Kunzwa Kwepfungwa Dzemamirire Ekunze Kunoitwa Nechechi

Kutongwa kweCongress ndiyo injini huru yokuwana maidi emitemo uye kurukurirano pamusoro pechinjo yemamiriro okunze. Zvinobatira somutoo wetsika uyo bazu rewiro rinounganidza nawo ufakazi, mirairo yemiitiro, uye rinovaka chinyorwa chavose icho chinotsigira muganhu mukuru uri wose wemamiriro okunze. Nepo nyaya yapakuvamba inoronga zvakarurama madonzo makuru(hwunongedzero makuru), itiro hanya dzemitemo, kunzvera mutemo, uye kusimudzira kuziva vanhu vose kunoshanda kweidzi nzeve kuoma zvikuru uye kunopesvedzera.

Mitongo inoshandura mashoko esayenzi akaoma uye nhevedzano yezvemari kuva mutauro wewiscial. Inomanikidza kukwikwidzana fariro . Kuvambira pavatarisiri vezvicherwa zvemafuta kubva kuvagadzirisi vezvicherwa zvepeturo kudzokororo dzinomutsidzira simba rinomutsidzira, kubva kuvatsigiri veruramisiro kusvikira kunyanzvi dzezvemari dzinopanikira dzinopanikira. Uyu muitiro wokudzivirira unokosha nokuda kwokugadzira nguva refu, muitiro wemamiriro okunze unobudirira uyo unogona kudzivisa hwirudzura nokushandiswa kwezvokudzora.

Nhoroondo Yacho: Kubva Pakuvhunduka Kwepakutanga Kuenda Pakuvhunduka Kwemazuva Ano

Kunzwa kwokutanga kwedare rehurumende pamusoro pechinjo yemamiriro okunze kwa1970, apo Dare reNzvimbo reSayenzi neAstronautic rakaitwa marusando anobvira nokuda kwokudziya kwepasi kwemunhu. Kunzwa ikoko kwapakuvamba kwakanga kuri kwakadzidza zvikuru, kunoratidzira masayendisiti akadai saRoger Revelle naCharles David Keeling. Pakuzopera kwama 1980, nomusayendisiti weNASASA James Hansen ufakazi hwakakurumbira hweCaten Energy neNatural Resources Committee muna 1988, kunzwa kwenhau itsva yekurumidziro yavose. Hange ane chivimbo chokuti akanga “99 muzana yeterusaro yenyika yose yakanga yatungamirirwa zvakananga kukuumbwa kweIntergoversel paCer Cleast (IPC) uye kubviswa makumi matatu amakore echiito nechiito chakaitwa.

Nhasi, kutongwa kwemamiriro okunze kuri pakati pezviitiko zvinotariswa zvikurusa uye zvinokakavadzana zvikuru paCapitol Hill. Zvakashanduka kubva pakubatanidza mashoko kuva nzvimbo dzemitambo dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzakakwirira, zvikurukuru apo vadzori vane mamiriro okunze akasiana - siana vanopinda muhofisi. Kunzwisisa kuti kunzwa kunoumba chaizvoizvo sei mutemo wemamiriro okunze kunoda kunzvera chimiro chedare, muitiro wokusarudza uchapupu, uye maminikani emitemo anotevera.

Matare Anokosha Nezera Rawo Rokunzwa

Kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kunobata inodokuva dare riri rose, asi zvikamu zvishomanene zvenzvimbo dzinobatanidzwa zvinoparira kutongwa kukurusa:

  • Komiti yeSayenzi paMbango nePublic Works (EPW) — Inotarisa Cease Air Act, zvirongwa zvemvura, uye mirau yemhoteredzo. Dare iri rine matare anotonga pamusoro pokuita kutonga kweEPA, carbon prigate, uye ngozi yemamiriro okunze.
  • Komiti yeImba paMaziro neMabhizimisi — dare guru rinobvumira purogiramu yesimba, kubatanidza mipimo yepombi inodzorwa, mipimo yemifungo yezvinodzorwa, yemifungo yezvinochetura, uye kuderedzwa kwebutiro remhepo. Chiteshi chayo cheProvision on Environment and Climate Chinjo chine kunzwa kunodokuva kwevhiki nevhiki mukati memiganhu yemitemo.
  • Komiti yeSanongedzero pa Energy and Natural Resources — Idzo dzinonangidzira ngwariro panyika dzehurumende, mafuta anoiswa muvhu, simba renyukireya, uye carbon inotora ruzivo rwemichina. Kunzwa kuno kazhinji kazhinji kunokambira maindasitiri okubvisa masangano anochengetedza.
  • Komiti yeImba yeSayenzi, Space, and Technology — Musha wenhau wenhau wenhau dzesayenzi yemamiriro okunze. Inopfuurira kunzvera kunaka noukuru hwenzvero yemamiriro okunze yehurumende yakaitwa naNOA, NASA, uye DOE.
  • Komiti yeZvoupfumi [[[FLT: 1] — inoisa nzeve pamiuyo mikuru yemiuyo yokuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, kubatanidza kuvadziko kuGDP, kudzongonyedzwa kwebhizimisi, uye ngozi dzemari kubhajeti yehurumende.

Dare rimwe nerimwe rinochengeta rudungwe rwokunzwa runoratidzira karenda yezvamatongerwe enyika. Mumakore apo chikwereti chikuru chemamiriro okunze chiri kunyorwa (81) seIRA Flatiation Reduction Act (IRA) ya2022() yokunzwa kunowedzera. Mukati mhevedzo dzoutariri, kunzwa kunochinja kunzvera kuti mitemo iripo iri kuitwa sei, kazhinji kazhinji ichibonderana nebazu revakuru vakuru.

Chirwere Choupenyu Hwokunzwa: Kubva Pakuzivisa Kusvika Pakushandura

Kunzwisisa tapuro dzenzeve kunoda kunzvera kwakazara pachikuva chimwe nechimwe, icho nyaya yapakuvamba inongobata bedzi pachiri. Muitiro wacho unonakidza zvikuru uye unobatanidza simba rakavigwa:

Chinotangira 1: Kuzivisa Nokutanga Kwekunzwa

Chigaro chedare kana kuti dare rinopa mumwe munhu anoronga musoro wenhau yokunzwa, musi, uye ndaza yezvapupu (jeri rinodzorwa bedzi nomutemo mukuru. Iri simba rokuchengeta magedhi rakakura. Chigaro icho chinoda kufambisira mberi mutemo wemamiriro okunze chicharonga kunzwiwa pamamiriro okunze akanyanyisa, kuvadziko yemari, uye zvirongwa zvehurumende zvinobudirira. Chigaro chinoda kunonotsa chiito chomugariro wokunze chicharonga kunzwa pandyiko dzemari, kudzorwa, uye makwikwikwi amarudzi ose.

Chinotangira 2: Kusarudza Uchapupu Nokugadzirira

Kusarudza Zvapupu ndiwo mubato unokwikwidzana zvikurusa usati wanzwiwa. Vapapatika vanowanzokoka zvapupu zvitatu kusvikira kuzvishanu, nepo boka duku ringawana nzvimbo imwe kana kuti mbiri. Nzvero dzekunze, kupfupikisa kwapashure, uye “mabhodhi okunzwa” akakurumbira. Uchapupu hwakanakisisa hahusi nyanzvi inoziva zvikuru asi mukurukuri anobudirira zvikurusa anogona kupa mashoko okuzarura maviri anosvika muchikamu chenhau chamakumi matatu esekondi. Mienzaniso inobatanidza:

  • : Chaichimbova mutungamiriri weSangano rePurezidhendi Al Gore chipupuriro pamusoro pokudziya kwepasi pamberi peDare reImba reEnergy nerezvokutengeserana, iro rakapesvedzera zvakananga kunyorwa kweAmerican Clean Energy and Security Act.
  • 2015: Bhuku raPope Francis ramabhishopi "Laudato Si’" rakadudzwa mukunzwa kwakawanda, kuchiparira uremu hwetsika kuchiito chomugariro wokunze.
  • [201: Munyori weEnergy Jennifer Granholm naEPA Mutungamiriri Michael Regan akapupurira pamwe chete pamusoro pezvokutanga mitemo zvinotungamirira kuIRA.

