Thomas Jefferson, Mutungamiriri wechitatu weUnited States, akamira semumwe wevanhu vane simba zvikuru shure kweGece and Clark Expedition, rwendo rukuru rwakachinja nokusingaperi nhau yeAmerica. Chiono chake, kuronga kwokungwarira, uye kuzvipira kusingazununguki kufemberi kumadokero zvakachinja chaigona kuva basa rokuongorora zvine mwero kuva rimwe renzendo dzinokosha zvikuru munyika yose. Mipiro yaJefferson yakatambanudzwa kupfuura kungobvumira rwendo rwacho, kubva pakusarudza vatungamiriri varwo kuti varondedzere vavariro dzarwo dzesayenzi, kutsigira mari, uye kutanga mitemo yokukurukurirana yaizotungamirira kukura kweAmerica nokuda kwezvizvarwa zvauya.

Chido chaJefferson Choupenyu Hwose Chokuongorora Kwokumadokero

Kare Louisiana Purchase isati yatova bviro, Thomas Jefferson akanga ave achironga nzendo dzokunzvera kuMadokero eAmerica ndokuwana nzira yakananga yokushambadzira kuAsia. Uku kufarira ndima dzokumadokero kwakanga kusati kuri fariro inopfuura nguva pfupi asi chishuvo chakadya Jefferson kwamakumi amakore. Kunyange zvazvo Jefferson akanga asina kutongofamba makiromita anopfuura makumi mashanu kumadokero kubva kuMonticello, akanga arota nezveimwe nzvimbo yeMissispi uye akafunda nharaunda yacho zvikuru kupfuura makore maviri akapfuura, kunyange kuedza nenzira isingabudiriri kutumira nzendo dzokuongorora panhambo dzinoverengeka.

Fariro yaJefferson mukunzvera kwokumadokero yakavamba muuduku hwake. Somudzidzi muduku, akaratidzirwa kupfungwa pamusoro pefutunuko yokumadokero kupfurikidza nomudzidzisi wake, Reerend James Maury, uyo akanga abatanidzwa mukuronga rwendo rwokumadokero runokarakadzwa rweboka rakavimbika. Uku kufutunurwa kwapakuvamba kwakadzikwa kwaizokura mbeu dzaizokura muupenyu hwose hwaJefferson. Mukati ma 1780 nama1790, Jefferson akatsigira zvinoverengeka kuedza pakunzvera kwokumadokero, mhinganidzo imwe neimwe bedzi inosimbisa kutsunga kwake kuzoona American West ichiongororwa zvakanaka uye yakanyorwa.

Mavambo eCops of Discovery akaiswa apo Thomas Jefferson akasangana naJohn Ledyard kuti akurukure rwendo rwakakarakadzwa kuPacific Northwest mu1780. Muna 1802, Jefferson akarava bhuku raAlexander Mackenzie ra1801 pamusoro perwendo rwake rwapasi penyika muCanada muPacific Ocean; aya magazini okuongorora akapesvedzera chisarudzo chake chokuumba boka reAmerica rinokwanisa kusvika Pacific seri nani. Kutsunga kwaJefferson kukwira rwendo rweAmerica kwakasundwa norudado rwamarudzi uye chishuvo chokuvimbisa kuti United States, kwete Britain kana kuti mamwe masimba eEurope, aizotaura zivo uye pakupedzisira kudzorwa kwenyika dzokumadokero.

Kukosha Kunokosha Kwendima Dzokumadokero

Aida kudavira kuti United States yaifanira kufutunura kumadokero kuti ibatsire kuva nechokwadi chokupukunyuka kwayo nebudiriro, Jefferson akasvetuka pamukana wokutenga Louisiana kubva kuna Napoleon Bonaparte weFrance. Chiono chaJefferson chakatambanudzwa kupfuura kungovakwa kwenyika. Kubatanidzwa kwake kwakava nechiratidzo chakasimba che "mutungamiriri werusununguko" chaivambira paAtlantic kusvikira kumhenderekedzo yePacific. Iyi gadziriro youzivi yakatungamirira mitemo yose yokumadokero yeJefferson ndokupa Lewis neClarkedition donzo iro rakapfuura kunzvera kwakapfava.

Jefferson akanzwisisa kuti kudzorwa kwoRwizi rweMississippi nokusvika pachiteshi chengarava cheNew Orleans kwakanga kwakakomba kukutengeserana nokuchengeteka kwenyika. Varimi vokuMadokero vaida nzira yakavimbika yokutakura nayo zvinhu zvavo kumusika, uye Mississippi Rino aibatira setsinga huru yezvokutengeserana yorudzi runokura. Kariro yesimba rokumwe rinodzora uyu mugero wemvura unokosha yakaparira tyisidziro huru kuAmerica. Apo Spain yakatamira Louisiana kudzokera kuFrance muna 1802, Jefferson yakaziva ngozi yacho nokukurumidza, achinyora kuti uku kukura kwakanga kuri kuvengwa kwa “kuumbwa kwechitukwakwakwa chapasi pevhuspiti reAtlantic" kwaizotapura mugumo wamarudzi pamativi ose ari maviri eAtlantic.

Kupiwa Chitendero cheLouisiana NeCongress

Louisiana Purchase ya1803 yakakudza nenzira inoshamisa ukuru noukoshi hwerwendo rwakarongwa rwaJefferson. Louisiana Purchase muna 1803 yakanga iri nzvimbo inogadzirwa nemichina yenyika pakati peUnited States neFrance, umo U.S. yakawana makiromita 87 000 kumadokero kwoRwizi Mississippi nokuda kwamamirioni $5. Kutengeswa kwakadzivisa nenzira inobudirira Spain neFrance kubva muimwe nyika yeNorth America ndokuipeta nakapeta nakaviri ukuru hweUnited States duku, ichiiisa panzira yeWest Budingst Bungstring mumhiri penyika.

