Kutanga: Kubatanidzwa Kwemari Kwenyika Yose kweUniversity yeAustralia

Hurumende yeAustralia inoshanda sesangano guru rine mutoro wegadziriro yezvemari nokutarisirwa kwegadziriro yetsika dzenyika. Chinonyanya kushaikwa asi chinowanzova basa reHofisi yeHofisi ibvumirano yazvo inoramba iripo namasangano emari enyika yose (IFI). Masangano aya anobatanidza International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, uye Aziyan Development Bank (ADB). Nokushanda neaya masangano akawanda, mari inobetsera kufamba mumibato yemari yenyika yose, inobetsera kuvandudza nharaunda yeruwa, uye kuvimbisa kuti muitiro weAustralia unoratidzirwa mukudzora kwemari yamarudzi ose. Nyaya inonzvera kuti kubatanidzwa kwevei neIVHS, nei, uye migumisiro yainoita kuti ipararire nokuda kweAustralia uye nyika yose.

Kuvimbisana kwacho hakusi kungogara. Australia mutezo wemasangano eBreton Woods uye yakaramba iripo nesimba muzvivako zvawo zvokutonga. Kupfurikidza nemipiro yemari, unyanzvi, uye dzimbahwe remibatanidzwa yehurumende, Treasury inovimbisa kuti inzwi reAustralia rinonzwika munharo pamusoro pedzikamo yemari yenyika yose, mamiriro okunze, uye dambudziko. Ukama uhwu hunofanira kuva hwakafanana: IDHOREAS inogovera zvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakudzora, mitoo yenjodzi, uye nzvimbo yemitemo yokuumba inodzorwa inodzora muyambuva guru renyika yose. Sayenzi yeInternational Rebial Rivement ne Department Reliting Reaces jources jources jources journal nerences Officet of Foreign Affant and Treclaces of Australian show of alset mes of and membrivertivering and mes.

Masangano Anokosha Ezvemari Munyika Yose Nebasa reAustralia

Nyika Yose Inotenga Zvemari (IMF)

IMF isangano guru rokudzivirira kubatira pamwe kwemari yenyika yose nokugadzikana mune zvemari. Australia inomira panzvimbo paIMF’S UNICEF, inomirira kuwirirana kunobatanidza nyika dzakawanda dzePacific nedzimwe nyika. Nzvimbo inotungamirira kubatanidzwa kweAustralia neIMF, ichiitawo kurukurirano dzegore negore dzinoongorora mari yeimba uye kubatanidzwa kukurukurirano dzemasangano pamusoro pekusagadzikana kwepasi pose, kutsinhana kwemitengo, uye kuchengeteka kwechikwereti. Chikamu cheAustralia muIF – inenge 1.6% chehwerengedzo dzehwerengedzo dzeIM - inopa kodzero dzokuvhotera uye kukumbira. Munguva dzenjodzi, dzakadai senjodzi yemari ya2008 nechadenga, mari yakashanda neIMFFF kukwenyudza kodzero chaidzo chaidzo.

Boka Remabhangi Renyika Yose

Australia mutezo weInternational Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) neInternational Development Association (IDA), basa rekudzosera reWorld Bank rokudzosera ruoko nokuda kwenyika dzine urombo zvikuru. Kondirasi inoronga mipiro yeAustralia kudzongedza mibatanidzwa yeID inodzorwa uye inodzora kushanda kwepurogiramu dzeWorld Bank muSoutheast Asia nePacific. Kupfurikidza nebasa rayo somupi nomuchengeti, Australia inopesvedzera zvinhu zvokushanda zveWorld Bank, zvakadai semari musimba rakachena, bizinesike, uye mupfumbavara. Koro yeNyika inoshandawo neInternational Rebiod Corpotion (IFC) kuvhomagraise yezvirongwa zvechino chamabhizimisi zvehurumende munharaunda munharaunda umo Australia ine fariro dzakakodzera, seNew Guinea neRmomese.

