Mamiriro Ezvinhu Ekare Emitemo Yeroorano

Roorano yakabatira segadziriro yehwaro mumarudzi ose, asi kubatwa kwayo kwapamutemo kwezvinhu kwakachinja zvikuru mumazana amakore. Mumutemo weRoma wakare, mufungo we manus wakaisa mudzimai pasi pechiremera chapamutemo chomurume wake, kureva chinhu chipi nechipi chaaipinza muroorano chakava chake. Mutemo weEngland, uyo wakapesvedzera zvikuru United States nemimwe miganhu yavose, unoshanda pasi pedzidziso yebutiro: kuzivikanwa kwapamutemo kwomukadzi akaroorwa kwakaiswa nechiremera chomurume wake, uye iye aisagona kuva oga, nhaka, kana kuti kutarisira zvinhu zvake oga. Iyi tsika yakaramba yakabatana zvikuru kusvikira pakati pezana ramakore rechi19, apo Hurumende dzeMabasa dzinopa vakadzi vanotanga kudzorwa kwezvinhu zvapamutemo. Izvo zvakanga zvichizivikanwa nemitemo yemari yazvino unopfuvura nokubudirira zvehurumende.

Masangano Apamutemo Azvino Uno Okuparadzanisa Zvinhu Zvomuchato

Nzira iyo zvinhu zvinokamuraniswa nayo pachatanuro inotsamira zvikuru pahurumende yepfuma iri pasi pehurumende.

Zvinhu Zvenzanga Zvinodzorwa

.U.S. zvinoti [1] Arizona, California, Idaho, Louisiana, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Washington, uye Wisconsin . Muidzi nyika, zvinhu zvipi nezvipi zvakawanwa zvinofungidzirwa kuva zveroorano nemadzimai evakaroorana, pasinei zvapo nokuti ane zita ripi panzvimbo kana kuti anowana mari. Izvozvi zvinosanganisira mari chaiyo inotengwa nemari yemari yeroorano, uye maakaunzi epaunziro akaunganidzwa apo akaroora kana kuti akaroorwa. Zvipo nenhaka zvinogamuchirwa nemunhu mumwe chete, sezvo zvinhu zviri zvomuchato, zvinoramba zviri zvogariranwa kana kuti zvikasave zviripo. Panzvimbo yechatanuro inokamuraniswa nemari. Pamarumwe matare edare, kunyange zvazvo zvichigadzirirwa, kana kuti zvimwe nzanga zvakashatswa.

Kuparadzirwa Kwakaenzana

Voruzhinji veU.S., pamwe chete nenyika dzakawanda (kubatanidza United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, uye nyika zhinjisa dzeEurope), vanotevera muenzaniso wokuparadzira kwakaenzana. Pano, nharidzano yedare ndeyokukamuranisa zvinhu zveroorano nomutoo uyo uri “mutoo wakaenzana. Vatongi vanorangarira urefu hukuru hweroorano, mari yomukwanyina mumwe nomumwe nenzvimbo yake, zera ravo noutano, mari imwe neimwe inoitwa somugadziri weimba kana kuti kuimwe basa, uye mupimo wokurarama mukati meroorano. nzvimbo yakaparadzaniswa yavose pamberi peroorano kana kuti kugamuchirwa nenhaka kana kuti migove inogamuchirwa nemukana mukuru zvikuru. Kutoti yakabatanidza zvikuru yave yaka “yakabatanidzwa nepfuma yeroorano. ” Mumibato inokamuraniswa zvikuru, kazhinji kazhinji kacho mumitengo inobvumira roorano yakakura zvikuru.