Icho vanhu vazhinji vasingazivi ndechokuti Jefferson akanga atovamba kuronga rwendo rwacho Louisiana Purchase isati yapedzwa. Muna January 1803, Jefferson akakumbira kuti atsigire Congress atsigire rwendo rwaizoyambuka ndima yeLouisiana, pasinei zvapo nokuti ndiani aizoidzora, ndokupfuurira kuPacific. Iyi nguva inozivisa kufunga kwaJefferson kwakakodzera.(w) akanzwisisa kuti zivo yendima dzokumadokero yaizova inokosha kana kuti kwete United States yaizova nayo.

Kuchengetedza Mari Nemakemikari Akanaka

Mushoko rakavanzika raJanuary 18, 1803, Purezidhendi Jefferson akakumbira Congress $2 500 yokunzvera West – kusvika kuPacific Ocean. Kuvandika kwechikumbiro ichi kwakanga kuri kwoune uye kwokuchenjera. Munyori weBishopi yeProjekita Albert Gallatin akakurudzira kuti chikumbiro chacho chiitwe pachivande. Shoko raifungidzirwa kuisa ngwariro pahurumende yebhizimisi reIndia uye rakadudza rwendo rwokumadokero rwakakarakadzwa pedyo nomugumo wechinyorwa chacho.

Kusvika kwaJefferson kukuwana tendero yesangano kwakaratidzira chikarakadzo chake chezvamatongerwe enyika. Panguva yechikumbiro chake, ndima yeLouisiana yakanga ichiri yeFrance, uye Spain yakadzora kupinda mumigero mikuru yemvura. Kupfurikidza nokuronga rwendo zvikurukuru pamusoro pokusimudzira kutengeserana uye kuvandudza ukama nendudzi dzemaIndia okuAmerica, Jefferson akaita chikarakadzo chaidiwa zvikuru kuCongress nepo achizvidza zvinangwa zvezvemagariro enyika ane udyire zvikuru. Kuva nomwero wechikumbiro chiduku, kwakatsanangurwa zvikurukuru mumipimo yokusimudzira kutengeserana, kuvanza vavariro huru dzenharidzano dzekuwedzera upfumi hweJefferson.

Congress yakabvuma kutsigira rwendo rwaizotungamirirwa naMeriwether Lewis naWilliam Clark. Utachiona huduku hwe $2,500, nepo hwaiva nemwero nemitemo yazvino uno, hwakamirira bhizimisi rinokosha nokuda kworudzi rwacho ruduku ndokuratidzira chivimbo chesangano muchiono chaJefferson. Ndyiko chaiyo yeboka racho pakupedzisira yaizopfuura iyi purogiramu yokutanga, asi kuronga kwokungwarira nebudiriro yokupedzisira yeboka racho zvakareverera mutengo nguva zhinji kupfuura.

Kusarudza Nokugadzirira Vatungamiriri Vanodzingwa

Chimwe chezvisarudzo zvikurusa zvakaguma naJefferson chakanga chiri chisarudzo chake chavatungamiriri veboka. Mutungamiriri wehurumende Jefferson akasarudza munyori wake, Meriwether Lewis, kutungamirira Corps of Discovery. Uku kusarudzwa kwakanga kusiri kwakazvimirira. Purezidhendi Thomas Jefferson akapedzera nguva yake, simba, uye dzimbahwe rezvamatongerwe enyika muiri basa ndokutanga kutungamirira zvakananga gadziriro yaro nesangano.

Meriwether Lewis: Protégé’s Purezidhendi

Ukama hwaJefferson naMeriwether Lewis hwakanga huri zvose zviri zviviri munhu oga uye unyanzvi. Lewis akabvuma nechido chikarakadzo chaJefferson chokuva munyori wake amene uye akagovera makore maviri ebasa asati agadzwa kuva mutungamiriri we "papati inonyandura", nokukurumidza kuva Murwi weDiscovery weLewis neClark Expedition. Mukati mamakore maviri aya, Lewis akanga ane kukwanisa kugona kupedza kukura kwaJefferson uye akabatanidzwa mukurukurirano dzisingaverengeki pamusoro pendima dzokumadokero, achibatira nenzira inobudirira chirongwa cheDivhiyo reProscovery.

Virginian nemwanakomana womwe mwene weminda pedyo neMonticello, Lewis akanga ari kaputeni muhondo ane zivo huru yechirango chehondo, ruzivo rwokuzviwanira kumuganhu wokumadokero, uye seizvo Jefferson akakutaura kuti: “Kwakatambira kumasango, & kwakarovedzana netsika dzechiIndia & varaundi. ” Jefferson akakoshesawo unyanzvi uhu hunoshanda, asi akacherekedza mano oungwaru hwaLess uye mano ake okudzidza mitoo yesayenzi yaizova inokosha nokuda kwokunyora zviwanwa zveboka racho.

Kudzidziswa Kwesayenzi Nokugadzirira

Jefferson akanzwisisa kuti budiriro yeboka racho yaizotsamira kwete bedzi pamano avatungamiriri okupukunyuka murenje asiwo pasimba ravo rokuita nzvero dzakarurama dzesayenzi nokuchengeta zvinyorwa zvine udzame. Kumugumo iwoyu, Jefferson akatuma Lewis kuLancaster nePhiladelphia, Pennsylvania, kuti adzidziswe navamwe vasayendisiti vakatanhamara vorudzi (kubatanidza Andrew Ellicott, Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Smith Barton, Robert Patterson, uye Caspar Wistar).

