Simba Rokuchinja Romubatanidzwa Wehurumende Nerapamutemo

Bumbiro reMitemo reU.S. rinopa ramasimba ehurumende akakwana pamusoro pokuitwa kwomusikirwo nokugamuchirwa kwevokumwe nyika. Zvisinei, hurumende dzinochengeta masimba anokosha amapurisa kuti adzore chengeteko yavose, utano, uye garikano (jenaguru) iro magavhuna anogona kushandisa kuumba miuyo ine chokuita nokutama. Dare Rapamusorosoro rakasimbisa rakasimbisazve kuti mitemo yehurumende pamusoro pokutama inodzorwa kana ichirwisana nomutemo wehurumende, asi inozivawo kuti masangano angaita zviito izvo zvinowirirana kana kuti zvinowedzera kuchengetwa kwomubatanidzwa. Iyi muganhu unopa vatongi nzvimbo ine simba kukudziridza kana kuti zvimwe dziviriro zvinowanika kuvatami mukati muganhu wavo.

Gavhuna vanoshanda mukati megadziriro yebatira pamwe yehurumende, umo masangano ehurumende nehurumende anowanzogoverana mitoro. Somuenzaniso, pasi po Kutora nokudzikamisa Murayiro weNational Act, hurumende dzingapinda [ zviremera [g] 87] [masangano anoparadza hurumende nemutemo womunzvimbomo kuti vaise mutemo wokupinda munyika. Gavhuna vanogona kusarudza kuronda, ganhuriro, kana kuti kugumisa zvibvumirano zvakadaro. Mukuwedzera, vatongi vanogona kuzivisa migariro yokudzosera mari kumuganhu wenyika kuchengeteko, sezvinoonwa muTexas neArizona, kana kuti kushandisa simba ravo rokudzivisa kupinza mutemo wokutama kuti vatyairi verairi vereze kana kuti vadzore simba rehurumende yapamutemo. Ganhunhu rehurumende rehurumende yogaro, uye hurumende yokupedzisira, dare rinova rinova rinova rinova rinotonga, uye mutungamiriri chehurumende chogaro, somutungamiriri wehurumende, kunyange chipfumiteshi, mutungamiriri wehurumende, muvadzo.

Vatungamiriri Vehurumende Vanowanika

Nhevedzo Dzine Varairidzi Nemirairidzo

Gavhuna vanogona kupa mirairo yavakuru vakuru kuti masangano ehurumende aise zvokutanga zvakananga zvokuchengetesa kana kuti kuramba batira pamwe nezviremera zvokupinda munyika. Somuenzaniso, Gavhuna Gavin Newsom weCalifornia akabudisa murairo mukuru muna 2019 uyo wakakudza Hurumende California Values Act[[FLT 1], inorambidza hurumende nemitemo yomunzvimbomo kunzvera, kubvunzurudza, kana kuti kubatira vanhu nokuda kwamadonzo okupinda munyika. Nheverevedzano, Gavhuna Ron Desantis weFlorida akabudisa murairo mukuru mukuru mukuru muna 201 anokumbira masangano ose enyika kuti abate nokuchengetwa kwehurumende kuti iendese kusvikira kutambanuko huru inobvumirwa nomutemo. Izvi zvakagadza rudzi rwemasangano evashandi vehurumende kuti vashanje, kana kuti vadzore vanhu vanotamira kune vokutamira kune vokumwe.

Kudzora Mabhangi Nenzvimbo Yemanyuko

Chikarakadzo chemari yokuronga mari chinogona kugovera mamirioni amadhora kumuganhu wechengeteko, mari yedziviriro yapamutemo nokuda kwavatami, kana kuti zvirongwa zvokubatanidza vatami vatsva. Gavhuna weTexas Greg Abbott kushandisa kwehurumende Operation Star [[[FLT: 1]] kuronga kuendesa zviuru zvamadhora eTexas Department of Public Safetyer nemitezo yeNational Guard kumuganhu, kwakatsigirwa nehurumende. Mukupesana, Gavhuna weNew York Kathy Hochul akagovera mamiriyoni $20 kuti atsigire mabasa apamutemo nokuda kwokutarisana nokutapwa. Gavhura akagadzawo mari yemishoni yemibato yemibato yemibato, yakabetsera vagari vemo vakabviswa vapamberi, uye zvirongwa zvoutano zvakaita seMedica.

