Kutanga: Kunyora Kunoratidza Simba Rakakamukana Kunoitwa neBumbiro Remitemo

Mifungo mishomanene iri pakati pehurumende yeAmerica kupfuura hurumende. Bumbiro reMitemo reU.S. rinokamuranisa noune chiremera pakati pehurumende yenyika muWashington, D.C., uye hurumende 50, imwe neimwe ine nzvimbo yayo imene youtanhamari. Pasi penyika, zviuru zvezviverengero, maguta, uye maruwa chaiwo zvinoumba ruvara rwomunzvimbomo runotapura vagari vemo zvakananga zvikurusa. Kunzwisisa ichi hachisi muitiro wedzidzo bedzi; chinokushongedzera kuronga mitemo inoumba gadziriro youtano hwako, dzidzo, chengeteko, uye zororo rezuva nezuva. Nyaya inopa shanyo huru yemitengo yemitengo yehurumende — muchibatanidzwa, nharaunda, uye kutsanangura kuti zvinofambidzana sei, uye kushandira pamwe chete kuti uite gadziriro yakaoma yatinorarama nhasi.

Gadziriro Yokushanda Nevamwe: Kudzokorora Zvakaitika Munhau

Vagadziri veBumbiro reMitemo vakaronga gadziriro yehurumende kuti vadzivise kuiswa simba kwavakanga vawana muumambo hweBritain nepo vachingoumba hurumende yakasimba yapakati kuti ibatane nyika itsva. Pashure peMitemo yeConfederation yakakundikana (iyo yakasiya hurumende yenyika isina mazino), 1787 Convention yeMitemo yakabudisa gwaro rakadudza masimba chaiwo ehurumende yehurumende yehurumende — zvakadai sokuronga mari, kuzivisa hondo, uye kudzora bhizimisi renyika — nepo richigadza mamwe masimba ose kuhurumende kana kuti vanhu muPendeji yeTenth.

Anopfuura mazana maviri amakore, dzikamo yesimba yakachinjazve. Hondo yavagari vemo neReconstruction zvakapupurira kuchinjwa kwemitoro (13th, 14th, uye 15) kwakawedzera chiremera chehurumende pakodzero dzavagari vemo. New Deal muma 1930 yakaunza hurumende munhungamiro yemari negarikano yenzanga. 1960s dzakaona kumwe kukura nepurogiramu dzeGreat Society, uye makumi amakore achangobva kupfuura aya akapupurira zvose zviri zviviri mitoro zvichidzokera shure kunyika uye kushandiswa kwokuwedzera kwehurumende. Nhasi, kurukurirano yehurumende inoramba ichinyandura, nekurukurirano pamusoro pechinhu chiri chose kubva kumirayiro yezvoutano yemhoteredzo.

Zvikamu Zvitatu zveHurumende Zviri Kushanda

Hurumende Yenyika

Hurumende yehurumende inoshanda kubva kudzimbahwe renyika yacho uye ine simba pamusoro pezvinhu zvine chokuita nenyika yose.

  • Bhizi reRegitoriti:[[FT:1] Congress yeU.S., inoumbwa neDare (100 mitezo, miviri pahurumende) neImba yeVamiririri (535 mitezo inogoverwa navagari vemo). Congress inonyora mitemo yehurumende, inozivisa zvibvumirano, uye inodzora bhajeti rehurumende. Masimba makuru anobatanidza mano omutero, kukwereta mari, kudzora nyika nekutengeserana kwokumwe, uye kutanga mutemo mumwe wokuvara kwomuzvarirwo. Kunzwisisa kuti mutemo unova sei mutemo, shanyo [[FLT:]].
  • Bazu rePurezidhendi: Rinotungamirirwa naPurezidhendi, uyo anobatira somutungamiriri weProfeta uye mutungamiriri mukuru. Bazu guru rinomanikidzira mitemo yehurumende kupfurikidza namazana amasangano, kubatanidza Dhipatimendi reZvoutano neMabasa avanhu, Department of Transportation, uye Environmental Protection Agency. Purezidhendi anokarakadzawo bhajeti uye anogadza vatongi vehurumende (ne Dare reDare).
  • Jehodicial Bank: Gadziriro yedare rehurumende, inodzorwa neDare Gurusa reU.S., inotsanangura mitemo yehurumende neBumbiro reMitemo. matare epasi pevhu anobata nhau dzinobatanidza mibvunzo yehurumende kana kuti mhatsa yevagari vemo. Simba reDare Gurusa rinobvumira kuputsa mitemo inoputsa Bumbiro remitemo — basa rakaumba chinhu chiri chose kubva kukodzero yokubvisa pamuviri.

