Kutanga: Kutyisidzira Kuperera Kwehurumende

Munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzenhimbe dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzazvino uno, chombo chiripo icho chinova chinonyepedzera sechishandiso chapamutemo chokunzvera. Kuvhota kwokuvhota kwakagadzirirwa kusaunganidza mashoko enhema ane simba muvhoti ̱ ndangariro pasi pechifukidzo chepfungwa. Kunyange zvazvo zvakashandiswa kwamakumi amakore, bviro yavo yokubvisa tsika dzamatomukono ehurumende negadziriro zvave zvisina kumbova zvakashata zvikuru. Munhambo yokuzviwanisa nokuderedza ruvimbiko, kudzorwa kwamanomano kwezvivhoti zvepotooki kunogona kuderedza mirangariro yavose, kuderedza kurukurirano yavose, uye kushatisa zvakanaka maitiro ehurumende. Kunzwisisa iri basa, miuyo, migumisiro yayo, uye mishonga inowanika nokuda kwokuchengeta pese pese.

Zvisinei, mibvunzo yacho inoiswa panzvimbo dzenhema kana kuti dzinotsausa, dzinopiwa nechitarisiko chenhema chekusatora rutivi kwesayenzi. Chinangwa chaicho hachisi chokuongorora pfungwa dzevanhu asi kuiendesa kunzvimbo yatinoda. Muitiro uyu wokunyengera unova nechokuita nechekuita nehurumende, zvinotsamira pakusarudza munhu achiziva kuti azive kuti anenge asarudza zvipi. Nyaya ino inoongorora kuti zvinonzi ndezvesayenzi, kuti vanoshora sei, kuti vapikise sei migumisiro yakakomba yokushandisa kwavo kusateerera mutemo, uye mafambiro anokosha atingatora kuti tidzivirire masangano edu ezvematongerwe enyika.

Kurondedzera Kushatisa: Bere Mumakwai ’

Kuti vanzwisise ngozi inomanikidzira kunzvera, munhu anofanira kutanga kuitsaura nokunzvera kwapamutemo. Nzvero dzechokwadi dzakarongedzerwa kuyera zvimiro zvavanhu nezvinooma zvesayenzi. Vanoshandisa mashoko asina kupindira, mienzaniso isina kurongwa, uye mutoo wekuoneka kuti vabudise mashoko akavimbika ayo vanyori venhau, uye vanzveri vanoshandisa kunzwisisa purofiti. Nharidzano yacho igwaro , kwete kushambadza kwakavimbika. Mukupesana, kumanikidza kunzvera zvishandiso zvekurukurirano zvinovandika senzverwa. Chinyorwa chakarondedzerwa nomusayendisiti wezvamatongerwe enyika uye munzveri wePropolitiki Albert Cantil, uyo akazvirondedzera se “majekero asiri chaizvoizvo."

Mavara Okushatisa Kwemabhonzo

  • Kupindura mibvunzo yakaremerwa: Panzvimbo po “Ndiani waungavhotera?” Nzvero yokumanikidza ingabvunza, kuti,“ Ungagona kutsigira X here kana waiziva kuti vakanga vadudzwa nokuda kwokuvavharwa kwomutero?” (nyange kana pasina chitsama chakadaro).
  • Kubudiswa kwamashoko akaipa kana kuti enhema: Musimboti wenzvero yokumanikidza isumo yekutaura kunokuvadza. Mubvunzo umene unoparadzira runyerekupe, pasinei zvapo nouchokwadi hwawo.
  • Hamuna muunganidzwa wemashoko echokwadi: Kazhinji kazhinji, danidzo yacho ipfupi zvikuru(kungova mubvunzo mumwe kana kuti miviri) uye mhinduro hadzina kunyorwa kana kuti kushandiswa nokuda kwedonzo ripi neripi realytic. Mushanyi angasakumbira mashoko okugara munyika.
  • Vhoriyamu yakakwirira, urefu hupfupi: Nhamba yokuvhota yokuvhota yakagadzirwa inowanzorongwa munhambo pfupi kudiridza vateereri vakaitirwa donzo, kazhinji kazhinji pasati pasvika vhuro, apo kunenge kusina nguva yokunzvera kana kuti kupindura.