Mubatanidzwa Wezvinhu

Zvikamu zviduku zvemitemo, zvikurukuru mumativi eAsia neAfrica, zvichiri kunamatira kutsika dzakavakirwa pazita remisoro umo zvinhu zvinokamurwa maererano neane zita repamutemo.Muzvinoitika zvakadaro, zvinhu zvomunhu mumwe bedzi zvisina kukamukana, kunyange kana zvakawanwa mukati meroorano. Uyu mutoo wakashorwa zvikuru nokuda kwokufuratira zvinhu zvemari zveroorano, zvikurukuru mipiro isiri yehama yeroorano iyo ingave yapa basa rokutarisira imba. Somuuyo, mizhinji yeiyi miganhu yakaenda kuparadziro inoshanda yakaenzana kana kuti yakaita pamutemo kudzivirira vakwanyina vanotsamirana.

Nheyo Huru Dzinotungamirira Kukamukana

Kunzwisisa izvi kunogona kubatsira vanhu kuti vazive zvazvinogona kuitika vokurukura zviri nani.

Kuroorana Kuchirwisana Nenzvimbo Yakaparadzana

Chisarudzo chimwe chinokosha zvikurusa muchatanuro ipi neipi ndechokuti chinhu chiri cheroorano kana kuti chakaparadzana. Zvinhu ndezve kwete [ zvakakamurwa. Zvinhu zveroorano zvinoparadzaniswa (zvimwe zvakaenzana kana kuti zvakaenzana). Mhando dzavose dzezvinhu zvakaparadzana dzinobatanidza:

  • Zvipfeko zvomumwe murume asati aroorana, chero bedzi zvisina kuenderana nezvinhu zvemhuri.
  • Zvipo kana kuti nhaka zvaiitwa bedzi kumukwanyina mumwe, kunyange kana zvikagamuchirwa mukati meroorano.
  • Mibayiro yokukuvara kwomunhu oga (kunze kwomubhadharo unorasika uyo waizodai waiva mubhadharo weroorano).
  • Zvinhu zvakabviswa pachena nechibvumirano chine musoro chepashure pekuberekwa kwemba.

Kuchovha (Somuenzaniso, kuisa mari yenhaka muakaundi yebhangi imwe chete) kungachinja zvinhu zvakasiyana kuva zvinhu zveroorano. Kuti vachengetedze vara rakaparadzana, mapoka anofanira kuchengeta kuparadzana kwemari kwakakomba.

Kutsigirwa Kwemipiro Yemari Isina Hurumende

Mutemo wechatanuro wazvino uno unobvuma kuti kugadzira misha, kurera vana, uye kutsigira basa rokushandira vana kunoumba mipiro inokosha. Mumigove yokugovera isina muganhu wenyika, mukwanyina akagara pamusha kurera vana apo mumwe afambira mberi mubasa anofanirwa kubhadhara nokuda kwechibayiro ichocho. Ikoku kunowanzoratidzirwa mukukamuranisa maakaundi okurega basa, kubhadharwa kwegoverano hurusa yomusha weroorano, kana kuti mari yemari (tsigiro inotsigirwa nemitemo yakaenzana). Nheyo ye “mari yemari inobhadharo yemari yemari inobhadharwa kurera vana , inogamuchirwa nenzira inowedzera: kupfurikidza nebasa rake amene, mugadziri wepamba anogonesakisa mumwe munhu kuwana mari yakawanda, uye mari inoguma nezviripo zvinowedzerwa pakurega basa.

Zvinodiwa Nebasa Renguva Yemberi

Mumwe munhu akwegura, ane utano husina kunaka, kana kuti ane unyanzvi hushoma hwebasa angawana zvinhu zvakawanda kana kuti tsigiro inopfuurira yomurume kana kuti yokuroorana naye inoramba ichitsigirwa.

Kutama - tama Chikwereti

Sezvo zvikwereti zveroorano zvinokamuraniswa, ndizvowo zvikweretiwo. — Makadhi eroorano anoitwa nokuda kwendyiko dzemhuri, chikwereti chemotokari pamusha weroorano, zvikwereti zvemotokari zvinoshandiswa nokuda kwechokufambisa chemhuri (zvinokamuraniswa nomutoo mumwe chetewo nezvipo. Zvikwereti zvakasiana (muchib., zvikwereti zvavadzidzi zvinotorwa pamberi peroorano, kana kuti zvikwereti zvakatarirwa nomukwanyina mumwe nokuda kwebhizimisi romunhu oga) kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji zvino zvino kubata zvikwereti zvavadzidzi sezvakaparadzana kunyange kana zvichibetsera roorano, nemhaka yokuti dzidzo yacho ndeyomunhu oga oga.

