Kutanga: Basa Riri Kuwedzera Renzvimbo Dzamataundi Dzinochengeterwa Mamiriro Okunze

Nharaunda dzeUrban nharaunda dzakasvibira(maruva emumataundi) dzinobatsira kutora mvura inopisa, kuvandudza mhepo, kugovera nzvimbo dzemhuka, miti yomumugwagwa, uye nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa zvinhu. Dzisati dziri nzvimbo dzinongoshandiswa nemhiko dzinobetsera kugadziridza mamiriro okunze neutano hwevanhu. Mumaguta eUK, nzvimbo dzakasvibira dzinobetsera kutora mvura yemafungu, dzinoderedza miuyo yeguta inopisa, dzinovandudza kunaka kwemhepo, uye dzinogoverawo utiziro nokuda kwemhuka dzemhuka. Dzinopawo vagari vemo vemo kuti varovedze, vafambi venzanga, uye vafambise nechisiko, uye kuti vafambise mamiriro okunze emo anobva mumaguta anobva mumaguta makuru, uye kuti zviome.

Kuzvipira kweUK kukubudisa tsvina inotsvedza na2050, pamwe chete nezviziviso zvemamiriro okunze ekurumidziro omunzvimbomo, zvakaisa zvivako zvakasvibira pakati pekuronga kweguta. Majester, nesimba ravo rokuronga nokudzora kurongwa kwegadziriro, zvokufambisa, uye bhajeti remhoteredzo, zvakaiswa munzvimbo dzakatindiro kuti zviitwe mumugariro wokunze. Asi kukura kwenzvimbo dzegirini hakuna kusawirirana. Kudhura miganhu, kukwikwidza mibato, uye ngozi yokushandisa kwegirini kunoda kungwarira. Uku kunzvera kunokwevera pazvinyorwa zvemitemo, kunzvera kwakazvimirira, uye kufunda kuti kugovera mufananidzo wakakwana wemiteve yemitengo yemo yemo yemo yemo yeguta paUK maguta.

Kupfupikisa kweMayoral Climate Policies muMaguta eUK

Kutanga kwameya vakasarudzwa zvakananga mumaguta eEngland anoverengeka kwakachinja mamiriro okunze akabatana zvikuru, kudzorwa kwenzvimbo dzakatarisana nemamiriro okunze. Mayar kuLondon, Greater Manchester, West Midlands, Liverpool City Regiment, Bristol, uye vamwe vakazivisa migariro yemigariro yemhoteredzo, uye vakaisa njodzi dzecarbon dzinopfuura vavariro dzenyika. Rongedzero dzavo dzemamiriro okunze dzinobatanidza zviteshi zvokuwedzera miti yomuguta, kuvandudza nzvimbo dzomusikirwo, kuvandudza zvivako zvegirini, uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti vagari vose vane nzvimbo yakaisvonaka yakaisvonaka mukati memisha yavo mipfupi.

Varidzi Vemitemo uye Vanotsigira Mari

Majeya anopesvedzera nzvimbo dzegirini kupfurikidza nemikoto mizhinji yemiitiro: gadziriro dzokuronga, kugadzirwa kwezvifambiso, kugadziriswa kwedzimba, gadziriro dzemhoteredzo, uye mari inoiswa mhete yakadai seLondon Green Fund kana kuti Greater Environment Fund. Dzimwe meya dzakaita mamishoni ebhurasidhibhuri akatsaurirwa kana kuti mabasa. Mari inobva mumigove yehurumende yepakati, mwero yebhizimisi yokudzosa, mari yezvokufambisa yadzidzwa, uye dzimwe nguva kubva mumibatanidzwa yemabato. UK Parvection Provicessions Fund neSvering Up Fund zvakashandiswawo kubhadharira maroko amabasa evhutimendimu matema mumaguta.

