Denho Yemashoko Akawandisa

Zuva riri rose, munhu avhareji anosangana namashoko akawanda kupfuura angave aona mugore. Mashoko, nzvimbo dzesocial network, hofisi dzesocial network, tsvakurudzo dzeinjini, uye mapepa edzidzo ose anokwikwidzana nokuda kwengwariro. Muiyi mhoteredzo, mano okunzvera manyuko amashoko haasati achirizve anosarudzwa nemhaka yehupinduro hwamashoko (hwusiri unyanzvi hunokosha nokuda kwavadzidzi, vadzidzisi, uye nyanzvi. Pasina mutoo wakarongwa, kunyange vadzidzi vanosanoziva vanogona kuva vanyajambwa vemashoko anotsausa, kunzvera kwechinyakare, kana kuti nhema chaidzo.

Kushandisa mashoko aya kunoita kuti unyatsoona kuti ndeechokwadi here, uye kunotoita kuti uzive kuti mashoko acho anobva kupi uye kunobatsira sei mumakirasi, mumaraibhurari, kana kuti pakutsvakurudza.

Kunzwisisa Kwakabva Mashoko Akasiyana - siyana

Zvikamu zvitatu zvinoiswa muzvikamu zvakafara, chimwe nechimwe chichibatsira pakutsvakurudza uye kudzidza.

Manyuko Makuru

Manyuko makuru anopa ufakazi hwakananga, husingareviki kubva panguva kana kuti chiitiko chiri kubvumwa. Idzo idzi dzvurudzo dzenzvero. Mienzaniso inobatanidza nyaya dzapakuvamba dzokunzvera, magwaro enhau, madhindiri, bvunzurudzo, hurukuro, mapikicha, uye mashoko asina kunyorwa. Nokuda kwavadzidzi, manyuko makuru angava fundo yesayenzi inobudiswa mumagazini inorangarirwazve kana kuti tsamba yakanyorwa nemunhu wenhau. Simba guru ramanyuko manyuko iidzorwo iImmedirediac. Kunyange zvakadaro, ivo havasati vaidzwa kupfurikidza nokududzirwa. Zvisinei, vanoda kuti manyuko makurusa anogona kuva anoshatsa kana kuti asina kushatsa.

Misivi yeChimbiru

Manyuko ekaresa anonzvera, kududzira, kana kuti kupfupikisa manyuko makuru. Mabhuku, hwirudzuro dzamabhuku, mapepa, uye nhau zhinjisa ndedzechipiri. Anowedzera ukoshi kupfurikidza nokunyora manyuko mazhinji okutanga uye kuaisa mumashoko akapoteredza. Uchokwadi hwamashoko echipiri hunotsamira zvikuru pamano omunyori kumirira nenzira yakarurama mashoko makuru. Manyuko echipiri anosanonzverwa anogona kuponesa nguva, asi akanyorwa zvakashata anogona kushatisa ufakazi hwapakuvamba.

Manyuko Emari

Manyuko eTertiary anounganidza nokupfupikisa mashoko kubva mumanyuko makuru neakare. MaEncyclopedia, maalmanac, mabhuku, uye nyaya zhinjisa dzeWikipedia dzinopinda muboka iri. Anobetsera kuwana mashoko anokosha okunzvera nokuwana mamwe matsvakirwo ezvekunzvera. Zvisinei, manyuko apakuvamba haawanzogovera udzame hunodikanwa nokuda kwebasa redzidzo yakaoma. Anofanira kuonekwa semapfundo okuvamba, kwete zviremera zvokupedzisira.

Kunzwisisa aya mapoka kunokubetsera kusarudza kuti mweroi wamanyuko wakakodzera nokuda kwezvinodikanwa zvako. Mudzidzi wechikoro chapamusoro anonyora mushumo pamusoro pechinjo yomugariro wokunze angavamba namanyuko akavanzika akafanana neenisaikoropidhia yakakurumbira, ipapo kuendera kumanyuko echipiri kubva kumasangano esayenzi, uye pakupedzisira kunzvera nhau huru mumagazini dzakadai se NHAU kana SC]

Mupimo Wetsika Wokubvisa Manyuko

Kana uine paunowana mashoko akakodzera kuvhura kana iri website, bhuku, podcast, kana kuti vhidhiyo inonzi YouTube, ichishandisa zvirongwa zvishanu izvi zvakarongeka. Zvinenge zvichiumba pakavakirwa bvunzo yeCRAAP asi zvinofanira kuongororwa pasina kumira.