Bhangi rezvokubudirira reAsia (ADB)

ADB inokosha zvikuru nokuda kweAustralia yakapiwa ngwariro yayo paAsia-Pacific nharaunda. Australia inhengo yechina inokudzwa inogara muADB uye ine chigaro paBoard yayo yeVatungamiriri. Kondirakiti inoronga nzvimbo dzeAustralia papurogiramu dzechikwereti cheADB, yamuro yezvokushandisa, uye kurukurirano dzemiitiro. Zvinhu zvazvino uno zvinobatanidza kutsigira mari yenzvimbo dzenzvimbo dzepasi nenzvimbo muPacific nezvitsuwa uye kutsigira “kuderedza 2030” izvo zvinodenha kuderera kwourombo, kuva murume, uye kukura kunowirirana. Australia inewo migove inobvumira mativi eAinfance ADB mumativi akafanana nokugoverwa kwemvura nesimba rinomutsiviwa, kutsigira kuwanikwa kwebhangi nokutarisirwa kwebasa.

Mikoto Yokubatanidzwa: Nzira Iyo Kondirakiti Yemari Yakagadzirwa Nayo

Chibvumirano cheTreasurey neIVF chinoiswa mumativi mazhinji, kurongedzerwa kwakarongwa, kurukurirano yetsika, uye batira pamwe. Imwe yemikoto inooneka zvikurusa iWorld Bank neIF Spring neMisangano yaMagore naMagore, yakaitwa mwedzi mumwe nomumwe naOctober. Vakuru vakuru vakuru veTreasure yeTreasure yeHofisi yeProrimes vanotungamirira nhume dzeAustralia, vachitora rutivi mumarusando, misangano yezvirongwa zvemari, navakuru vakuru vakuru vezvounyanzvi. Masangano aya ndiwo umo muitiro wenyika yose wemari unokurukurwa uye umo Australia inogona kusunda nokuda kwechinjo dzayorororo - zvakadai sokusimbisa mambure emari enyika ose ezvitsuwa zviduku zvemari kana kuti kufambira mberi nheyo dzemisikachato.

Kupera kwemisangano, Treasury inobetsera kuronga gadziriro kupfurikidza namapoka anoshanda uye masangano ezvokudzora. Somuenzaniso, G20 Marinance Rackey, iyo Australia yakagovera muvatungamiriri vakare, kazhinji kazhinji inotsamira pakunzverwa kwakabva kuIMF neWorld Bank. Dare rinoitawo basa neFinancial Stability Board (FSB) panhau dzekudzosera uye nesangano reCMCF Co-operation and Development (OECD) pakuoneka kwomutero nemipimo yapamutemo – kunyange zvazvo OECD isiri iI mupfungwa yegamuchidzanwa, inowirirana mumibato.

Imwe nzira inodenha igadziriro yebetsero yemichina. Vakuru vakuru veUnion Treasury yeAustralia vanopa donzo rokugadzira kana kuti kubatira savamiriri pakutarisirwa kwemari, nzira dzechikwereti, uye kutarisirwa kwemari yavose munyika dzinowirirana. Iyi “parutivi pegungwa". Kuvimbisana kunovaka nzvimbo dzokushandira pamwe muPacific neSoutheast Asia, kuchisimudzira nzwisiso huru yemiitiro yeAustralia inoswedera. Inoitawo mibatanidzwa yamasanga iyo inopfavarira mashoko anoyananisa mukati menjodzi.

Mipiro yemari ndiimwe wirirano inooneka. Australia inovimbisa zvikwereti zvokubvuma kubvumirwa uye inopa kuIDA, ADB’S Asian Development Fund, uye IMF’s Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust. Konquisi yemari inodzora iri dzimbahwe rinoyerera, ichivimbisa kuti zvinowirirana nebhajeti yeyamuro yeAustralia nezvokutanga zvemitemo zvokunze. Mumari yeADBRA, Australia yakaisa AUD 400 000 000 000 kuIM’S PRGT neAUD 300 000 000 000 kumawindi anokweretesa. Mari iyi haisati iri yorumbiso; ivo vanobetsera mari inodzosa zvokubetsera mari inodzorwa yemari yokumwe nyika dzinoshatsa idzo dzine chokuita bhizimisi nechengeteko yeAustralia.

