Table of Contents
Sumo
Apo dutu rinoita kuti nyika iwire kana kuti tsvina inosvetuka ichipinda, mhinduro inowanzobva kumuvakidzani, mudzimi wemoto womunzvimbomo, kana kuti murwi wehurumende. Mukati mamaawa, mhinduro iyoyo inowedzerwa nesangano renyika yeAmerica rakasiyana: National Guard. Kubatira zvose zviri zviviri sesimba rekurumidziro rehurumende nenzvimbo inochengeterwa hondo yehurumende, varindi vanovhara mukaha mukuru pakati pavapi vokutanga vevapi uye betsero yehurumende yakazara. Nyaya ino inonzvera mabasa anoshanda, zviremera zvapamutemo, mano esangano, uye zvivako zvesangano zvinoita kuti Army neAir National Guver zvishande sechinhu chikuru chemhinduro yengwavaira yenyika.
Chiremera Chamagariro Edual: Chikonzero Nei Varindi Vachikurumidza Kupindura
Musiyano mukuru pakati pemauto eNational Guard nemauto anoshanda nesimba uri mumurairo neudzori. Mapoka anoshanda nesimba anoshanda pasi poudzori hwehurumende (Tit 10, Tragime yeU.S.), inoda kuti nhevedzano yapurezidhendi ive uye inowanzobatanidza mutoo murefu wokushanda. National Guard, mukupesana, inowanzoshanda pasi poudzori hwehurumende (Tit 32, U.S.) munguva dzengozi. Musiyano uyu une zviitiko zvikuru zvinoshanda nokuda kwedavidzo yengwavaira.
Gavhuna ane chiremera chokunyandura mauto avo ehurumende nokukurumidza pakuziva tyisidziro. Iri chiremera rinobvumira mapoka kukwidza motokari dzemvura yakakwirira, marori emafuta, uye zvinhu zvemishonga pamberi pegwenya redutu. Gavhuna anochengeta murairo wesimba, asi hurumende inoronga kushanda pasi peTitle 32, iyo inochengeta nzvimbo yemitezo yebasa sevashandi vehurumende nokuda kwezvinangwa zvapamutemo. Uku kuchinjika kwapamutemo kunokosha nokuda kwedavidzo yokukurumidza, inodzorwa.
State Anoshingaira Duty (SAD)
Muzvimwe zvinoitika, zviremera zvinonyandura mitezo yaVarindi pasi peState Activity Duty (SAD), umo hurumende inofunga kuti inopiwa mari yakakwana nedzose. Ikoku kwakakurumbira nokuda kwezvinoitika zvidukusa zvakadai semafashamo omunzvimbomo kana kuti madutu omuchando. SAD inobvumira magavhuna kuunganidza pfuma pasina mvumo ipi neipi yehurumende, ichigovera kumhanya kukuru nokuda kwemibato yakakotsekana youpenyu.
Mubatanidzwa Webetsero Yokutarisira Kwekurumidziro (EMAC)
Apo ngwavaira inopfuura nzvimbo yehurumende imwe, vatongi vanogona kukumbira betsero kubva kudzimwe nyika kupfurikidza neEmergency Management Active Communict (EMAC). Iyi dare rinotenderwa rinobvumira nyika imwe kukwereta zvinhu navashandi kubva kune imwe. Somuenzaniso, mukati medutu reCal 5, Florida ingakwereta mapoka endege eTexas kuti awedzere kunzvera kwayo imene nokununura. EMAC ruwallines inodzosera mari nedziviriro dzapamutemo, ichiita muitiro wenguva dzose wemhinduro yengwavaira yenyika yakawanda.
VaFase Vanoshanda: Kubva Pakuva Nesimba Rapakuvamba Kusvika Pakunaya
Mupiro weNational Guard kumhinduro yengwavaira hauna kuganhurirwa kudanho rimwe. Kubatanidzwa kwawo kunotevera zvikurukuru nhevedzano yakarongeka: kushanda kusati kwaitwa, kwakakotsekana kwoupenyu, zvinotsigira nhevedzano, uye tsigiro yokunaya.