Mienzaniso Yenhau

Nzvero dzemabhomba hadzisi chinhu chitsva. Mu 2000 Republican purezidential primries, nzvero inokandwa muSouth Carolina yakakumbira vavhoti kana vaizotsigira John McCain kana vaiziva kuti akanga abereka mwana mutema asina pamutemo (a kutaura kwenhema chose). Tsika dzakadyara mbeu dzepaniro dzakaparira McCain’ kurasikirwa muhurumende iyoyo. Nenzira yakafanana, muna 2016 Democraticer, kumanikidza kunzvera mudzimwe nyika dzakati kuti Bernie Sanders akakarakadza kuti Bernie Sanders akanga asina kubhadhara mitero kana kuti Hillary Klux Klan. Nzira idzi dzinoshorwa zvikuru uye dzinoshurikidzwa namasangano ezvokuongorora ezvokuongorora, asi dzinopfuurira nemhaka yokuti anoshanda.

Imwe yemienzaniso yakakurumbira zvikuru yakaitika munhangemutange yeTexas muna 2012. Kuongorora kwokumanikidza kwakawana zviuru zvavavhoti vakuru veRepublica nemubvunzo wakavamba: “Kudai waiziva kuti Candidate Jones akanga apomerwa mhosva yokunetswa nemunhu aimbova mushandisi uye akagara kunze kwedare, waizova anenge asingatombofungiri kuti aizomuvhotera here?” Kupomera kwacho kwakanga kusina pakwakavakirwa, asi kukanganisa kwacho kwakanga kuri nokukurumidza. Kunyange kana munhu anenge agona kushora runyerekudzo, kudzokororwawo zvakwo kwemhosva yacho kungaita kuti pave nesangano revo rendangariro rakaoma kugadzirisa.

Kuparadzira Kwakaita Kushatisa Kunodzora Marara

Dhipatimende rinotsamira pamitemo isina kunyorwa: kuremekedza chokwadi, makwikwi akanaka, kuzvitonga kwevavhoti, uye kuvimba nemavhota.

Kuparadzira Mashoko Asina Kunaka Pasi Pechidhindo

Mistinfontro ityisidziro huru kuhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, uye kuvhota kunomanikidzira igadziriro yokupa nenzira inonyengera zvikuru. Kusafanana nedenho yenhema inoparirwa, iyo inogona kudenhwa mukurukurirano kana kuti idi inocherekedzwa nezvinobudisa nhau, nzvero inofutunura inopararira mukurukurirano imwe-imwe isina chinyorwa uye pasina kuzvidavirira kwavose. Muvhoti anonzwa “kubvunza kushatisa kusingatenderwi, uye nemhaka yokuti kunoparirwa sebvunzo isingatori rutivi, kutaura kunowana nhema youvimbiko. , havangazvibvunzi kana kuri kwechokwadi, vapindukidza. Uku kurangarira kunokosha kubetsera nenzira inoshanda pakunanwa kwapa. [zvinodzorwa zvinodzorwa zvinodzorwa zvinodzorwa nenhema, zvinodzokororwa mukati mabhinyanya, uye zvinodzokororwa.] Vanotaura zvenhema, uye havana kujeka.

Kukuvadza Muchina Wokugadzira Zvinhu

Pamavambo payo, democracy inopa mhindu mano evagari vemo okuumba ndangariro dzavo vamene dzakavakirwa pamashoko akarurama. Kuvhota kwokumanikidza kuvhota kuvhozhokera uko kunoreva kuzvidzora kupfurikidza nokufuratira kufunga kwokutsoropodza kwomuvhoti. Kunyomba kwebvunzo inomanikidzira kupindura kurangarira mutengi, kunyange kana donzo riri renhema riri nhema. Ichi chimiro chemugariro wesimba rendangariro. Somuenzaniso, kuvhotera kunosunda kunobvunza kuti, “Mungatsigira Y kana mukawana kuti vavhotera kukwidza kukwidza mitero pakirasi yapakati?”]