Mutemo Wehurumende Unomanikidza

Gavhuna vanosarudza kana vachizopinda kana kuti kugumisa zvibvumirano neU.S.Immigration and Customs Enforcementment (ICO). Zvibvumirano izvi zvinobvumira vakuru vakuru vehurumende vakarovedzwa kuti vaite mabasa okuchengetwa kwevatami, zvakadai sokubvunzurudza uye kuendesa zvikumbiro. Vamwe vadzori, kufanana naavo vari muCalifornia neOregon, vakarambidza mapurisa avo kupinda muzvibvumirano zvakadaro. Vamwe, kufanana neDesantis, vakaraira kutora rutivi. Gavhunawo pesvedzero yokushandisa mikumbiro. [5] [9] [9]]

Marezenisi Okushandisa Roiri Nokuzivikanwa Kwetsika Dzakajairika

Mimwe yemitemo inooneka zvikurusa yokubuda munyika inowanika kumarezerezesi okutyaira nokuda kwavatami vasina kunyorwa. Panosvika 2025, nyika 16. neRuwa rweColumbia dzakagadza mitemo inopa mutyairi raisensi pasinei zvapo nenzvimbo yokutama. Gavhuna vakashandisa maraise evakuru vakuru vakuru kukudza kana kuti kuganhurira vatami. Muna 2023, Gavhuna weMinnesota Tim Walz akasaina gwaro rinobvumira vagari vemo vasingadi kutora marezero ezvokutyaira, neredhiyo yeFlorida achisainwa mitemo inosainwa kusava basa repamutemo. Miteko yakadaro inotapura zvakananga upenyu hwezuva nezuva hwemamiriyoni avatami vatami uye vane chokuita kuchengeteka mugwagwa, uye mitezo yemapurisa.

Dzidzo Nebetsero Dzavose

Magavhuna ehurumende anopesvedzera kusvika kuvadzidzi vasina kunyorwa vakapedza kufunda muzvikoro zvapamusoro zvenyika. Pari zvino, inopa mwero yematunhu muruwa kuvadzidzi vasina kunyorwa, kazhinji kazhinji kupfurikidza nemitemo yakasainwa kana kuti kutsigirwa namagavhuna. MuTexas, Gavhuna Rick Perry akasaina mutemo wa2001 uyo wakanga uri pakati pokupa rugwaro rwokutanga. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, vatongi vakasundira nokuda kwekuwedzera kana kuti ganhuriro. Mu2024, Gavhuna Ramukanda Lauray Colla Collah akadzivisa chirevo chavana kubva pakugamuchira muteshipi, asi padare ramatodhirosi. Gavhuna wehurumende anoyerawo pamishoni yezve nokuda kwezvirongwa zvemari, mari inodzodzodzo dzemari, mari inodzosera mari, uye mari yemipiresa.

Nzvero Yenhau Yechiito Chokutama kweHurumende

Arizona neSB 1070 Era

SB 1070 yeArizona, yakasainwa mumutemo naGavhuna Jan Brewer muna 2010, yakanga iri mumwe wemitemo yehurumende ine utsinye zvikurusa yokuchengetedza kutama munhau yazvino uno. Mutemo wakada kuti vakuru vakuru vamapurisa vaone mugariro wokutama kwavanhu mukati mokumira kwapamutemo kana pakanga pane nyumwiro ine mufungo yokuti vakanga vari munyika yacho nenzira isiri pamutemo. Yakaitawo kuti ive mhaka yehurumende kuti ivepo pasina zvinyorwa zvakarurama. mutemo wakamutsa gakava renyika, vakomana, uye Dare Rapamusoro redare rakadenha gadziriro dzinoverengeka sedzinobviswa nomutemo wehurumende. Zvisinei, mutemo “wakandiratidza mapepa ako” kuti uregedzei, uye wakagadza muenzaniso wetsika yemitemo muAlabate muAlabama, Georgia, uye South Carolina. Gavhuna Breva rinosimudzira mukurumbira wake wakasimba semutongi wehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende.