Fundo Dzenhau Mubatira Pamwe Yevemari 23IFI

Kupindura Covidim 8819 Pandemic

Dambudziko racho rakaedza mano evezvokushanda pamwe chete neCHEMI yeIF pasi pedzvinyiriro huru. Muna 2020, Australia yakatsigira kukura nokukurumidza kwenzvimbo dzemari dzeIMF, kubatanidza Caastrope Complete Complete and Relation Trust neroasurence system . Komishinari yakashanda neADB neWorld Bank kukurumidzisa tsigiro yezveutano hwemarudzi ePacific, kubvisa mari inobvumira nyika kubvumira nyika kutenga majekiseni nemigove yezvokurapa. Australia yakashandisawo nzvimbo yayo muIMF's pureant kudzorera kugoverwa kwenhau kweUSDR muS muna August 2021. Uku kugovera uku kutsigira kukurumidza kutsigira nyika dziri mubatanidzwa, uye Australia inogovera nzvimbo yeSDR kupfurikidza nokuzvidomaumoyo kumarudzi ayo eIMFFive kuIM.

Basa revezvemari rakabatsirawo pakuronga maitiro: Vakuru vakuru veAustralia vakabetsera kuumba zano rokuongorora reIMF pakutarisirwa kwezvikwereti munyika duku ndokukurudzira kuti pave nokuongororwa kwemamiriro okunze muChikamu IV.

Mari Yemamiriro Okunze muPacific

Chinjo yemamiriro okunze ityisidziro hurusa kunzanga dzokurarama dzezvitsuwa zvePacific, uye KANAI mikoto mikuru yemari yemamiriro okunze. Australia yashandisa mitezo yayo yeADB neWorld Bank kutungamirira dzimbahwe kunzvimbo dzinomutsidzirwazve simba, dziviriro yemhenderekedzo yegungwa, uye kurima kwakasimba. Somuenzaniso, “Pacificial Climate Changel Programme” - coōngined neAustralia – yakatsigira synèmetricigrids muKiribati negungwa muvako yeFiji. The Treat, inoshanda neDheam of Climate, Ener, Environment, Environment, Environment, , inobetsera nokuda kweizvi zvinyorwa nokushanda kweAustralia kupfurikidza nokunzvera.

PaWorld Bank, Australia yave iri murevereri wenzwi nokuda kwe “Dema neDevelopment Report” chirongwa, icho chinowirirana bhangi nenharidzano dzomugariro wemhoteredzo wenyika. Muna 2023, Treasury yakatsigira mepu yemhindumupindu yeWorld Bank iyo yakawedzera mamiriro ayo okunze akabatanidza kukweretesa kubva pa 28% kusvikira ku 45% yezvibvumirano zvose panosvika 2025. Nepo ikoku kuri chipfuro chenyika yose, kuvimbisa kweAustralia kwakavimbisa kuti zvinhu zvePacific zvakabatanidzwa zvakajeka, zvakadai sokuderera kwengwavaira uye kubvumiraniswa kwemibato nokuda kwokuchinjika.

Betsero Dzokubatanidzwa Zvakadzama

Basa reChitery neOBR rinopiwa neveAustralia rinonzi IS rinopa betsero dzakati wandei dzinoruramisa nguva inokosha nezvinhu zvinopiwa kwairi.

Kuzvidzora kwomugariro wokunze uye rutava rwakasimba rwekotsekano [[FLT: 1]: Kupfurikidza nokutora rutivi muIF yokunzvera nokudzora, Australia inowana nyevero yapakuvamba yetsika dzemari yenyika yose uye inogona kugadziridza miitiro yayo imene muwirirano. IDIF inogoverawo mukweretesi wokupedzisira wenyika dziri munjodzi, kuderedza ngozi yokutapukira kumabhangi eAustralia uye shamwari dzebhizimisi. Somuenzaniso, mukati meAsian Filiance Prisities of 199798, marongedzero eIMF muThailand neIndonesia akabetsera kubhangidzira nokurasikirwa nokuda kweAustralia inotumira mari. Misi ichangobva kukurumidza zvikuru, kuderedza mamiriro ezvinhu akasimba akasimba akasimba zvikuru eIMFFF yakapa nyika yepasi pekupinda pasina kudzoseranwa kubviswa chikanganwa chitsamariro chetsika chetsika yetsika yetsika yetsika yemagamuchidzanwa yeIMFFFF.