Chiremera chehurumende hachina kuganhurirwa. Bumbiro reMitemo rinopa masimba akati bedzi akaverengwa; mamwe masimba mazhinjisa anoramba aripo nehurumende. Dare rapamusoro rinowanzotsiva gakava pamusoro pemuganhu pakati pechiremera chehurumende nehurumende, somuzvinoitika zvakadai se United States v. Lopez [1995], iro rine ganhuriro dzeClaus.

Hurumende yeHurumende

Hurumende imwe neimwe ine bumbiro rayo amene remitemo, mugavhuna wayo imene, gavhuna wayo imene, uye gadziriro yayo imene yedare. Hurumende inoshandisa icho chinowanzonzi “masimba ehurumende” — mano okudzora utano, chengeteko, garikano, uye tsika. Ikoku kunoreva hurumende kudzora mutemo woutsotsi, mutemo wemhuri, mutemo wezvinhu, uye dzidzo yavose.

  • State Legislatures: Nyika dzose kunze kweNebraska dzine chigaro chemitemo chebumeral (imba yakaderera neimba yapamusoro). Hurumende inogadzira mitemo panhau dzisina kubviswa nehurumende yehurumende. Vanopfuudzawo bhajeti yehurumende, mitero yehurumende, uye kukwirira mugwedhi reubernarian revetoes.
  • Governor: Mutungamiriri mukuru wenyika, akasarudzwa zvakananga navavhoti. Gavhuna anoita mitemo yehurumende, anokarakadza bhajeti, anogadza misoro yemadhipatimendi, uye anogona kupa mirairo yavakuru vakuru. Magavhuna mazhinji ane simba guru pamusoro pekutarisirwa kwekurumidziro neNational Guver Arements.
  • Matare eruwa: Dare reHurumende rinotsanangura mitemo yehurumende nebumbiro remitemo. matare makuru ehurumende (anowanzodanwa namazita akasiana) ndiwo madzoro okupedzisira panhau dzomutemo wehurumende. Anobata mativi mazhinjisa ekakavadzano dzapamutemo — sutu dzapamutemo, kurovererwa kwapautsotsi, nhau dzemhuri, uye probate.

Nyika dzinewo simba rokuronga hurumende dzomunharaunda dziri munyika dzadzo. Dzinogona kuita, kubatanidza, kana kuti kubvisa maruwa, maguta, uye zvikoro.Ukama uhwu hunoreva kuti chiremera chehurumende chomunzvimbomo chinotorwa chose chose kuhurumende, kwete kuhurumende yehurumende.

Hurumende Yomunzvimbomo

Hurumende yemo ndiyo inonyanya kudzora mamiriro ako ezvinhu zuva nezuva.