Iyi gadziriro yerovedzo huru yakafukidza nhevedzano inoshamisa yenhau. Andrew Ellicott akadzidzisa Lewis kutenderera mudenga nounyanzvi hwokunzvera. Benjamin Rush, mumwe wavarapi vakatanhamara zvikurusa muAmerica, akarairidza Lewis mumishonga ndokugovera nhungamiro ine udzame pamusoro pokuchengeta utano hwemitezo yeboka. Benjamin Smith Barton, nyanzvi yezvemiti yakatanhamara, akarovedzwa Lewis mukuzivikanwa kwemiti nemuunganidzwa wespecimen. Robert Patterson akadzidzisa masvomhu necherekedzo yezvoruzivo rwemitumbi yomuchadenga, nepo Caspar Wistar akagovera murayiridzo muteo womuviri uye ziziviso dzezvicherwa.

Ukuru noukuru hweiyi dzidzo yesayenzi zvakaratidzira chiono chegwinyiro chaJefferson nokuda kwerwendo rwacho. Iye aida zvinopfuura basa rakapfava rokudzosera zviitiko zvinodzokororwa .Akafungidzira nzvero yesayenzi yaidzokororwa yaizokwikwidzana nenzendo huru dzeEurope dzezera racho. Kupfurikidza nokuva nechokwadi chokuti Lewis akarovedzwa nendangariro dzakaisvonaka muAmerica, Jefferson akaisa hwaro nokuda kwezviitwa zvesayenzi zvinoshamisa.

William Clark Anokumbanira Basa

Nepo Jefferson akasarudza Lewis somutungamiriri weboka, akanga ari Lewis akasarudza William Clark somutungamiriri wake. Lewis akanyorera William Clark, achimukumbira kutungamirira rwendo kuMissouri. Clark akagamuchira, mutsamba yomusi waJuly 18. Uku kubatana kwaizobvumikisa kuva kumwe kweyakabatana inobudirira zvikurusa munhau yokuongorora, Lewis naClark vane unyanzvi hwokubatanidza uye vanoremekedzana vachigadzira utungamiriri hwakatsigira rwendo rwacho muzvinetso zvisingaverengeki.

Jefferson akatendera chisarudzo chaLewis ndokutsigira gadziriro yekosi yeboka, achiziva kuti budiriro yeboka racho ingasanotsamira pakuva navatungamiriri vaviri vanokwanisa vaigona kugoverana mitoro mikuru ndokugovera dziviriro muchinoitika chourwere kana kuti kuvadziko. Chisarudzo ichi chakaratidzira mutoo wokukurumidza waJefferson wokuronga uye kudisa kwake kuvimba nechisarudzo chaLewis munhau dzesangano reboka ravafambi.

Mirayiridzo Inoshanda yaJefferson

Hapana gwaro rakabvumikisa kuva rinokosha zvikuru nokuda kwokunzverwa kweAmerica West kupfuura tsamba yemirairo yakagadzirirwa Lewis. Tsamba yaJefferson yakava chibvumirano chenzvero yehurumende nokuda kwezana ramakore rechigumi namapfumbamwe. Iyi miraidzo, yakapiwa kuLewis muna June 1803, yakamirira mugumo wamakumi amakore okufunga pamusoro pokunzvera kwokumadokero uye yakazivisa upamhi hwechiono chake nokuda kwerwendo.

Mamiriro Ezvinhu Ezvemabhizimisi

Jefferson akaraira vakuru kukwira Rwizi rwaMissouri, cherekedza mepu dzakarurama dzenharaunda yacho, uye zivisa nzvimbo dzinokosha dzebasa rezvemari. Kutsvakwa kwenzira yemvura yokuenda kuPacific Ocean kwakanga kuri chinangwa chikuru. Jefferson, kufanana navazhinji vevakararama navo panguva imwe cheteyo, akakarira kuti rwendo rwacho rwaizowana nzira inoshanda yemvura muNorthwest Passage /a naviga munyika yaizoyambuka Asia.

Mirayiridzo yaJefferson yakasimbisa ukoshi hwenzvero yokungwarira nokuchengeta zvinyorwa zvakarurama. Mumirayiridzo yokunzvera yakagadzirirwa Lewis, Jefferson akaraira kuti vapanguri vake vanyore kuti "chiso chenyika." Iyi murairo waibatanidza kwete bedzi kutara nzizi nenzizi dzamakomo asiwo kunyora marudzi evhu, zvidimbu, mamirire okunze, uye mamwe mativi api naapi enyika angabvumikisa kuva anokosha mune zvemari.

Kunzvera Kwesayenzi

Jefferson akavaraidza kutsvaka nzira itsva dzokushambadzira nadzo, kutanga ukama namarudzi okumadokero amaIndia eAmerica, uye kushuma pamusoro penzvimbo, ruzivo rwepasi, ruzivo rwemitumbi yomuchadenga, ruzivo rwemitumbi yomudenga, mhuka, mamiriro okunze emhuka, uye mugariro wokunze weMadokero. Iri donzo resayenzi rakakwana rakaratidzira mipimo yeChefferson nechitendero chake chokuti zivo imene yakanga inokosha, pasinei zvapo nezvishandiso zvayo zvinoshanda.

Akarayira Lewis naClark kuti vanyore mashoko enhau dzakakura dzesayenzi, kusanganisira miti, mhuka, mamiriro okunze, nzvimbo dzezvicherwa zvevhu, uye marudzi evhu angatsigira marudzi akasiyana - siyana okurima. Jefferson aida kutsanangurwa kwakazara kwemiti mitsva nemhuka dzaakasangana, pamwe chete nespemeni dzaigona kudzorerwa kuMabvazuva nokuda kweimwezve nzvero. Akakumbira kuongorora kwezvenyeredzi kuti aone kurongwa kwerondedzedze kufambira mberi kwenzvimbo dzepasi nedzinotangira nyika, kuongorora matombo kuti aone zvinhu zvematombo, uye mashoko ezve magetsiko kuti anzwisise mararamiro enzvimbo dzokumadokero okumadokero.