Pamberi peNyika nePuroficing
Kuisa zvinhu mudenga ibasa guru nokuda kwavarongi vavarindi. Sezvo dutu rinokura muAtlantic kana kuti Gulf, vakuru vakuru vanoona nzvimbo dzinoshanda kunze kwenzvimbo dzinofanotaurwa. Motokari dzemvura dzakakwirira, ngarava dzemafuta, mvura inonamirwa, uye midziyo yokufambisa zvinosundwa kunzvimbo idzi dzinogara. Mamichina anotambira nzira anotanga agadziridza mabhuroko, kubatanidza marori okurasira zvinhu nemarata, akagadzirira kutema matombo nemigwagwa yakazaruka nokuda kwemabasa ekurumidziro.
Zvinhu zvokufambisa, kubatanidza UH-60 Black Hawk na CH-47 Chinoke, zvinoendeswa kunhandare dzendege dziri pakati penyika nenhurikidzwa dzakaoma. Idzi ndege dzakashongedzwa nezvikwidziriso zvokutakura zvinhu zvinokosha nokuda kwokununura nokuendesa migove kunzanga dziri dzoga. Federal Emergency Management Agency Agency (FEMA) inosanobatana navakuru vakuru vendege kuti vasarudze mapaipi endege nezvinangwa mukati mokufamba kwedanho iri.
Kutsvaka uye Kununura (SAR)
Varwi veNational Guard vanoshandisa mano eSAR anobatsira kutsva kwemapoto ehondo uye kununura.
Kutsvaka nokuponesa: Mibato yeMibato yeMibato inoita kunzvera mundege ichishandisa UH-60 Black Hawks. Zvikuva izvi zvakashongedzwa nemisimu inokwanisa kubudisa vapukunyuki vakawanda kubva pamatenga edzimba, motokari dzafashamira, kana kuti nzvimbo isingasvikiki. Mashe navana vemitumbi yemadhikisi vanorovedzwa mutambo dzinokurumidza namabasa okukwidziridza, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji ichishanda mumigariro inodokuoneka. Mukati Hurumende yeTexas National Guard vakanunura vanhu vanopfuura 6 000 uye zvipfuro 1 000.
Mapoka epanyika anoshandisa zvikepe zveZodiac nemotokari dzemvura dzakakwirira seLMTV (Claire Tractal Vehicle) kufamba mumigwagwa ine mvura yakazara. Mapoka aya anorovedzwa unyanzvi hwokununura mvura nokukurumidza, achibvumira kusvika vanhu vakabatwa mumafunguro aingakurira zvishandiso zvokutanga. Masangano akawanda zvino anochengeta makambani okununura mvura akatsaurirwa mukati meinjiniyawo kana kuti mapurisa ehondo.
Urban Search and Replation (USAR): Muzvinoitika zvokuputsika, mainjiniya aVarindi namapurisa ehondo vanotsigira masimba ebasa eUSA. Vanopa kusimudza kukuru, michina inovhura, uye chengeteko panzvimbo yechinoitika, vachibvumira nyanzvi dzehurumende kuisa ngwariro pamabasa okununura ounyanzvi.
Kuronga Zvinhu uye Kutarisira Chengete Yokugovera
Pashure pechikamu chokununura chapakarepo chinochinja kutsigira nzanga, kukwanisa kwechikwata chegatistiki chinova chinhu chikuru. Kutakura cheni dzemoney kunowanzodimburwa nemigwagwa yakakuvadzwa, ngoro dzenjanji dzakafashamira, uye magetsi anobuda. Varindi vanodzosa mugove nomubatanidzwa wezvirongwa zvehondo.
Gadziriro dzinotanga Mapfundo eKuparadzirwa (PODs), ayo ari nzvimbo dzapakati umo vagari vemo vanotapurwa vanogamuchira zvokudya, mvura, aizi, uye marabhu. Zvikepe zvehondo zvinoshandiswa, kubatanidza FMTVs (Rudzi Rwezvikamu zveMatactal Vehicles) uye HEMTTS (Heavy Expanded Mozatial Tractial Trackes), zvinogona kushanda mumigariro iyo inodzivisa marori ezvokutengeserana anodiwa. Mibato yehondo inofambisa migove ichibva kunzvimbo dzinotakura zvinhu zvehurumende kuti iparadzirwe misha yomunzvimbomo pasi pedziviriro netsinhirano yemapurisa ehondo.
Nzira yokuchenesa inodikanwa zvakafanana. Makambani anogadzira magandanga ehondo akaiswa zvombo zvinoshandiswa kuti abvise zvisakara, kubvisa miti, uye kugadzira migwagwa yakakuvadzwa. Ikoku hakugonesi bedzi kugovera midungwe yemikoto yesimba negadziriro dzekurukurirano. Kukwanisa kweGuva kuparira kufamba mumhoteredzo yakanyongana kazhinji kazhinji ndiwo musiano pakati penjodzi ine njodzi nengwavaira yomutsa.