Muenzaniso Wehurumende Wokuyera weCalifornia

Mukupesana, California pasi paGavhuna Jerry Brown uye gare gare Gavin Newsom vakazvimisa vamene somutungamiriri worudzi mudziviriro yavatami. 2017 California Values Act (SB 54) inorambidza hurumende nemirairo yomunzvimbomo yokubatira pamwe nezviremera zvokubudisiswa kwehurumende mumigariro mizhinjisa, inodzivisa kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa zvehurumende nokuda kwokuchengetwa kwavatami, uye inoganhurira kugoveranwa kwamashoko omunhu oga. Gavhuna Newso akasainawo mitemo inogovera kuratidzirwa kwapamutemo kwevatami vakatarisana nokuendeswa kwoutano hwakaderera kunoitwa. Iyi miraudzo youtano yakatarisana nezvinetso zvapamutemo kubva mukutungamirira kwaTrump asi yakatsigirwa zvikurukuru, California inoisa basa rokutsigira basa rokutsigira.

Kutanga Kwechengeteko Yomuganhu weTexas

Gavhuna weTexas Greg Abbott akaita muganhu wenhau inowirirana neMexico. Muna 2021, akatanga Lone Star , achitumira zviuru zvevarwi naVarwi veNational Guard kumuganhu weMexico, uye kuisa mari yehurumende inodarika mabhiriyoni 10 000 mumari yehurumende mu2024. Kushanda kwacho kwakabatanidza kusungwa kwevatami uye vavhozhokeri vehurumende papomero, zvakadai sokupa mhaka uye kukanganisa kwoutsotsi, kudzora zvinobudirira kudzorwa kwemitemo yokupinda munyika. Abottktott akatungamirirawo Department of Publicture Safects kuti aise ratem nemhetezo inodziridzazve muRio Grande, uko kwakatungamirira kurwisana nemutemo nokudzorwa kweBiden, asi kupfuurira kudzodzodzo yedzodzodzo. Makurukota ehurumende anodzo anodzora kumuganhu ose ari maviri, anodzorwa kupfurikidza nokudzorwa kupfurikidza kupfurikidza kwemitemo yehurumende.

Mitemo Yezuva Nezuva yeFlorida

Gavhuna weFlorida Ron DeSantis akasainwa mutemo muna 2023 uyo wakaganhurira zvakakomba mano ehurumende dzomunzvimbomo okugamuchira mitemo inoyera. Mutemo unoda kuti vaverengeri 67 vose veFlorida vabatirane neICE, unorambidza kushandiswa kwemari dzehurumende kugovera dziviriro yapamutemo nokuda kwavatami vasina kunyorwa, uye kusashanda kwerezinesi rerezinesi romuchairi wehurumende yakapiwa kusunungura vanhu vamwe vanhu. Zvinorayirawo kuti zvipataravidzo zvinounganidza mashoko okutama kwavarwere vevarwere uye kushuma kuti zvive munyika. DeSantis anowedzerezve kuchengetwa kwehurumende kwokutama kupfurikidza nokuita boka rokudzorwa kwehurumende rapamusorosoro nokudzorwa kwehurumende kuvambira kuTexas kuVine rekord neS. Izvi zvakaedza Florida nokuda kwehurumende kuti zviwane dziviriro nokutama kwehurumende yomunzvimbomo.

Kutapura Kwehurumende Nenzanga Kwakapiwa Gavhuna Musangano

Panzanga Dzinotamira Kumwe

Mitemo yehurumende yezvokubuda munyika inotapura zvikuru upenyu hwezuva nezuva hwavatami, zvose zviri zviviri zvakatsikirirwa uye zvisina kunyorwa. Mitemo yeSangano mumitemo seCalifornia neNew York inoderedza rutyo rwokudzingwa mukati memibato yemapurisa yenguva dzose, kukurudzira vatamiswi uye zvapupu kushuma utsotsi pasina kutya migumisiro yokubuda munyika. Nenzira inopesana, mitemo inodenha mumitengo yakabatana kuti ichengetedze kuchengetedzwa kwomutemo, kuwedzera kuderera kwemibato yebasa ravo, uye kunetseka kwakawedzera mukati memhuri dzavatami. Kufunda 2020 ne Migration Polictition Institute [[FLT:]] yakawana kuti mumitemo inoganhurira, isati yapa vatamirwa kubuda mumusha, vatamindinotsvaka kana kuti vashamba vashambadzire vana vavo vanobatsira, apo mamiriro ezvinhu anoto anowedzera kubetsera zviri pamutemo.