Kuoma kwesayenzi Jefferson kwairaira kwakanga kunoshamisa kwenguva yayo. Akarayira Lewis naClark kuita makopi akawanda amagazini avo nemepu kuva nechokwadi chokuti zviwanwa zveboka racho hazvisati zvaizorasika kana ngwavaira yaitika. Akasimbisa ukoshi hwoururami mumipimo nenzvero, achiziva kuti kuvimbika kwezvakawanwa neboka racho kwaizotsamira pakururama kwemashoko aro.

Kuvengana uye Ukama HwemaIndia ekuAmerica

Jefferson akabatanidza mirayiridzo ine udzame pamusoro penzira iyo Corps dzinofanira kupinda nayo vanhu vemaIndia. Lewis naClark vaifanira ku "varangaidza nomutoo woushamwari zvikurusa nemutoo wokuzvibatanidza nawo. Iyi mirau yakaratidzira zvose zviri zviviri itiro dzomutsa nenzvero yemifungo. Jefferson akanzwisisa kuti kupukunyuka kweboka kungatsamira pakuchengeta ukama hwakanaka nendudzi dzeMarudzi eMarudzi eAmerica, uye iye akazivawo kuti kutanga ukama hune rugare kwaizova kunokosha nokuda kwokukura kwomunguva yemberi kweAmerica nokutengeserana.

Rugare noushamwari, mundangariro dzaJefferson, zvakanga zviri zvinodikanwa nokuda kwoukama hwezvokutengeserana, chiratidzo chikuru chemiitiro yehurumende kuMissouri River India. Jefferson akafungidzira nguva yemberi umo ndudzi dzemaIndia eAmerica aizova vatengesi uye, pakupedzisira, akabatanidzwa muruwa rweAmerica runokura. Nepo ichi chiono chakanga chiri chenyika yehurumende yaikuvadza vanhu vemo, chairatidzira kuedza kwaJefferson kufungidzira nguva yemberi yaibatanidza nzanga dzakaberekerwamo panzvimbo pokuva dzinobviswa.

Jefferson akagovera Lewis naClark menduru dzorugare dzine mufananidzo wake kuti vape vatungamiriri vedzinza. Lewis naClark vakaunza inenge menduru dzine makumi masere nenhindi muukuru hushanu kuti vatsanangure shanu "mitsetse" yamambo. Iyi menduru yakashanda madonzo akawanda: yaifananidzira uchangamire hweAmerica, yaizivisa ndudzi dzine ushamwari nokuda kwavapanguri venguva yemberi, uye yakatanga mutemo weukama pakati pehurumende yeUnited States nemarudzi eIndauni.

Kuronga Kwounyanzvi Nepfuma

Kubatanidzwa kwaJefferson murwendo kwakatambanudzirwa kuudzame hudukusa hwokuronga nokugadzirira. Mutungamiriri wehurumende Jefferson akashanda zvikuru naMeriwether Lewis kuva nechokwadi chokuti akanga akanyatsogadzirira – kukarira izvo boka raizoda muhondo, zvokudya, mishonga, midziyo yokushambidzira, zvishandiso zvesayenzi, uye zvipo zvendudzi dzeIndia.

Zvinhu Zvatinoshandisa Nezvipo

Vakasanoronga. Nepo rwendo rwacho rwakapera muumbozha hwakadai sewhiskey, fodya, uye munyu, havana kutongopera nepfuti neupfu, vaidikanwa zvose zviri zviviri nokuda kwokuzvipa vamene nemugove wezvokudya — uye havana kutongopera neingi nepepa, vaidikanwa kunyora zviwanwa zvavo. Uku kungwarira zviwanikwa kwakaratidzira kunzwisisa kwaJefferson uko kwaizova kunokosha zvirokwazvo nokuda kwebudiriro yeboka. Idi rokuti rwendo rwacho haruna kutongopera nezvinhu zvokunyorera, pasinei zvapo nedaro guru uye migariro yakashata, kutaura kubvumirano yaJeffenessarson kuzvinyorwa nezvinochengetwa zvesayenzi.

Jefferson pachake ndiye aitarisira kuwanikwa kwemidziyo yesayenzi, kusanganisira machronomet yokuziva urefu hwerong, zvishandiso zvokufambisa zvinhu mudenga, makambasi, mathermometer, uye michina yokuongorora.

Migove yezvokurapa yerwendo yakaratidzira Dr. Benjamin Rush uye yakabatanidza nhevedzano huru yemishonga, zvokuvhiya, uye kurapa kudzivirira. Jefferson akanzwisisa kuti kuchengeta utano hwemitezo yeboka rerwendo kwaizova kunokosha kurubudiriro, uye haana kurega ndyiko mukugovera zviwanikwa zvakanakisisa zvokurapa panguva yacho.

Zvipo Zvemadzinza EmaIndia okuAmerica

Jefferson akapa ngwariro huru kukusarudza zvipo zvakafanira nokuda kwendudzi dzeMarudzi eAmerica. Izvi zvipo zvakabatira zvinangwa zvemibatanidzwa yenzanga, kutanga bvumirano yebvumirano nekurukurirano dzezvokutengeserana. Rwendo rwacho rwakatakura zvinhu zvakasiyana - siyana kubatanidza zvuma, zvionioni, mapanga, fodya, mucheka, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvokushambadza izvo Jefferson akadavira kuti zvaizokosheswa navanhu vemo. Kusarudzwa kwokungwarira kwezvipo izvi kwakaratidzira nzwisiso yaJefferson youkoshi hwetsika uye kuziva kwake kuti kunzvera kunobudirira kwaizoda batira pamwero yaibva kunzanga dzemaIndia.

Basa raJefferson Mukati Mekudzingwa

Kubatanidzwa kwaJefferson neboka hakuna kuguma apo Lewis naClark vakabva muSt. Louis muna May 1804. Murwendo rwacho rwose, Jefferson akaramba akabatikana zvikuru nefambiro mberi yeboka racho ndokusimudzira nenzira yokushingaira zvinangwa zvaro.

