Chitanga: Hwaro Hwokutonga Kwakarurama

Gadziriro yokutenga zvinhu zvavose yeIndia ndeimwe yemitengo mikurusa munyika, inoita kuti inenge 20-30% yeGDP yenyika. Yakapiwa mwero wokushandisa (mazakwatira emari) emari yemari yemari gore negore (jekiseni rekutenga zvinhu, mabasa, uye mabasa anokanganisa upfumi, utano hwemari, uye chivimbo chavanhu. Mumakore gumi apfuura, kutevedzana kwemiitiro yemitemo yokuchinja zvinhu zvakatangwa kuchinja yaichimbova chinhu chakare, mapepa akaitwa nenzira yemichina, inova pachena, uye inokwikwikwidza. Iyi chinjo hadzisi haisiwo tarisiro yokutungamirira chete; dzinomirira kuchinja kukuru kukudzora.

Chinhu chinokosha cheiyi shanduro musengwa wehurumende ku kugadziridza , miitiro inowirirana [, uye marongerwo anosiya nzvimbo duku nokuda kwokuchenjera kana kuti ushati. Nyaya inonzvera mitemo inotsigira gadziriro dzemagadzirirwo ezvino uno, nzira yainotsigira nayo kujeka nokubudirira, simba ravo rinodzorwa, uye denho dzinopfuurira idzo vagadziri vemiitiro vanofanira kutaura.

Kupfupikisa kwegadziriro yokurapa yapachena yeIndia

Kuwana ruzhinji muIndia kunodzorwa zvikurukuru neGeneral Financial Miles (GFR), Manual for Processiation of Goods, uye nhungamiro dzakananga dzakabudiswa neBato rokusimudzira Indaneti yeBhizimisi neTrakata (DPIIT) neMinistry of Mari. Pakati, Mutungamiriri weDerretate of Transformations and Dispositals (DGS&D) anobata zvinhu zvakawanda zvamangwana, asi mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya basa racho rakachinjirwa kumuenzaniso wakafanira apo vamirioni nezvikamu zvavose zvinoshandira (PU) zvinokwanisa kuzviwanira zvigaro zvavo muamburiritenzi.

Mwero wacho unoshamisa: Masangano ehurumende anopfuura 50 000 anobatanidzwa mukuwana mari, achipedzera mari inofungidzirwa kuva 7610 -12 gore negore pazvinhu zvoga, achibvisa mabasa makuru ezvirongwa. Kuchinja gadziriro yakadaro inowedzera hakungodi mitemo chete asiwo zvinhu zvemagetsi uye kuchinja kwetsika kuti zvive nyore.

Kugadzirwa Kwemitemo Nokutungamirira

Michina mikuru inorondedzera miitiro yokuwana yeIndia inobatanidza:

  • .General Financial Mitemo (GFR), 2017: Ipai nheyo dzinonyanyodzora nokuda kwokutarisirwa kwemari uye kuwanikwa nemasangano ehurumende. Vanoraira makwikwi okuvhura, kujeka mukuyera, uye kushandiswa kwokuwana zvose zviri pamusoro apa.
  • Runyorero rwokugadziridza Mafaro, 2017: Runopa miitiro ine udzame yokunyorera, kuyera, uye kuronga chibvumirano, zvichisimbisa kushandiswa kwezvinyorwa zvinoshandiswa pakunyora zvinhu uye zvikamu zvepaIndaneti.
  • Polic Proficial Projication Policy for Micropuse and Small Enterprises (MSES), 2012 (rachinjwa): inopa mikana iyoyo yehurumende yepakati naPUS inenge 25% yezviwanwa zvavo zvegore negore kubva kuMSES, ne 4% yakatarwa nokuda kwavakadzi vanotakurwa MES.
  • GEM (Programu yeMusika):[[FT:1] Chikuva chepaIndaneti chazova chakaisvonaka nokuda kwezvinhu zvose zvinoshandiswa namabasa, kubatanidza macatalog, zvinorevererwa, uye kubhadhara pasi pegadziriro imwe.

Mativi Makuru Anosimudzira Kuona Miti

Kuona mativi avose hakungori bedzi pamusoro pokuita kuti mashoko awanike; kuri pamusoro pokuva nechokwadi chokuti nhano iri yose (kuvambira pakutapurwa kusvikira kumubairo(inooneka), inosimbiswa, uye inoongororwa. Mitemo yeIndia inojeka kupfurikidza nemiitiro yakati youkongiri.

