Kutaura kwenhau kwakabatira kwenguva refu sezvishandiso zvine simba nokuda kwokuchinja, kukwanisa kugadzirira masangano, kuumba zita rorudzi, uye kupesvedzera nzira yezvinoitika zvamatongerwe enyika. Kuvambira pakutaura kukuru kwaWinston Churchill mukati meHondo yeNyika II kusvikira kudanidzo dzamasimba masimba dzavanhu naMartin Luther King Jr., iyi nhambo dzehurukuro yavose dzinochengetwa kazhinji kazhinji nokuda kwokutaura kwavo noukono. Kunyange zvakadaro pasi perevo rerevo yavo yenhau pane mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma apamutemo. Kutaura kunogona kunyandura masimba masimba masimba, kuzvidza vanhu kana kuti mapoka, kana kuti kushandisa kurangarira kurangarirwa kwapamutemo kwemiraudzo, kudzorwa kwevakurukuri kusurudzo yavagari vemo kana kuti kupomerwa kwemhosva pashure pokutaura kwakataurwa kwamashoko kwakataurwa. Kunzwisisa simba rapamutemo rokutaura kwenhau redzidzo yedzidzo yedzidzo, kudzivirira kukanganisa kupfurikidza nokudzivirira ndangariro nokuda kwechaunganwa chaiko nokuda kwevo, kudzivirira chiverengero chavose, kudzivirira chiverengero chavose, uye kubetsera kukuvariranwa.

Kudzikamisa Muitiro: Rusununguko Rwokutaura Rwunodzivisa Kukuvadzwa

Rusununguko rwokutaura chinhu chinokosha chenzanga dzinosarudzwa navanhu, dzakaiswa muzvishandiso zvakadai seFirst Amendment to the United States Constitution uye Chikamu 19 cheUniversal Declaration of Human Rights. Zvisinei, hapana gadziriro yemitemo inobata iyi sekodzero yakakwana. Denho huru yematare nevanopa mitemo ndeyokuyera musiyano pakati pekutaura kwakadzivirirwa uye kutaura kunoparira kana kuti kunotyisidzira kukuvadza kwakakomba. Ichi chiito chokudzikamisa chinova chakakomba zvikuru pakunzvera hurukuro dzenhau, idzo dzingave dzakapiwa mumashoko akasiana apamutemo kana kuti enzanga asi dzinopfuurira kunzwika nhasi.

Masangano emitemo kupota nyika anoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana - siyana dzokuongorora uku. MuUnited States, First Amendment inopa dziviriro dzakasimba, asi Dare Gurusa rakaziva kusiyana kwakamanikana, kubatanidza kunyandurwa kumuitiro wokusateerera mutemo wava pedyo, kuzvidza, uye tyisidziro dzechokwadi. Mukupesana, nyika zhinji dzeEurope neCanada dzinoshandisa muedzo wakaenzana, kuyera ukoshi hwekutaura kugona kukuvadza chiremera chomunhu mumwe kana kuti nhevedzano yavose. Uku kufambira mberi kunoreva kuti kutaura kumwe kwenhau kungarangarirwa sokudzivirirwa muchimiro chimwe chete uye kusiri pamutemo mune chimwe. Muuyo wapamutemo wekutaura nokudaro unotsamira panzvimbo yayo bedzi asiwo pasimba rakwo umo unoongororwa uye mipimo inowirirana yomugariro womutemo womugariro iwoyo munguva inotonga.

Kuongorora Zvakaitika Kare Kunoratidza Kuti Bhaibheri Rinobvumirana Nemitemo

Apo kutaura kwenhau kunova nhau yenzvero yapamutemo, kunobatwa sechinyorwa chine revo yenguva inofanira kuva yakagadzirwazve. Madare anonzvera rugwaro rwapakuvamba, mashoko akapoteredza okuparwa kwarwo, vavariro yomukurukuri, nemigumisiro inofanotaurwa yemashoko. Uyu muitiro wokududzira unozadza nechinetso, sezvo zvinyorwa zvenhau zvingava zvisina kukwana, uye mugariro wenzanga kana kuti wezvamatongerwe enyika wenguva ungasiana nenzira inoratidzirwa. Kunyange zvakadaro, miitiro yapamutemo yakakudziridza dzidziso dzokukurukura idzi denho, dzakadai se "ngozi neinouya" kubva kuU.S. Dare gurusa renhau [[FLT]] .[5] .[5]

