Zvisarudzo zvepakati uye kuchinjwa kweHurumende: Chitungamiriri cheChigaro

Sarudzo dzemicter dzinomirira nguva inokosha mukarenda yezvamatongerwe enyika yeAmerica, inoitika munenge pakati pechikamu chegore mana rapurezidhendi. Uku kusarudza kunobatira senzira yokuti vavhoti vadzorerezve simba rehurumende yehurumende pasina kusarudza zvakananga mukuru mukuru. Nepo sarudzo yapurezidhendi inodzora ngwariro yavose, nguva dzapakati kazhinji kazhinji dzinoparira chinjo huru zvikuru muzvokuisa mitemo, mirairo yemitemo, uye tarisiro yehurumende. Kunzwisisa kuti hurumende inochinja sei mukati meidzi sarudzo inopa vagari vemo kuisa dare muvhotarowo nokududzira mamiriro enyika nenzira yakarurama uye kushandura mamiriro ezvinhu ezvamatongerwe enyika.

Bumbiro reMitemo rinosimbisa gadziriro yavasarudzi inozunguzika yakagadzirirwa kudzikamisa kupfuurira nokugamuchira. Sarudzo dzeMidter dzinoratidzira iyi nheyo kupfurikidza nokubvumira vasarudzi kuyera kushanda kweboka rehurumende uye kugadziridza dzikamo yesimba nenzira inowirirana. Nhevedzano inobva ku Pew Research Center inoratidzira kuti nguva dzapakati kazhinji kazhinji dzinoguma nokurasikirwa kwebato rapurezidhendi, kugadzira mabanza echikamu chemitemo kana kuti kuchinjika kutsamira pamamiriro enhau.

Chii Chiri Kusarudzwa Pakati Penguva?

Sarudzo dzemitemo dzinoitika makore maviri ari ose, nezita rokuti "midter" zvikurukuru kunongedzera kusarudzo dzinoitwa pakati pemakwikwi apurezidhendi. Uku kusarudza kunozadza zvigaro muImba yavamiririri, inenge chikamu chimwe chetatu cheDare, uye nzvimbo dzakawanda nenzvimbo dzomunzvimbomo. Kusafanana nezvisarudzo zvapurezidhendi zvinobata ngwariro yorudzi navatendi vedare vakakwirira zvikuru uye nhimbe huru dzinoshandiswa, pakati penhambo dzinowanzonangidzira ngwariro panhau dzomunzvimbomo, mwero weruwa, uye kudzora kwehurumende.

Kushandiswa Kwebumbiro Remitemo

Vavambi vemibatanidzwa yakarongwa neSarudzo yokungwarira. House of Desiderations, yakaitirwa kuratidzira murangariro wakakurumbira, inoda mitezo yose 435 kutarisana navavhoti makore maviri ari ose. Iyi nhambo pfupi inovimbisa vamiriri vanoramba vachigamuchira itiro hanya dzeboka. Dare, rakanambwa seboka rinobvisa maruramiro, rinoshanda panhambo yemakore matanhatu nesarudzo dzinokatyamadzwa, kureva bedzi zvigaro zvinenge 33 kusvikira ku 34 zvinokwikwidzwa mukati mesarudzo ipi neipi yenhambo nenhambo. Ichi chivako chinochengeta yerangariro apo vaparidzi vedare vanozvidavirira panguva nenguva.

Kuronga Nokuronga

Mutemo weFederal unosimbisa Chipiri chokutanga pashure poMuvhuro wokutanga muna November somusi wesarudzo unowirirana. Midters nguva dzose inowira mumakore anotova nenhamba asati ari makore esarudzo yapurezidhendi. Iyi nguva inoparira simba rezvamatongerwe enyika rakasiana: vhoti inoyera kuita kwapurezidhendi pasina kuvhota zvakananga nokuda kana kuti kupesana napurezidhendi. Sarudzo inovapo inowanzobatira sezvisarudzo pamakore maviri okutanga, ichipesvedzera makore maviri asara echiito chapurezidhendi.