Kunyorwa

Mubvunzi anobvunza: Ndiani akanyora izvi? Munyori ane P.D. muastrophysics anoremekedzesa zvikuru musoro wokunzvera muchadenga kupfuura muongorori asingazivikanwi. Tsvaka masangano, zvinyorwa zvakapfuura, uye unyanzvi hunozivikanwa mumunda. Nokuda kwemanyuko eweb, nzvera “Maererano nepeji” neUnion of theology. Kana pasina munyori akarongwa, bata manyuko nokupanikira. Muzvimwe zviitiko, sangano rakafanana neWorld Health Organization kana American Historical Association rimire somunyori, asi unofanira kuyera kuvimbwa kwesangano racho munzira imwe cheteyo.

Musi wokuzivisa

Munzvimbo dzinofamba nokukurumidza dzakadai semichina, mishonga, zviitiko zvazvino, nguva inokosha. Kuongorora ruzivo rwemabhatiri ebhatiri kubva muna 2015 kungangova chinhu chisati chashanda nhasi. Ukuwo, kuongorora kwakaitika muUmambo hweRoma kungangova kunokosha kana kuchiratidza ruzivo rwazvino uno. Nguva dzose ongorora bhuku racho kana kuti musi wapera. Pawebsite, tsvaka mashoko ekodzero yokunyora kana kuti “chitambiso chekupedzisira chanzi". Kana musi uripo, iva anokosha. Kana pasina musi wacho, ungatoongorora makore kana makumi emakore.

Muparidzi Kana kuti Puratime

Hurumende inoparadzira nhau dzinobva kunhau. Mamagazini anoonekwazve, michina yokudhinda yeyunivhesiti, uye masangano ezvinobudisa nhau akatangwa (mutomo, BBC, Reuters, The Associated Press) ane mipimo yokunyora inoderedza zvikanganiso. Ganhuriro dzehurumende (.gov) nedzidzo (.edu) nzvimbo dzinowanzova dzakavimbika zvikuru kupfuura kutengeserana (.com) kana kuti mapeji omunhu oga. Zvisinei, haasi mapeji ose ane chiremera.

Kuziva Zvaungaita

Manyuko ose ane murangariro. Nhau ndeyokuti manyuko anokwanisa anopa ufakazi nenzira yakananga uye anobvuma zvimwe mirangariro. Manyuko akatsikwa angasiya maidi akaremerwa nemirangariro, angashandisa mutauro wakaremerwa, kana kuti cherry - pick mashoko kutsigira mhedziso yakafanorongwa. Kuziva fungidziro, kubvunza: Nderipi riri donzo ramanyuko here? Kuzivisa, kunyengetedza, kutsigira, kana kuti kutengesa? Nhetembo dzenhau, dzinotarira kupesana kwakajeka pakati peidi nemurangariro. Nokuda kwemifungo kana kuti mapepeti, ibvunzo yakanaka kutsvaka manyuko anodudza zvakajeka mirangariro yavo uye ipapo kunzvera kutaura kwavo nemirangariro inopesana.

Uchapupu uye Kuona Zvinhu Zvakajeka

Manyuko akavimbika anotsigira kutaura kwawo noufakazi hunotsigira. Tarira mashoko akatorwa, mashoko omuzasi, mavhesi emashoko emashoko epakutanga, kana kuti nongedzero kunzvero. Manyuko acho anojeka zvikuru ari pamusoro pemiitiro yawo namanyuko, kuri nyore kupupurira. Kana posvendi ichiita kuti mashoko ashingirire asi isingapi misiyano kana kuti zvinyorwa, ione sezvisingabvumiki. Nenzira yakafanana, kana website ikadudza mamwe mapeji ayo amene (chidimbuko chakavharwa), haisati ichizokwanisa kutsigira. Manyuko anowanzobatanidza kunzvera kukuru, mishumo yehurumende, kana kuti kubvunzurudza nyanzvi.

Kushandisa Muedzo WeCRAAP Muukuru

CRAAP ATS yakakudziridzwa navatarisiri veraibhurari paCalifornia State University, Chico ( JELY] MIAM [) uye inoramba iri chimwe chezvishandiso zvinoshanda zvikurusa. Tsamba imwe neimwe inomirira upamhi hwekuvimbwa. Pasi apa pane tsananguro yakakura ine mienzaniso yekongiri.

