Zuva rokuchinja zvinhu rinomira seimwe yetsika dzinogarisa dzeAmerica dzinogarwa nehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, chinoitika chisingagumi chaichinosimbisa pachena kuzvipira kwenyika kurunyararo, kuchinjwa kworumano kwesimba. Inopfuura nhambo yenhau yetsika, inguva apo vavengi vezvematongerwe enyika vanomira, masangano, uye vagari vemo vanokokwa kuti vazvione serutivi rwenyika inosarudzwa navanhu. Mhiko yapurezidhendi, inotaurwa pamwoyo pechibvumirano, inobatanidza mutungamiriri anouya kuBumbiro remitemo uye, nokuwedzera, kuvanhu vava kubatira. Pamwe chete, basa rechibvumirano sekatekisia yorudzi, zvichiyeuchidza chizvarwa chiri chose chose kuti kuedza kweAmerica kunotsamira pamutemo uye chivimbo. Iyi nzvero inokudzwa pakunzvera mavambirwo, kuremarira kwokufananidzira, uye kukwikwikwidza nhaka yeZukurukurukuru, uye kupfurikidza nokuumbwa kwerudzi rwenyika, kuumbwa neboka renyika.

Mavambo Nehwaro Hwebumbiro reMitemo Rezuva Rokuronga

Vagadziri veBumbiro reMitemo reU.S. vakapa nenzira inoshamisa mashoko maduku kumitemo yenhevedzano yapurezidhendi. Chikamu II, Chikamu 1, Claus 8 chinoraira kuti purezidhendi anofanira kuita mhiko kana kuti kusimbisa asati apinda muhofisi, uye chinogovera mashoko chaiwo. Bumbiro reMitemo harisati richidudza musi wemutambo wacho, uyewo harisati rarayira kuti parafikipi inote seri paramendi yeCongress negamuchidzanwa kuti rizadze udzame mumashoko ose mumazana amakore. Kutsauriro yokutanga, yakaitwa pana April 30, 1789, muNew York City, yakanga iri nhau inodzokorodza , uye George Washington akanga asina kukwereta Bhaibheri kubva kunzvimbo yapamberi pedyo. Asi, kuvamba, kutarisirwa kwapamberi kwapa.

Nyaya II Nechinodikanwa Cheoath

Chinodikanwa chebumbiro remitemo nokuda kwemhiko chinoratidzira funganyo huru yavadzori pamusoro pesimba guru. Vakanga vachangobva kurwisana nechinjo mukurwisana namambo uyo akataura maruramiro oumwari; vaida kuti chiremera chapurezidhendi chive chakajeka. Mutauro wacho . “Sheveri, dzivirira nokudzivirira Bumbiro remitemo” (jena chipikirwa chisina kujeka chokutonga kwakanaka asi musengwa wapamutemo wapamutemo wapamutemo. Kupfurikidza nokupika kutsigira Bumbiro reMitemo kupfuura zvimwe zvose, purezidhendi anogamuchira basa rakaderera kumutemo wenheyo wenheyo yenyika. Uku ndiko kudzivirira nokudzivirira Hurumende yeAmerica. Nheyo inodzivisa nonongedzero ipi neipi kuna Mwari, boka, kana kuti kuvimbika kwomunhu oga. Chipikiso chacho idikachetese chose chose kuBumbiro remitemo, kwete kuvanhu, kwete kunzvimbo yehurumende, kwete kunzvimbo yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kutanga Kutanga Nokutanga

George Washington akavamba kutsaurirwa kwa 1789 kwakagadzira chiumbiso chechinhu chinenge chose chakatevera. Iye akafamba kubva paMount Vernon kuenda kuNew York City mumudungwe wakagadzirirwa kuratidzira kuzvininipisa kwenyika yeAmerica. Iye akapfeka sutu yakafara yejira reAmerica panzvimbo pokuva mambo wehondo. Muhurukuro yake yokutanga, Washington akasimbisa “kuchengetwa kwomwoto unoyera werusununguko” uye kudikanwa kwe“ mudzimu wemwero” pakati pavagari vemo. Chisarudzo chake chokuwedzera kutaura kwokuti “Iyandibetserei Mwari” pashure pemhiko yemitemo yemitemo yetsika (mukuwirirana nengano) yakaramba ichiripo, kunyange zvazvo isingadiwi nomutemo. Kuramba kusingarevi nomutemo wokuzvidira pashure pamashoko maviri akagadzwa, anoramba achinyorwa kusvikira pa2 Bhidhina raa rakava nomuromo wa1955. Chiratidzodzodzo chakaitwa chichava chibvumikiso chetsika chikuru. Panzvimbo chikuru chinobva pamutemo chinooneka zvikuru.