  • Mitemo: Zvikamu zvehurumende zvehurumende zvinogovera mabasa akadai sokuchengetwa kwomutemo (madhipatimendi edare), kuyera mitero, madhipatimendi outano hwavanhu vose, uye kugadziriswa kwemigwagwa. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzakasarudza masangano eruwa namaneja akagadzwa.
  • Maguta: Mataundi, uye misha inoshanda kuvagari vemo vakatsvikinyidzana. Vanobata nzvimbo dzinogarwa, mapato emapurisa omunzvimbomo nedziyo, mapaka, mvura netsvina, uye kufambiswa kwavanhu vose. Makambani mazhinjisa ane chimiro chehurumende.
  • Maruwa anokosha: Mapoka eendipendero akagadzirwa kuti aite mabasa akati akafanana namaruwa echikoro, maruwa emvura, maruwa eraibhurari, kana kuti maruwa anodzivira moto. Anowanzova namabhodhi akasarudzwa edare nechiremera chokubhadharisa. Maererano neU.S. Censues Bureauer, maruwa chaiwo ndiwo anokura nokukurumidza zvikuru ehurumende yomunzvimbomo.

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinowana masimba adzo kubva kumutemo wenyika. dzinogona kupa mitemo (mitemo yenzvimbo) pamisoro inobvumidzwa nehurumende, yakadai sebumbiro remitemo rokuvaka, mitero yeruzha, uye mitero yomunzvimbomo yokutengesa.

Mapindire Anoita Hurumende

Kushandira Pamwe Kunoitwa

Mamiriro matatu ezvinhu haashandi ari oga, anoshandira pamwe nezvinomwe:

  • Vatambi-mubato: Hurumende yehurumende inogovera mabhiriyoni amadhora kunyika nenharaunda gore rimwe nerimwe kupfurikidza nezvipo (madonzo chaiwo akafanana nemari yomumugwagwa mukuru) uye mari inopa (madonzo akasiana - siana akafanana nefambiro mberi yenzanga). Iwaya anopa kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji anouya nemigariro — somuenzaniso, masangano anofanira kukwidziridza zera rokunwa kusvikira ku 21 kuti awane mari yomumugwagwa mukuru.
  • .Manute neNdengedzo: Hurumende yehurumende inogona kuda miganhu kuita zviito zvakati (zvipikirwa) kana kuti kudzosa chose chose mitemo yehurumende (kutongwa). Ceather Air Act neAmerica ine Dictable Act mienzaniso yemirairo yehurumende inoparira mutengo pahurumende nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo. Kusunungurwa kwakakurumbira munharaunda dzakadai sedzokubuda munyika nedzinobhangi.
  • Hurumende yoUbati ushe hweHurumende: Nharaunda dzakawanda dzakaoma kunzwisisa, dzakadai sedavidzo yengwavaira, dzinobatanidza mwero yose mitatu. Apo dutu rinorovanya, hurumende yomunzvimbomo inobata kubuda kwokutanga, Hurumende inobatanidza National Guard and fortate , uye FAMA (sangano rehurumende) inogovera mari yeyamuro yengwavaira netsinhirano.

Basa Remari: Kutenga Mari Kumwe Kwomwe Kukura Kwazvo

Mitero inoshanda pamwe chete, asi mwero mumwe nomumwe unotsamira pamanyuko akasiyana emari. Hurumende inounganidza yakawanda yemari yayo kubva pamutero wemari yavanotambira mumwe nomumwe uye mitero yemitero yemitero yemitero. Hurumende dzinovimba zvikuru nemitero yemari inotengeswa uye mitero yemari yavanowana. Hurumende dzemo dzinotsamira pamitero yemari, mitero yezvokutengeserana, mitero yekomunharaunda, uye mitero. Kutamisirwa kwehurumende yehurumende kunotendererawo zvikuru: inenge chikamu chimwe chezvitatu chemari yehurumende nemari inotambirwa yomunzvimbomo zvinobva pamuripo yehurumende. Kuganhura mari pakati pemwero yemari — kupfuura kuwedzera kweMedicaid, mari yemari yemari, kana kuti yamuro yedzidzo — zvinhu zvinoramba zviri rutivi rwezvamatongerwe enyika zveU.S.

