau yehurumende zvinorondedzera miganhu chaiyo yechiremera ichi. Kunzwisisa inhano yokutanga mukusarudza kana mhaka iri mudare rehurumende kana kuti dare rehurumende. United States inoita kuti dare risareve , zvinoreva matare ehurumende nedare rehurumende zviripo parutivi peji, nenharaunda dzaro. Zviito zvehurumende zvinobatanidza mitemo yehurumende, apo matare ehurumende anobata matare ehurumende, uye matare emitemo anotonga matare akasiyana -.

Kubvunzurudzwa Kunoitwa Nehurumende

Nzira yakananga zvikurusa kudare rehurumende iri kupfurikidza nemubvunzo wenhau yapakuvamba . Pasi po U.S.C. 76 1331, matare eruwa ane chiremera chapakuvamba pamabasa ose avagari vemo anoparirwa neBumbiro remitemo, mitemo, kana kuti matare emitemo yevhu, kana kuti mamiriro ezvinhu emitemo emitemo ehurumende (zvakaita semitemo yekodzero dzehurumende, miraungwariro yemhoteredzo), kana kuti gadziriro chaiyo yeBumbiro remitemo remitemo (zvakadai sedzokutanga kana kuti reChina reMitempoto), mhaka yacho inogona kuiswa mudare renyika yose. Somuenzaniso, kukwikwidza mudare redare rinodzorwa kudzorwa kweguta rinoputsa mutemo (zvakapesana nemitemo yehurumende) inogona kubatanidza kubvunza uye kushatirwa kwedare, pasineidzo, pasinei.

Kusarudza Kwakasiyana - siyana

Matare ehurumende anogonawo kunzwa nhau dzakavakirwa pa mamiriro ezvinhu ezvibvumirano zvinobatanidzwa. Munyasi .U.S.] . 7632, kudzorwa kunovapo apo migariro miviri inosangana: (1) vagari vemo vedzimwe nyika (kana kuti U.S. vagari venyika yokumwe kana kuti nyika), uye (2) chitsama mugakava chinopfuura $75 000 [Z.5 000]. Donzo remhovero remhove ndero youdzo inogovera nyika isina kusipo nokuda kwehurumende inorwisana nehurumende iyo ingagona kutarisana nerusarura mudare renyika inodzoro yehurumende. Nokuda kwechinoitika, kana mutyairi wemo wemo yemotokari yetsaona yemotokari yakakomba mumugwagwa weOrgori yemone inofungidzirwa kuva mutongo mudare renyika renyika inosarudzwa.

Kutsiva Kunopfuura Kwose

Nokuda kwedzimwe nharaunda chaidzo dzomutemo, matare ehurumende ane muganhu unobatanidza, kureva kuti matare ehurumende bedzi anogona kunzwa aya marudzi enhau. matare ehurumende haana chiremera panhau idzodzi. Nharaunda huru dzehurumende dzinobatanidza:

  • [[FLT: 0] BANKULURTY: Nhau dzose dzokubhuroka dzinobatwa nematare chaiwo okubhuroka ayo ari mapoka ematare eruwa ehurumende.
  • Admiralty na Maritime: Nhau dzinobatanidza tsaona, zvibvumirano, kana kuti kuvadziko pamvura dzinonaya (makungwa, nzizi huru, uye maLake Makuru) dzinodonha chose chose pasi pehurumende.
  • Pantent, Copyright, uye Trademark: Iyi nharaunda dzomutemo wezvinhu wedzidzo inodzorwa nemirau yomubatanidzwa, uye nokudaro matare ehurumende bedzi anogona kunzwa kukwirira kunowirirana.
  • Cases Against the United States: Hurumende yehurumende haigoni kupomerwa mudare rehurumende pasina mvumo yayo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Utsotsi hwemabhii: matare ehurumende achibata kurovererwa kwapamhosva kwakawanda zvikurusa, mhosva dzinoputsa mitemo yehurumende (zvakadai sokuba mubhangi, kutengesa mirimo muruwa, uye kubiridzira tsamba) zvinotongwa chose chose mudare rehurumende.