Kudzorwa kwemitemo yenyika yose[[FLT: 1]: KANA kuti iko kuri uko mitemo yemari yenyika yose inokurukurwa. Zvigaro zvayo pamapurazi makuru uye kutora rutivi mumatare, zvimiro zveTende yeTream pakurongazve chikwereti (g., Sumfore), tarisiro yezvikwata zvemari, uye mirauriro yemitengo yemari. Australia yakashandisa iyi pesvedzero kusimudzira kujeka kwemingava yechikwereti chapamutemo uye kutsigira zviito zvakafanana ne “Comemoni yeSabata reProm Reractive". shoo yePromen. shoo yePromes inobetsera kuti dare rive rinova nechokwadi chokuti kufamba zvakanaka kumitengo yapakati pekuwana uye nyika duku.

Tsika dzapanguva dzose dzakawiriraniswa nefariro dzeAustralia: KANA iri mikoto inobudirira zvikuru nokuda kwokupayamura nemhaka yokuti inoshanda, gadziriro dzavo dzokuwana dzinooma, uye zvirongwa zvavo kazhinji kazhinji zvakakura muuremu kupfuura izvo gadziriro dzemichina yemichina yoga yoga dzinogona kuita. KuAustralia, iyi nzira yokuti mari iri yose yakagoverwa kuADB kana kuti IDA yakawedzerwa kanoverengeka. Utariridzo yeCHO inovimbisa kuti mari iyi inopedzwa munharaunda dzinowirirana nemitemo yokumwe Australia inowirirana nemitemo yokunze kwegungwa - zvikurukuru muPacific, kuchinja kwezvemari muSoutheastrian Asia, uye kutsigira miraurongwa yakawanda.

inopa mikana yedzidzo yemadhipatimendi enyika yemadhipatimendi : Madhipatimendi edzidzo eIMF neWorld Bank anobudisa nzvero yakakwirira yemitengo kubva kumitero kuenda kumirando yemari. Korenda inopinza zivo iyi kupfurikidza nefundo, gadziriro dzerovedzo, uye nhevedzano yechipiri. Iyi “nzanga yedzidzo yemiitiro yehurumende” inobetsera vakuru vakuru veAustralia kuramba vachipinda mberi kwomuitiro wakanakisisa wenyika yose mumuitiro wetsika, kutarisirwa kwechikwereti, uye miraudzo yemacrobhgradia. Inogoverawo manyuko asingatsigiriki ezano anogona kushandiswa kuzivisa kurukurirano dzomumba.

Matambudziko uye Kunetseka Kwaiita Vanhu

Chibvumirano neIFEIS hachisi chisina rwisano. Chinetso chinodzokororwa chinoreva kuti KANA kuti ivava vadzoreri zvikuru uye vanononoka kupindura kunjodzi dzinokurumidza kufamba. Bheki pane dzimwe nguva yakasundirwa nokuda kwemiitiro yokusavimba paADB neWorld Bank, asi chinjo yakaoma nemhaka yechiverengero chavatambi nefariro dzinodzikira. Kumwe kunetseka kunomuka nezvinodikanwa zvinokwikwikwidza kuva mupi nomuchengeti. Australia inofanira kudzikamisa chishuvo chayo chokupesvedzera I kudzorwa neganhuriro dzayo paI, uye panguva dzinove shoo yemari inofanira kusarudza pakati pegadziriro huru yeI yeI uye zvirongwa zvokubetsera zvinopa mari izvo zvinopa miuyo inooneka zvikuru.

Kunewo nhau ye “rivo nemirairo”. Sezvo simba rapakati, Australia haishandisi pesvedzero imwe cheteyo seUnited States, China, kana kuti Japan. Vakuru vakuru vevezvokugadzirwa kwemari vanofanira naizvozvo kushanda kupfurikidza namasangano – akadai sePacific Islands Forum kana kuti mapoka anoshanda – kuwedzera nzvimbo dzavo. MuIMF, kuwirirana kweAustralia kunobatanidza nyika duku dzinoverengeka dzine zvinhu zvokutanga zvakasiana zvikuru. Hurumende yave ichiisa basa mukuvaka chivimbo kuvakwa navakwanyina ava, asi muitiro wacho inguva yeIM.

Pakupedzisira, kune denho dziri kumuka pamusoro pebasa rinokura reChina muIFII uye kutangwa kwamasangano anotsiva akadai seAsian Infrapublicre Investment Bank (IIB). Nepo Australia iri mutezo wakagadzwa weAIB, bvumirano yeTreasury nayo inongwarira zvikuru kupfuura ADB kana kuti World Bank. Komiteri inofanira kunzvera kuwirirana kwezvenyika nenzvimbo nenzvimbo nepo ichivimbisa kuti masangano eChina anotenderwa haasati achisekedzei mipimo yehurumende iyo Australia inokoshesa. Iyi nhambo inoraira kunzvera kunopfuurira uye kujekeswa kwefariro dzakajeka dzeAustralia.