Chivako 3: Chipupuriro neQ&A

Kuzarura mashoko kubva kuzvapupu (zvikurukuru maminiti mashanu) nemitezo (maminiti) zvinoteverwa nebvunzo. Murau wemibvunzo mishanu, unomanikidzirwa newadhi, anomanikidzira kupfuudza mwoto nokukurumidza. Ndiko uko kurukurirano yenharo inoitika. Mitezo inowanzoshandisa nguva yayo kutanga chinyorwa nokuda kweridziro yomunguva yemberi, kumanikidzira masangano kupinda muchiito chokudzoserazve, kana kuti kumanikidza chapupu kupinda mubvumo unokuvadza rutivi runopesana.

Matare emitemo anodudza mashoko anotaurwa pachishandiswa mutauro usina kujeka, achitonga zviri pamutemo kupfuura zvaanoita zvamatongerwe enyika.

Kuchinja Kunoita Nzeve Kudzikamisa Mwero

Nyaya yokutanga inoronga pesvedzero dzavose − kuvaka, kusimbisa nhau dzokukurumidzira, kuzivisa muitiro wehurumende.

Kuratidzirwa Kwomutemo Ne Amendedzero

Pashure penhevedzano yokunzwa, chigaro chedare chinowanzobudisa kurukurirano yebhukwana. Rusando rwekubhadharwa . "a chiitiko chakaparadzana" asi runoziviswa nemitezo inodzorwa nenzwi kugovera . Chipupuriro chokunzwa chinoparira kugadziriswa. Somuenzaniso, mukati mekunzwa kwe 2021 kwemagetsi, ufakazi hwokubatanidzwa kwemibatanidzwa yavashandi hwakatungamirira kukubatanidzwa kwezvinodikanwa zvemari inobhadharwa uye mapurogiramu okudzidzira zvikwereti zvesimba zvakachena. Chipupuriro chakabva kumapoka avarimi chakatungamirira kukudzorerwa kwemitero yemagetsi kugadziriro dzemari yapangi.

Kuyananisa

Gadziriro huru dzemamiriro okunze muInflateation Reduction Act dzakafamba kupfurikidza neYananisiro nemhaka yokuti kunzwa kwakazivisa kuti muganhu wetsika usina mavhoti makumi matanhatu aidikanwa kukurira Dare reIRA / dzinotangira zana muIRAth Congress / hwunonzvera nenzira yokungwarira kuti imitemoi yemamiriro okunze ingagona kukodzera mukati menhungamiro dzegadziriro yemari yetsinhirano. Congregational Bhancil Office (CBO) inoshandisa chipupuriro chokunzwa kukwira ndyiko dzechikwereti zvemitero zvinokarakadzwa, mari inodzorwa, uye mari inobhadharwa.

Kutarisira Kunzwa Sezvikamu Zvinofambisa Mitemo Zvinodzora

Hausati uri mutemo wose wemamiriro okunze unovamba mudare rinobvumira. Mimwe mitero inobuda mumitongo inofumura kukundikana mumutemo uripo. Somuenzaniso, kunzwa 2019 pamusoro pePFAS inoshatiswa nePFAS (pane apo kusati kuri chipupuriro chaibatanidzwa bedzi pamusoro pomugariro wokunze(ichinopa uchapupu pamusoro pokuti mafashamo enzvimbo inopisa anoparadzira sei tsvina yenzvimbo dzamabasa okugadzirwa kwezvinhu. Ikoku kwakatungamirira kukumira kwemitemo yemitemo pamusoro pokuziviswa kwamakemikoro, iyo gare gare gare yakabatanidzwa nemamiriro okunze enzvimbo yepasi nenzvimbo.

