Kunzwisisa Mitemo Inorambidza Kubvumirana Nevamwe

Mitemo yekuzivisa pachena, inowanzonzi mitemo yehurumende yokuonesa kana kuti mitemo yakazaruka, igadziriro dzemitemo dzinoda kuti masangano ehurumende aite mabasa awo, zvisarudzo, uye zvinyorwa zvinosvikwa kuvanhu. Iyi mitemo inosiana zvikuru mumativi ose asi inogoverana nharidzano imwe: kuva nechokwadi chokuti vagari vemo vanogona kunzvera zviito zvehurumende. Pasina kujeka kwakadaro, ngozi dzehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu dzinova dzakajeka, dzine simba rakavakirwa mumaoko evakuru vakuru vakuru vanoshanda pasina utariri hune revo.

Pamitemo yazvo, iyi mitemo inoraira kuti masangano ehurumende azivise marudzi akati emashoko nenzira inoshingaira ndokupindura kuzvikumbiro zvavagari vemo nokuda kwezvinyorwa. Huzhinji hunobatanidza kutengeserana kwemari, maminiti emisangano, zvibvumirano, nyorerana pakati pavakuru vakuru, uye magwaro emitemo. Nheyo iri pasi apa yakapfava: vanhu vane maruramiro okuziva kuti mari yavo yemitero inopedzerwa sei uye kuti zvisarudzo zvinotapura sei upenyu hwavo zvinoitwa .

MuUnited States, chiratidzo Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) yakaitwa muna 1966, kugadza kodzero yehurumende yokuwana zvinyorwa zvebazu. Nenzira yakafanana, Acccess kuChirevo [ muCanada (1903) uye [[FLT: 4.] Freedom of Information Act [ muUnited Kingdom imwe neimwe inoumba chinyorwa chapamutemo icho zvinyorwa zvehurumende zvinofanira kuziviswa kutoshatiswa. Pamitengo yomunzvimbomo, miraudzo inowedzerwa kuoneka.

Gadziriro Huru Dzemitemo Yokusabvumirana Pamutemo

Kunyange zvazvo mashoko acho achisiyana, mitemo yakawanda inopa mikana inobatsira:

  • [ Kuzivikanwa kwokuva akajeka: Zvinyorwa zvinofanira kuziviswa kutoti kusunungurwa chaiko kuchishanda.
  • [ Zvinodikanwa zvenguva: Masangano anofanira kupindura zvikumbiro mukati menhamba yakagadzwa yamazuva ebhizimisi (kazhinji 20 kusvikira ku30).
  • Mitengo yepamutengo: ine mufungo ingabhadharwa nokuda kwokukopa nokutsvaka, asi mitemo yakawanda inoganhurira ndyiko kuvimbisa kuti kusvika kunoramba kuripo.
  • Kusapinda kwavose kunobatanidza chengeteko yenyika, kuva woga, kunzvera kwokuchengeta mutemo, uye zvakavanzika zvokushambadzira.
  • [ Muitiro weAppet: Vakumbiri vanogona kudenha kuramba kupfurikidza nokukumbira kwehurumende kana kuti chiito chedare.

Kushanda kweiyi mitemo, zvisinei, kunotsamira zvikuru pamashandisirwe ayo. Mutemo unoshandiswa zvisina kunaka, usingadzorwi, kana kuti unowanzofuratirwa haugoni kuita donzo rawo. nhamburiko dzemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi muCongress yeU.S. kusimbisa FOIA kuenzanisira kudikanwa kunopfuurira kwokuvandudza.

Kukosha Kwokuzvidavirira Kwehurumende

Kuzvidavirira kwehurumende mutoro wavakuru vakuru vehurumende namasangano wokutsanangura zviito zvavo, kugamuchira mutoro, uye miuyo nokuda kwomufambiro wakashata. Ndiko kuoma kwekudzora kwehurumende yehurumende, kuchiva nechokwadi chokuti simba rinoshandiswa nenzira ine mufungo uye mufariro yavose. Pasina kuzvidavirira, ushati, tsvina, uye udzori hunodzora.