Kutapura Nyika Chaiyoiyo Paupenyu Hwako Hwezuva Nezuva

Kutarisira Utano Nemasangano Enzanga

Gadziriro dzeFederal dzakadai seMedicare (yavakura) naMedicaid (yavanhu vanotambira mari shoma) dzinogadza mipimo yenyika asi dzinodzorwa kazhinji kazhinji nehurumende. Affordhable Care Act yemubatanidzwa wemisika yezveutano (ACA) yakawedzera miraudzo yehurumende yemisika youtano apo inosiya hurumende chisarudzo chokushandisa chinja zvinhu zvavo vamene nokuwedzera Mdhicaid. Pamwero wenzvimbo, madhipatimendiro outano avose anotarisira kudzivirira, kutora majekiseni, uye mirabhuro yenzanga yezvoutano. COVID-19 yakasimbisa kusawirirana pakati penhungamiro yehurumende nezvisarudzo nemitemo yehurumende pamiteko.

Dzidzo

Dzidzo zvikurukuru ibasa renyika nomunzvimbomo. Nyika dzinogadza mipimo yedzidzo, zvinodikanwa zvomudzidzisi, uye nzvero dzokupedza kufunda. Maruwa ezvikoro omunzvimbomo anotarisira zvikoro, anopinza vadzidzisi, uye anosimudzira mitero yezvinhu kuti atsigire mabasa. Kubatanidzwa kwemari — zvakadai seAll Students Receeds Act (ESA) — zvinogovera mari inotsigirwa nokuda kwavadzidzi vanowana mari yakaderera nedzidzo chaiyo asi haisi kuraira marapirwe ezvikoro. Zvisinei, mitemo yehurumende yekodzero dzevagari vemo inorambidza rusaruro muzvikoro, uye Depa rezipa rezi redhipatimende reDzi pamikoro dzinodzo dzavadzidzi neyamuro.

Zvekufambisa Nezvirongwa

Hurumende yehurumende inoita mari huru mumigwagwa mikuru yepasi pevhu, nhandare dzendege, uye gadziriro dzokufambisa muHighway Trust Fund. United States ina migwagwa mikuru yehurumende uye inowanzobatira pamwe nezvokudya muzvirongwa zvomumugwagwa. Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinotarisira migwagwa yeguta, mabhazi okufambisa napasi pevhu, nzira dzinofamba napanzira dzepasi pevhu, uye migwagwa yebhasikoro. Chisarudzo chokuvaka bhiriji idzva kana kuti kugadzira mvura zvikurukuru inobatanidza muvhenganiswa wezvisungo zvomunzvimbomo, mari yehurumende inopa, uye mari yesangano (zvakadai seInfrabliclature Information Information Information Revementation and Jobs Act of 2021).

Kuchengeteka Kworuzhinji Neruramisiro

Masangano anochengetedza mutemo wehurumende seFBI anonzvera utsotsi hwehurumende, ugandanga, uye kutengesa mirimo. Mapurisa ehurumende anoongorora migwagwa nokumanikidza mitemo yehurumende. Mapurisa emo ari munzvimbo iyi nedhipatimendi rehurumende vanopindura runhare 911 uye vanobata utsotsi hwemhaka dzemumugwagwa. Madare: judicatary yehurumende inobata nemhosva dzehurumende nenhau dzemitemo; matare ehurumende anotonga mhosva dzakawanda dzemhosva dzehurumende, mhosva dzechibharo, dzechibharo, uye dzemhuri. Majeri ehurumende anobata avo vane mhaka dzemhosva dzomubatanidzwa wehurumende; majeri omunzvimbomo ane mitongo mitongo mipfupisodzo inoitwa pamutemo, marimba, kugadziridza pamutemo, uye zvirango zvemari — zvinoita basa rehurumende yehurumende yomunzvimbomo yehurumende.