Chiono CheOath yePuersidenti

Mhiko ndirwo bedzi rugwaro runoda purezidhendi kutaura zvinonzwika pakutanga kweshoko ravo. Kupfupika kwaro (891 chete mashoko) (55) kunoratidza kurema kwaro kukuru kwapamutemo nokufananidzira. Mabhii ose akaitwa nenyanzvi, mapeta, uye mapurezidhendi amene. Kunzwisisa zvikamu zvemhiko kunoratidza kuti vagadziri vemifungo yacho vanoda sei kushanda secherekedzo yechiremera chomukuru.

Mashoko Eoath Nemhatsa Yawo

Chikamu II, Chikamu 1, Claus 8 chinorava, kuti: Ndinopika zvakakomba [[CH:]] kuti ndichashandisa nokutendeka Hofisi yaPurezidhendi weUnited States, uye kuti ndichapfuudza zvakanakisisa zvamano angu, kuchengeta, kudzivirira nokudzivirira Bumbiro reMitemo reUnited States.] Mubereki “(kana kusimbisa) akabatanidzwa kugarisa vaQuaker namamwe mapoka orudzidziso anoramba kupika. Kutaura kwokuti “noyera chenjera kupfuudza mutauro womutemo weChirungu uye kunoreva basa rechipfuuchipfuro kurudzi. Chitsoro cha“ dzivirira, uye dzivirira uye chitavirira chinowedzera, chinopfuurira chamapurezidhesiparamendi. Chireripo hachitongotongofaniri kutevera kudzivirira nokudzivirira murairo.

Kunyange zvazvo mashoko acho agadziriswa, kupfuudza kunosiyana. Mamwe purezidhendi akawedzera kuti “Naizvozvo ndibetserei Mwari” pakuguma; vamwe, kufanana naTheodore Roosevelt muna 1901 (pashure pokuuraya kwaMcKinley), havana. Franklin Pierce akasarudza kusimbisa panzvimbo pokupika muna 1853. Chiratidzo chikuru cheDare reProfester chinopa mhiko, asi kana Chiratidzo chikuru chikasavapo, mutongi wehurumende upi noupi angaita saizvozvo (Calvin Coolid akapirwa mumuromo wababa vake, mukuru mukuru, muna 1923. imwe ngano inoramba ichiita kuti kana purezidhendi wedare akapika, havasi pamutemo. Kutaura iko, Dare gurusasatongo ratonga mudariro. Mune Gestridheant Barba anodzo muMusitori wenhau 2009, uye Murwi mukuru wenhauri wenhau yakakurumbira; vakakanganisa muzuva rakatevera.

“ Naizvozvo Ndibetserei Mwari” Gamuchidzanwa

Wedzero ya “Naizvozvo Mwari betserai, kwete murairo webumbiro remitemo. George Washington anotaurwa kuva akakuwedzera nenzira yapachivande, kunyange zvazvo ufakazi hwenhau huri huduku. Mutungamiriri mumwe nomumwe chifo chaChester A. Arthur akashandisa mashoko acho, kunze kwaTheodore Roosevelt (akaasiya muna 1901 mumigariro yengozi) uye sezvinobvira mamwe. Mashoko acho akava nzvimbo inoyera munharo pamusoro pechechi nehurumende. Muna 2009, chinyorwa cheseripo [[FLT: 0]] Anion akabudisa musoro unoshooka mumi] musoro unoshooka weMhomba paFoths, , inova inonzwika kutsinhira kwerudzidziso. Asi gamuchidzanwa, napurezidhendi wenhau zvinozivikanwa nokusanozivikanwa namabhishopuresabhii anozivikanwa nokuda kweBhaibheri 201,1, anowedzerawo kuzvipira kwetsika dzorudzidziso. Asi anongoridzwa nokuda kwechipoteveri.

Kubatana Kunoratidza Kuti Vanhu Vakabatana

Kutsaurirwa nguva dzose kwakagadzirirwa kuumba chinzwano. Chinoitika chinounganidza mabazu ose matatu ehurumende, vatungamiriri vehondo, vamiririri, uye vagari vemo vanobva munyika iri yose. Purogiramu paWest Front yeCapitol inzvimbo yakanyatsorongwa apo vaichimbova purezidhendi, vakuru vakuru vakuru vazvino uno, uye boka rinouya rinogara pamwe chete pasinei zvapo nerwisano dzinotambudza. Kutamisirwa kworugare kwesimba ishoko rakasimba iro rimene rakasimba zvikurusa: mukwikwikwidzani anobvuma, vimbiso dzokumirira vaAmerica vose, uye michina yehurumende inopfuurira pasina masimba. Munyika umo marudzi akawanda anowana kuvhozhotera kana kuti hondo yavagari vemo pashure pevhota, kugadzwa kweAmerica ndiko kuratidzirwa kwokuzvirongwa.