FEMA'S Revolution National Framework zvinobatanidza nenzira yakarongwa zvikamu zvaVarindi muEmergency Survice Fun (ESF) , kuvimbisa kubatana kusina mubatanidzwa namasangano asiri pamutemo.
Tsigiro Yezvokurapa Yekurumidziro
Njodzi dzinokurira zvipatara zvomunzvimbomo, dzichiparadza zvinhu zvemo uye dzichiparira kuwedzera kwevarwere.
Zvipatara zvinogara zviri: Zvipatara zvinoiswa muzvipatara zvinoshanda nemodar zvinogona kuvhiyiwa nokukurumidza, kutarisirwa kwakakomba, uye kutarisirwa kukuru. Zvivako izvi zvinowanzovakwa munzvimbo dzehondo, nzvimbo dzekokorodzano, kana kuti maguta etende kuti zvisunungure dzvinyiriro pazvipatara zvakakuvadzwa. Army Guard’s Brigade Combat Combat Teams dzinobatanidza maptoon anogona kuva basa rekugadzira basa iri.
Kutakura varwere vanodenha kubva munzvimbo dziri dzoga kana kuti makiriniki akakurirwa kuenda kunzvimbo dzetarisiro dzakakwirira. Maamburera eherikoputa akazvitsaurira EDEVAC (H-60 Pave Hawks naUH 72 Lakotas) anotakura varwere vanodenha kubva kunzvimbo dziri dzoga kana kuti chipatara chakakurirwa kunzvimbo dzezvipatara zvezvipatara zvemazera akakwirira. Makambani eamburera endege anoshanda pamaawa 24 echitsauko, kazhinji kazhinji anokandwa nemamiriro okunze akashata.
Civil Service Toms (CSTs): Varindi veNational vanochengeta 57 Weapons of Mass Deast Civil Summent Community Toms (CSTs), imwe nokuda kwenyika imwe neimwe, ndima, uye District of Columbia. Aya mapoka akarovedzwa zvikuru anodzidzira mumakemikari, maredhiyo, uye nyukireya (CBRN) kuzivikanwa nokubviswa kwezvokurapa. Nepo yakagadzirirwa nokuda kwemhinduro yougandanga, CSTS inorongwa nguva dzose nokuda kwezvinoitika zvine ngozi zvinobatanidza ngwavaira dzomusikirwo, zvakadai sokudeuka kwemakemikoro kubva munzvimbo dzamabasa okugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakashambadza.
Kuongorora Vakoshi: Hurricane Revis uye Kushanduka - shanduka kweDSCA
Gadziriro yenjodzi yeNational Guard yazvino uno inopesvedzerwa zvikuru nezvidzidzo zvakadzidzwa mumadutu makuru. Hurricane Katrina muna 2005 yakaratidzira mikaha inoshamisa mutsinhirano, mirairo, uye zviremera zvemitemo. Posse Comitatus Act nebureaucratic zvakanonotsa pakuvamba kuita kwokushingaira, zvichisimbisa ukoshi hwemienzaniso yakavakirwa pahurumende.
Pakapera Katrina, Department of Defense Educaled the Defense Service of Civil Profects (DSCA) dzidziso iyi inogovera nhungamiro yakajeka yokuti mauto, kubatanidza Varindi, anotsigira sei utungamiriri hwehurumende. Mugumisiro wacho wakanga uri kuita nokukurumidza, kunofanotevedzerwa mumadutu akatevera.
Mukati mePurnent Sandy (202) , New York neNew Jersey National Guards dzakauraya vatami vemo vemo vemombe vamataundi vakawanda uye dzakagovera chizvarwa chesimba kuzvipatara nepokugara. Muna 2017, Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, uye Maria vakaedza nzvimbo yavarindi nokuda kwenguva imwe cheteyo, mabasa akawanda ari munyika. Mitezo yaVarindi inopfuura 50 000 yakanyandurwa, ichiratidza mano esimba okukurumidza. Kushandiswa kweEMAC compacts kwakabvumira nyika dzakafanana neOklahoma neOhio kutumira mainjiniya evarindi vapa uye mapoka endege kutsigira kutsigira dututu reTexas neFlorida.