Migumisiro Yemitero

Kukamuranisa zvinhu kunogona kuva nemitero inokosha. Somuenzaniso, kutamisira mari yokurega basa kubva kune mumwe kuenda kune mumwe kupfurikidza neManonialsation Order Actives kunobvumira mukwanyina kunonoka mitero kusvikira pakurega. Kutengesa musha weroorano kunganyandura kutora mari yehomwe, kunyange zvazvo kurambwa kwechikamu kuchigona kushanda kana kutengeswa kwacho kuchiitika mukati mechikamu chakati chenguva. Alsimonius, pasi pomutemo wemitero wazvino uno weU.S. (pambesamusaru 2919 nokuda kwechatanuro yakaitwa pashure paDecember 31, 2018), haichabviri kupfurikidza nomuripi kana kuti anobhadharwa mari yomugamuchiri mubhadharo kana kuti asingabvi mubhadharo wemari inoshanwa. Kunzwisisa iyi mitemo yomutero inoshambadzwa inoshambadzwa yazvinodenha apo anobhadharwa.

Zvibvumirano Zvokutanga uye Pashure Pokunge Anzwa Mashoko Acho

Mutoo unozivikanwa navose zvikuru wokutarisira kukamukana kwezvinhu ibvumirano yapamberi peroorano (yakagadzwa pamberi peroorano) kana kuti chibvumirano chapashure peroorano. Zvibvumirano izvi zvinobvumira varoorani kuronga hurumende yavo yezvinhu, vachiisa mitemo yakarongwa yokudzora kwavo. Zvakakurumbira zvikuru pakati pavanhu vane pfuma yeroorano yapamberi penguva yapakati, varidzi vebhizimisi, uye avo vanoroorana gare gare navana vakabva muukama hwekare.

Kuti chibvumirano chapamberi pekunge chaitwa chive chinogombedzerwa, chinofanira kusvitsa zvinodikanwa zvinoverengeka: (1) zvinofanira kuva mutsamba; (2) mativi ose ari maviri anofanira kuzivisa zvizere zvinhu zvavo; (3) ose ari maviri anofanira kusaina nokuzvidira, pasina zvisakiso; uye (4) mashoko acho haafaniri kuva asingawiriraniswi. Matare achanzverawo kana boka rimwe nerimwe rakava nomukana wokubvunza zano rapamutemo rakasununguka. Zvibvumirano zvePstnupt zvinozviisa pasi pemipimo yakafanana, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nyika dzichishandisa nzvero huru zvikuru nemhaka yokuti roorano yatovapo.

Imwe kombamiro iri kubuda kushandiswa kwe “zvisarudzo” zvinorondedzera chinoitika muzvinoitika zvakasiyana-zvo( somuenzaniso, roorano pfupi iri pakati peimwe. Imwe inobatanidza zvikamu zvezuva, uko chibvumirano chinopera pashure pechiverengero chakati chamakore, kuchibvumira vaviri kukundikana kugadza mitemo. [[FLT:] Cornell Legin Information Institute [ inodudza, prenupy] haasati achirizve chishandiso chakafanira nokuda kwevarwi vazhinji vamazera apakati vanotsvaka kujeka nokudzivirira.