Mukombiyuta Kugadzira Nokurapa

Chifo chokutanga kweCentral Public Profication Portal (CPP) neHurumende E-MCS (GEM) muna 2016, zvinenge zvitsama zvehurumende zvose zvabviswa paIndaneti. Iri dhindi rakabvisa muitiro wekare wokuzviisa pasi, wakatambudzwa nokuchinja, kurasika zvinyorwa, uye betsero dzisina kururama. Nhasi, vatengesi vanotumira mitero yemakombiyuta, uye muitiro wose(* kuvhura, kuyera, uye kunyora)

GeM, zvikurukuru, yazova mutsigiri wemhuka. Kusvikira pakuvamba kwa2025, ine zvigadzirwa namabasa anopfuura mamirioni 7 kubva kuvatengesi vakanyoreswa vanopfuura 800 000 uye vatengi vehurumende 100 000. Chibvumirano chiri chose paGM chinooneka pachena papuratifomu , kubatanidza chizivikanwo chomutengi, mutengesi, mutengo unobhadharwa, uye musi wenhevedzano. Uku kujeka hakuna kutongozivikanwa makore gumi apfuura.

" Chivako cheGEM chakachinja kuwanikwa kwavanhu vose muIndia kupfurikidza nokuchiita chose chose paIndaneti, kujeka, uye madai. Kwaderedza kutora nguva kweavhareji ne 30-50% ndokuponesa hurumende zviuru zvezvipembenene mumutengo. — NITI Aayog Report, 2023

Pfuurira Makwikwi

Mitemo yeIndia inoraira kuti kutoti kutoti kusunungurwa chaiko (kwakadai sokupiwa kwenzvimbo imwe) kunoruramiswa mukunyora nokutenderwa nechiremera chikuru, zvipfuro zvose zvinofanira kuva zvakazarukira vakwidzi vose vakakwaniriswa. Iyi nheyo ye yakamanikidzirwa kupfurikidza nezvinotevera:

  • Chicherechedzo chePublic: Zvinhu zvose zvinokosha pamusoro pe 762 lakh zvinobudiswa paCPP uye munenge pepanhau rimwe renyika. GeM rinongoparadzira mabanza kuvatengesi vakanyoresa.
  • Access: Hapana draker inogona kubviswa pazvikonzero zvokuzvidira. Zvinodiwa nokuda kwekwaniriswa nokuongororwa zvinonyatsotaurwa mugwaro rokukwidza, uye mutoo wokuyera nawo (imo, mutengo wakaderera kana kuti mutengo wakavakirwa padziro) zvinorondedzerwa zvakajeka.
  • Grievance Redressal: Mabhii anogona kumutsa zvirambidzo paIndaneti mukati menhambo yakatarwa, uye mukuru mukuru akasarudzwa anofanira kupindura nezvikonzero. Iyi nzira inodzivisa rusaruro.

Zvakajeka, Nhungamiro Dzakarerekera

Kungwarira mumagwaro okuwana zvinhu ndiko kunokonzera uori uye kusawirirana.India yakataura izvi nokuongorora mapepa anoshandiswa, zvinenge zvichidiwa, uye zvibvumirano mumadhipatimendi akawanda ehurumende. Manual for Profication of Goods inogovera magwaro emuenzaniso anogona kushandiswa pasina kugadziridzwa. Mapepa emifananidzo anogona kushandiswa pasina kugadziriswa.

Kupfuurirazve, mitemo inoda kuti kutsauka kwose pamiitiro yakatarwa kunyorwe mukunyora nokutenderwa. Somuenzaniso, kana kuwanikwa kukaitwa kupfurikidza nokupfava kwakaganhurirwa (panzvimbo pokuzaruka), ruramiso inofanira kunyorwa ndokuitwa kuti iwanike nokuda kwokunzvera. Ikoku kunoparira nzira yokuzvidavirira iyo mitumbi inotarisira seComptor and Pictical General (CAG) inogona kunzvera.

Matanho Anoita Kuti Ukwanise Kugutsikana

Kukwanisa kuwana mari kunoreva kuikurumidza, kudhura, uye nezvikanganiso zvishoma. Kuchinja kweIndia kwanangidzira ngwariro pamiitiro inoyerera, kuderedza kupindira kwemaoko, uye ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu.