Zvirongwa Zvakatanhamara zveDare Rehurumende

Gadziriro yedare rehurumende yakarongwa muchivako chakajeka, chedare rapasi chetatu. Iyi gadziriro yakafanana nepiramidhi inovimbisa kuti nhau dzinogamuchira kurangarirwa kwokungwarira pamwero inoverengeka, Dare Rapamusoro rimire pamukwidzani sechiremera chokupedzisira pamutemo womubatanidzwa.

Matare Oruwa eU.S.: Chiverengero Chokutonga

Chivako chepiramidhi yehurumende chine 94 Dare reruwa reU. iri imatare edare ehurumende. Hurumende imwe neimwe ine dare rimwe reruwa, uye hurumende huru seCalifornia, New York, uye Texas dzine dzakawanda sena. dare reruwa rine imba yakasarudzwa, uye vakawanda vane vatongi vakawanda. Matare eruwa ndiwo anotanga kutonga hurumende. Mumitengo yedare yehurumende umo mahungwe anosarudzwa, zvapupu zvinopupurira pasi pemhiko, uye ufakazi chaihwo hunopiwa. Mumutongo mumwe nomumwe weruwa unotonga pamusoro pomuedzo, unosimbisa kuti kutevedzerwa kwaPrectal Reucence/Civil Procurence. Mumist Procure. Mumist, nhau dzoutsotsi dzinotongwa nemhosva dzinotongwa nemhosva dzinotongwa navagari vemo. Munyaya dzinokumbirwa, kana kuti ufakazi hunopiwa. Mumutongo udzori mukuru mukuru wehurumende uno uno unongosha unoshandiswawo bedzi.

Matare Okukwirira eU.S.: Chiyero Chokutanga Chokukwirira

Mwero wechipiri wegadziriro yehurumende unoumbwa ne Dare reZvikumbiro , rinozivikanwawo seDare reNhenhare. Boka rinorasikirwa nenhau inokosha mudare reruwa kazhinji kazhinji rine maruramiro okukwirira chisarudzo kuDare reZvikumbiro nokuda kwedare reruwa. Dare redare reruwa hariiti kutongwa kutsva. Panzvimbo pezvo, boka ravatongi vatatu rinohwirudzura chinyorwa chedare redare redare rokutonga, ufakazi, uye matare apamutemo kana kuti mutongo ukaita chikanganiso chapamutemo. Zvikamu izvi kazhinji kazhinji kachinopiwa nguva pfupi kunhau dzinotaurwa. Chikanganiso chenhau chapamhiko. [FFFF:] [3], uye nharaunda dzinodzosesariranwa mudura nharaunda dzehurumende dzinotonga.[5]

Dare Rapamusorosoro reUnited States: Arbiter Yokupedzisira

Pachikamu chikuru chedare rehurumende panogara Dare reUnited States , riri muWashington, D.C. Rine Dare pfumbamwe: Chiratidzo chimwe neSahlulero Ssere. Zvakasiyana neMatare eApasuru, Dare rePuniverse rine chisarudzo, zvinoreva kuti imhaka ipi yokunzwa. Gore rimwe nerimwe, Dare rinogamuchira zvikumbiro zvinenge 7 000 kusvikira ku8 000 zve [FFFFF:] [3] [FFFFF]] [alleraririri mumissssssss kana kuti matare makuru emitemo adzo. [mubatanidzwa] [FLT:] [FOLT] [5] [ikukumbira kuti Dare renhau renhau renhau renhau] rizvigarutsiri rizvidzose, asi rinopazvera rinozvidzosasasasasasasa nhau dzinengedzekedzeka pamusoro pezve panhau dzinopfuurwa zvikuru, dzinopfurira pamusoro pezvisa. [Mite Dare yati