Maonero Anoita Nyika Yose Zvinhu Zvinodiwa Nevakaroorana

Michato yemiganhu nemhuri dzamarudzi akawanda zvinotarisana nedenho dzechienzi nemhaka yokuti nyika dzakasiyana - siyana dzinoisa zvinhu nenzira yakasiana. Somuenzaniso, varoorani muhurumende yenzanga (seCalifornia) vangazotamira gare gare kumugariro wokuparadzira kwakaenzana (seNew York). Mutemoi unoshanda? Kazhinji kazhinji, nzvimbo apo varoorani vanogara panguva yechatanuro vanotonga nharaunda, asi matare angatarira kuDomicle yeroorano (painogara vazhinjisa veroorano) nokuda kwenhungamiro. Nokuda kwevaroora vane zvinhu munyika dzakawanda, kuchengetwa kwomutemo wechatanuko kunogona kuva kwakaoma, zvikurukuru kana matare enyika imwe achitonga muuyo wakasiana kupfuura weimwe.

Hague Convention on the Law Apposured to Matrimonial Preaus Regimes (1978) yakaedza kutsinhiranisa iyi mitemo, asi chiverengero chakaganhurirwa bedzi chamarudzi chakaitendera. Munzira idi, varoorani vamarudzi ose vanofanira kutsvaka zano kugweta avo vanonzvera mutemo wemhuri wepakati pezvikamu zviduku. Vamwe vanyakuroorana vanoitawo “kusarudza kwechibvumirano cheroorano". Zvikamu zvapamutemo zvavo zvapamberi, vachibvuma kuti chatanuro chipi nechipi chichabatwa mumugariro wakati kuti mitemo yezvinhu yavanoda.

Munyika dzakawanda dzeEurope, hurumende yakarongwa irudzi rwenzanga inoregeredzwa yakaparadzana mukati meroorano asi inowirirana pachatanuro. Mumutemo weGermany, somuenzaniso, “Zigutenmeinschaft” (kubatanidzwa kwemhindu) inoda nhamba yeukoshi hwemukwanyina mumwe nomumwe pakutanga kweroorano uye pakuchatanura; wedzero mukati meroorano inokamuraniswa zvakaenzana. Gadziriro ino inosiana neU.S. zvinhu mukambani iyoyo zvinoramba zviri zvakaparadzana. Kunzwisisa aya majekiseni kunokosha nokuda kwemichata uye mhuri dzamarudzi akawanda.

Kuchinja Kwezvinhu Kwenguva Ichangobva Kupfuura Nenhau Dziri Kutanga

Mutemo wemhuri unopfuurira kushanduka. Mimwe miganhu inoverengeka yakagadziridza mitemo yayo kuti itsanangure nokuda kwemitemo yemipimo yavanhu neredhiyo yemakombiyuta, nhau dzesocial media, mabhizimisi epaIndaneti, uye zvinhu zvounyanzvi. Matare zvino anowanzova mapepa etsika akavanzika kuti aronde zvinhu zvakavanzika. Imwe nhau iri kumuka itsanangurwa yerezinesi renyanzvi nedhigirii. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, rezinesi rezvokuraidzo yezvokurapa kana kuti dhigirii remitemo (uye basa rakawedzerwa rai inoita kuti ipedzerwe zvinhu zveroorano, zvichibvumira muridzi wemu anotsigira. Mune, haisi chinhu pasero pasero, asi chinhu chinoshandiswa kururamisa mugove mukuru wezvimwe zvinhu kana kuti mutengo mari.

Samensalisa sexhedro kodzero dzeroorano, zvino dzinozivikanwa munyika yose chifo cheObergefell v. Hodges (2015), yakatapurawo kukamukana kwezvinhu. Pamberi paObergefell, varoorani vazhinji vakamanikidzirwa kuvimba nebvumirano kuti vadzivirire zvinhu zvavo. Nhasi, vanofarikanya dziviriro dzakarongwa nemisero zvakafanana sevaroorani vane matemu akafanana, kunyange zvazvo mimwe mitemo yakaoma inosara nokuda kwavaroorani vakanga vakaroorana pasi pemitemo yapakuvamba kana kuti vakawana kurera kwechipiri.