Dzidziso yeDSCA inopfuurira kushanduka, kubatanidza mashoko chaiwoiwo enguva, zvibvumirano zvakagadzwa, uye ukama hwemirairo namasangano anotarisira mamiriro ezvinhu ekurumidziro.
Kudzidza Nezvose: Kupisa Moto uye Kudzima Moto Mumoto
Moto wemoto unoita kuti pave nematambudziko akasiyana - siyana.
Gadziriro Yokurwa Nomoto Mumhepo Yemhepo Yemosta (MAFF)
Chirongwa cheMoer National Guards chiteshi chakakomba chegadziriro yomwoto wemota wenyika. MAFFS igadziriro inogadziridza mauto iyo inoshandura C- 130 Hercules kuva ngarava dzinokwanisa kudonhedza marita 3 000 emoto mumasekondi mashanu. Uku kukwanisa kunoumbwa nebvumirano neU.S. Forest Service apo ngarava dzendege dzemo dzinokurirwa nokudiwa kwemwaka wakakwirira wemoto.
C- 130 kubva muzvikamu zvakafanana ne 153rd Airlift Wing Wing (Wyoming) ne 146th Airlift Wing Wing (California) zvakashandira kumwoto mumativi enyika. Nkqubo ye MAFFS yakagadzirirwa kuti ipedze kuisa nokukurumidza, inobvumira ndege kutendeuka pakati pekukwidza kwemhepo kwemabhayima uye kurwa kwomoto mumaawa mashomanene. Kubhururuka paurefu hwakaderera mumhepo inovhuta-vhuta, mhepo youtsi, vatyairi vemamamamaFFS vanoshanda mune mimwe yemigariro yendege ine ngozi zvikurusa munyika. MaFFS inoparura mitsetse yavo yokufambisa mitsetse inodzorwa mhepo inodzosera mhepo inodzosera zvinhu zvinodzosera mberi kunogonesa varwiri vanofamba mirwisodziro inotyisa miro ingatyisidzira nharaunda.
Kushanda Papasi Nedziviriro Yakarongwa
Nepo zvinhu zvendege zvichiwana ngwariro huru, voruzhinji vemitezo yavarindi vari kurwisa mwoto wemoto vari pasi. Mapoka avana uye injiniya anorovedzwa seboka remaoko, kubvisa miti kuti iparadze moto. Izvi zvinodzongonyedza kufambiswa kwomoto uye zvinogovera nzvimbo dzakakotsekana nokuda kwavadzimi vomwoto.
Mitezo yavarindi inogoverawo dziviriro. Sezvo tsva rinopisa rinosvika nzvimbo inogarwa, zvikwata zvinoenda pasuo napasuo zvichibvisa magate, kubvisa marara anopfuta, kugadzira pombi dzemvura dzinotakurika, uye zvivako zvokudzivira moto. Basa iri rinoda kubatana kukuru namadhipatimendi omwoto omunzvimbomo, ayo anowanzotambanudzwa kusvikira kumiganhu yawo. Kukwanisa kwaVarindi kugovera zviuru zvavashandi vakarovedzwa pachiziviso chipfupiso chipfupi.
Mukuwedzera, ndege dzinogovera tarisiro yendege negonhi. UH-60 Black Hawks na47 Chinoks zvakashongedzerwa neBambi Bucket, zvitoro zvinokandwa zvinogona kubudisa mvura munyanza dziri pedyo kana kuti matsime ndokuiendesa kunzvimbo chaidzo. Aya maherikoputa anopawo miraudzo nokudzora nokuda kwevatungamiriri vezvinoitika, achipa zviono chaizvoizvo zvenguva yemoto nemufambiro.
Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Nezvemazuva Ano Mukuchinja Kwenjodzi
National Guard iri kubatanidza ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu rwakakwirira kuti ruvandudze kuziva mamiriro ezvinhu uye kushanda zvakanaka munguva yenjodzi.
Zvigadzirwa Zvendege Zvisina Mabhakitiriya (UAS)
Gadziriro dzendege duku dzisina vanhu (SUAS) zvino zvishandiso zvinoshanda muzvikamu zvaVarindi zvakawanda. Idzi vhidhiyo dzinogovera urefu hwenguva yamafashamo, kuvadziko yezvivako, uye kukura kwemoto. Ungwaru ihwohwu hunobvumira vatungamiriri vezvinoitika kugovera zvinhu nenzira inobudirira zvikuru uye kuchengeta mapoka evhu ari kure munharaunda dzine ngozi. Mapoka eUAS anoshandiswawo kunzvera, kugadzira mepu dzinobvisa tsvindiro yevhu dzinoratidza vapinyi namainjiniya apo kuvadziko kwakaitika chaizvoizvo.