Kuwedzera Kuvimba Nemasangano Ezvamatongerwe Enyika

Kuvimbana ndicho chinhu chinodzora munzanga. Vagari vanofanira kuvimba kuti sarudzo dzakarurama, kuti vada kutora vachakwikwidzana nenzira yokutendeseka, uye kuti kuvhota ikoko kuchaonekwa sechinoyera chetsika chakashata. Kuvhota kwokumanikidza kunobvisa chivimbo pamwero mizhinji. Apo vavhoti vanoziva kuti vakanyengerwa, vanova vanotsoropodza kwete bedzi pamusoro penhimbe inokanganisira asi pamusoro pegadziriro yose yezvisarudzo. Vangagumisa kuti zvematongerwe enyika hachisi chinhu asi mutambo wemiitiro yakaipa, unoderedza kuda kwavo kutora rutivi. Uyezve, kuvhota kwapamutemo kunotambura kuva nemhaka nesonganiso. Voter vanozengurira kupindura, vachitya kuti kungava kunzvera kunosunda. Uku kunzvera kwose kwapachena kunokuvadza kururamaongororo evoruzhinji, kunonetesa mumwe wematururo ezvokushandisa vanhu vanoshandisa &8; zvichadavirwa.

Kudzikamisa Makwikwi Akanaka

Kutamba kwakawanda itsika inotevedzerwa pamakwikwi ehurumende. Vachakunda kana kuti kurasikirwa nako nemhaka yepfungwa dzavo, unhu, uye zvikarakadzo zvemitemo, kwete nemhaka yokukwanisa kwavo kubhadhara mazano akaipa. Kuvhota kwokumanikidza kunopa betsero isina kururama kuavo vanoda kuputsa mipimo yetsika. Kutamba kunomanikidzira kuvhiya kunogona kukuvadza zvinobudirira kana kuti kukuvadza munhu anorwisana naye, nokuti kudenha kwacho hakuchinjiki uye hakukurudziri kudzokera shure seterevhizheni. Munhu anoda kuvhiya kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji haagoni kuziva manyuko kana kuti kupindura munguva. Uku kutamba kwacho kunonangidzira zvakasimba nokuda kwomutambi asina tsika, kushora vadavi vanopinda munhandare uye zvinhu zvinopa mubayiro.

Migumisiro Inobvira Yokutonga Kune Ubati Ushe Hwehurumende Hunosarudzwa Navanhu

Kuwedzera kwenzvero dzokumanikidza kunotambanukira kure zvikuru kupfuura dzinza rimwe nerimwe.

Kuwedzera Kwokutsoropodza uye Kusakunda

Kuratidzirwazve kuparadziro inokweverwa kukuita kuti pave nokusatenderwa kunoparira kutsoropodza. Voters dzinovamba kuona kurukurirano dzose dzezvamatongerwe enyika sedzokunyengera, naizvozvo dzinomira. Vanorega kuteerera gakava remitemo, vanorega kunzvera, uye vanorega kuoneka panzvero. Uku kubvisa inzufu yokuda kufa nokuda kwokutora rutivi kwedemokrati. Apo vavhoti havagoni kutsaura zvokwadi kubva mumashoko, vazhinji vanongosarudza zvavo. Muuyo muvakirwo muduku, muvhoti mukuru zvikuru uri nyore zvikuru kudzora. Fundo ya2019 yakaitwa nePew Research Center yakawana kuti 35% bedzi yavaAmerica vanovimba nezvinobudisa nhau zvakarurama uye zvakarurama; vanosimudzira kusava nechokwadi nokusarurwa uku nokusarurwa kwemashoko.

Kudzika Mamiriro Ezvinhu

Kufeya-vhura kuparadzira tsvina inoparira kupesana nokuparadzira zvirongwa zvevavengi. Havabatanidzi nzvimbo dzakajeka; panzvimbo pezvo, vanoshandisa pomero dzakanyanyisa uye dzenhema dzinoratidzira chishoro sechakashata, chine ngozi, kana kuti chisiri cheAmerica. Ikoku kunosimbisa ruvimbiko rwedzinza uye kunoita kuti kusawirirana kwemisiyano chaiyo ive isingabviri. Apo vavhoti muFlorida vanonzwa kuvhotera kunomanikidzirwa kunoda mutengi kuti anoda “kudzosa mapurisa,” uye vavhoti muOhio muOhio mumwe anoda“ kuchengetedza Social Security,” havazivikanwo pamusoro pemisiyano chaiyo. Ivo vanoshatiswa nokushatiswa. Munhambo nenguva, ikoku kunokudza kukamukana kudika nyika inodikanwa nokuda kwehurumende yehurumende inotonga.