Makhesi Nekukumbira Kubatana

Hurukuro yokutanga ibanza rokutanga rapurezidhendi mutsva rokutaura zvakananga kurudzi pasina mucheto. Kero huru dzakashandisa iyi nhambo kurapa mapoka. Kutanga kwechipiri kwaAbraham Lincoln muna 1865, nechikumbiro chayo che “mari inonanga kumunhu upi noupi” uye“ kutaura kwavose,” kunoramba kuri mupimo wendarama weyananiswo pashure pehondo yavagari vemo. Franklin D. Rooselt ya 1933 chiziviso chokuti “chinhu bedzi chatinofanira kutya ndiro chimene.". Yakabatanidza rudzi mukuora mwoyo. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, Purezidhendi Joe Biden’s 2021 yakadanwa zvakajeka nokuda kwokugumisa “iyi hondo yezvamatongerwe enyika”. Ayadhiyo haidiwi pamutemo kupfurikidza nechisaru, uye mumwe purezidhendi anopa Adhama (kafanana naJohn) muitiro murefu. Asi makurukurukuru anotanga kupiwa shoko rokutsoropodza kwazvo.

Vanopinda uye Vatori Mugoverano

Vaya vanopa hurukuro. Mapurezidhendi anoperekedza vatsivi vavo mumatanho eCapitol, chiito chakagadzirwa kuti chipedze kupfuurira nokuitirana zvakanaka. Apo Purezidhendi Donald Trump akaramba kupinda kutsaurirwa kwaJoe Biden muna 2021, yakaputsa gamuchidzanwa regore ra15250 (rakadzokera kuUlysses S. Grant’s 1869) uye rakatsanangurwa zvikuru sokuramba kubvumirwa kuchinjwa kworugare kwesimba. Mukupesana, Mutungamiriri wehurumende Mikerie Pence akapinda, uye aichimbova purezidhendi weObama, George. Bush, naBill Clinton vakanga varipo. Kusavapo kwapurezidhendi anoenda pasi pose uye kwakasimbiswa sei kubatana kwechingaitwa nepakati penyika yose. Kunyange zvakadaro, dare gurukota rehurumende rakaitwa paboka rehurumende, rakarebwawo bedzi.

Kubatana Kwerudzi Munguva Dzenhamo

Pashure pokunge purezidhendi aurayiwa, mhiko yacho inova chinhu chinochengetedza upenyu. Zvimwe chetezvo pashure pokurega basa kana kuti kuvhota kwairwiwa pamusoro pepamutemo. Nguva idzi dzinoedza kana tsika yacho inogona kurapa maronda kana kuti kunyora papepa chete.

Kutangwa Kwakaitwa Pashure Pokuurayiwa Kwechivi uye Kugadzwazve

Apo Purezidhendi William McKinley akapfurwa muna 1901, Theodore Roosevelt akapikirwa nokukurumidza kupinda paimba yeshamwari muBuffalo, New York, pasina boka uye pasina mhemberero. Mhiko yake pfupi yakaitwa pasina Bhaibheri() yakateverwa nokutaura kwokuvimbisa kupfuudza paMitemo yaMcKinley. Rudzi rwaida chipikirwa, uye Rooselt rwakanga rwuri chiito chokutanga chokupfuurira kupfuurira. Nenzira yakafanana, pashure pokunge John F. Kennedy auraya muna 1963, Lydon B. Johnson akapika muGudura remor Force One, akamira kukatyamadzwa kwaGa Jacqueline Kennedy. Mufananidzo wenguva iyoyo unoratidza Johnson achikwidzwa neropa rapasi richiri kuoneka.

Kurega kwaRichard Nixon muna 1974 kwakaparira rudzi rwakasiana rwenjodzi. Gerald Ford akapikirwa kuti ave purezidhendi musi waAugust 9, 1974, nemhemberero pfupi muEast House yeWhite House. Nenzira yakakurumbira yakataura kuti, “Chikanganiso chedu chenguva refu chorudzi chapera.” Kwaakatanga kuisa hurukuro yacho yekaresipo (jee) yakaitwa pasina kushamisira nokuti chiitiko chacho chakanga chiri kuchinjwa kwechinyadziso nechivimbo. Rudzi rwerudzi rwacho rwokutsiva purezidhendi ainyadziswa mukati mamaawa, pasina kupindira kwechiuto, rwakanga rwuri ratidziro rune simba rokugadziridza pamutemo. Munhambo imwe neimwe yeidziyo, mhiko yacho yakashanda somuitiro wokudzorera, kupfurikidza nenhevedzano, kuonga chiremera chakapfava.