Kujeka kweWindow rimwe

Madhipatimendi akawanda ehurumende akagamuchira kujekeswa kwe kwefestile imwe, uko kutenderwa kwose kwekuwana (kubvumirana, kuyera kwapamutemo, kuyera kwapamutemo) kunodzorwa nomugadziriro imwe yepaIndaneti panzvimbo pokuda kuti mutengesi ashanyire mahofisi akawanda. Ikoku hakungochengetedzi nguva bedzi asiwo kunoderedza mabanza ebhureki kunonozeka nechiokomuhomwe. Mupurogiramu dzinoshandiswa namari yakadai seIndiya , nhano dzepanyuko imwe nokuda kwokudzivirira nokuwana mari yakadzorwa nguva kubva kumwedzi kusvikira kumavhiki.

Kushandiswa Kwechitundumuseredzo Chose Chokurapa

Kuwana mari inoshandisirwa vanhu vakawanda mazuva ano kunosanganisira:

  • ZVITEVO-ZVINOTAURA: GeM inoshandisa macatalog ane simba uko vatengesi vanochinja mitengo nenguva chaiyo. Vatengi vanogona kuenzanisa zvinhu neyakawanda mitaro vasingamiriri mashoko.
  • ZVINOTEVERA: nokuda kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa, kutengesa kunochinja kunoitirwa paIndaneti, kazhinji kazhinji kunotyaira mitengo 10-20% pasi pomutengo wetura. Mazita egadziriro anonyorwa emipimo yose nomukundi anosarudzwa nenzira yokuzvidira.
  • [[FONT:0] E- Kontract Utarisiri: Mazita anosainwa nenzira yemipimo anoshandisa Aadhaar-setting e-si signot, uye kuongorora kushanda kunoitwa nomumabhodhi anononotsa mureza.
  • PICHARWE: The Public Financial Management System (PFMS) inobatanidza neGEM nezvimwe zvikuva kuita kuti mari idzokere idzokere pakusimbisa kugovera, kuderedza mativi okubhadharwa kubva pa 90+ mazuva kusvikira pasi pamazuva 15 nokuda kwemitezo yakawanda.

Manyoro Akarongwa Nemabhii

Kushandiswa kwehurumende kunovandudza zvakananga kushanda zvakanaka kupfurikidza nokuderedza nguva inopedzerwa kunyora, kuhwirudzura, uye kutendera magwaro okugamuchira. Kugamuchirwa kweIndia kwe Chikumbiro cheProstals uye migariro inowirirana [[[FLT]] inovimbisa kuti vatengi navatengi vanoziva chaizvoizvo zvokukarira. Ikoku kunokosha zvikurukuru nokuda kwezvirongwa zvikuru zvezvirongwa, apo gakava repamutemo pamusoro pezvibvumirano zvebvumirano zvisina kusiana zvinogona kubatanidza mabhiriyoni ezvibvumirano zvamabhirioni kwamakore.

Somuenzaniso, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways inoshandisa chibvumirano chemipimo chakarongwa nokuda kwesonganiro yavose yapamugwagwa mukuru, iyo yakafanana nenyika muIndia yose. Uku kubatana kunobvumira varoyi kuyera mikana nokukurumidza uye kunoderedza kudikanwa kwokutsiva kwapamutemo kukuru pagadziriro imwe neimwe.

Tapuro Yaaya Mapoka

Migumisiro inooneka yemitemo yeIndia yokuwana mari inooneka uye inoshanda zvakanaka inogona kuwanika mumativi anoverengeka.

Kuderedza Uori

Transparency Uorition International Perceptions Index inoratidza kuvandudzika kwapashoma napashoma muchakaitika cheIndia chifo cha2016, kuchibatanidza nokubviswa kwekugadzirwa kweE-project. Nepo zvinhu zvakawanda zvichiparira, mashoko eCVC anoratidza kuderera kukuru kwenyunyuto dzine chokuita nokuwana mumadhipatimendi ehurumende. Musi weInternet inokuita kuti kukwidzere kana kuti kutsivirwa bvumirano pasina ruramisiro. Mukuwirirana nomushumo we20222 Bhanki reNyika, gadziriro yokugadzirwa kweIndia yokugadzirwa kwezvinhu yakaderedza mikana yokuwana mari inowirirana ne 40%.