Kuwana Nokuratidzira Kuwana Kunotevedzerwa

Muna August 1805, Thomas Jefferson akagamuchira kuberekwa kwechienzi paImba yaPurezidhendi muWashington, D.C. kwakatumirwa naLewis & Clark anobva kuFort Mandan, kutakura kwakanga kune miti, mepu, zvigadzirwa zvemaIndia eAmerica, mhuka mhenyu, uye zvakawanda, zvose zvakaunganidzwa mukati merwendo rwamakore maviri. Uku kutumirwa, kwakadzoserwa kubva kudzimba dzechando dzechitima pakati pavanhu vechiMandan, kwakagovera Jefferson noufakazi hwake hwokutanga hwezviwanwa zveboka renzvimbo.

Purezidhendi Jefferson akashandisa Entrance Hall yeWhite House kudzosa zvinhu zvinoratidzwa zvinenge zvichidzorwa kumabvazuva kubva kurwendo, uye kubva kune imwe rwendo rwokumadokero rwakaitwa naZebulon Pike kubva muna 1806 kusvikira muna 1807. Kupfurikidza nokuratidzira izvi zvigadzirwa muWhite House, Jefferson akaita kuti zviwanwa zveboka zvisvike kuvakuru vakuru, mitezo yeCongress, uye vamwe vaMelikan. Iyi ratidziro yavose yakabatira madonzo akawanda: yakaratidzira ukoshi hweboka, yakasimudzira fariro mundima dzokumadokero, uye yakatanga Imba yeWhite senzvimbo yezivo yesayenzi nenzvimbo.

Kubatanidzwa Nevatungamiriri VemaIndia

MuWashington, Jefferson akagamuchira nhume dzeMissouri, Oto, Arikara, uye Yankeeton Sioux vakuru vakanga vasangana naLewis naClark rinopfuura gore. Kushanya uku kwemibatanidzwa kwakanga kuri rutivi runokosha rwenzira yaJefferson yokutanga nayo pesvedzero yeAmerica mundima itsva. Kutaura kwaJefferson kuboka ramachinda kubva kuMissouri iri pasi poRwizi, mubatanidzwa woushamwari, zvipikirwa zvorugare munyika inogoverana, uye tyisidziro dzakazvinyinyinyimira kana maIndia akaramba uchangamire hweAmerica.

Kusvika kwaJefferson kukurukurirano dzemaIndia okuAmerica kwakaratidzira chimiro chakaoma uye chinowanzopokanidzana chechiono chake nokuda kwefutunuko yokumadokero. Nepo iye akadavira zvapachokwadi mubviro yokugarisana kune rugare netsinhano yetsika, akaomererawo pauchangamire hweAmerica ndokujekesa kuti kudzivisa kwaisazoshivirirwa. Uku kupesana pakati pechiziviso chefungidziro nevavambi vehurumende kwaizoratidzira muitiro weAmerica yeIndia nokuda kwezvizvarwa zvichauya.

Kudzokera Kwokudzingwa Nemhinduro yaJefferson

Apo Lewis naClark vakadzokera kuSt. Louis muna September 1806, vakakurumidza kutumira shoko kuJefferson rokubudirira kwavo. Lewis akanyorera Thomas Jefferson kuti makoridhe akanga a "pinda muNyika yeNorth America kuPacific Ocean. Uku kutaura kwakapfava kwaimirira zadziko yechiroto chaJefferson chamakore makumi akareba ndokuratidzira nhambo yechinjonjo munhau yeAmerica.

Jefferson akagamuchira mashoko negutsikano huru uye akavamba kushanda nokukurumidza kuva nechokwadi chokuti zviwanwa zveboka racho zvaizotsigirwa zvakanaka nokuparadzirwa. Iye akakurudzira Lewis kugadzirira magazini ebasa nokuda kwechirongwa nokuda kwechinyorwa ndokutsigira nhamburiko dzokugadzira mepu dzakarurama dzakavakirwa pacherechedzo dzeboka. Nepo Lewis akaparapatika nebasa rokugadzirira magazini nokuda kwechinyorwa .*Aa yaisazopedzwa muupenyu hwake hwezuva raapo.Jefson akapfuurira kusimudzira zviitwa zveboka racho uye kushandisa zvarati yawanwa kutsigira chiono chake chokuwedzera kwamavirira kumadokero.

Mipiro Yesayenzi Nenhaka

Zviitwa zvesayenzi zveLewis and Clark Expedition zvakapfuura kunyange kariro dzechishuvo chaJefferson. Rwendo rwacho rwakapupurira mazana emarudzi emiti nemhuka zvakanga zvisingazivikanwi kare kusayenzi, rwakaita mepu dzine udzame dzendima huru, rwakasimbisa cherechedzo dzemitumbi yomuchadenga idzo dzakaruramisa zvakarurama nzvimbo dzemativi makuru enzvimbo, uye rwakaunganidza mashoko makuru ezvemanyoro pamusoro pendudzi dzemaIndia eAmerica.

Miti Nezviwanikwa Zvemhuka

Lewis naClark vakaunganidza zvikamu zvemiti inenge 178 nemhuka 122 zvakanga zviri zvitsva kusayenzi. Izvi zviwanwa zvakakudza zvikuru zivo yesayenzi yemarudzi akasiyana - siyana ezvinhu zvomuNorth America ndokuratidzira kupfuma kwezviwanikwa zvomusikirwo zvekondinendi yacho. Zvakawanda zveizvi zvakatumidzwa mukukudza Lewis, Clark, kana kuti Jefferson amene, achiparira nhaka yesayenzi isingagumi nokuda kwerwendo nemutsigiri waro.