Kuchinja Kunoita Imba Yevamiririri

Zvigaro zvose 435 zvinokwikwidzwa, kureva kuti ruwa rwuri rwose munyika yacho rune mukana wokuchinja kumirira. Uku kuchinja kwakakwana kunoita kuti Imba ive nzvimbo inodavirwa zvikurusa kushandura murangariro wavanhu.

Kudzora Kukuru uye Simba Romutemo

Mubato unowana zvigaro zvinenge 218 unoita kuti ruzhinji ruzvidzore, kuva nebetsero huru. Ruzhinji runosarudza Mutauri weImba, anodzora karenda yemitemo, anotema kuti zvikweretii zvinogamuchira kurangarirwa kwouriri, uye anogadza zvigaro zvedare. Simba iri rinotambanukira kukudzora bhajeti redare, vabatiri, uye chiremera chokuongorora. Apo chigaro neImba zvinodzorwa namapoka akasiana, mutemo unowanzowedzera, kuraira kunyorwa kwemitemo nokubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira kutemwarati.

Kuderedza Nokuderedza Magariro

Makore gumi ari ose, pashure pekuverenga vanhu, anotaura kuti maruwa okukwevazve maruwa kuti aratidze chinjo dzechiverengero chavagari vemo. Sarudzo dzeMidters nokukurumidza pashure pekuchinja mativi anowanzova namaruwa akagadzirirwa kubatsira mumwe mubato. Uyu muitiro, unozivikanwa segerrymanider, unogona kudzivirira denho dzemakwikwi uye kuderedza chiverengero chezvigaro zvemakwikwi echokwadi. Brenan Center yeChirengoriso [

Vatungamiriri Vedare Nenhungamiro Yemitemo

Zvigaro zvedare redare zvine pesvedzero huru pamusoro pekukura kwemiitiro. Izvi zvigaro zvinodzora zvirongwa zvokunzwa, simba duku, uye mutemo upi unofamba uchienda kuuriri. Chinjo muhudzori hwevoruzhinji inotsiva zvigaro zvose zvamadare, ichidzorerazve zvokutanga kutarisira kunharaunda idzo voruzhinji vatsva vanosimbisa. Somuenzaniso, chinjo kubva paboka rimwe kuenda kune rimwe ingachinja kutarisiro yemhoteredzo kuenda kunzverwa kwemari, kana kuti kubva pamuitiro wezvoutano kumitezo yokushanda kwezvokubuda munyika.

Dare Nechinjo Dzaro

Dare rinochinja zvishoma nezvishoma kupfuura imba nemhaka yemashoko ayo aichinja - chinja makore matanhatu.

Gadziriro Yekirasi Nenzvero YeElector

Vasarudzi vanokamurwa kuva mapoka matatu, chimwe nechimwe chine sarudzo makore maviri oga oga. Ichi chivako chinovimbisa kuti hapana sarudzo imwe inogona kuchinja Dare zvachose asi ichiramba ichizvidavirira nguva dzose. Zvigaro zvakati zvesarudzo munhambo ipi neipi zvinotsamira pakirasi yakagoverwa kuhurumende imwe neimwe, iyo yaisarudzwa munhau apo nyika dzakapinda muUnion. Zvimwe zvirongwa zvine zvigaro zvamakwikwikwi akawanda kupfuura zvimwe, zvichitsamira pakuti nyika dzakarega masangano kana kuti vanasatakuri vezvikwereti.

Vazivi Nezvinodikanwa Zvoukuru

Mitemo yeSangano inowedzera ukoshi hwezvigaro chaizvo. Mutemo unotarisana nemonicbuster unoda mavhoti 60 kuti afambire mberi, kureva kuti boka guru rinowanzoda tsigiro kuti ripfuure zvikwereti zvinokosha. Sarudzo dzeMidminiti dzinochinjira Dare kukudzora kwakakamukana kana kuti mativi makuru anogona kutapura zvikuru kukura kwemitemo. Boka rine 51 kusvikira ku 59 zvigaro rinotarisana neganhuriro dzakasiyana kupfuura imwe ine 60 kana kupfuura, zvichipesvedzera kana purogiramu yapurezidhendi ichibudirira kana kuti zviteshi.