Muganhu Wapamutemo Wokunyandurwa Kumasimba Masimba

Mitemo yokunyandura kuzvidavirira iripo munyika dzakawanda apo mashoko avo anokurudzira zvakananga vamwe kuita mabasa echisimba. Nhau huru yapamutemo kazhinji kazhinji ndeyokuva pedyo: ko kutaura kwacho kwakaparira ngozi yakajeka uye iripo yokuti masimba masimba aizotevera nokukurumidza, kana kuti kwakanga kuri kuraira kukuru kwechiito uko kamuri rokuruboshwe nokuda kwokurangarira kwapamutemo here?

MuUnited States, nhau yechiratidzo Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969) yakatanga mupimo wazvino uno wekunyandura. Dare raidavira kuti kutaura kunosimudzira kushandiswa kwesimba kana kuti kusateerera mutemo kunodzivirirwa kutoti kwaidzorwa kukunyandura [[FLT:]] chiito chisakarurama chokusateerera mutemo [ uye kungabvira kuita chiito chakadaro. Ichi muedzo wakaitwa nevavariro nebviro yekuvadziko yapedyo.]

Mukupesana, United Kingdom namamwe marudzi eEurope vanoshandisa mupimo unoganhurira zvikuru mumitemo yakadai sePublic Order Act 1986. Chikamu 4 chechiito ichocho chinorambidza kutaura kunoparira mumwe munhu kutya masimba masimba asingazivikanwi nomutemo. Chikumbaridzo chakaderera: mukurukuri anofanira bedzi kuronga kuparira rutyo rwakadaro kana kuti kuva asina hanya pamusoro pokuti rwunoparirwa. Ikoku kunoreva kuti kutaura kwenhau kune tyisidziro kana kuti mufananidzo wamasimba masimba kwaigona kutarisana nedenho yapamutemo kunyange kana pasina masimba masimba chaizvoizvo akaitika, chero bedzi kutaura kwacho kwakanga kuchikwanisa kuparira rutyo muvateereri.

Kuongorora Nyaya: Chirango Chokutaura Munguva Yehondo

Mimwe yemibvunzo yapamutemo yakaoma zvikurusa inomuka apo kunzvera hurukuro dzakapiwa mukati menhambo dzerwisano kana kuti chinjo yenzanga. Somuenzaniso, mukati meRwanda Genocide, kutepfenyura kwenhepfenyuro nehurukuro dzavose zvakaraira zvakajeka kuurawa kwavaTutsi vasiri varwi. Mumitongo youtsotsi yakatevera yamarudzi ose paInternational Criminal Tribunal yeRwanda, aya mashoko haana kungorangarirwa bedzi kuva anonyandurwa neapomendedzero yavose yokuuraya rudzi, utsotsi pasi pomutemo wamarudzi ose. Vakurukuri vairangarirwa nenzira youtsotsi hwakaipa zvikurusa muRwanda, vachiratidzira kuti hurukuro dzenhau dzinogona kuva nemigumisiro yakakomba yapamutemo apo vanobatanidzwa nenzira yakapararira kuutsinye hwakapararira.

Nyaya iyi inoratidza pfungwa inokosha: simba repamutemo rekutaura kwenhau ringakudzwa apo rinooneka muchimiro chakafara chamasimba masimba kana kuti apo mukurukuri ane nzvimbo yechiremera. Matare anowanzorangarira mano omukurukuri okupesvedzera vateereri, kuvapo kwavateereri vakarongwa, uye kuvapo kwemitoo yokuita chiito chinotsigirwa. Kutaura kwoga kungasaparira masimba masimba, asi mumashoko akapoteredza akarurama, kunogona kubatira segakava guru.