Mienzaniso Yekunzwa Kune Makumbo Akakwirira (Kwakafara)

Nyaya yokutanga inodudza matare matatu asi haipi udzame.Hezvino zviitiko zvinokosha zvinoverengeka nemigumisiro yawo yemitemo:

  • [8] Chipupuriro cheDare raVatatu [[FLT: 1] — Pamberi peDare reDare reNhengo reEnergy neNatural Resources, Hansen akataura zvakakurumbira kuti “tapuro yegreenhouse yakaonekwa uye iri kuchinja mamiriro edu ezvinhu zvino.] Iyi kurukurirano yakatungamirira zvakananga kukupfuudzwa kweGlobal Change Research Act ya 1990, iyo yakaparira Global Change Program yeChinzvero cheU.S.
  • 2009 House Energy and Commerce Teagers on the American Clean Energy and Security Act — Nhevedzano yenhambo yenhambo yenhambo yenhambo yenhare yokunzwa inopfuura mavhiki matatu anoratidzira zvapupu zvakawanda. Mutengo wakavapo pashure (Waxman-Markey) wakapfuudza Imba asi wakafira muDare. Zvisinei, mifungo yayo mizhinji yarongedzero yemagetsi inomutsidzira, carbon edefitivei inoiswa mupurogiramu dzegore rapashure rehurumende uye Purogiramuro yeMasimba.
  • 19 House Chonga Dare paShungu reClimate Wiestings — dare rebipartisan (Zvikurukuru reDemocratic-matomatime) rakaita kuti vanhu vanzwe, vachinangidzira ngwariro panzanga dzemberi, zvigadzikiso zvepwere, uye mamiriro okunze. Mushumo wavo wokupedzisira, “Kubvisa mamiriro okunze,” kuzivisa zvakananga gadziriro dzemamiriro okunze munyika yose.
  • Ufakazi hunoparirwa neDare EPW paPunity Ecreatity E Program yeGenetive — Uku kunzwa kwakabatanidza kurongwa kwesimba rakachena iro raioneka pakuvamba muKing Back Better Act. Uchapupu hwevimbiko nyoro, chiremera chehurumende, uye nzvimbo yemarasha yakaumba kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira kwokupedzisira kwakatsiva CEP nezvikwereti zvesimba rakachena.

Simba Resimba Rekunzwa

Kunzwa kwemamiriro okunze kunoramba kuchingonzwika, zvichiratidza kuti mamiriro okunze ari kutowedzera kuoma.

  • Zvigaro zvehurumende inosarudzwa nehurumende zvinokoka zvapupu zvine unyanzvi zvinosimbisa kuti chiito chinofanira kuitwa nokukurumidza uye chisingabviri, kazhinji kacho kusanganisira masayendisiti emamiriro okunze, vakuru vakuru vemagetsi vakachena, uye vamiririri venzanga dzisina kumira zvakanaka.
  • Zvapupu zvishoma zvomuRepublica kazhinji kazhinji zvinobatanidza nyanzvi dzezvemari dzinopanikira ndyiko yacho, vamiriri vamaindasitiri emafuta anocherwa mumvura, kana kuti nyanzvi dzemitemo dzinopanikira chiremera chehurumende.

Zvisinei, pane kusiyana kukuru. Kunzwa kweBharpitan kwakadai sekunochengetwa neDare reDare reNhenha reEnergy nereNatural Resources paStates patting - network (Zvekare kuti zvibudise uchapupu husingapokanidzwi nekabhoni) uye kunogona kusimudzira bvumirano pamitemo mitete, yoruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu. Energy ya2020, iyo yakabvumira mabhiriyoni nokuda kwokubatwa kwecarbon nesimba renyukireya, yakaiswa munhevedzano yenzeve dzebipartis.