Chikonzero Nei Nhau Dzokuzvidavirira

Kuzvidavirira kunobatira mabasa anokosha akawanda muhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu ine utano hwakanaka:

  • inoparira ushati nokushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba: Apo vakuru vakuru vanoziva zviito zvavo zvinonzverwa, havatongopindi mufufuro, kugovera tsvina, kana kuti mimwe mibato isiri yapamutemo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Chivimbo chavanhu vose chinoitwa nokusarerekera: Vagari vemo vanodavira kuti hurumende yavo inojeka uye vanozvidavirira sezvingabvira zvikuru vanowirirana nemitemo, vanobhadhara mitero, uye vanotora rutivi muupenyu hwomunzanga.
  • Promotes dzinoziva kuita zvisarudzo: Masangano enzanga avagari vemo anoda mashoko akarurama kuti aongorore kushanda kwehurumende uye kutsigira kuchinja.
  • [[FLT: 0] anorevesa kuvimbisana nzanga: Vanhu pavanonzwisisa kuti zvisarudzo zvinoitwa sei, vangangovhota, kupinda dare, uye kupa mupiro kuhurukuro yavose.
  • Kubvumikisa muitiro miuyo: dzvinyiriro dzokuzvidavirira dzinomanikidzira hurumende kururamisa zvisarudzo zvadzo, kazhinji kazhinji kuchitungamirira kumiitiro iri nani, yakavakirwa paufakazi yakawanda.

Kubatana kuripo pakati pokuona zviri pachena nokuzvidavirira hakungoerekani kwaitika; kunoda kunyora nhau kwokushingaira, kutarira vagari vemo, uye kushanda kwepamutemo kwakasimba.

Kuwedzera Kunoita Mitemo Yokusabvumirana Nevanhu Vose Kunoita Kuti Vanhu Vazvidavirire

Mitemo yokuzivisa pachena inoshanda somugero uri pakati pehurumende nevanotongwa, ichichinja miitiro yesangano isingaitiki kuti isvike.

Kupa Simba Vatori Venhau Nemasangano Anorinda

Vatori venhau vanotsamira zvikuru pamazita avose kuti vaongorore uye vape mushumo pamusoro pemibato yehurumende. Kuratidzirwa kwokupambadza mari, rwisano dzefariro, uye kundikano dzemiitiro zvinowanzovamba nechikumbiro cheFOIA kana kuti kuhwirudzurwa kwamaminiti emisangano anowanika pachena. Kuzviratidza muHurumende muchikamu chaPunity[ uye masangano akafanana ne [FLT:] Komiti yeRusununguko yePress[FLT] inogovera rovedzo uye pamutemo inotsigira vatori venhau ichishandisa mitemo iyi. Somuenzaniso, zvikumbiro zvaFLT [FFFFF:] .SHton Post[FFLT] yakaziviswa nenzira yokushambadzira paPromed, kutungamirira kukuru kutungamirira kugadziridza.

Kusika Muuyo Unotsausa

Kuona chitarisiko kunoshanda sechidzivisiro kumufambiro usina kunaka. Apo vakuru vakuru vanoziva kuti matsamba avo, zvirongwa, uye kuziviswa kwemari zvingava mudzokororwa, havangatongopindi mumufambiro unopanikirika mutsika. Nzvero yakaitwa ne ightight Foundation [ yakawana kuti mitemo yapapepa yakakwirira zvikuru inowana mwero yakaderera zvikuru youshati hwavanhu vose sezvinoyerwa nezvitendero pasi pemirauori hwehurumende.