Kuzvidza uye Kutaura Kwenhau

Mutemo wokuzvidzwa unogovera imwe nzira yedenho mukurwisana nehurukuro dzenhau. Kutaura kwokuzvidza ndiko kunokuvadza mukurumbira womunhu anozivikanwa kana kuti sangano, kuchiparira kurangarirwa noruvengo, ruzvidzo, kana kuti kunyomba. Kutaura kwenhau kune nhema dzeidi pamusoro pemunhu mumwe nomumwe (kunyange vashori vezvamatongerwe enyika, vanhu vehurumende, kana kuti vagari vemo vomunhu oga) kunoparira mhaka yehurumende nokuda kwokuzvidzwa.

Kushandiswa kwomutemo wokuzvidza kutaura kwenhau kunopa denho dzechienzi. Kupfuura kwenguva kungaita kuti kuve kwakaoma kubvumikisa zvokwadi kana kuti nhema dzamashoko akaitwa makore akawanda kana kuti makumi amakore pamberi pezvi. Zvapupu zvingave zvakafa, magwaro angarasika, uye mashoko akapoteredza etsinhiro yacho angava asina kujeka.

Zvinyorwa Zvoruzhinji Netsika Chaiyoiyo

MuUnited States, kutaura kwavanhu vose kunobatanidza kutaura kwenhau pamusoro pemienzaniso yavose kunodzorwa nedanda rakakwirira rakaiswa mu [FLT Times Co. Sullivan [1964]. Pasi pouyu mupimo, munhu avose anofanira kubvumikisa kuti mukurukuri akaita ne shanje yamaune [, kureva kuti kutaura kwacho kwakaitwa nezivo yenhema dzakwo kana kuti kuzvidza kwokusangwarira nokuda kwezvi kana kuti kwaicho. Ichi chinodikanwa chapamhiko chenhema pamusoro pavakuru vakuru vehurumende, chakagovera mukurukuri wacho kuti asaite nenhema yamaune kana kuti kusaitira hanya.

Nokuda kwehurukuro dzenhau, iyi mupimo unopa mhinganidzo inotyisa nokuda kwavatauri. Kuzvidza kusingadzorwi, somuenzaniso, kunoda ufakazi hwokuti mukurukuri akava nepanikiro dzakakomba pamusoro pezvokwadi yemashoko. Kubvumikisa chimiro chendangariro chakadaro makumi amakore pashure pokunge kutaura kwapiwa hakubviri kutoti paine nyorerana kana kuti chipupuriro chenguva imwe cheteyo chinozivisa kuziva kwenhema. Naizvozvo, kutaura kwakaipa kukurusa mukurwisana nokutaura kwenhau kunokundikana, zvikurukuru apo kutaura kunotaura nhau dzeitiro yavose kunokurukura nhau dzavose.

Vengai Mitemo Yokutaura Nenhau Dzakapoteredza

Mitemo yemashoko eruvengo inomirira imwe yenzvimbo dzinokwikwidzana zvikurusa dzemitemo yokutaura. Mitemo iyi inorambidza kutaura kunosimudzira ruvengo, rusaruro, kana kuti masimba masimba pavanhu kana kuti mapoka akavakirwa pamavara akadai sedzinza, rudzidziso, vatano, kana kuti kuzivikanwa kwevarume. Kushandiswa kwemitemo yemashoko oruvengo kutaura kukutaura kwenhau kunomutsa mibvunzo yakaoma pamusoro pokuzvimba, nhau dzakapoteredza, uye mipimo inochinja yekushivirira nzanga nokuda kwokutuka.

Nyika dzine dziviriro dzakasimba dzokutaura, dzakadai seUnited States, hadzina chinodzirambidza kutaura kworuvengo.First Amendment inodzivirira kunyange kutaura kunotsamwisa zvikuru uye kunovenga, chero bedzi kusingapindi mumashoko akasarongwa okunyandura, tyisidziro dzechokwadi, kana kuti kunetsa.