Simba Rokusimbisa Nezvirongwa Zvokutonga

Kudzora Dare kunogadza mugumo wezvigaro zvapurezidhendi, kubatanidza vanyori veCabinet, vatongi vehurumende, uye vatongi veDare rapamusorosoro. Dare rinodzorwa nebato rapurezidhendi rinosimbisa chaizvoizvo kukurumidza zvikuru uye negakava duku. Dare rakabatwa neboka rinopikisa rinogona kumisa kana kuti kunonotsa kuranga, kuchida kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vakurure kana kuti vadzore. Sarudzo dzeMitemmasval idzo dzinodzora Dare rinowanzoparira hondo huru dzokusimbisa mukati mamakore maviri asara eshoko rapurezidhendi.

Hurumende Nehurumende Yomunzvimbomo Zvinochinja

Sarudzo dzemisi inopfuura Washington, D.C. hurumende dzehurumende dzinotarisana nechinjo huru mukati meidzi nhambo, nehurumende, matare okugadza pamutemo ehurumende, uye mahofisi omunzvimbomo ose ari pamarobhoti. aya mamiriro esarudzo pamusoro pedzidzo, zvokufambisa, tarisiro youtano, ruramisiro youtsotsi, uye mitero mukati menyika.

Kusarudza Kunoita Zvokudya

Makumi matatu namatanhatu masangano akasarudzwa mukati mamakore apakati, achiita kuti aya madzinza ave akakomba nokuda kwenhungamiro yehurumende. Gavhuna vane simba pamusoro pomutemo, masangano anodzora, uye bhajeti yehurumende inopesvedzera. Sarudzo dzemitengo yeMidterm gibernerator dzinowanzobatira sezvinoparira zvamatongerwe enyika zvorudzi, navavhoti vachiratidzira gutsikano kana kuti vhiringidziko nemitemo yomubatanidzwa kupfurikidza nezvisarudzo zvenzvimbo yenzvimbo yehurumende.

Kudzora Kwomutemo Wehurumende

Masangano ehurumende anogadza mitemo yokuvhota, miganhu yoruwa, mari yokutsigira dzidzo, uye dzimwe nharaunda dzakawanda. Zvigaro zvinenge 5,800 zvehurumende zvemitemo zvinokwikwidzwa mukati mesarudzo yenhambo, zvinomirira bviro huru yokuchinja mutemo. Kudzora kweboka rehurumende kunotapurawo kurongwa kwemitemo pashure pokuverenga, kuchiita kuti pave nezvikarakadzo zvirefu nokuda kwemimiririri yehurumende. National Conference of Legislatures

Kutanga Kwemabharaki Nehurumende Yakananga

Nyika dzakawanda dzinobvumira vagari vemo kuvhota zvakananga pamibvunzo kupfurikidza nezvirongwa zvokuvhota mukati mesarudzo. Uku kutungamirira kunhau dzinovambira pakunyoreswa kwapamutemo kwembanje kusvikira kuwedzero shomanene yemitero youtano, uye muitiro wemitero. Mindterbroot zvitsauko kazhinji kazhinji zvinokweva ngwariro huru nemhaka yokuti vavhoti vanogona kuita chinjo pasina kubatanidzwa kwemitemo. Nhamba nenzvimbo zvezvirongwa zvebhorati zvinosimu zvinosiana nehurumende, nehurumende dzokumadokero dzakafanana neCalifornia, Oregon, uye Coloradoradorado inoratidzira miitiro yakananga yedemocracy.

Kuchinja Kwenguva Kunokonzerwa Nemitemo

Kunzwisisa zvinhu izvi kunobatsira vagari vemo kufungidzira kuti upenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva huchachinja sei uye kuti vangasarudza sei voona.

Kushandisa Mari uye Kubatsira

Congress inodzora kupererwa kwemari negadziriro yemiitiro. Chinjo mukudzora kworuzhinji inodzoserazve kudyira zvinhu zvokutanga kuzvakanakira voruzhinji vatsva. Ikoku kungareva kuti dziviriro yakawedzerwa mukuva pasi pebato rimwe kana kuti purogiramu dzenzanga dzakakudziridzwa pasi perimwe. Kurwisa kubhadharwa kwemari kunowanzowedzera mukati mamakore ekare apo zvigaro zveboka rapurezidhendi zvinorasikirwa, zvichitungamirira kukupfuurira, kumisa kwehurumende, kana kuti kubvumiranisa njodzi pamasurubhu.