Masimba masimba omumba nokushatiswa kwezvemari zvakawana utanhamari mukurukurirano dzezviwiro.Mitengo yakawanda zvino inobvumira mutongi kugovera mugove mukurusa wepfuma kunyajambwa wokubatwa zvisina kufanira sechimiro che “hure.” Mukuwedzera, Dare roMutemo weUniform rakakarakadza Comment reFUNING Pstace and Molive Restion Act kudzikamisa kuchengetwa kwezvibvumirano munyika dzose, kunyange zvazvo kurera mwana kwave kuchinonoka.

Matanho Anoshanda Okudzivirira Zvaunofarira

Heano matanho anoverengeka anogona kuitwa nevanhu, vangave vari kuroora, vatoroora kana kuroorwa, kana kuti vachifunga nezvokurambana:

  1. [[[FT:0] Chengeta maakaundi akaparadzana ezvemari nokuda kweroorano yapamberi peroorano nepfuma yakagarwa nhaka, uye kudzivisa kuwirirana nemari yeroorano. Nzira yakajeka yepepa inogona kuchengeta mavara akaparadzana eizvi zvinhu.
  2. Ibhukwana risingashandisi mipiro yemari [ kuroorano (Somuenzaniso, chengeta chinyorwa chezvipedzero zvebasa, makore ebasa renguva inosarira namativi mana, kana kuti mutoro mukuru wokurera vana. Ufakazi ihwohwu hunogona kuva hunokosha mumugariro wokuparadzira kwakaenzana.
  3. Funga chibvumirano chepamberi kana kuti chapashure pegore [[FT:1] kana une zvinhu zvinokosha, bhizimisi, kana kuti vana vakabva muroorano yapfuura. Ndyiko yokunyora nokuhwirudzura chibvumirano chakadaro iri pasi zvikuru pemutengo weritabheti gare gare.
  4. Vhurudza magwaro okuronga nzvimbo pashure pechinoitika chipi nechipi chikuru choupenyu(* roorano, chatanuro, kuberekwa kwomwana(kuvimbisa kuti anoda, anochengetesa, uye mazita omugamuchiri anowirirana nevavariro dzako.
  5. Tsvaka zano renyanzvi kubva kugweta remhuri rine unyanzvi muhurumende yako. Mitemo inosiana zvikuru, uye kunyange misiyano inoratidzika kuva miduku pakati pehurumende inogona kuva nerevo huru dzemari.

Nokuda kwaavo vanotoita nhevedzano yechatanuro, kunokosha kuwana muverengero wakakwana wezvinhu zvose nezvikwereti. Ikoku kunobatanidza kwete bedzi zvinhu zviri pachena zvakadai sedzimba namaakaundi ebhangi, asiwo gadziriro dzemudyandigere, zvisarudzo zvemasheya, muripo wapashoma, muripo wendege wenguva dzose, zvikwama zvechipameso, uye maakaundi eminu anokosha. Nolo yeEnisaikoro yepamutemo [ inogovera kupfupikisa kubetsera kwakakodzera sepfuma yeroorano muzvinyorwaworuzhinji.

mhedziso

Gadziriro yapamutemo yenzvimbo yeroorano haisati iri chinhu chakare. Inoratidzira tsika dzechikaro pamusoro pemitemo yemunhu nemunhu, mubatanidzwa, uye ruramisiro. Kana uchigara munzvimbo yenzvimbo yenzanga kana kuti murairo wokugovera kwakaenzana, chinokosha kudzivirira kodzero dzako munzwisiso kumitemo inoshanda kumugariro wako wakati kuti, apo kunobvira, kuronga mberi. Nepo muitiro wacho unogona kuva unobhadhara mundangariro, zivo yomutemo inosimbisa vanhu panzvimbo yesimba ndokudzivisa zvikanganiso zvinodhura. Nokuda kwomupi noupi anorangarira roorano kana kuti chatanuro, kubvunza murwi womutemo wemhuri anokwaniriswa hakungova kungokokwanisva kurumbidzwa bedzi. [[FLT:][F][FM][1][1]