Mukupesana, nyika zhinji dzeEurope, kubatanidza Germany, France, uye United Kingdom, dzakagadza mitemo inoita kuti kutaura kworuvengo kuve kwokupedzerwa. mutemo weGermany [Volkschepertung] (kunyandura ruvengo) unokuita kuti uve mhaka kunyandura pachena kuvengi mukurwisana navanhu kana kuti kudana zviito zvechisimba kana kuti zvechisimba mukurwisana navo. Uyu mutemo wakashandiswa nenzira inoshanda mune zvimwe zviitiko, uchibvumira kukwirira nokuda kwehurukuro dzakapiwa makumi amakore pakuvamba. Somuenzaniso, kutaura kweNazi nehurukuro nevakuru vakuru vakuru veSS vave vari nhau yemitemo mumatare eGermany, vachiratidza kuti kutaura kwenhau kunogona kuva nemigumisiro yepamutemo pashure pokupiwa kwavo.

Chinetso Chokurega Kusvuta

Nhau yapamutemo inokosha ndeyokuti kutaura kwenhau kunogona kurangwa mumutemo uyo usina kuvapo panguva yakwakapiwa. Nheyo ye numnulk prive stee system blene [hapana utsotsi husingabvumirwi nomutemo] hunowanzorambidza kupiwa mhaka kwemhosva. Zvisinei, mitemo yakawanda inovenga kutaura isati yavapo inoputsa kodzero dzayo dzokutonga, kana kuti kutaura kwacho kunotongwa pasi pemitemo yakatenderwa nguva dzose kumufambiro wakafanana. Nemhaka iyo yakabvumirwa panguva yokubereka asi zvino inovengwa kuti ivenge miraudzo yokutaura, vareveri vanopomerwa vangataura kuti kuputsa kodzero dzavo pasi pezvidiso kana kuti nheyo dzemitemo dzepamutemo.

Matare akafunga kuti kutaura kwacho kunofanira kuongororwa pasi pomutemo panguva iyoyo, nepo vamwe vakabvumidza kukwirira mhosva mumitemo yazvino kana kutaura kwacho kuchinzi kunoparira kuvadziko inopfuurira. Dare reEurope rekodzero dzevanhu kazhinji kazhinji rakabvumira kuti nhengo dzitaure mashoko okuonga mumhaka dzakadaro, dzichienzanisa kodzero yokutaura pasi peChikamu 10 cheEuropean Convention on Human Rights mukuda kudzivirira kodzero uye mukurumbira wevamwe.

Basa Rokungwarira Nokuongorora Zviri Mumutemo

Pakunzvera pamutemo wekutaura kwenhau, matare anosanongwarira vavariro yomukurukuri uye mashoko akapoteredza umo mashoko akataurwa. Kufunga kazhinji kazhinji ndicho chinhu chinoparira mukunyandura mhaka: mukurukuri airangarira kuparira masimba masimba here kana kuti kungotaura pfungwa yavose?

Nzvero yapamutemo yazvino uno inobata kutaura sechiito chokubatanidza chine revo isingatsamiriswi chose chose namashoko amene. Kutaura kungabvumirwa mune imwe nhambo uye kusiri kwapamutemo mune imwe. Somuenzaniso, kudana kuti "tora zvombo" mukati mokuramba kune rugare kunganzi idimbu, nepo mashoko mamwe chetewo anotaurwa kuboka ratobatanidzwa munyonganiso angagona kuumba nyanduro. Uku kunzvera kwamashoko kwapakarepo kunokosha nokuda kwerangariro yapamutemo, sezvo migariro yakapoteredza ingasazova ichiri pachena.

Kuti rione nhau idzi, matare anowanzotsamira pauchapupu hwenhau nezvinyorwa zvenguva imwe cheteyo. Mumhaka yemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi pamusoro pekutaura kwema1970 kwakaitwa nomutungamiriri wezvamatongerwe enyika anopomerwa kunyandura masimba masimba, dare rakanzvera mishumo yepepanhau, kunzvera kwoungwaru hwamapurisa, uye kunyorwa kwemashoko kuti rivandudze mhoteredzo pamusangano wacho. Uhwu ufakazi hunogona kuva hunogona kuva husingachinjiki, asi hunogonawo kutsanangurwa uye kufungira kunobvira, richiwedzera imwe nzvimbo yezvakaoma kukurambwa zvapamutemo nokutaura kwenhau kwenhau.