Pamari Nebasa Zvehurumende

Mitemo yokubatanidza mari inoumbawo misika yebasa rehurumende. Vatami vasina kunyorwa vangaita inenge 4.% yavashandi veU.S., nengwariro mukurimi, kuvakwa, uye kutarisira. Manyika anoganhurira kusvika kwavatami kumarezinisi okushanda kana kuti dziviriro dzebasa angaona kuperevedza kwebasa mumabasa makuru. Somuenzaniso, pashure pomutemo wokubuda munyika yeFlorida 2023, mapoka ourimi akashuma chinetso chavashandi vanotambira basa, apo vamwe vagari vasina kurondwa vakasiya nyika. Mukupesana, anotaura kuti mari inopa mareze omutyairi uye muhurumende yokudzivirira kazhinji kazhinji kacho ingaona mwero yakakwirira yesimba ravashandi vanotora rutivi pakati pevokandwa vanobva munyika dzakatamira nokubudirira zvemari zviri nani. Mushumo weyaya ye [Focto:][3]

PaFederal State Relations

Gavhuna vakava vatambi vakuru mukuumba ukama pakati pehurumende nehurumende yehurumende inodzorwa pakutama. Mukati mekudzora kweTrump, magavhuna eDemocratic muCalifornia, New York, uye Washington vakasundira hurumende yehurumende pamiitiro yakadai serambidzo yokufamba, pomero yavose, uye kubviswa kweDACA. Mukati mekutungamirira kweBhiden, magavhuna eRepublican muTexas, Florida, uye Arizona dzakaita kuti chinjo kuisa zvinhu zvinokosha, purogiramu yeparole, uye mari inotsigirwa yomuganhu. Hondo idzi dzemitemo dzakasvika Dare repamusorosoro redare, dzichisimbisa basa ravakuru vakuru vehurumende senzvimbo yokunzvera vashanyi vehurumende. Bhazi ravatami vanobva kumaodzanyemba munyika dzokuchamhembe, muganhu wemaruwa, naGaraarangeria muganhu weAroffse, dzakaumbwa nehurumende itsva pakati pemasangano ehurumende.

Matambudziko Emutemo Nezvinoitwa Nematare

Unenge muitiro mukuru wose wehurumende wokubuda munyika wakatarisana nedenho dzapamutemo, kazhinji kazhinji wakaunzwa namasangano ekodzero dzavagari vemo kana kuti neBato reRuramisiro reU. Zvisarudzo zva2012 zveDare Gurusa zvakatsigira mu Arizora v. United States[ yakatanga kuti hurumende haigoni kuvamba utsotsi hwavo vamene hwokupinda munyika kana kuti kumanikidza mutemo wokupinda munyika yehurumende kuti ive yakasununguka pasina pamutemo, asi ingabetsera kudzikamisa kupfurikidza nezvibvumirano zvebatirano. Zvisarudzo zvapadzo zvamasangano ehurumende izvo zvinodzora kusimbiswa kwebasa (um.g., 2011 [FLT.2]]Constan] of Com of Comsting v.[FLT] FG.[FLD3:]] mhaka yehurumende inobvumira pamutemo kuti ipfuure, kana kuti ipfuure, apo vatongi vadzoreki vadzori vehurumende vanogona kubvumira nokukurumidza kupfumbira pamutemo. mamiriro ezvinhu anobva. Haromendero yehurumende.