Masangano Anotonga Nehurumende Dzisiri Kusimba

Misangano yakadai sezvinobudisa nhau, matare, uye masangano evhota anovimba nokuvimba navanhu kuti zvishande. Kuvhota kwokumanikidza kuvhozhokera uko kunovanza maidi nokukuita kuti kuve kwakaoma nokuda kwesangano ripi neripi kuvimbisa zvokwadi. Idi-chekero inoedza kubvisa kutaura kwenhema, asi nzvero inosunda inoshanda mumimvuri /_no transcription, hapana chinyorwa chavose. Pakuzosvika panguva ino idikashandeidzwa, kuvadziko inoitwa. Democracy inotsamira pachinhu chimwe chakavakirwa pamaidi; inosimudzira kuparadza chinyorwa chapanyuko chinopambwa nechirevo icho chisingagoni kunyorwa nyore nyore. Ichi chinonetesa basa rezvinobudisa nhau sechokwadi uye chinoshatsa kutsika chirongwa chipi nechipi chakarurama.

Kudzivirira Vagari Vemo Dzehurumende: Kugamuchira Kwakawanda Kwakapikirwa

Pasinei zvapo noukombi hwetyisidziro yacho, pane matanho anobudirira anogona kudzora kushandiswa kwenzvero dzinogombedzerwa ndokuderedza kuvadziko dzadzo.

Kuchinja Kwakasimba uye Kumanikidza

Mitemo yehurumende nehurumende yepanguva ino haina kukwana zvikuru. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) inodzora varobhora asi haisati ichidzosa zvakananga kuvhota. Mitengo yakawanda ine mitemo inorwisana norunhare rwezvamatongerwe enyika “kushatiswa” kana kuti unyengeri, asi hahuwanzomanikidzirwa. Kusvika kwakarongwa kungagona kubatanidza:

  • Kuzivisa kwokuzivisa: Kukumbira kunzvera kupi nokupi kupenyu kuitisa nzvero kuzivisa nhimbe kana kuti sangano kutsigira danidzo, uye kutaura pakutanga kuti donzo nderokuunganidza mirangariro (nezvirango nokuda kwokushatisa).
  • .Banning kuvhota pamberi pesarudzo: Mitemo inoverengeka yakadai seNew Hampshire neCalifornia ine mitemo inoganhurira kuvhota mumazuva okupedzisira pamberi pesarudzo. Iyoyi inofanira kukudziridzwa uye kuchengetwa nenzira youviri.
  • kuzivisa mutoo wokunyunyuta: Muitiro wapakati apo vavhoti vanogona kushuma runhare runonyumwirwa, kunyandura kunzvera namabhodhi esarudzo ehurumende kana kuti magweta makuru.

Kudzorwa kunofanira kuva kwokungwarira kusadzongonyedza pakutaura kwapamutemo kwakasununguka kana kuti kuvhota, asi mitemo yakajeka mukurwisana nemiitiro yokunzvera kwokunyengera inogona kupfuura kurongwa kwebumbiro remitemo. Brennan Center yeRuramisiro yakabudisa mutemo womuenzaniso unodzikamisa itiro hanya dzeFirst Amendment nedikanwo yokudzivirira vavhoti pamazano ounyengeri.

Dzidzo Yezvigadzirwa Zvemagetsi uye Kuverenga Nokunyora

Kuzvidzivirira kwakanakisisa pakuedza kumanikidza kubvunzurudza kunoitwa nenyanzvi. Voters vanofanira kunzwisisa kuti kuvhota kunosunda kunonzwika sei uye vanoziva kuti kunogona kudzikamiswa. Nhimbe dzedzidzo dzinoitwa nemasangano, zvikoro, uye mapoka ehurumende dzinogona kudzidzisa vanhu kuziva zviratidzo: nzvero pfupi zvikuru, mibvunzo yakatarwa, pomero dzinopiwa sebvunzo, uye mushanyi asingagoni kugovera manyuko asina muganhu. Kana vavhotera vakaziva kuti “chipoto” chaizvoizvo kuedza kwokuzvidza. Vareveyi vanogona kuramba shoko racho. Zvirongwa zvokunyora nokunyora mashoko ezvikoro zvinofanira kubatanidza kumanikidza kuvhotera sefundo yezvamatongerwe enyika. Ikoku kunowirirana nenhamburiko dzakakura dzokurwisa kudzikanya, mabhati, makaka, uye kupindira mune dzimwe nyika.