Zvikamu zvemiti yerwendo rwacho zvaibatanidza miti inokosha mune zvemari yaizorimwa gare gare nokuda kwezvokudya, mishonga, uye mamwe zvinangwa. Zviwanwa zvemhuka zvakavambira pamhuka dzinoyamwisa huru dzakadai semabhere egrizzz nenyama yepronghorn kusvikira kuzvisikwa zviduku zvakadai sembwa yomubani nemarudzi eshiri akasiyana- siyana. Kuwana kumwe nokumwe kwainyorwa nokungwarira nerondedzero dzakadzama, kuyera, uye, pakunobvira, kuchengetedzwa kwemasero angagona kufundwa namasayendisiti muMabvazuva.

Zviitwa Zvenzvimbo Nemapuraneti

Mepu dzakagadzirwa naLewis naClark, dzakavakirwa pamirayiridzo yaJefferson nerovedzo yesayenzi yaakanga aronga, dzakamirira kuderera kwezivo yokumavirira kweNorth America. Mukuronga rwendo, Lewis naGallatin vakaunganidza mepu dzazvino uno nenhau dzakadhindwa dzinoratidzira nokurondedzera nyika yokumadokero. Iyi mashoko akadhindwa akabatanidzwa muchinyorwa chakaumbwa chakaumbwa nezvizhinji.[1] Nicholas King 1803 mepu (imota yakaenda navo kusvikira kunenge kumisha yeMandan.)

Bhuku reFotographic rerwendo rwacho rakaruramisa pfungwa dzakawanda dzisina kururama pamusoro pemawere emakomo, mitsetse yemakomo, uye madaro aibatanidzwa murwendo rwokunze. Kunyange zvazvo rwendo rwacho rusina kuwana nzira yaitarisirwa kubuda kuNorthwest Passage (nemhaka yokuti hapana nzira yemvura iri nyore yakadaro yaivapo) yakaumba mamiriro eMakomo eRocky uye zvinetso zvaizotarisana nevomunguva yemberi kumhenderekedzo yePacific.

Musimboti

Mirayiridzo yaJefferson yokunyora tsika dzeMaIndia eAmerica yakaguma nezvinyorwa zvakawanda zvenhau zvakakosha kuvezvenhau navemagariro avanhu nhasi. Lewis naClark vakanyora mashoko pamusoro pemitauro yedzinza, tsika, zvimiro zvezvamatongerwe enyika, mibato yemari, uye tsika dzezvokunyama. Vakanyora fungidziro dzechiverengero chavagari vemo, miganhu, uye ukama hwedzinza. Mashoko aya, nepo achichereswa nemirangariro yetsika dzekare yeAmerica yapakuvamba yezana ra199, anopa ufakazi hunokosha pamusoro pemagariro enyika dzeIndaneti reAmerica panguva inokosha munhau yavo.

Chiono chaJefferson Nefutunuko yeAmerica

Lewis naClark Expedition inofanira kunzwisiswa mukati memashoko akapoteredza echiono cheMelika munguva yemberi. Tsamba yakabatanidzwa zvishuvo zvenyika nokuda kwokukura kwenharaunda nokuwana kwesayenzi. Pano Jefferson akarondedzera gadziriro yakakwana neyakapfava yokunzvera kwokumadokero. Uyu mubatanidzwa wenzvero yesayenzi nevavariro youmambo zvakaratidzira kusvika kwaJefferson kuMadokero uye mitoo yakagadzwa yaizoumba kukura kweAmerica muzana ramakore rechigumi namapfumbamwe.

Umambo Hwerusununguko

Jefferson akafungidzira United States se "mutungamiriri werusununguko" .inyika huru yavarimi vakazvimirira vaizorima nyika ndokutora rutivi mukuita uzivi hwehurumende yehurumende. Lewis naClark Expedition vakabatira ichi chiono kupfurikidza nokuzivisa nyika dzakafanira kurimwa, kutanga kutaura kweAmerica kundima dzokumadokero, uye nzira dzokuzarura migwagwa yokugarisa nayo munguva yemberi. Jefferson akadavira kuti kukura kwamavirazuva kwaizovimbisa kupukunyuka kwehurumende yeRepublic kupfurikidza nokugovera nyika nokuda kwezvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi uye kudzivisa kubatanidzwa kwavagari vemo mumaguta, kwaairangarira senzvimbo dzinoparira uori neudzvinyiriri.

Chiono ichi, nepo chichinyandura kuAmerica vazhinji, chakava nemiuyo inoparadza zvikuru kuvanhu veAmerica vamaIndia avo vakanga vachitogara ndima dzokumadokero. Chiono chaJefferson "mumiriri worusununguko" chakavakwa pakudzingwa kwavanhu vomunzvimbomo uye kutambanudzwa kwouranda mundima itsva. Lewis naClark Expedition, pasinei zvapo nezviitwa zvavo zvesayenzi uye ruremekedzo rwechokwadi izvo Lewis naClark vaiwanzoratidza kuvanhu vemaIndia, pakupedzisira vakabatira basa roumambo raizoguma nokurasikirwa kwenyika dzeMarudzi okuMarudzi nokuparadzwa kwenzira dzomuzvarirwo dzoupenyu.

Kubudirira Kwezvemari Nezvokutengeserana

Chiono chemari chaJefferson nokuda kwaMadokero chakanangidzirwa pakurima nokutengeserana. Iye akadavira kuti varimi vokumadokero vaizobudisa zvitsama zvezvirimwa izvo zvaigona kutumirwa kumisika yeEurope, kuparira pfuma nokuvimbisa kuzvimirira kwezvemari kweAmerica. Basa reboka rokuziva nzira dzebhizimisi nokutanga ukama nendudzi dzemaIndia eAmerica rakabatira iyi purogiramu yezvemari.