Dziviriro Dzapamutemo Neganhuriro Dzadzo

Dziviriro idzi dzakagadzirirwa kudzivisa tapuro inotyisa yaizoitika kudai kutaura kwose kunomutsa nharo kwaizorangwa. Gadziriro yemitemo inovavarira kudzivirira kunyange kutaura kusingafarirwi kana kuti kunogumbura, vachiziva kuti kutsinhana pfungwa kwakasununguka kunokosha kuhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.

Imwe dziviriro inokosha chinodikanwa chokuti ganhuriro dzokutaura dzive [[FLT: 0] dzakasanogadzirirwa kubatira fariro inogombedzera yehurumende. Mudzidziso yeFirst Amendment, ganhuriro ipi neipi yezvisipo yakavakirwa pakutaura inotarisana nokunzvera kwakakomba, kureva hurumende inofanira kuratidzira kuti ganhuriro iri madikanwa uye kuti hakuna imwe ganhuriro inoganhurira zvikuru. Iyi nheyo yakakwirira inoita kuti kuve kwakaoma kurambidza kana kuti kuranga hurukuro dzenhau kutoti dzichiwira mumugariro unozivikanwa.

Imwe dziviriro ipfungwa ye yakapfuvura , inobvumira mukurukuri kudenha mutemo unorambidza kutaura kwakanyanyodzivirirwa, kunyange kana kutaura kwavo vamene kungava kunodzorwa pasi pomutemo wakamanikana zvikuru. Iyi dzidziso inokurudzira mirau yakarurama inoda mitemo inokuvadza bedzi zvimiro zvakashata zvikurusa zvokutaura.

Asi idzi dziviriro hadzina kuganhurirwa. Kutaura kunoumba utsotsi, kuzvidza, tyisidziro dzechokwadi, kana kuti zvinonyangadza hazvidzivirirwi. Mukuwedzera, hurumende ingadzora nguva, nzvimbo, uye mutoo wokutaura, chero bedzi mirau ichibatanidzwa ndokusiya dzimwe nzira dzakakwana dzokukurukurirana. Kutaura kwenhau kunodzorwa neiyi ganhuriro imwe cheteyo, kureva kuti kunyange kutaura kwakadzivirirwa apo kwakagoverwa kunogona kuganhurirwa gare gare kana kukasimbiswazve mumashoko akapoteredza umo kunokurudzira masimba masimba kana kuti kuputsa mutemo wakati.

Mirangariro Yamarudzi Ose Pamusoro Pekudzoreswa Kwokutaura

Kunzwisisa misiyano iyi kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anoongorora kana kuti anoparadzira kutaura kwenhau, zvikurukuru munguva yezvinobudisa nhau munyika yose umo kutaura kunotaurwa munyika imwe kunogona kusvika vateereri nokukurumidza munyika yose.

MuUnited States, tsika yokutaura yakasununguka inodzivirira kutaura kungaitwa kuti kuve kwokuparwa kwemhosva kune dzimwe nzvimbo, kusanganisira kufamba kweNazi muSkokie, Illinois, uye kupiswa kwomureza weAmerica.

Canada inotsigira. Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms inodzivirira rusununguko rwokutaura, asi Chikamu 1 chinobvumira ganhuriro dzine mufungo dzakadaro dzinogona kururamiswa nenzira inoruramiswa munzanga yakasununguka nedemokrase. Dare Gurusa reCanada rakatsigira mitemo yokutaura yoruvengo muiyi gadziriro, richiita kuti Paramende iganhurire kutaura kunodzivisa ruvengo pamapoka anozivikanwa. R. v. Keegstra (1990)[FL:1], Dare rakatsigira kutenderwa kwomudzidzisi akaita kutaura kunorwisana neSmitic kuvadzidzi vake, rikawana kuti kuvadziko inoparirwa nokutaura kunoruramiswa neganhuriro.

Mutoo weGermany unoumbwa nenhau yawo muhurumende yeNazi. Bumbiro reMitemo reGermany rinoisa chiremera chavanhu painenge iri mukati maro uye rinoramba zvakajeka pfungwa yokuti rusununguko rwokutaura runobatanidza maruramiro okuparadzira ruvengo kana kuti kuramba Kuparadza kukuru. Kutaura kwenhau dzinorumbidza pfungwa dzeNazi kana kuti kuramba mhosva dzayo hadzina pamutemo, uye kutaura kwechirango kunoitwa navanhu nemhesano yetsika kunoongororwa nokuda kwechikarakadzo chipi nechipi chedzokororeso chenhau. Iyi dare rinoratidza kuzvipira kwechibvumirano chomubatanidzwa kutarisana nenhau dzakapfuura panzvimbo pokubvumira kutaura kwaigona kumutsazve pfungwa dzinotungamirira kungwavaira.