Kutarisira Nemitemo Nemabhodhiya Eendependent

Matare apamutemo, vaongorori, uye vaongorori vakuru vanotsamira pakuwana magwaro ehurumende kuti aite basa rawo rokutarisira. Mitemo yokuzivisa pachena inovimbisa kuti aya madare anotarisira anogona kuwana marekodhi aanoda kunzvera kushata kunobvira. Somuenzaniso, Office yeHurumende yeAccounting Accounting (GAO) uye vaongorori vehurumende vanoshandisa nguva dzose kusvika kwavo kwemitemo kuhwirudzura zvibvumirano zvehurumende nokutaura kwemari.

Mugari Wemo Anokweva Anotora Rutivi

Vabereki vanogona kuongorora zvisarudzo zvedare rezvikoro, vashingairi vezvekutsigira mhoteredzo, uye vanasaimba vebhizimisi vaduku vanogona kuongorora zvinyorwa zvenhau. Uku kuoneka kunosimbisa hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu pamwero uri wose.

Zvinetso Zvinopikiswa Nemitemo Inorambidza Kuteerera

Pasinei zvapo noukoshi hwayo, mitemo yokuzivisa pachena inotarisana nedenho dzinopfuurira dzinonetesa kubudirira kwayo.

Mutauro Wakashata Nokupopotedzana Mumutemo

Mitemo yakawanda yezaruro yakanyorwa namashoko makuru, asina kujeka anosiya nzvimbo nokuda kwedudziro. Mashoko akadai se "maitiro okududzira" kana kuti "mashoko akavanzika" akatambanudzwa kururamisa kusasarura. Mitemo inochinja inotonga inokamuranisazve kuwirirana, kuvamba nhevedzano inosiana nechiremera uye kunyange nedare.

Kunyanyisa Nekutaura Kwokuvanza

Nepo kuhesvura kuri madikanwa nokuda kwokudzivirira kuvandika nokuchengeteka kwenyika, kazhinji kazhinji kunoshandiswa zvakanyanyisa. Hurumende dzingadudza kusunungurwa kwakafara kudzivisa kuziviswa kunokwenudza kana kuti kudzivirira mashoko anotapurika mune zvamatongerwe enyika. ropafadzo yezvakavanzika zvehurumende muUnited States, somuenzaniso, yakakumbirwa kumisa FOIA zvikumbiro kunyange apo purofiti yechengeteko yorudzi isina kujeka iri mungozi. Kuchinja kunovavarira kusimbisa mipimo yokurega kubuda muhondo uye kunoda masangano kuratidzira kuvadziko chaiyo pamberi pokuisa mapepa.

Mazano Okushandisa Mari

Kuronga zvikumbiro zvekuzivisa pachena kunoda nguva yevashandi nemari. Masangano akawanda, zvikurukuru pamwero womunzvimbomo, kushaiwa vakuru vakuru veFOIA vakazvitsaurira kana kuti ruzivo rwakakwana kubata zvikumbiro nenzira inobudirira. Mitemo yemwedzi kana kuti kunyange makore inozivikanwa navose, zvinoramba nenzira inobudirira kusvika. Mushumo wa2019 kubva kuNational Freedom of Information Coalition wakawana kuti hurumende namasangano omunzvimbomo kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji anodudza kuperevedza kwemari sechikonzero chokunonoka.

Kusakendenga Kworuzhinji uye Kungwarira

Vagari vemo vazhinji havazivi nezvekodzero yavo yokukumbira marekodhi ehurumende kana kuti havazivi nzira yokunyora nayo chikumbiro. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kunyange apo zvinyorwa zvinobudiswa nenzira inopfuurira, zvakaoma kuwana kana kuti kushandiswe munzira dzisati dziri shamwari youshamwari. Mapoka ezvikoro anozvibata Igcon-Kuziva , asi kutora rutivi kunoramba kuri pasi mukugona kuitwa.

Zvipingamupinyi Zvesayenzi Nokukamuraniswa Kwemadhigirii

Kunyange zvazvo hurumende dzakawanda dzichibudisa mashoko paIndaneti, vanhu havasi vose vane indaneti yakavimbika kana kuti vane unyanzvi hwokuverenga nokunyora kuti vatsvake mapepa ekombiyuta, uye kuti vakwanise kuashandisa zviri nyore.