Jefferson akakarirawo kuti rwendo rwacho rwaizozivisa mikana yokushambadza neAsia kupfurikidza nemhenderekedzo yePacific. Nepo zviwanwa zveboka racho zvakajekesa kuti hakuna nzira iri nyore yokufamba nayo mvura mukondinendi yacho yakanga iripo, mashoko akaunganidzwa pamusoro poRwizi rweColumbia nePacific Northwest aizotsigira pakupedzisira kutaura kweAmerica kuOregon Territory ndokurerutsa kutangwa kwenzira dzezvokutengeserana dzePacific.

Matambudziko Nemakakatanwa

Basa raJefferson muLewis and Clark Expedition rakanga risiri regakava. Chisarudzo chake chokupfuurira nerwendo pamberi peLouisiana Purchase chakamutswa mibvunzo pamusoro pechiremera choukuru hwapamutemo uye ukuru hwakafanira hwesimba rapurezidhendi. Chikumbiro chake chemari yapachivande yakabva kuCongress chakanetsa vamwe vaidavira kuti zvisarudzo zvinokosha zvakadaro zvinofanira kuitwa kupfurikidza nekurukurirano yapachena. Uye chiono chake nokuda kwokukura kwokumadokero, nepo chichichengetwa navaAmerica vazhinji, vachifuratira kana kuti kubvisa kodzero nefariro zvavanhu veIndia veAmerica vaizodzingwa neAmerica.

Mibvunzo yeBumbiro reMitemo

Jefferson, uyo akanga avakira basa rake rezvamatongerwe enyika pakududzira kwakasimba kweBumbiro reMitemo, akatarisana netsoropodzo huru yebumbiro remitemo muzvose zviri zviviri Louisiana Purchase nerwendo rwakainzvera. Somuvaki akaoma, Jefferson amene akanetseka pamusoro pokuti Dare reMitemo raipa purezidhendi chiremera chokuwana nzvimbo itsva kana kuti kupedzera mari yavose pakunzvera. Zvisinei, kuzvipira kwake kukura kwokumadokero pakupedzisira kwakapfuura kukura kwebumbiro remitemo rake, uye akapfuurira nezvose zviri zviviri kutenga nerwendo pasinei zvapo nokusava nechokwadi kwake pamusoro pehwaro hwavo hwebumbiro remitemo.

Tapuro Pavanhu VemaIndia okuAmerica

Nepo Jefferson akaraidza Lewis naClark kubata vanhu veMarudzi noruremekedzo uye kutanga ukama hune rugare, muuyo wokupedzisira werwendo wakanga uri kupfuudzira kukura kweAmerica kupfurikidza nendyiko dzavagari vemo vemo. Zivo yenzvimbo, batano dzamagariro avanhu, uye kutaura kwenyika kwakatangwa neboka racho zvakagadzirira nzira nokuda kwenzvimbo dzaizovakwa namaIndia eAmerica aizobvisa vanhu munyika dzavo dzakare. Chiono chaJefferson chokubatanidza maIndia okuAmerica munzanga yeAmerica kupfurikidza nokubudirira kwezvokurima uye tsika zvakabvumikisa kuva zvisina mufungo uye pakupedzisira zvakaparira miitiro iyo yakaparira kutambura kukuru.

Kuchinja Kwenguva Refu Nerevo Yenhau

Lewis naClark Expedition havagoni kunyanyodudzwa, uye basa raJefferson mukukuita kuti kubvire rinomirira imwe yemipiro yake inokosha zvikurusa kurudzi rwacho. Nzvero yakagadza zvirevo zveAmerica kuPacific Northwest, yakagovera zivo yakakomba yenzvimbo nesayenzi, yakazarura nzira dzokunzvera nokugarisa zvenguva yemberi, uye yakabata fungidziro dzeAmerica munzira dzinopfuurira kunzwika nhasi.

Pesvedzero Pakunzvera Kwenguva Yemberi

Iyi nzendo yokutanga yakamirira kumadokero kwechishuvo chokubvisa misha yeAmerica nenzanga mhiri zvikuru kwoRwizi rwaMississippi. Nzvimbo yeWhite House mukuronga uye mukuratidzirwa kwapashure kwezvigadzirwa zvakatumirwa kubva kuidzi nzendo dzinoratidza rudzi rwezvikamu zvapakuvamba zveAmerica yokukura kwamavirira. Lewis naClark Expedition vakatanga muenzaniso wekuongorora hurumende kwaizoteverwa muzana rose ramakore rechigumi namapfumbamwe. Rwendo rwakaitwa naZebulon Pike, Stephen Long, John C.

Nhaka Yesayenzi

Zviitwa zvesayenzi zveLewis and Clark Expedition, zvakaitwa kuti zvibvire nokusimbisa kwaJefferson pakunzvera nokungwarira uye zvinyorwa, zvakabetsera zvikuru sayenzi yeAmerica. Masangano ezvokugadzira mhuka nemhuka akaunganidzwa neboka renyanzvi dzesayenzi dzakapfumisa miunganidzwa yesayenzi nenzwisiso yezvisikwa zveNorth America. Nhoroondo dzemagetsi dzakagovera mashoko anokosha pamusoro petsika dzeMatiko eAmerica. Uye zivo yenzvimbo yakaunganidzwa neboka rezvikependi yakaruramisa uye yakagovera mashoko akarurama aizotungamirira vafambi nevagari vemo vemo vemo.

Kutapura Tsika

Lewis naClark Expedition vazova imwe yenhauro dzinorondedzera dzenhau dzeAmerica, dzinoratidzira mudzimu wokunzvera, kurondwa kwezivo, uye kukura kwenharaunda yeAmerica nepesvedzero. Basa raJefferson mukuumba, kuronga, uye kutsigira rwendo rwazova rutivi rukuru rwenhaka yake yenhau. Rwendo rwakaratidzira bviro yokunzvera kwesayenzi yakapfuudzwa nemitemo uye miganhu yokubatanidzwa kwehurumende mukunzvera nokubvunza kwesayenzi izvo zvinopfuurira kusvikira kuzuva rino.