Kukosha Kwemari Kuri Nani

Kuongorora kwakaitwa neIndian Institute of Management kwakaratidza kuti kukwikwidzana paIndaneti kunoderedza mitengo 15-25% yemashandiro anoitwa kare, kunyange pashure pokunge vaita maakaundi ava nani. Chikuva cheGeM choga chinofungidzirwa kuti chakachengetedza hurumende panenge pasvika 761 lakh crome maererano kubva payakatanga, nokuwana mutengo uye kubviswa kwevanenge vari pakati pema1950. Kuwedzerazve, kuderera kwenguva yokutenderera kwemabhaisikopo (kubva paavhareji yemazuva 60 kusvika pasi pemazuva 30) kunoreva kuti kuvamba nokukurumidza, kuderedza mari inotengwa.

Kuwedzera Kutora Rutivi uye Makwikwi

Mabhizimisi maduku napakati, kubatanidza mayunit mana nemavambo, zvino ane masvikiro asina kumbobvira avapo kumabvumirano ehurumende. Muitiro weMSE, wakabatanidzwa nokurerutswa kwemabhii paGEM, wakatungamirira kukuwedzera kwenhamba yemifaro padanho. Nokuda kwezvinhu zvakawanda zvinoshandiswa, nhamba yevakwidzi yakawedzera kubva panhatu kusvika kugumi navaviri. Makwikwi aya anoita kuti zvinhu zvive zvitsva uye zvive nomwero. Uyezve, muitiro wacho wakafambisa nenzira inobudirira kudiwa kwavagadziri vomunzvimbomo, kusimbisa Atmanbirbar Bhar [ nhamba yeavhareji yemist yawedzera kubva pa 3 kusvikira ku12. Kuedza kweIndia.

Kuvimba Nevanhu Kwakawedzerwa

Apo vagari vemo vanogona kuona chaizvoizvo chiri kutenga hurumende, kuti yaitai, uye pamutengoi, kuvimba namasangano avanhu kunovandudzika. GeM staxboard, iyo inoratidzira kutengeserana kuri kwose munguva chaiyoiyo, chishandiso chine simba nokuda kwokutarisira nzanga. Masangano enhau namanzveri nguva dzose anochera mashoko aya kuti ashuma pamusoro pemiitiro yokushandisa. Uku kujeka kunoranga vakuru vakuru vehurumende, vanoziva kuti kutengeserana kupi nokupi kwechienzi kunogona kuoneka nokukurumidza navaongorori vehurumende kana kuti vanobudisa nhau.

Matambudziko Nenhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi

Pasinei zvapo neidzi budiriro, gadziriro yavose yokuwana mari yeIndia haisati iri isina zvikanganiso.

Kushandiswa Kunochinja - chinja Kwakaitwa Mhiri KweNyika Nemasekete

Nepo madhipatimendi ehurumende akakurumidza kugamuchirwa kurapa, maruwa mazhinji, zvikurukuru madukusa. "*] Anoramba achitsamira pamashandisirwo ezvirongwa zvemaoko kana kuti zvemibatanidzwa. Kuvakwa kwemari kunosiyana zvikuru: dzimwe nyika dzine gadziriro dzakasimba dzinonzvera nguva chaiyoiyo, nepo dzimwe dzichitambura nedata isina kukwana, kunonoka mukubhadharwa, uye kushandiswa kwakaganhurirwa kwemagwaro akarongwa. Somuenzaniso, madhipatimendi ezvoutano akawanda achiri kutora mishonga kupfurikidza nokukurukura kwapanze, kuchitungamirira kukupomera mhaka dzokushanda kwemari.

Chivako Choumambo Nemiitiro Yezivo Yavanhu

Kuwana mari kunoshanda kunoda nyanzvi dzine unyanzvi dzinonzwisisa zvose zviri zviviri gadziriro yapamutemo noruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu. Madhipatimendi akawanda ehurumende anoshaiwa nyanzvi dzokuwana kwakazvitsaurira; panzvimbo pezvo, kuwana mari kunoitwa navatarisiri vehurumende vanotenderera makore mashomanene ari ose. Ikoku kunoparira zvikanganiso mumanyoro, kunzvera kusina kunaka, uye kupotsa mabanza okuvandudza. Hurumende yakatanga gadziriro dzokurovedza kupfurikidza neNational Institute of Financial Management[, asi mwero unononoka.