Mari

Mari inonongedzera kurudungwe rwenguva rwamashoko. Manyuko akabudiswa kana kuti akavandudzwa? Yachinja zvikuru here chifo chenguva? Somuenzaniso, muminda yakadai souchenjeri hwokuisiira, kusimudzirwa kwemirimo, kana kuti sayenzi yemamiriro okunze, mashoko azvino uno anokosha. Mukupesana, kunzvera kwamashoko kana kuti mabasa ehwaro ehwaro kungachengeta ukoshi hwemakumi amakore. Cherekedza masvomhu akawanda: manyuko angaronga gore rekunyoresa maruramiro echi2023 asi ane nongedzero kufundo kubva muna 1990/* izvi zvinogona kugamuchirwa kana fundo dzekare kare dzichiramba dziripo. Zvisinei, kana websiteji inenge isina kugadziridzwa pamusoro pechate yeCHOD-192020, inova yagara iripo.

Dzokerai Kure

Relevance anobvunza kana manyuko enhau inonzvera kana kuti kushaiwa. Manyuko ane chiremera zvikuru pabitmation haashandi kana uri kunyora pamusoro pouinjiniya hwendege. Evalute manyuko enzvimbo inopindwa, vateereri vaidiwa, uye udzame. Kana iri pepanhau rekoreji, nyaya yemagazini inoonekwazve yevezera rako inowanzova inokosha zvikuru kupfuura peji yeWikipedia. Nokuda kwepo yevhu yakaitirwa vateereri vose, magazini yesayenzi yakakurumbira ingava yakakwana. Usanyengedzwa namanyuko akakurumbira anongobata musoro wako bedzi newausingatamisi nguva yako uye ramba uchinangidzira ngwariro yako.

Chiremera

Chiremera chinobatanidza kuvimbika kwomunyori, muparidzi, uye chirevo chinovaita nyanzvi here?

Kururama

Nzvero iri pamusoro pezvokwadi neruramiso yamashoko. Ko manyuko anotsigira here kutaura kwawo noufakazi? Unogona kuyera maidi aro uchishandisa mamwe manyuko akazvimirira? Tarira manyuko, rugwaro, uye hwirudzuro. Nokuda kwenyubsite yakaputsika, nzvera mabatanino aungaratidzira kunzvera kwemaspiriti. Uyewo, chenjera zvikanganiso zvegirama uye typos, izvo zvinogona kuratidzira kushaikwa kwoutarisiri. Enzanisa namanyuko akavimbika pamusoro mumwe. Somuenzaniso, kana website ichitaura kuti Pasi harina kupfupika, rayambuka neNASASA kana kuti bhuku rezvo. Kukoshaidzwa ndiko mupimo mukurusa; manyuko anogona kuva azvino unowirirana, uye anokudzwa asi achiri asina kururama.

Chinangwa

Donzo rinobudisa chinangwa chiri shure kwemanyuko acho. Nei rakasikwa? Zvinangwa zvakakurumbira zvinosanganisira: kuzivisa, kunyengetedza, kuvaraidza, kutengesa chinhu, kumanikidza purogiramu, kana kuti kuzivisa. Manyuko anoitirwa kuzivisa ane bviro huru yokuva akadzikama. Manyuko akarongedzerwa kupwisa kana kuti kutengesa angangogona kutaura chokwadi chakananga. Somuenzaniso, website yebhizimisi pamusoro pezvisimbodzo zvezvokudya ine revo yakashata nenzira yakarongwa yakarongwa mumuzvarirwo, `it' chinangwa chokukutengesai mapiri. Pepa redzidzo pamusoro pezvikamu zvimwe chetezvo rakanyorwa kuti uzivise uye kuti uzvidzokorore. Zvibvunze: Ko manyuko ari kuedza kundidzidzisa chimwe chinhu, kana kuti ari kuedza kundiita kuti ndifunge nenzira yakati? Kuziva chinangwa chaunobatsira kukubatsira kuvimba.

Kusiyanisa Mashoko Asina Kunaka, Marformation, uye Malformation

Kunzwisisa kusiyana kwemashoko aya matatu kunowanzovhiringidza asi kunorondedzera zvinhu zvinonetsa zvakasiyana - siyana.

Mashoko Asina Kunaka

Mistformation inhema kana kuti haina kururama inogoverwa pasina vavariro yakaipa. Mumwe munhu angaisa nokukanganisa kufungidzira mamiriro okunze ekare seanhasi, kana kuti kutaura kunonzi hakuna kururama. Mugoverani anodavira kuti ichokwadi. Kurwisa mashoko asina kururama kunoda dzidzo uye kungwarira chokwadi panzvimbo pemhosva. Somuenzaniso, mukati mengwavaira dzomusikirwo, mashoko asina kururama pamusoro penzvimbo kana kuti nhamburiko dzokuyamura kazhinji kazhinji dzinopararira nemhaka yokuti vanhu vane revo vanogoverana rondedzero dzisina kujeka.