Nguva Yenjodzi Yomugariro Wokunze

Pakasvika June 2020, zviremera zvomunzvimbomo zvinopfuura 300 UK zvakanga zvazivisa mamiriro okunze engozi. Mumaguta, meya akagadza nzira yokuchinja kwokukurumidza kwemitemo. Somuenzaniso, meya weManchester akazivisa mamiriro okunze engozi yemamiriro okunze muna July 2019, achiteverwa nechibvumirano chokuita kuti nharaunda yeguta regaunion carbon isave nechekare pakasvika 2038. Meya weLondon akagadza chipfuro cheLondon kuti ive nenezero panosvika 2030. Izvi zviziviso zvakawedzera kubatanidzwa kwemipimo yevhu rakasvibira nebhuruu nebhuruunzi kupinda mumarungwe eguta, kazhinji kacho nevashandi vakazvitsaurira uye mari.

London: Laboratory of Green Urbanist

Meya weLondon, Sadiq Khan, akaisa ruramisiro yemhoteredzo nenzvimbo yakasvibira pakati peshoko rake rechipiri. London Plan (201) yakatanga Uban Greenting Factor[ [inoshandiswa kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva kuti pave nezvirongwa zvegirini zviduku zvakavakirwa panzvimbo yedenga regirini, midyu, miti, uye mativi anobva padenga. Uyu muitiro wakafambisa wewedzero nokukurumidza mudenga rakasvibira kugura dzimbahwe, nainopfuura 50 000 screal mitarole yakaiswa muna 20222.

Greener City Fund Nemitero yePark

Yatangwa muna 2018, Greener City Fund yakapa purojekiti dzinopfuura $6 mamirioni kusvikira ku 200 dzenzanga, kubva paki dzehomwe munzvimbo dzakakwirira kusvikira kukushandukira mipando yenjanji. Mari inotangira nzvimbo dzine chifukidzo cheminda yemiti yakaderera uye kusawana nzvimbo dzinosvibira, kazhinji kazhinji munze kweLondon broughts. Zvikapedziso zvemeya [FLD:0] Parks nokuda kwe Good purogiramu inotsigira zviremera zvomunharaunda mukuvandudza nzvimbo dzepaka, kuzarura nharaunda dzegirini dzemashawi dzezviwiro zvenzanga, uye kuvandudza mhoteredzo yemhuka. Kutapura kwave kwakawanda kwakawedzera : chifukiro chemuti weLondon kubva pa2017,7%, muna 2020%

Maruva Ane Ruvara Rwegirini uye Kufamba Nebasa

London Streetspace nokuda kwepurogiramu yeLondon inobatanidza mugwagwa unogadzirirwa nzvimbo yepanobhururukira napanzvimbo dzechokuchovha mukati medenda, uye zvirongwa zvakawanda zvechinguvana zvakava mikoto yegirini yechigarire. yeGenetial London [[ purani inobatanidza mikoto yegirini inobatanidza nzvimbo dzepaka nenzvimbo dzemo, kubvumira mhuka kufamba nomuguta uye kugovera nzira dzakadzikiswa, migwagwa yakaderera yebasa nokuda kwokufamba. Kukura kwe [[FLT] Gawn Chalk uye [FLT:] [FLD]] , kubvumira kuti mhuka dzifambe nokuna, makumbo kupfumbira kupfumbira.

Matambudziko muLondon

Pasinei zvapo nefambiro mberi inopfuurira, kusaenzana kunoramba kuripo. Matura akapfuma zvikurusa ane nzvimbo yakasvibira nekane chiverengero pamunhu kupfuura varombo zvikuru. Kwakaita mapaki matsva anowedzera mipimo yezvinhu uye kubvisa nzvimbo dzakaderera vagari vamo. Yave ichinyorwa munharaunda dzakadai seHackney neElephant neCastle. Hofisi yemeya yapindura ne Greentic Space Commission[[[FLL:1]] kugadzira zvirongwa zvokudzivisa kurasika zvinhu, zvakadai sezvinodikanwa zvedzimba zvinobhadhaka zvakakosha pedyo nenzvimbo huru dzenzanga zvinochengeterwa nzvimbo dzegirini.