Nguva Yemberi Yokutama - tama kweHurumende

Vachitarira mberi, magavhuna ehurumende sezvingabvira acharamba ari musimboti wemitemo yokutama, zvikurukuru sezvo Congress inopfuurira kukundikana kuparira chinjo huru. Nhevedzo dzinoverengeka kukuita chiito chenzvimbo yakakwirira chinopfuuridzirwa chehurumende:

  • Kukunda hondo[[FLT: 1]: Hurumende yehurumende ingatsvaka mitemo yehurumende inodzorwa iyo inodzongonyedza zvinoiswa pakutanga, asi muuyo uchatsamira pamatare. 2024 inotonga neNhare yeshanu yakatsigira zvishoma kukwanisa kweTexas kuita kuti mitemo yemitemo yenyika itsigire vatami, ichikarakadza kuti maruwa angabvisa mabasa matsva okuita kuti mutemo utendwe.
  • Macompacts eIntertate: Vatongi vangaumba zvibvumirano zvenharaunda kuronga kuchengetwa kwamapurisa kana kuti dziviriro dzavatami. Somuenzaniso, Pekitari yeNyika dzokuMadokero (California, Oregon, Washington) yakakurukura zvirongwa zvapamutemo zvinobatanidzwa zvemubatanidzwa pamusoro pezviito zvokupinda munyika.
  • Chiito chinoshanda miganhu[[FLT: 1]: Sezvo kushandiswa kwemirairo yavakuru vakuru kunowedzera, matare okugadza chigaro angatsvaka kuganhurira masimba avanhu vasina mubatanidzwa. MuOklahoma, mutemo 2024 unoda kuti gavhuna awane tendero yemitemo asati apinda mubvumirano ipi neipi 287(g).
  • Mhinduro youHupi nohupi : Vatongi vari munyika dzemuganhu vangakudza basa ravo mukugovera pokugara, tarisiro yezvokurapa, uye zvokufambisa nokuda kwavatami vakasunungurwa nezviremera zvehurumende. Muna 2023, Gavhuna weNew York Hochul akazivisa mugariro wekurumidziro kuti ujekedze kukurukura kudirana kwavatsvaki veutiziro, vachibatanidza mabhiriyoni nokuda kwedzimba namabasa.
  • Sayenzi namazita zvinogoveranwa: Vatongi vanomanikidzira nokuda kwokuwedzera kushandiswa kwemikoto yemichina yokugoverana, varavi vebhii rerezinesi, uye masero okutevedza kuti vasarudze kuvapo kwavatami. Mitengo yakadai seTexas neFlorida iri kuisa mari muruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu kuti igoverane motokari namashoko aneivo neICE.

Kupedzisa: Gavhuna Sevagadziri Vemiitiro Yokutama

Vatongi vehurumende havasi vashandisiwo zvavo vomutemo wokubuda wehurumende; ivo vagadziri vanoshingaira vemitemo inotapura mamirioni avatami nenzanga dzavanogara. Kupfurikidza nemirairo yavakuru vakuru, zvisarudzo zvokuronga mari, mirau yomutemo, uye kudzorwa kwemitemo, vatongi vanogona kukudza mabanza avatami kana kuti kuganhurira kodzero dzavo. Kusiana kwenyika kunosvika ku(kubva kuArizona kunzvimbo tsvene yeCalifornia) inochinjikira kunzvimbo inochengeteka yezvamatongerwe enyika uye kunoratidzira simba rehurumende rokuita miuyo yomunzvimbomo. Sezvo vagari vagari vemo vanoramba vari basa rapamusoro rezvamatongerwe enyika, basa ragavhuna munhandare ino bedzi kuchakura, kuita fundo yomuitiro wokutama wenyika yomunguva yemberi yokunzwisisa mutemo wokubuda munyika yeAmerica.

Nokuda kwaavo vanofarira kumwe kunzvera, [[FLT: 0] Migration Policy Institute yehurumende inopa zviverengero zvine udzame pamusoro pevagari vokumwe nemitemo. Pew Research Center [ nguva dzose] inobudisa mifungo yemurangariro wavose wokupinda munyika. Nyanzvi dzemitemo dzinogona kubvunza [[FLT:]] Cornell Information offomatical Informationism [.]. Kufutunurwa kwamashoko ezviito zvakati kuti kuti kuti kuti ashande kushande kubuda munyika. ][FLT] [FLT:] na[FLT][FLT]