Kubatana Nehurumende Yako: Nhungamiro Inoshanda

Kushambadza uye Kusarudza

Kudzosa chinhu ndicho chimiro chikurusa chekuvimbisana. Sarudzo yePurezidhendi, Senators, uye Vamiririri dzinoitika makore maviri ari ose. Hurumende nenzvimbo nokuda kwagavhuna, dare rehurumende, meya, uye dare reguta kazhinji kazhinji zvine simba rakakwirira zvikuru. Sarudzo zhinji dzomunzvimbomo dzinochengetwa pamaminiti okunyoresa kana kuti dzisiri dzechivhoti, dzinotungamirira kukuderera. Shandisa zviwanikwa zvakafanana ne .gov's rev kuvhotera mashoko ako okuvhota [[ kuwana nzvimbo yako yokuvhotera, kunzvera misi yokunyoresa, uye kunzwisisa zvinodikanwa zvedare. Hurumende uye mabhodhi evhotera anotungamirira kunyoresa.

Kuonana Nevakuru - vakuru

Vakuru vakuru vasingadiwi navashandi vavo vanoteerera zvikamu. Unogona kunyora, kudana, kana kuti tsamba nhengo dzako dzeCongress (dziwane pa Conreg.gov's rall yemitezo [). Nemhaka dzehurumende, wana mupikicha wako wehurumende nagavhuna. Panhau dzomunzvimbomo, pinda misangano yeguta kana kuti yesangano reruwa — zhinjisa dzine tsinhiro dzavose. Pakuonana navakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru, iva yakajeka, uye chakananga pamusoro penhau yaunoda (g. g., vhota papepa chairo).

Kubatanidzwa Mukutonga Kwevanhu Vose

Masangano ehurumende nguva dzose anoita tsinhiro dzavose pamirau yakakarakadzwa (mitemo.gov). Masangano ehurumende ane temendi pamvumo dzemhoteredzo, mirau yezvoutano, uye gadziriro dzezvokufambisa. Mabhodhi okuronga enzvimbo anopa vagari vagari mukana wokutaura pamusoro pechinjo dzokuronga nyika, zvirongwa zvokuvandudza, uye zvisarudzo zvevhu. Ipapo ndipo apo vagari vemo vanogona kuumba zvakananga mitemo inotapura nharaunda dzavo — kubva panzvimbo yokukura kwedzimba itsva kusvikira kumitemo panzvimbo dzokurenda pfupi.

Kushandisa Mashandisiro Anoita Zvemagetsi

Hurumende dzakawanda dzakagamuchira ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu kuti dziwedzere kuoneka. Mazera nemaminitsi zvemisangano zvinoiswa paIndaneti; misangano yakawanda inogara. Mawebsite akaita se USA.gov inoshanda sechinhu chinobatsira pamashoko ari mumitengo yose. Hurumende dzine mahofisi adzo emashoko adzisingavhuri, kwaunogona kunyora mabhajeti emari, nhamba dzeutsotsi, uye basa rezvikoro. Miteshi yemagaro yemagadhesi (nhau dzehurumende dzemongi, magavhuna, masangano) inogovera nguva chaiyo uye mikana yokukurukurirana.

Mugumisiro: Basa Revagari Vanoshingaira

Gadziriro yamasimba akakamuraniswa muUnited States inogona kuratidzika kuva iri kure kana kuti inovhiringidza, asi yakagadzirwa zvikuru kuva inowanika. Kubva pahoro dzehurumende dzeCongress kuenda kuhoro yetaundi romunzvimbomo, hurumende isangano rakabatanidzwa rokuita zvisarudzo iro rinopindura — kunyange kana risina kukwana — kuidzoro. Kana uri kutsigira mhepo yakachena, zvikoro zviri nani, migwagwa yakakotsekana, kana kuti mutero wehurumende, uchiziva mwero wesimba riri nhano yokutanga kubasa rinobudirira. Kupfurikidza nokutaura, uye kugara wakaziviswa, unobetsera kuti gadziriro yacho ive nechokwadi chokuti inorarama kusvikira kuchipikirwa chayo: hurumende yavanhu, navanhu, nokuda kwavanhu, pamwero yose.