Manchester Mukuru: Kubva kuBrownfield Kuenda kuGreen Resilience

Meya weManchester Mukuru, Andy Burnham, akaronda [[FLT: 0] kukura kwakachena” zvirongwa zvokuti mamiriro okunze atsigire kuvandudzwa kwezvemari. Mukuru Greater Manchester Environment Fund[[[FLT:]], yakatanga muna 2020, mutengo wemari inoiswa panzvimbo yavose yezvizvarwa zvemo neyavo kuti igadzirise guta rere. Chirongwa cheFLT Chipatarati yemiti , icho chinoronga kusima miti mitatu , mamirioni avagari vose. Sevanhu 2022,202, 1.8 miriyoni dzakadyarwa munyika inoruvara, uye yaichimbova nzvimbo dzemaindasitirimu maSalford.

Mafashamo Akazadzwa Nokutarisira Kunopisa

Mitemo yenzvimbo dzenzvimbo dzeManchester inobatanidza zvakajeka nzvimbo dzakasvibira nokunaya. Chirongwa chekunaya mvura inotsvedza. [[FLT:] Chirongwa cheMaritacal commong , chakabatanidzwa neEUFF, chakadzorera mikoto yerwizi muIrwell, Medlock, uye Tame hove, kugadzira nzvimbo dzinogadzirwa namafashamo dzinoita mapaki anogona kutora mvura yakawanda. [FLT:] Chikamu chaMarameaichi anochinja kuti zvinhu zvose zvitsva zvibatate zvinhu zvinochengetedza kutakura kubuda (S), izvo kazhinji kazhinji zvinotora chimiro cheminda yemvura, maruva, uye maruva anofamba narororo aiwo. [FLT] [FF][FFFF][FFF]

Nzvimbo Dziri Kukura Dzomunharaunda Noutano

Manchester’s Grow Oldham uye Nhanho dzokutsigira nzanga panzvimbo yakagarwa nedare. Utano hwameya uye unyanzvi hunoziva kuti kusvika kumigove neminda yenzanga kunovandudza zvokudya, mumuviri, uye munzanga. Dzinopfuura 100 nzvimbo itsva dzinokura dzakatangwa chifo cha 2019, munharaunda dzakawanda dzine urombo zvikuru. Kunzvera 20222 kwakawana kuti vatori rutivi vakashuma wedzero ye 20% mukurovedza muviri vhiki nevhiki uye wewedzero ye 15% mumichero nemiriwo.

Kutsigira uye Kutungamirira Zvinetso

Kukura kwenzvimbo yeManchester yegirini kunotsamira pamuvhenganiswa wemari inobviswa, mari inotsigirwa nehurumende yeNational Lottery, uye bhizimisi. Zvisinei, bhajeti yemari yakaderedza kuchengetwa kwenzvimbo yepaka yapakati chifo cha 2010 yakaderedza kupedzwa neavhareji ye 30% muruwa rweguta. Mapaki akawanda zvino anotsamira pa “shamwari dze” dzinozvipira kuwedzerwa mabasa edare. Hofisi yemeya iri kuongorora Parks neGreen Spaces Services[[FLT], muenzaniso wakafanana noudzo rwekufambisa nokuda kweManchesterce, kuchengetera mari yemari.

Birmingham, Bristol, uye Glasgow: Chiito cheGuta rakakombwa

Nepo London neManchester dzichiwana ngwariro hurusa, mamwe maguta eUK akatanga mitemo yemuchadenga yakatanhamara muutungamiriri hwameya.

Birmingham: Kutangazve Kurira Kwegirini

Midlands Drived Authority yeBirmingham, yakatungamirirwa naMayor Ander Street, yakatanga #M201 purani yemamiriro okunze, inoisa chitarisiro chenethiro nokuda kwenharaunda pa2041. Rongedzero inobatanidza [[FLD:] Nyungwe yeNyungwe yeNyungwe [[F]][FLT] [F]] YOKUDZORANGA] kudzorera nokuvandudza nzvimbo dzenhau dzakadai seCanon Hill Park neSutton Park. Meya yakatsigira [[FLT:] Bribhiriji yeG] yeBhurouta [[FLD:5], chirongwa chemite-mo yemiti pamusoro pezvisiko.[5]