Kubatana Kwekunze Kwenyika Nezvakazowanikwazve

Nokuda kwavaravi vachitsvaka mamwe mashoko pamusoro pokuti kunzwa kwedare kunodzora sei mutemo wemamiriro okunze, aya manyuko ane simba anogovera kudzika kwakadzama zvikuru:

Migumisiro Yacho: Kupfuura Kamuri Rokunzwa

Kunzwa hakugumi panowa mupemhi. Pesvedzero yavo inotambanukira muzvinobudisa nhau, bazu guru, uye matare. Kunzwa kunosanozivikanwa kunogona kuchinja murangariro wavose, izvo zvinochinjawo nhamba yendyiko yezvamatongerwe enyika yemitezo. 2016 House temhesting paParective yeParis, somuenzaniso, chishoro chakasimba cheRepublican, chakatungamirira kukurega kwemutemo muna 2017. Nhasi, 2019 kunzwa kwengozi dzemamiriro okunze dzinoziviswa neHouse Financial Financial Committee Offices Com inokurudzira kuti SEC itange kutonga pazatimendero dzemamiriro okunze echineidhi.

Munhandare yedare, EPA neDOE zvinovimba nouchapupu hwokunzwa kuti zviruramise kudzorwa kwemitemo yavo. Apo mutemo unodenhwa mudare, vatongi vanonzvera chinyorwa chokuisa mitemo (chinowanzobatanidza kupupurirwa kwedare rokuteerera) kuti vaone kana sangano racho rakaita nenzira ine mufungo.

Zviito Zvomunguva Yemberi: Kunzwa Kwechokwadi Nokuwana Kwakawedzerwa

COVOID-19 chipupuriro chakaitwa kuti chive nyore zvikuru kunyanzvi dziri kunze kweWashington, icho chakaita kuti zvive nyore zvikuru kunyanzvi dzehurumende, vatungamiriri vemadzinza, uye mainjiniya omunzvimbomo(*kutora rutivi pasina ndyiko dzerwendo. Dare rechi 118th rakaona kuwedzera kwakajeka munzeve pamusoro pomugariro wokunze wakadai sekuongorora methane uye kukurumidza kukurumidza kukurumidza kukurumidza kukurumidza. Uku kukura kwemanzwi kwakaita kuti kunzwa kuve kwakarevedzera zvikuru, kunyange zvazvo kunetseka pamusoro pekusaenzana kwemisiyano yeboka remibatanidzwa yemibatanidzwa yemibatanidzwa yemibatanidzwa yemibatanidzwa yemiitiro yemibato nedare ramatoo.

Mugumisiro: Mutongo Upenyu

Kunzwa kweCongress pamusoro pechinjo yemamiriro okunze kunopfuura zvikuru miitiro yokungotaura. Izvo inzvimbo umo zviwanwa zvesayenzi zvinoedzwa mukurwisana neidi dzemari, umo purofiti dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinofumurwa ndokuoma, uye umo hwaro hwapamutemo hwechiito chomugariro wokunze hwehurumende hunoiswa. Muitiro wacho hauna kukwana (kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji, kazhinji kazhinji, runopa, rusando rweimwe nguva dzose (asinopa mubatanidzwa mumwe chetewo wokuona zvakanaka, kuedzwa kwematombo, uye kuva pamutemo kwehurumende. Munhu upi noupi anoedza kunzwisisa chikonzero nei U.S. muitiro wemamiriro okunze anokuita chimiro chacho (h_hafuti inoparira chikwereti chikuru cheInty Reduction Act kana kuti kumhanya kwechiteshiviso checarbon reza yemitemo inodzo yavasati vambodzidza. Ivo havasati vangozivisa izvo zvinonzi, asi vanodisa kurwisana nokuda kwechibvumirano chezvamatongerwe enyika.