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi: Basa Rinochinja Rokutarisira Mari

Kutarira mberi, kuvimbisana kweNzvimbo yeUnion System neIFE kungawedzera mumativi matatu. Chokutanga, mari yezvemamiriro okunze icharamba iri chinhu chikuru. Treasur ichava chinhu chikuru kuumba “Climate ~ ~ ~mart Development” Window ne“ Evolution Gardmap" yeWorld Bank iyo inovavarira kubatanidza nharidzano dzemamiriro okunze mumabasa ose. Australia inokarirwa kutsigira nokuda kwezviwanikwa zvinobvumirwa nokuda kwokuchinjika muPacific, sezvinobvira kupfurikidza nechitsama chakavimbika chakatsaurirwa paIII [“Exposiad Religion recureal coography ”]

Chechipiri, mari yemadhigineti nokukwira kwemitengo yebhangi yemari yeAustralia inopa nhau itsva nokuda kweIFI udzori. IMF iri kutoongorora zvinorehwa nemitemo yeCBDC uye madhingi, uye bhizimisi richada kuva nechokwadi chokuti zvinhu zveAustralia zvinoda kugadzikana kwemadhora eAustralia uye kushanda zvakanaka kwegadziriro yokubhadhara - zvinodzivirirwa. Vakuru vakuru veAustralia vangangoda kumanikidza kuti zvitevedzere mipimo inodzo inodzivisa mitauro inodzivirira kutsarukana, ingagona kukuvadza bhizimisi renyika dzinodarika makomo muAsia.

Chechitatu, utano hwemubatanidzwa wemari yamarudzi ose hucharamba huri donzo guru. Nemwero yakakwirira yezvikwereti zvenyika yose uye mwero yemubereko zvinokwira, nyika zhinji dzichiri kubudirira dziri kutarisana nenhamo yechikwereti. Bheki rakatsigira kugadzirwa kweIMF kwe “Relificial and Superating Trust Trust" uye kushandiswa kukuru kwezvibvumikiso zveWorld Bank kudzimbahwe rapachivande. Munhambo yezvokurangarira, kuvimbisa kwevemari kungavavarira kuvandudza mutoo weIMF kuti iratidzire zviri nani kurema kwezvemari seAustralia neyakabatana nayo yeruwa.

Pakupedzisira, Nyubhu yeUniversity ichapfuurira kuisa mari mudzimbahwe romunhu. Purogiramu yeAustralia ye “IFIS Cadre”, inoshandiswa neveHofisi, inorovedza vakuru vakuru vepakati peNhengo dzeNhengo dzeIF, World Bank, uye ADB. Ikoku hakungovaki unyanzvi bedzi mukati mehurumende yeAustralia asiwo inoumba mubatanidzwa wealsumni anonzwisisa vanamakendi. Mumakore gumi anotevera, bhedhirendi iri richava rinokosha mukuvimbisa kuti Australia ichava inorema kupfuura kupfuudza kwayo mumitengo yezvoupfumi hwenyika yose.

mhedziso

Kuvimbisana kwevezvemari neveAustralia ibasa renyika dzakawanda rakasiyana, rinoita kuti pave nebasa repamusoro kupfuura kupinda kwegadziriro dzemibatanidzwa yezvemari. Nokushingaira mukudzora, kushanda, uye kufambira mberi kwetsika dzeIMF, World Bank, neADB, Sangano rinobatsira kuchengetedza mari yeAustralia, kusimbisa pesvedzero yayo muAsia nharaunda, uye kuvandudza mari munyika yose. Zvinetso zvokuchinja, mabhizimisi akaganhurirwa zvinoda unyanzvi uye kudzorwa kwenguva dzose. Asi mari inobatsira - kwezvakako zvinodzivirira zvikuru, inzwi guru, uye kubudirira kunoitwa kuti pave nebasa reIVHFOCF yehurumende rinokanganisa zvikuru. Mamite ehurumende, mazauko anoramba achingofanira kudzorwa, uye kudzorwa kwemitengo yemari inotongedzerwa.

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