Kuongorora Nyaya: Mitemo Inorambidzwa Nevanhu Vose Inoshanda

Mienzaniso chaiyo yenyika inoratidza simba uye kuganhurirwa kwemitemo yokuzivisa pachena.

Rusununguko Rwemashoko Runoita Chiito muUnited States

Chifo chokupfuura kwayo muna 1966, FOIA yakashandiswa kufukura chinhu chiri chose kubva kushatiso yemhoteredzo pamavambo ehondo kusvikira kukupambadza kushambadza kufamba kwehurumende. profile inoshandiswa kubatanidza kubudiswa kwe Dowing Street Memory[ (inopa chiedza pamusoro pekutungamirira kuhondo yeIraq) uye kuziviswa kwe [[FLT:] FINC] zvinyorwa zvenhau [ zvine chokuita namapoka ekodzero dzavagari vemo. Zvisinei, FOIA yakatsoropoteswawo nokuda kwechirekoso chayo. Mugore ra2022, masangano ehurumende akagamuchira zvikumbiro zvinopfuura 92 000, nenguva yeavhareji yemwedzi yakawanda nokuda kwezvikumbiro zvakaoma. [FL:]

Kuwana Mashoko MuCanada

Mutemo wokuwana weCanada, wakaitwa muna 1983, wave uchikosha mukuzivisa kusazvibata kwehurumende. Zvibudirire zvisingacherechedzwi zvinobatanidza kubudiswa kwezvinyorwa pamhosva yepachinonyadzisa chekupinda mumugwagwa [icho chakatungamirira kukupunzika kwehurumende yeLiberal muna 2006. Kunyange zvakadaro, vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti mutemo wacho wakaregeredzwa, nenzvimbo dzakawanda zvikuru (kubatanidza chivimbo cheKibian). Mutungamiriri wezvinadzidzo weCanada akadana adanazve nokuda kwokuvandudza zvikuru, kubatanidza chiono chakasimba zvikuru chokuzivisa.

Marekodhi Avanhu Vose Anoshanda Nehurumende muU.S.

Mitemo yakadai se Text (Chiito chePublic Information Act) uye New York [ (Rusununguko Rwemashoko]) yave iri mienzaniso yokuona. MuTexas, mutemo unoda kuti masangano ehurumende apindurire kukumbiro mumazuva gumi ebhizimisi, uye Hofisi yeAttrorney General anowirirana. Zvisinei, kunyange muaya masangano akasimba, zvinetso zvinopfuurira. Somuenzaniso, 202020 yakawana kuti mamwe madhipatimendi emapurisa akanga achifuratira zvikumbiro zvemichina chitsarudzo chetsika dzemabhara, kududza kusunungura kushambadza.

Miitiro Yakanakisisa Yokubvumira Mitemo Yavose

Kuti dziwedzere simba remitemo yokuzivisa pachena, hurumende dzinofanira kutevedzera miitiro yakanakisisa yakavakirwa pauchapupu.

Simbisa Mutauro Unoratidza Kuti Uri Kutevedzera Uye Cherevedza Kutsamwa

Mitemo inofanira kurondedzera mashoko makuru zvakajeka uye kuderedza zvibudiso. Act yeHurumende ya2007[FLT ] muUnited States yakabatidzwa FOIA kupfurikidza nokuda masangano kupedza zvikumbiro nokukurumidza zvikuru uye kushuma pamusoro pebasa rawo. Nenzira yakafanana, [[FLT:] mamiriro enhau akazarukira mabasa akarongwa namasangano akafanana neNational Conference of State Legislatures anogovera matepinduro ebasa rawo, mutauro unoteererwa.

Kuwedzera Kwemari Nokutsigira Kushandira Kumwe

Translative haisati iri yapachena. Hurumende dzinofanira kugovera bhajeti dzakakwana nokuda kwamahofisi eFOIA, rovedzo, uye ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu. FOIA.gov inogovera mashoko pamusoro pokushanda kwesangano, kusimbisa uko bhizimisi rinodikanwa zvikurusa. Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinogona kugoverana zviwiro kupfurikidza nokugadza mahofisi okuoneka kwenharaunda.