Kujeka Kubva Munhimbe Nemapepanhau

Nhimbe dzinofanira kuitwa nokuzvidira kumipimo yokunzvera kwetsika. American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) ine bumbiro retsika rinorambidza kuvhota; nhimbe dzinoratidzira perero yavo. Vatori venhau vanoitawo basa rakakomba. Apo nzvimbo dzinosundwa, zvinobudisa nhau zvinofanira kuongorora ndokushuma, kududza mutsigiri kana achiziva, uye kutsanangura nzira yacho kuvanhu vose. Somuenzaniso, pashure pa2018779 kudzosera kutsvakwa mudzinza reVirginia, mapepanhau omunzvimbomo anobudisa nhau idzo dzakafumura runhare ndokuparira rumbidzo ndokuguma nokushurikidza pachena.

Kutsigira Kushingaira

Tsika dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzimene dzinofanira kuchinja kukukoshesa perero kupfuura kuhwina kwenguva pfupi. Mapati navatungamiriri vebato vanofanira kumanikidza vapambiri vanoshandisa nzvero. Vapi navashingairi vanogona kuisa tsigiro pavimbiso yokusashandisa nzira dzokunyengera. Nepo ikoku kunoratidzika kuva kwefungidziro, tsika dzinochinja: mhosva dzemari dzechirongwa, mari inoridzirwa nembwa dzedzinza, uye mamwe maitiro aichimbova anozivikanwa navose zvino zvino ava kushurikidzwa zvikuru. Muitiro mumwe chetewo unogona kushanda nokuda kwokukwidziridza. Apo kutsigira kwetsika kunova pfundo roruremekedzo nokuda kwokuremekedza vhiyi (*) sundo yokushambadzira kupfurikidza nokushambadzira inoderwa.

Mugumisiro: Chengeta Nheyo Yechisarudzo Chinoumbwa

Kunzverwa kwematongerwe enyika kusati kuri chinhu chisingakuvadzi. Kunomirira kuchinjwa kwamaune kwegadziriro yedemokrasi, yakagadzirirwa kufuratira kurangarira nokuisa zvitendero zvenhema. Seizvo nyaya ino yaratidza, bviro yavo yokubvisa mipimo yedemokrasi yakakura: vanoparadzira mashoko asina kururama, vanoshatisa utongi, vanobvisa chivimbo mumasangano, uye vanokwevera mutengi nzvimbo vatambi vasingaiti mipimo. Miuyo yejekiseni yechalism, devoration, urwuri, urwuri hwesangano (h.) inokanganisa utano hwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu pachako.

Asi pane tariro. Kupfurikidza nokubatanidza mirau yakachenjera, dzidzo inovhota, miitiro inopenya, uye musengwa wetsika kutsika kutsika, tinogona kuderedza kuvadziko inosundwa kuvhota. Nharidzano ndeyokusabvisa micheto yose yakashata mukukwikwidza, asi kuva nechokwadi chokuti hapana unyanzvi hunopokanidza zvakasimba nheyo huru yedemocracyism yokuti vavhoti vanofanira kukwanisa kusarudza pahwakarurama, hwakatendeseka. Kudzivirirwa kwemipimo yedemocracy kunovamba nokurambwa kwezvishandiso zvinonyengera kufanana nokuedza. Mugari wemo ari wose, apo anonzwa “chitso,” ane simba rokuibvunza, anoishuma, uye kuramba kupfumba.

Nokuda kwokuraviwazve pamusoro penhau netapuro dzenzvero dzinomanikidzirwa, ona Pew Research Center [ shoo dzekurukurirano yezvamatongerwe enyika, uye Contrommon King [[ mishumo yetsika dzechirongwa]. Mashoko akapoteredza panzvimbo dzapamutemo anowanika kubva ku Facedal Commissions [[ miraudzo yemiitiro. izvi zviwiro zvinopa nhano dzekongi kuti zvinzwisise nokudzivisa iyi tyisidziro yehurumende inosarudzwa.