Kutama - tama uye Kubatanidza
National Guardeverages geospatial michina yemashoko (GIS) kugadzira mifananidzo inoshandiswa yavose (COPS). Iyi mepu yemichina inobatana mashoko kubva kuFEMA, kutarisirwa kwehurumende, uye magetsi omunzvimbomo, kuratidzira chinhu chiri chose kubva kunzvimbo dzapokugara kuenda kuvhara mugwagwa. Uku kuzivana kunonetsa kuronga mhinduro dzakawanda. Kukurukurirana kweSatellite (SATCOM) kunovimbisa kuti mashoko aya anowanika kunyange apo masero neIndaneti zvinoparadzwa.
Unyanzvi hwokugadzira zvinhu hunosanganisira uchenjeri hwokuongorora mifananidzo yesatellite, huri kuedzwa kuti huone kuti zvinhu zvinochinja sei uye kuti huone nzvimbo dzinoda kubatsirwa nokukurumidza.
Murwi Womunyika: Nzanga Nokurevererwa
Chiratidzo chinoratidzira nzanga mamiriro ayo ezvinhu enzanga. Yakasiyana nemitezo yebasa inoshingaira ingava iri kure nenzanga dzavo, mitezo yaVarindi inogara nokushanda mumaguta namataundi yavanodanwa kudzivirira. Uku kubatana kunoparira kurudziro ine simba yedavidzo yokukurumidza, yetsitsi.
Kana nhengo yeRherder ichizoitirwa dutu, ingava ichibatsira vavakidzani vayo, vakawanda vacho vachinetseka nezvemhuri dzavo nemisha yavo pavanenge vachiita mabasa avo. Iyi mitoro miviri ibasa rinoshamisa repfungwa revarindi. National Guard Bureau yakadzidzisa zvikuru kushingisa, kutsigira vafundisi, uye kurapa kunobatsira nhengo dzenhengo kuti dzikwanise kugadzirisa dambudziko racho.
Inzwano yenzanga inopawo betsero dzinoshanda. Mitezo inorinda ine zivo yapedyo yejira renyika yomunzvimbomo, rerongedzero, uye kurukurirano huru. Uhwu unyanzvi hwomunzvimbomo hunokosha mukufamba munzvimbo dzakakuvadzwa, kuziva nzira dzokubuda nadzo dzisina kurongwa, uye kubatana navakuru vakuru vomunzvimbomo vangava vazivikanwi vomunhu oga. Uku kuvimba nokurovedzana kunokurumidzisa nhamburiko yose yokupindura.
Reading.gov inogovera zvinhu nokuda kwavanhu nemhuri kugadzirira ngwavaira, kuderedza mutoro pavapinduri vokutanga uye kubvumira zviwanikwa zvaMagariro kunangidzira ngwariro panhau dzinotambudza zvikurusa.
Mugumisiro: Chinooma Kunzwisisa Mumamiriro Okunze Anochinja
Sezvo kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kunowedzera uwandu neukuru hwezvinoitika zvemamiriro okunze akakomba, kuvimba kwenyika neNational Guard kuchapfuurira kukura. Mano eChaiwo eVarindi okuchinja pasina mhosho kubva kutsigiro yokuchengetwa kwomutemo womunzvimbomo kusvikira kumhinduro yengwavaira yehurumende yakazara inokuita chinhu chinokosha nokuda kwokusimba kworudzi.
Zvirongwa zvapamutemo zveTitle 32 neEMAC zvinogovera simba rinodikanwa kuita chiito nokukurumidza, nepo mano ounyanzvi mundege, zvishandiso, uinjiniya, uye tsigiro yezvokurapa achigovera simba rokubata nenjodzi dzakaoma zvikurusa. Kupfuurira kwemichina yazvino uno, kubatanidzwa kworuzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, uye kuva negarika zvakanaka kwevagari vemo kunokosha kuti vachengetedze uku kukwanisa. Nzanga dzinotarisana nedutu rinotevera kana kuti magetsi, National Guard inoramba iri nzvimbo inoteverwa nokukurumidza, inokwanisa, uye inovimbwa netsigiro yehondo muawa yavo hurusaidiwa.