Distation

Kupesana inhema namaune kana kuti inotsausa inoumbwa uye inoparirwa nevavariro yokunyengera. Ikoku kunobatanidza mawebsite enhau okunyepedzera, nhau dzakagadzirwa, mifananidzo yakarongwa, uye manyuko. Disformation inowanzoshandiswa nenyanzvi dzehurumende, masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika, kana kuti mapoka ane ruvengo kuti afuke vhiringidzo, kusekesa chivimbo, kana kuti murangariro wepesvedzero. Muenzaniso mukuru irondedzero yemazano echitsotsi, iyo yakatungamirira kumasimba masimba chaiwoiwo enyika. Disformation inoda mativi akasimba zvikuru, zvakadai sokushuma zvikamu, kurovedza kurava, kunyora nokunyora mashoko, uye kufunga kwokutsoropodza.

Malinfort

Malinforence yakavakirwa pazvokwadi asi inoshandiswa kuparira kuvadziko. Inobatanidza mashoko akatsveyamiswa emashoko omunhu oga, mapepa akadonha, kana kuti mavhidhiyo akagadzirwa zvawo. Nepo maidi akavanzika angava echokwadi, mharidzo inoakanganisa kukuvadza munhu kana kuti sangano. Somuenzaniso, kubudisa maemail ezvamatongerwe enyika emunhu oga pasina mashoko akapoteredza kushatisa mukurumbira wavo. Malinfo inoshandisa kutendeseka kwezvokwadi kuita nharidzano dzakashata.

Kuzvidzivirira, shandisa kufunga kwokutsoropodza kutaura kwose kunoshamisa, zvikurukuru uko kunonyandura mirangariro yakasimba. Shandisa nyuzi dzinozivikanwa senzvimbo dzakadai se Snopes kana kuti FactC.org. Kana usingavimbiki, tsvaka kwakabva mashoko acho uye tsvaka kunenge manyuko maviri akatogara adzikwa.

Kuvaka Unyanzvi Hwokugona Kuverenga Nekunyora

Kuziva makombiyuta kunosanganisira kukwanisa kuwana, kuyera, kugadzira, uye kukurukura uchishandisa michina yemagetsi.

Kufunga Kunonetsa

Kufunga kwokutsoropodza ndiko nheyo. Kunoreva kusagamuchira mashoko pasina ukoshi asi kupanikira kwaakabva, ufakazi, uye mufungo. Kurudzira vadzidzi kubvunza kuti “Neiko ndichifanira kudavira ikoku?” uye “Ufakazii huripo hwokuzvitsigira kana kuti kuaramba?” Kuvadzidzisa kuziva unyengeri hune mufungo, kunyengera kwemirangariro, uye tsvete yemashoko inotsigira mashoko anotsigira zvitendero zviripo. Kushandisa kumwe: kupa nhau ndokukumbira vadzidzi kunyora mashoko ose uye ipapo kusimbisa munhu mumwe nomumwe anoshandisa manyuko ane chiremera.

Unyanzvi Hwokutsvakurudza

Nzvero inobudirira inoda kuziva kwokutsvaka. Dzidzisa vadzidzi kushandisa mapepa eraibhurari, injini dzokunzvera dzinobudirira (kushandisa vashandisi veBoolean, masevhi akafambira mberi okutsvaka, uye kunzvera kwapanzvimbo yakananga se ), uye kuziva magazini anoonekwazve. Vanofanira kudzidza musiano pakati pemigumisiro inovhurika yokunzvera nemapepa edzidzo. Unyanzvi hunobatanidza kuita purani yokunzvera, kunyora mashoko, uye kuronga zvishandiso zvakadai seZotero kana kuti Mendeleley.

Kuverenga Nokunyora Zvinobudisa Mashoko

Kunzwisisa mashoko ezvinobudisa nhau kunobatanidza kunzwisisa kuti mashoko ezvinobudisa nhau anovakwa sei uye kuti anopesvedzera sei vateereri. Vadzidzi vanofanira kunzvera mashoko akapoteredza: Ndiani ane mashoko okubudisa nhau? Ndoupi muitiro wayo wokupepeta?

Mibato Yekirasi Inoshanda Yokunzvera Manyuko

Nzira yakanakisisa yokuumba unyanzvi hwokuyera ndeyokurovedza. Heino mibato inoshanda nokuda kwechikoro chapamusoro kupfurikidza nemwero yekoreji.