European Union yakatorawo nhano dzokutsinhiranisa mitemo yokutaura yoruvengo pakati pemitezo yehurumende kupfurikidza neFrame Work Commit on Combating Discism and Xenophobia, inoda kuti nyika dziri mitezo dziite utsotsi kunyanduro yapachena kumasimba masimba kana kuti ruvengo runonangidzirwa kuboka ravanhu rinorondedzerwa norudzi, ruvara, rudzidziso, dzinza, kana kuti dzinza. Ikoku kunoreva kuti kutaura kwenhau kwakapiwa mune imwe nyika yeEU kungafanira kupiwa muimwe kana kukaparadzirwa paIndaneti.

Zvinetso Zvazvino Uno Nezera Ramadhigirii

Kuwedzera kwatakaita kuwanikwa kwemashoko epamutemo kunomutsa mibvunzo mitsva yezvemitemo pamusoro pemhosva, kuparadzirwa kwehurumende, uye kukuvadzwa kunoramba kuchikonzerwa nemashoko enhau.

Zvikamu kuti kutaura kwenhau kungazvinangana nazvo pachazvo nerepamutemo kana kutaura kwacho kuchiputsa mitemo inorwisana nokuvenga kutaura kana kuti kunyandura. Muchikamu 230 cheCommunications Decency Act muUnited States, zvikuva zvinowanzova zvisingatapurwi pamhosva yezviri mukati zvinoiswa nepatidzi. Zvisinei, zvinoitika zvemitemo zvemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi muEurope, zvakadai seMaric Service Act, gadza misengwa yezvemari panzvimbo dzezvikuva kuti ibvise zviri mukati, kubatanidza kutaura kworuvengo. Ikoku kunoreva kuti chikuva chinochengeta kutaura kwenhau kunorwisana nemitezo yeEUO inovenga mitemo yekutaura chingagona kudzorerwa zvakanaka kana kuti kumanikidzwa kuideredza.

Kuziviswa kwehurukuro dzenhau kunobatanidzawo pfungwa ye inoyera kuvadziko [. Kutaura kwakanga kuchikuvadza zvikuru apo kwaipiwa kuvateereri vaduku kunogona kuparira kuvadziko huru zvikuru apo inorangarirwa namamirioni paIndaneti. Matare anoparapatika kusarudza kana vavariro dzapakuvamba dzomukurukuri dzichifanira kurangarirwa nenzira yokuzvimirira. Muzvimwe zviitiko, vazukuru vavanyajambwa vokutanga vangatsvaka mishonga yekuvadziko inopfuurira inoparirwa nokuwanika kwehurukuro.

Kudzidza nezvenhau dzekare kunowanzoda kuti uone mashoko azere, asina kutsarukana, kusanganisira ndima dzingagumbura kana kuti dzingamutsa. Asi mashoko iwayo, kana akataurirwa pasina mashoko akapoteredza, anogona kukuvadza chaizvo. Kukanganiswa kwepamutemo kwedzidzo kuchiri kukonzerwa, nemamwe masangano anobvuma nyevero uye anonyora mashoko akapoteredza kuti aderedze ngozi yokushandisa zvisina kufanira asi achichengetedza kutendeka kwenhoroondo dzekare.

Kurangarira Kunoshanda Nokuda Kwavatauri Nevateereri

Vatauri vanofanira kuziva kuti mashoko avo angarangarirwa makumi amakore gare gare mugadziriro yapamutemo yakasiana. Chinobvumirwa nhasi chingava chisiri pamutemo mangwana, uye kutaura kunoratidzika kuva kusina mufungo munguva yemberi kungagona kuva hwaro hwerondedzero yomunguva yemberi.