Muitiro Wokutarisira Utano

Kutarisira utano nguva dzose kunowirirana pakati peitiro hanya dzapamusoro dzavavhoti mukati mesarudzo. Chinjo mudzori wohudzori hwezvoutano hwehurumende dzinotapura zvirongwa zvehurumende zvezvoutano kubatanidza Medicare, Medicaid, Affordal Care Act, uye mishonga inonyorwa nachiremba. Imba inodzorwa nebato rakasiana kupfuura ingaronda kutongwa pamusoro pokuitwa kwoutano kana kuti kuedza chinjo dzemitemo idzo purezidhendi anofanira kusaina kana kuti zvimwe kunyora.

Muitiro Wemhoteredzo Nesimba

Matare eCongress ane simba pamusoro pemitemo yemhoteredzo uye kugadzirwa kwesimba zvinochinja zvinhu zvichitsamira pakuti ibato ripi rine simba. Sarudzo yeMidter inochinja utungamiriri hwedare kubva kune rimwe rapamubato kuenda kune rimwe kudzoserazve kuutariri kumasangano akasiyana- siyana anodzosera kumativi anodzokororwa. Kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, kubvumira, kurudziro dzinomutsidzirwa, uye mipimo inoshatisa zvose zvakatarisana netsigiro yesangano zvichitsamira pamugumisiro wesarudzo.

Dzidzo Nezvirongwa

Gadziriro yedzidzo yehurumende uye kuiswa kwezvirongwa zvemari zvinotsamira zvikuru pakuronga nokubvumira. Kuchinja kwemitezo kunotapura mari nokuda kwezvikoro zveTitting I, Pell Grants, mapurogiramu echikwereti chavadzidzi, uye zvirongwa zvezvifambiso. Nyika dzinogamuchirawo mipiro yehurumende nokuda kwemigwagwa mikuru, mabhiriji, uye kufambiswa kwavose, pamwero yemari inodzorwa nenzvimbo inodzorwa nemitemo.

Kutora Rutivi Nemichina Yakaoma

Sarudzo dzemisi inodzora dzinokwezva muvhoti akaderera nenzira inozivikanwa zvikuru kupfuura sarudzo yapurezidhendi, dzichikudza pesvedzero yavavhoti vakazvipira. Kunzwisisa mitoo yokutora rutivi namazano zvinobetsera vagari vemo kuwedzera tapuro yavo yakasarudzwa.

Mipimo Yakajeka Nemisiyano Yemipimo

Voter inoenda kuvhota pakati penhambo yapakati inovambira pa 40 kusvikira ku 50 muzana yavavhoti vakakodzera, ichienzaniswa ne55 kusvikira ku 65 muzana mumakore echiprista. Uku kuderera kunoreva kuti mapoka evagari vemo ane tsinhirano yevhotera yakakwirira inodzora. Vavhoti vakuru, varidzi vemisha, uye vanhu vanowana vakakwirira zvikuru vanowanzovhota pamwero wakakwirira pakati penhambo, nepo vavhotisi vaduku zvikuru navasviki vakaderera vanotora vasingatapuki. Madate namapoka anogadziridza manyorero avo nenzvimbo kuti vakwidzirirwe kuvavhoti vane bvidzo dzinobvira zvikurusa kuratidzira.

Kuedza Kubuda Mujeri

Masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika namasangano okuvhota anoisa mari yakawanda mukuunganidza mukati mesarudzo pakati penhambo. Idzi nhamburiko dzinobatanidza kudzorwa kwapasuo napasuo, kubhangirwa kwapafoni, tsamba dzakananga, uye kushambadzira kwamakombiyuta zvinovhota panhambo nenhambo. Kubudirira kubudisa basa rokuvhota kunogona kuchinja miuyo yesarudzo inoitwa navatsigiri vangada kupedza kusarira. Kunzwisisa kuti masangano anoronga nhamburiko idzi anobetsera vagari vemo kuyera zvirongwa uye kufumura zvinyorwa zvenhau.