Kupesana Kwemisi Ichangobva Kupfuura uye Kukumbira Kupora

Mutambo wacho wakanga wave wakasimba zvikuru munguva pfupi yapfuura ungava denho hurusa: muuyo wekuvhota 2020. Kudenha kwapaCapitol kwakaisa mumvuri murefu pamusoro pokutsaurirwa kwaJoe Biden mazuva ane gumi namaviri gare. Mutambo wacho umene wakachengetwa zvikuru, pasina boka ravose paNational Mall nemhaka yezvose tyisidziro dzose neCHOVAD ya19. Kuvamba kwechikamu chakatarisana chose chose chose chose neboka. Vatungamiriri vanonzi nokuda kwedzidzo itsva yavagari vemo neConstitution, kuti nyika haigoni kutora hondo inotsvuka nebhuruuswa neguta. [2]

Kutsoropodza Nenzvimbo Dzakaungana Dzakapoteredza Muzinda Weimba uye Kushambadza

Nokuda kwekutaura kwayo kwose kunobatanidza, kutsaurirwa nemhiko yapurezidhendi hakuna kudzivirirwa kukutsoropodza. Vamwe vanotaura kuti mutambo wacho wava chiono chisina maturo chinovhara kusaenzana kukuru kwouvakidzi. Vamwe vanonongedzera kukushaikwa kwemhiko yokumanikidzirwa: hakuna purezidhendi akabviswa panzvimbo yesimba nokuda kwokuputsa mhiko, uye muitiro wokuita kuti purezidhendi azvidavirire kuputsa mhiko hauna kutendwa nemuitiro wezvamatongerwe enyika. Uyu mukaha uri pakati pomutauro wakakwirira nomuromo waro unoshanda unoparira kupanikira.

Vakarasikirwa Nemikana Yokubatana

Tsika yehurukuro yokutanga yave ichishandiswa pane kugadzira mabhiriji. Kutsaurirwa kwaAndrew Jackson kwa 1829 kwakakurumbira, nenyongori yavatsigiri vachidirana neWhite House nokuisiya yarova. Munguva dzichangobva kupfuura zvikuru, vamwe purezidhendi vakashandisa mashoko avo okutanga kudenha vavengi vavo kana kuti kusimudzira zvikamu zvemagariro echinzwano. Apo purezidhendi anofamba anoramba kutora rutivi (asvos kana kuti 1869 naTrump·201 neTrump·arian shoo inorasikirwa nebhipartis. [[FLTF:]] National Archives ] akacherekedza kuti vadzoriso vamatendi veBumbiro remitemo vanokandira remitemo vanokarirwa kuva pamusoro penhau, asi vanoramba kudzoro, uye vanodzokororwa zvikuru.

Kumanikidzwa Kwemaoath Nokuzvidavirira Kwayo

Nyanzvi dzakagara dzichiitirana nharo kana mhiko yapurezidhendi ichiparira basa rinosungisa pamutemo iro rinogona kumanikidzirwa nematare kana kuti neCongress. Mubasa, mhiko yacho ndeyokuti “zvidzoresa” mupfungwa yokuti purezidhendi anoiputsa zvakakomba acharasikirwa nokuvimbwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika uye chiso chingava chikanganiso. Asi hakuna gadziriro yemitemo yokutonga kudzoreswa kwemhiko. Munhambo yeWatergate zera, Dare reHouse Judiary rakadudza kuputswa kwemhiko yake seimwe yenhau dzekusatendiswa kwenhau dzezvamatongerwe enyika (*, kuti akundikana kutarisira kuti mitemo ipedzerwe nokutendeka kwakatendeka.) Mune chipikirwa chapamutemo chinobatanidza zviitiko 6 zvaJanuary Prusten. [Foct.][0]

mhedziso

Kuisa uori paZuva rokuzvidzora uye mhiko youpurezidhendi zvinotsungirira nemhaka yokuti vanotaura nezvechinodikanwa chikuru mukudzora kwehurumende: kuendeswa kworugare, kwapamutemo kwesimba. Chinongedzero chacho chinogovera muitiro unooneka unobvumira vagari vemo kupupurira hurumende yavo kuzvimutsidzira vamene. Mhiko inogovera chibatiso chebumbiro remitemo, inoyeuchidza vose vari vaviri purezidhendi nevoruzhinji kuti hofisi yavataviri, kwete mubayiro. Kunyange zvazvo batira yavo inobatanidza inogona kuneteswa nokugara kwenzvimbo, kana kuti kuora kwesangano, chivako chapasi pevhuro chinosara. Makore mana oga oga, munguva yenjodzi, rudzi runomira kutarira munhu mumwe chete uye kudzivirira Bumbiro remitemo. Zvisinei, nguva iyoyo, kusakwana kuchiri chimwe chezvinhu zvishomanene izvo maAmerica anogona kubvumirana nechizivikano yavo kwenguva refu. Sezv zvinoitakariro refu kudaro, chibvumirano chetsika chorudzi.