Michina Inovhara Michina Inoshanda

Panzvimbo pokumirira zvikumbiro, hurumende dzinofanira kukurumidza kubudisa mashoko ane ukoshi hwakakwirira paIndaneti. Hurumende iOpen Directive yakabudiswa nemutungamiriri weObama inoda masangano kuti atumire mapepa akakumbirwa kazhinji kazhinji panzvimbo dzavo dzewebsite. Uku kuderedza nhamba yezvikumbiro zvomunhu mumwe nomumwe uye kuita kuti mashoko awanike nokukurumidza. California akatanga masuota akakwana ezviteshivi anobvumira vagari vemo kunzvera, kupedza, uye kunyora mashoko.

Kuitisa Nhimbe Dzokudzidzisa Vanhu

Vagari havagoni kushandisa maruramiro avasingazivi pamusoro pawo. Hurumende dzinofanira kutsigira zviziviso zvebasa ravose, maProgramu epaIndaneti, uye zvitoro zvenzanga zvinotsanangura nzira yokunyora nayo zvikumbiro. Zvikwata neraibhurari, mapoka ehurumende, uye zvikoro zvinogona kufutunuka. Rusununguko rweNational of Information Coalition[[FLT: 1]

Gadzirira Mitumbi Yakazvimirira

Mumiririri akazvimirira kana kuti mumiririri wemashoko anogona kunzvera zvichemo pamusoro pekusawirirana nenhau dzinobatanidza mitemo. U.S. Office of Government Information Service (OGIS) inogona kubatira sechibvumirano chenharo dzeFOIA asi asina simba rokuchengeta. Mukupesana, Commissioner’s Officeer [[ muUnited Kingdom ine chiremera chokubudisa fauriro nokuda kuziviswa.

Kugadzira Magetsi Azvino Uno

Sezvo kurukurirano dzehurumende dzinochinja kuenda kuemail, apps, uye misangano yevhidhiyo, mitemo inofanira kugadziridzwa. Zviteshi zvinofanira kugamuchirwa nemitemo yokutarisira inovimbisa kuti kurukurirano dzose dzapamutemo dzinobatwa, dzakachengetwa, uye dzinosechwa. [[FLT:] Prefessiential Records Act[[FLT:] uye [[FLT]FF]FED]Records Acts Act [ inogovera zvirongwa, asi puro dzinodikanwa kufukidza marekodhineti.

mhedziso

Mitemo yemhesano yehurumende inozvidavirira, inopa chiratidzo. Inopa simba vagari vemo, vatori venhau, uye masangano anotarisira kuti vapiwe mutoro nokuda kwezviito zvavo. Ufakazi hwakajeka: masimba ane mitemo yakasimba yokuona pachena anowana uori hushoma, chivimbo chavanhu chikuru, uye udzori hunobudirira zvikuru. Asi iyi mitemo haisati iri kuzviparadza imene. Inoda kunyora zvakajeka, zviwanikwa zvakakwana, kusimbisa basa, uye kuvimbisa vanhu vose.

Denho dzinosara( --vague translations), kunonoka kwehurumende, uye kusakendenga kwavanhu kunotyisidzira chipikirwa chokuona. Asi nzira iri mberi yakajeka zvakaenzana. Nokugamuchira miitiro yakanakisisa: kusimbisa mutauro wemitemo, kubvumirana nemari, kuzivisa, uye dzidzo yavose (mahurumende) anogona kuchinja chinangwa chehurumende yakazaruka kuva yechokwadi. Munhambo yokuderera kwechivimbo mumasangano edemokrati, mitemo yokuzivisa pachena inopa nzira yakatenderwa kuvakazve kutenda mugadziriro. Rurado rwokuziva harusi ruzazati; inheyo yokuzvimirira.