  • Tsamba mashoko akapoteredza. Pakupa hurukuro, rangarira kunyora kwete bedzi mashoko asiwo migariro yakapoteredza(ukuru nechimiro chavateereri), zvinoitika zvipi nezvipi zvakapesvedzera shoko, uye tsananguro yomukurukuri amene yedonzo. Manyoro aya anogona kuva anokosha muchinoitika chomunguva yemberi chapamutemo.
  • Dzivisa kutaura kwokusangwarira. Nhare yapamutemo yakakomba zvikurusa pakuvadziko kutenda kwakanaka. Mukurukuri anosanorangarira mashoko avo ndokudzivisa kutaura kwavanoziva kana kuti kunyumwira kuva kwenhema kana kuti kune ngozi sezvingabvira zvikuru kutarisana nemiuyo yapamutemo.
  • Fungisisa vateereri nesvikiro. Kutaura kuboka rakavharwa renyanzvi kune mukurumbira wakasiana wapamutemo kupfuura mumwe anoparadzira kuvateereri vazhinji. Kuparadzirwa kwakafara, bviro huru yekuvadziko uye dare kutsvaga kuti mukurukuri anofanira kuva akafanoziva miuyo.

Nokuda kwavateereri navanzveri, chinokosha kurangarira hurukuro dzenhau nokunzwisisa mativi avo emitemo. Kutaura kune revo munhau kungavawo kune chinetso chapamutemo, uye mashoko akapoteredza umo kunofundwa kana kuti kugovera anogona kutapura kubata kwaro kwapamutemo. Masangano edzidzo anofanira kugovera mashoko akapoteredza zvakajeka nokuda kwezvishandiswa zvakadaro, uye vatori venhau vanofanira kuva vanongwarira pamusoro pokubudisazve ndima dzinorwadza pasina kujekesa mugariro wawo wenhau.

Mugumo: Kukosha Kwamashoko Kunotsungirira Kuregwa Mumutemo

Kutaura kwenhau kunopfuura zvigadzirwa zvekare, zvinotokosha zvikuru, zvinoramba zvichipesvedzera nzanga uye, mune zvimwe zviitiko, kuparira kuvadziko. Simba repamutemo rehurukuro idzi rinotsamira patsinhirano yakaoma yezviri mukati, mashoko akapoteredza, simba, uye mipimo inobvisa njodzi. Nepo rusununguko rwokutaura rwuri maruramiro makuru, harwuna kukwanisika, uye miitiro yemitemo yenyika yakatanga miedzo yakakomba kusarudza apo kutaura kunodarika mutsetse kunyandura, kuzvidza, kana kuti kuvenga.

Nokuda kwavanyori venhau, nyanzvi dzemitemo, uye vagari vemo vakabatana, kunzwisisa uku kutaura kwapamutemo kunokosha. Kunotigonesa kunzwisisa simba rokutaura tisingangwariri pamusoro pengozi dzakwo. Kunotiyeuchidzawo kuti muganhu pakati pokutaura kwakadzivirirwa uye kusazvibata kunoranga hauna kuchinjiswa(icho zvinochinja nezvinoitika zvechizvarwa chimwe nechimwe. Sezvatinoramba tichirwisana nenhau dzehurukuro dzenhau, tinofanira kuita kudaro nokuziva zvakajeka kuti mashoko anogona kukuvadza, kunyandura, uye kuparadza, kunyange sezvaanopa, kudzidzisa, uye kusunungura. Mutemo unogovera gadziriro yokufambisa ichi chinetso, asi mutoro mukuru uri navakurukuri navateereri zvakafanana.

Nokuda kwokuraviwazve kwemipimo yapamutemo inokurukurwa munyaya ino, nzvera zviwanikwa zvinotevera: rugwaro rwakazara rwe Brandenburg v. Ohio chisarudzo pamusoro pekunyandurwa; Dare reEurope rekodzero dzavanhu paChikamu 10[[FLT]] [[FLT]]] nokuda kwemifungo yamarudzi ose; U.S. Department yeRuramisiro yemitemo yemisi yoruvengo [ nokuda kwokunzvera; uye bvumirano yemitemo yezvizvarwa zvemo nezvamatongerwe enyika [FLT]] .[FLT]