Zvinetso Zvokuparadzana Nemadhigirii

Kunyange zvazvo GeM yakaderedza mikana yokupinda, microplants miduku yakawanda munharaunda dzomumaruwa ichiri isina kugona kuvhura Internet, kunyora nokunyora, kana kuti maakaundi ebhangi anokwanisa kuripa. Uyezve, zvinodiwa kuti siginicha yemadhigirii neGST zvive chipingamupinyi. Hurumende yapindura nokugadza nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa kuisa magetsi muruwa uye kurovedza pachena, asi kufambira mberi kunoda kuwedzera zvikuru kuva nechokwadi chokuti kubatsira kwokuona maonere kwose kwose.

Kusimbisa Utariri Nokuongorora

Kunyange napaindaneti, uori hunogona kuramba huripo kana mibato yokutarisira isina kusimba. Pari zvino, Central Vigilance Commission ne CAG ine chiremera chokuongorora kuwanikwa, asi kusvika kwavo kwakaganhurirwa netsvimbo neruzivo. Pane dikanwo yemiitiro inoyera yakagadzirwa nemotokari inonzvera mitoo yezvigadzirwa zvebiko, miparo, kana kuti misha yakashata. Dzimwe gadziriro dzapanyu dzinofambira mberi dzinoshandisa FIlu kunyora mari inobhadharwa, asi India yakadzora mishomanene, asi haisati ichiri huru.

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi: A, Bhangishai, uye Mhedziro Dzakazaruka

Ichitarira mberi, India iri kunzvera zvinhu zvitsva zvinoverengeka kuti iwedzere kuonwa nokushanda zvakanaka:

  • Tsamba dzeChiito: Tunhu tunoshandiswa zvibvumirano zvemapire emotokari zvinosunungura mari inobhadharwa pakwaiitika zviitiko zvinokosha zvaigona kuderedza kukakavadzana uye kunonoka.
  • Uchenjeri hunogadzirwa nokuda kwekunzvera:[[FLT: 1] Maatomu emichina anogona kunzvera nokukurumidza zviuru zvemiyereso kunzvera kusvota, kuderedza bhora, kana kuti mitoo yechienzi.
  • Avo vakavhura Idia Contrating Data Standard (OCDS): India yakazvipira kubudisa mashoko ari muforoma yeOCDS pa Open Contrating internation system[. Ikoku kunobvumira vatsvakurudzi nenzanga kuti vaite zvirongwa zvakadzika.
  • Kubatanidza naManyoro eGST neCorporate: Kubatanidza mashoko okuwana nePFS inodzoka kunogona kubetsera kusimbisa zvibvumikiso zvevatengesi nokuziva zvinonzvenga mutero.

Mugumisiro: Muenzaniso Wokusanganiswa Kwezvemari

Rwendo rweIndia kubva papepa, mari yakagadzirwa nependi, kumitengo inovhurika, inopa zvidzidzo zvinokosha nokuda kwokubuda kwezveupfumi munyika yose. Mubatanidzwa wegadziriro dzemitemo dzakasimba, zviteshi zvemichina zvakadai seGEM, uye utariri hwesangano zvaderedza uori, ukoshi hwakawedzerwa nokuda kwemari, uye kutora rutivi rwevatengesi. Zvisinei, basa racho harina kupedzwa. Chikamu chinotevera chokuchinja zvinhu chinofanira kuisa ngwariro pakugadzirwa kwemibatanidzwa kwemitengo, chivako, uye ruzivo rwamabasa akakwirira akadai seIai nechain kuti zvigare pamberi penjodzi dzinotemwa.

Sezvo India anopfuurira kuisa mari mugadziriro dzezvivako, tarisiro youtano, uye dziviriro, kushanda zvakanaka nokuperera kwokuwana kwayo kwavose kuchasarudza zvakananga kana uku kuisa mari kuchaparira betsero huru yavose. Mitemo inotovapo inopa hwaro hwakasimba; nechido chakasimba chezvamatongerwe enyika nengwariro yokutarisira, inogona kugovera kujeka kwakatokura zvikuru nokubudirira mumakore anouya.

Nongedzero uye Kuravazve