Denho Yokuedza yeCRAAP

Chigovera vadzidzi vanobva kwakasiyana- siyana panhau imwe cheteyo (somuenzaniso, kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze. Zvikamu zvinogona kubatanidza pabodhingi, nyaya yeWikipedia, pepa resayenzi, peji rehurumende, uye nzvimbo inoyevedza yakadai seOnion. Ita kuti vadzidzi vashandise CRAAP kuiedza uye vaione nokuvimbwa. Kurukurai kuti nei mamwe manyuko achikundikana pamipimo mizhinji (g., chidimbu chezvidimbu chinokundikana ku “Purice". kana akatorwa chaizvoizvo). Kurovedza uku kunovandudza kuziva mireza mitsvuku.

Kurwisa Kutaura Kune Utano

Kumbira vadzidzi kuti vawane nhau inovangira kubva pasocial network uye vaone kuti inoshanda sei pachishandiswa nzvimbo dzinoongorora chokwadi uye manyuko apakuvamba. Kumbirai kuti vanyore ufakazi hwakawanda: kwayakatanga, kana yakachinjwa, uye kuti chokwadi chakazova chii. Ikoku kunodzidzisa vadzidzi kukwira kunzvimbo yapakuvamba, unyanzvi hunokosha hwokubvisa mashoko asina kururama.

Kuenzanisa Kumativi

Vadzidzi vakawana manyuko maviri azvino uno emirangariro inopesana panhau imwe cheteyo (somuenzaniso, kudzora pfuti kana kuti nhomba zvinorayirwa. Vanofanira kunzvera manyuko mamwe namamwe vachishandisa mupimo (unyori, tsvete, ufakazi, chinangwa) ndokunyora rondedzero pfupi apo manyuko akavimbika zvikuru uye chikonzero nei.

Kupa mhinduro

Kana paine chirongwa chokutsvakurudza, taurai nezvemabhii epanyika imwe neimwe, uye ndima pfupi inenge ichitsigira kuvimbika kwemunhu wacho.

Ita Kuti Uzive Zvakaipa Zvauri

Sekurovedza muviri kwazvino uno, kumbira vadzidzi kuvamba chidimbu chiduku chemashoko asina kururama (muchib., “Ini raibhurari yenzvimbo ino kutsiva mabhuku ose namahwendefa”) ndokugadzira nzvimbo inoiswa mashoko kana kuti nzvimbo inorevererwa vanhu zvinoita kuti iratidzike kuva inoda chokwadi. Ipapo itai kuti kirasi iedze kuongorora zvinotaura. Kurovedza uku kunoratidza kuti kuri nyore sei kutanga zviri mukati zvinotsausa uye kuti kujekeswa kunokosha sei. Kunodzidzisawo kuva nemaonero: kuona jasi rekushandisa dhibhureji racho kunoita kuti vadzidzi vatsungirire zvikuru pakunyengera.

Mugumisiro: Kuongorora Tsika

Kubvisa manyuko amashoko hachisi chidzidzo chimwe chete; muitiro unofanira kuitwa zuva nezuva. Maturusi nenhevedzo zvinokurukurwa ne(CRAAP) muedzo, tsvusvuro, kunzvera ufakazi, uye kusiyanisa mashoko asina kururama kubva murconficial . Asi hapana ndandanda inogona kutsiva pfungwa dzinoda kuziva. Unyanzvi hunokosha zvikurusa kuramba usina kupanikira pasina kuva anopanikira. Hakusi manyuko ose ane zvikanganiso asina maturo; haasi manyuko ose ane chiremera akakwana. Vavariro ndeyokushandisa manyuko akawanda emariro akakwirira, rangarira mirangariro yavo, uye wana mhedziso dzako umene dzakasanofungwa.

Munyika umo maarugism anotipa zvatinoda kunzwa, uye umo vatambi vakashata vanoedza noune kunyengedza, mano okuyera manyuko chiito chenjere dzoungwaru. Zvishongedze umene navadzidzi vako nemitoo iyoyi, uye hausati uchizongowana bedzi mashoko ari nani zvikuru.

Nokuda kwokuravazve, nzvera zviwanikwa zvinobva ku Project yeCynic, iyo inopa zvidzidzo zvapachena nokuda kwavadzidzisi, kana kuti AL nhungamiro dzokunzvera[. Rambai muchibvunza, rambai muchisimbisa, uye rambai muchidzidza. Zera remiitiro rinotusa avo vanoziva kuparadzanisa chiratidzo noruzha.