Kutanga Kufarira Zvokudya uye Kuramba Vachidya

Zvisarudzo zvizhinjisa zvinopa kuvhota kwapakuvamba kana kuti kusatora kwapakarepo uko kunokudza mikana yokutora. Sarudzo dzeMidters dzinowedzera kukura nguva dzokuvhota uye kusavhota kusati kwambovapo, kunyange zvazvo zvisarudzo zvakati zvakasiana nehurumende. Vavhotera vanofanira kunzvera mitemo yokuvhota yavo yehurumende zuva rekusarudza risati rasvika kuti varonge kutora kwavo. Vavoti.org

Mitoo Yenhau Nezvidzidzo

Kunzvera sarudzo dzenhau dzakaitika kare kunozivisa mitoo inowirirana inozivisa kariro nokuda kwenhambo dzenguva yemberi. Boka rapurezidhendi rinodokuva rinorasikirwa nguva dzose nezvigaro muImba mukati menhambo dzapakati, nerakarasikirwa neavhareji pazvigaro 26. Kurasikirwa kweDare hakuwirirani zvikuru nemhaka yejambwa resarudzo rinozunguzika uye zvigaro zvakarwiwa muchisarudzo chimwe nechimwe.

Kusarudza Nguva Pakati Penguva kwa2010

Nguva ya2010 yakaita chinjo inozivikanwa apo vaRepublican vawana zvigaro 63 zvepaimba, chigadziko chikuru chapakati napakati chifo cha1938. Sarudzo iyi yakatevera nzira yeAfford Care Act uye chitsama chemari cha2009. Hurumende yakakamuranisa hurumende pamitemo mikuru, kurwisana kwemabhadharo, uye kuchinja kuti vatarire vadzore vaObama.

Kusarudzwa kweNguva Pakati pa2018

Chikamu cha2018 chakabudisa chitsama chakakwirira zvikurusa nokuda kwesarudzo yapakati penhambo ya 1914, ne 50,3 muzana yavavhoti vakakodzera vakatora rutivi. Democrat vakawana zvigaro 40 zveImba, kudzora voruzhinjizve, nepo veRepublica vakakudza voruzhinji vavo. Iyi Dare rakakamukana rakaita basa guru rokutarisira, kubatanidza kunzvera mudzori weTrump, uye kubudiswa kwemitemo kwakaganhurirwa pamiitiro mikuru.

Kusarudza kweNguva 2022

2022 pakati penhambo yakaona Republica ichiwana imba nhete apo vaDemocrates vaibata Dare. Kusafanana nemitoo mizhinji yenhau, boka rapurezidhendi rakadzivisa kukundwa kukuru, zvikurukuru nemhaka yechisarudzo cheDare Gurusa chakaparadza Roe v. Wade, iyo yakaunganidza Ddemocraticv. Dare rakakamuranisa rakaparira zvisarudzo zvinopfuurira, zviitwa zvemitemo zvakaganhurirwa, uye kurukurirano dzemari dzinopfuurira.

mhedziso

Sarudzo dzeMicter dzinodzosera kurutivi rweAmerica zvikurukuru nesimba chairo mukati meCongress, mahouse, uye mahofisi omunzvimbomo. Uku kusarudza kunobatira semikana yokuti vagari vagoyera mitemo yazvino uno, kugadziridza dzikamo yesimba, uye kupesvedzera nhungamiro yokudzora nokuda kwamakore maviri asara enhambo yapurezidhendi. Vadzori vanonzwisisa kuti chinjo dzehurumende mukati menhambo dzapakati dzakashongedzerwa zviri nani kutora nokududzira fambiro mberi yezvamatongerwe enyika. Kupfurikidza nokubatanidzwa nomuitiro wezvisarudzo, vanonzvera uye kuvhota, uye vagari vemo mukusarudzo iri yose, vanoita basa ravo rebumbiro remitemo mukuchengeta hurumende inogamuchira uye inozvidavirira.