Nzira Yenhau Mugadziriro Yetsika Yenyika Dzakatarisana Nedambudziko

Kunzwisisa nzira yacho inopfuura nomugadziriro yehurumende kunobetsera kujekesa mabasa akasiyana edare rimwe nerimwe. Mhaka chaiyo inovamba muDare reruwa reU.S. Dare reRefulture, umo maidi anosarudzwa kupfurikidza nokutonga kana kuti kupfupikisa kwechisarudzo. Kana mutengi akarasikirwa achidavira chikanganiso chapamutemo chakaitika. Vanogona kunyora chiziviso chekukwirira. Ipapo mhaka inochinjirwa kuU. Dare rePurcecteds. Dare rinohwirudzura nharo dzapamutemo uye kupfupikisa chisarudzo. Kana boka rinorasikirwa muDare rokukwirira richishuvira kuti ride kudenhazve kutonga kwacho, vanogona kukumbira Dare gurusa renhau nokuda kwe [FOct:0]. [FLD]

Marudzi Makuru Emhosva Anonzwiwa Mudare Rehurumende

Mamiriro ezvinhu ebhizimisi redare rehurumende anoshamisa zvikuru, anobata panenge parutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu hweAmerica. matare eFederal anobata nhau dzoukoshi hworudzi, mirau yakaoma, uye maruramiro makuru ebumbiro remitemo.

Kodzero Dzebumbiro reMitemo Nokusunungurwa Nehurumende

Dare reFederal ndiro rinopa mitongo yokusimbisa kodzero dzinovimbiswa neBill of Rights and the 144th Amendment. Zvisarudzo zvinobatanidza First Amendment (rusununguko rwokutaura, rudzidziso, pepanhau, uye gungano), Gadziriro yeChina (kudzivirirwa pakunzvera kusina mufungo nepfari), Findfement (kururamidza pachako nemuitiro wakafanira), uye murairo weSendro (kudzivirira chirango mukurwisana neutsinye nechisina kufanira) rutivi rukuru rwedare renyika rinobumbiro redare. Imhaka zhinji dzeidzi dzinounzwa pasi pe U.C.[FLT][FFLT:1] [1], mutemo wehurumende unobvumira vanhu kuputsa kodzero dzavo nehurumende. Iyi inhau yepamutemo yedare, kusungwa kwemhosva, kutyoronze, kudarika mutemo wemitemo, kudarika mutemo, kudarika mutemo, kana kuti zvikoro zvechitendero chisha.

Nhau Dzematsotsi Dzakaganhurirwa

Nepo kurovererwa kwakawanda kwoutsotsi kuchiitika mudare rehurumende, hurumende yehurumende inotonga mhaka dzinoputsa mitemo yehurumende.

  • Utsotsi hunoitika panzvimbo dzehurumende (dzimba dzehondo, mapaka erudzi, zvivako zvehurumende)
  • Utsotsi hunopfuura nyika dzose (kupamba, kuba munyika, kutya kupotera)
  • Utsotsi hwakarongwa, kutengesa (RICO), uye kutengesa zvinodhaka kwakakura
  • Utsotsi, kuba mazita, uye kubiridzira nemakombiyuta
  • Unyengeri hwemaguta, uori hwemabhangi, uye uori hwevanhu
  • Kutamira kune dzimwe nyika kunokonzerwa nemhosva
  • Ugandanga uye mhosva dzokuchengetedzwa kwenyika yose

Idzi nhau dzinonzverwa namasangano ehurumende anochengeta mutemo akadai seFBI, DEA, ATF, uye Homeland Security, uye vanotongwa naAtttorney weUnited States, avo vanogadzwa naPurezidhendi ndokusimbiswa neDare reruwa rumwe norumwe rwehurumende.

Kusawirirana Mumutemo Wavose Muhurumende

Matare ehurumende anobata chiverengero chikuru chenhau dzehurumende dzakaoma kunzwisisa idzo dzinobatanidza kududzira nokushandiswa kwemirau nemirau zvomubatanidzwa.