Kuzvichengetera KwaJefferson

Corps of Discovery(an Cops of Discovery) yepfungwa yaitarisirwa naThomas Jefferson kwaanopfuura makumi maviri amakore, yakabatanidzwa netsauriro yake kuSayenzi Yokuvhenekerwa, uye yakasimbiswa nechiono chake nokuda kweAmerica yokumadokero(jerp) yakava nemirayiridzo yayo, basa rayo, uye mutoro wayo wenhau. Uku kutaura kunotora rudzi rukuru rwokubatanidzwa kwaJefferson neboka. Nokuda kwaJefferson, Lewis naClark Expedition zvakamirira mugumo wechiroto choupenyu hwose uye kushandiswa kwemipimo yake yeNjekedzo.

Ukama hwaJefferson naMeriwether Lewis hwaikosha zvikuru. Akashanda somurayiridzi nababa kuLewis, achigovera nhungamiro, dzidzo, uye mikana yakaumba upenyu nebasa zvaLewis. Lewis paakafa mumamiriro ezvinhu asingazivikanwi muna 1809, Jefferson akatapurwa zvikuru nokurasikirwa. Akashanda kuti achengetedze mukurumbira waLewis uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti zviitwa zveboka racho zvaizozivikanwa zvakanaka uye zvaizonyorwa.

Zvidzidzo Zvevatungamiriri Vamazuva Ano

Kuronga nokuparadza kwaJefferson Lewis naClark Expedition kunopa zvidzidzo zvinokosha kuvatungamiriri vazvino uno. Mubatanidzwa wake wokufunga kwechiono nengwariro yokungwarira kuudzame, kudisa kwake kuisa mari mudzidzo nokugadzirira, simbiso yake pamanyoro nezvinooma zvesayenzi, uye mano ake okukurudzira nokutsigira vanhu vane mano zvose zvakabetsera kukubudirira kweboka racho.

Jefferson akanzwisisa kuti kusvika nharidzano dzezvinzvimbo kunoda kusanoronga, zviwanikwa zvakakwana, vashandi vane unyanzvi, uye vavariro dzakajeka. Iye akaziva ukoshi hwezivo yezivo ndokutsvaka rovedzo yakanakisisa inowanika nokuda kwaLewis. Akakarira zvinetso uye akagadzirira gadziriro. Akachengeta kuvimbisana mugadziriro yacho yose ndokupemberera zviitwa. Mitemo youtungamiriri iyi inoramba ichishanda nhasi uye inoratidzira ukoshi husingagumi hwokuronga kwokufunga, kusingasashandeki.

Mugumisiro: Mupiro Unopfuurira waJefferson

Thomas Jefferson akabatsira Lewis and Clark Expedition akatambanudza kupfuura kungobvumira rwendo rwacho kana kuti kupa mari. Akafunga rwendo rwacho serutivi rwechiono chikuru chenguva yemberi yeAmerica, akaruronga nokungwarira udzame, akasarudzwa ndokugadzirira vatungamiriri vake nokungwarira kukuru, akagovera mirayiridzo yakakwana yakatungamirira rutivi rwuri rwose rworwendo, uye akaramba achibatanidzwa murwendo rwacho rwose uye pashure pokudzoka kwarwo.

Rubudiriro rwerwendo mukuwana zvinangwa zvarwo(--kunyora nzvimbo dzisingazivikanwi, kutanga marudzi matsva, kutanga ukama hwemibatanidzwa nendudzi dzeAmerica yeMandaundi, uye kusvika kuPacific Ocean(whean) zvakaratidzira kukura kwechiono chaJefferson uye kunzvera kwesayenzi. Zivo yenzvimbo, zviwanwa zvesayenzi, uye ukama hwemibatanidzwa hwenzanga zvakatangwa neboka renyika dzakava nemigumisiro mikuru neyogarirano panhau yeAmerica, zvichiparira kukura nokuvandudza kwemavirira kumadokero uye kuvandudza rudzi rwacho muzana ramakore rechi199.

Nepo tichifanira kubvuma mativi echinetso echiono chaJefferson, zvikurukuru tapuro yacho pavanhu veAmerica, tinogonawo kuziva zviitwa zvesayenzi zvechokwadi nedzidzo izvo zvakaparirwa netsigiro yake nokuda kwe Lewis naClark Expedition. Musengwa waJefferson kuzivo, kutenda kwake musimba rokucherekedza kwokungwarira nezvinyorwa, uye mano ake okunyandura nokutsigira mabasa ane gwinyiro anomirira mativi anokosha enhaka yake.

Lewis naClark Expedition vanobvumirana nezvingaitwa apo utungamiriri hwechiono, kuronga kwokungwarira, kuoma kwesayenzi, uye ushingi hwomunhu zvinobatana mukuronda nharidzano dzechishuvo. Basa raThomas Jefferson mukuita kuti uku kubudirira kuve kunobvira rinomirira chimwe chezvikamu zvake zvinokosha zvikurusa kunhau yeAmerica uye rinoratidzira simba risingagumi repfungwa, kugadzirira, uye kutsunga kuumba nzira yamarudzi.

Nokuda kwaavo vanofarira kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pe Lewis naClark Expedition ne Jefferson basa muAmerica kukura kwamavirira, Thomas website yaMonterson Jefferson's yeMontellallo [ inopa zviwanikwa zvikuru nezvinyorwa zvenhau. [[FLT:] National Archives[FL]] National Archives [[FLDAL]] [[FLT]] Rinopa reromagence reProxation kuMages kukumbira mari nokuda kwebasa. [[FLT:] National Park inogovera mashoko akazara pamusoro poukama pakati peJefferson na Lewics. [FL:] [FF]]