  • [ Mutemo weMitemo: Bhekisi neSC Commission (SEC) inotumira suturo dzavagari vemo nokuda kwokutengesa nokubhadharisa. Vatengi vemitengo yebhizimisi vanoisawo misoro yebhizimisi yezviito zveboka rinorwisana namasangano nokuda kwokuputswa kwemitemo yemigariro.
  • [[[NHAU]] Mutemo wendangariro: Mhaka dzinodenha chiremera cheEPA kudzora mhepo yakachena nemvura, kana kuti kupomera kwapachivande kushatisa pasi pemirau seCease Water Act, dzinonzwiwa mudare rehurumende.
  • Mutemo wapamutemo: Dhipatimendi reRuramisiro kana kuti mapoka avanhu voga anogona kukwirira makambani nokuda kwemiitiro yokutonga mumwe kana kuti kubatanidza kusiri kwapamutemo pasi peSherman naClayton Mabasa.
  • [[FLT: 0] Zvinhu zvokusagona kunzvera:[[FLT: 1] Kupikiswa pamutemo nekodzero yokuburitsa pamutemo rutivi rukuru rwenzvimbo yezviteshi zvehurumende, zvikurukuru mumaindasitiri ezvoruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu nevaraidzo.

Federal Agency Review

Mu Act yehurumende yeUnited States inobvumira mutongi kusarudza kana sangano (seEPA, FCCC, kana kuti Department of Health and Human Service) richishanda muchiremera charo chinopiwa neCongress uye rinotevera nzira dzakakodzera.

Basa Nokugadzwa kwaVatongi Vehurumende

Vatongi vehurumende [[FLT: 1]] (kubatanidza vatongi voruwa, vatongi veruwa, uye vatongi veDare rapamusoro-soro) vakagadzwa naPurezidhendi uye vakasimbiswa neDare. Vanobata nzvimbo dzavo mukati me "Mufambiro wakanaka," iyo inoreva nenzira inobudirira kuti vanoshumira nokuda kwoupenyu. Chigariro ichi chichava chinhu chinokosha chakagadzirirwa kuchengeta kuzvimirira kwomutemo. Mutongi asingafaniri kunetseka pamusoro pekuzvisarudzi kana kuti kudzorwa kwapa. Haawanzova akasununguka kuita zvisarudzo zvisina kukurumbira asi zvakarurama pamutemo, zvikurukuru muzvinoitika zvinobatanidza nhau dzezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti fariro huru. Kurangana kwakava kwakatanhamara kunova kwezvamatongerwe enyika zvikuru munguva dzazvino uno, sezvo mirangariro yavatongi inoda kurondedzerwa kwakasiana kwemitemo naMatestati. [2]

Chikonzero Nei Matare Ehurumende Ane Basa Kuvagari Vose

Basa rematare ehurumende rine pesvedzero yakananga neyakakomba paupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwevaAmerica. Kutonga kumwe kunobva kuDare Gurusa kunogona kudzosazve kugarikano, zvamatongerwe enyika, uye mamiriro emari enyika. Chisarudzo cheDare mu [FLT][1] Brown.[FLT] v.[FLT][FLT].[2][2] [2] [3] [3] [5] pamutemo [Imba]. . Dare reDziposlation [[FLT] [idzo] [idzo] [idzo] [[FLT] [idzi] [idzi] [idzi] [mute] [mute] [mutengodzi] [mutemo] [mute] [mute] [mutengodzi] [musve] [mute] mutongo] mutongo wehurumende, inodzivirira pamutemo nokuda kwemitengomuteveri yehurumende, inotomutomu inotomu inodzivirira kuti iveri iveri ive

Mupeto: Bazu Rinokosha reRepublic

Gadziriro yedare rehurumende idivi rakaoma asi rinokosha rokuedza muAmerica muhurumende. Inogovera nzvimbo yakarongeka neisina chizivano yokupedza nayo gakava pamusoro pemitemo inokosha zvikurusa yenyika, kubva paBumbiro remitemo kusvikira kuboka guru remitemo nemirau. Nokunzwisisa chiremera, mugariro, uye basa rematare aya, vagari vemo vanogona kunzwisisa basa redare rinodzivirira kodzero dzavo, kuongorora simba remamwe mapazu maviri, uye kusimbisa kuti United States inoramba iri rudzi runodzorwa nemitemo. Kana iri mhaka yomunzvimbomo mudare reruwa rinobatanidza utsotsi hwehurumende kana kuti kutonga kukuru kunotonga kunobva muDare renyika yose, basa rematare enyika yose rinoumbwa nehurumende inorukwakwakwa nzanga muchaungagara mumufananidzo wenyika. [F] [F] [5]