Bristol: Vanhu-Lad Green Space Publication

Maneya akasarudzwa weBristol, Marvin Rees, akagamuchira Guta rimwe” kusvika kumamiriro okunze nemamiriro ezvinhu akapoteredza. Bristol Urban Muti naWoodland Strategy[[[FLland]] [2023]) rinovavarira kuwedzera shongwe yemiti inofukidza kubva pa 14% kusvikira ku 20% kusvika ku 2050, nechemberedzo panzvimbo dzomumusha dzinoshayikwa miti. Hofisi yemo yemochaire yakaita gungano panzvimbo yenzvimbo itsva yehomwe muSouthme neHartcliffe. Bristolism [FFFracture]

Glasgow: Post-COP26 Green Legacy

Nepo Glasgow risati riri guta reMadokero reMamishinari reGlasgow (ine mutungamiriri wedare), miitiro yemamiriro okunze yeguta pashure peCOP26 yakaratidzira donzo renzvimbo yemeyari. Glasgow Climatementment Activement Stractive[[[[FLT:]]] chirongwa chemarongedzero chokuita “chisosaitiso chenyungunda” kuumba “chino cheClyde, Kelvin, naClyde Cane. [[FLT] [FLT:]] Glasgokew'skeyrou yeGreak [[[FLT:] chirongwa, icho chinoisa matenga matenga matenga matema uye masvingo ezvivarakaro, uye mapepa avose, zvinoiswa pachena, zvinodzorwa kumabvazuva kweguta, zvichinziromavira kumabvazuva, zvinonzi. [Fokn]

Migumisiro Yekuderera Kwemamiriro Okunze Pakukura Kwenzvimbo Dzakakura: Kugadzikana Kwakadzikama

Zvisinei, migumisiro yacho haina kubatana, uye kubudirira kwemitemo kunosiyana neguta, kudzora, uye kuwanika kwemanyuko.

Magumisiro Akanaka

  • Kudzikamiswa kwetapuro yekupisa kwezvitsuwa zvomuguta: Studies muLondon dzinoratidza kuti nharaunda dzine girafu yemifukidziro yemiti ine girafufu yemiti i 3=5°C inotonhora kupfuura idzo dzine chifukidzo padzinopisa. Programu dzemarome-plan yemiti dzakabatanidzwa zvakananga neiyi mitezo.
  • Mhepo nemvura zvakanakisa: zvivako zveGreenland munharaunda dzeSalford neSt Philips yeBristol zvakadzivisa 30% yezvinhu zvinofambiswa nendege ndokuderedza kumhanya ne 40% muzvirongwa zvendege.
  • Mhuka dzezvipenyu nemheno dzeLondon dzakawedzera kuwanda kweshiri nezvipembenene. Wildlife Trusts dzinoshuma kuti 25% yakakwira nokuwanda kwemuberekero munzvimbo dzinotsigirwa nemari yemoreya.
  • [[FLT: 0] Utano hwakasanosanoedzwa uye kuva noutano hwakanaka: A fundo 2023 mu Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health[ yakawana kuti vagari vanogara mukati mamamita 300 epaka ichangobva kugadzirwa muBirmingham vakashuma kuderera 12% mufunganyo nokuora mwoyo kana kuchienzaniswa namapoka anodzora.
  • Betsero dzemari:[ Nzvimbo dzeGreenland dzinowedzera mipimo yepfuma ne 15% mudzimwe nharaunda, dzichiparira mari yokuwedzera yemitero yedare. Kushanyira nokushandisa nhandara zvine chokuita namapaki zvinogovera mamirioni anofungidzirwa $300 gore negore kuupfumi hweLondon.

Zvinetso Nokutsoropodza

  • Mitemo inodzorwa: Pasinei zvapo nezvirongwa zvokutanga zvemoya, bhajeti yepaki yemapaki mumaguta akawanda eUK yaderera ne20-40% kubvira muna 2009. Zvirongwa zvitsva zvakawanda zvinotsamira pamipiro yemari yemari, nemari shoma kuti irambe ichigadziriswa. Izvi zvinotungamirira ku “chisiko chevhu chisina tarisiro." – mapaki matsva anoderera mumakore mashoma.
  • Greenced nerokubvisa zvinhu: Sezvacherechedzwa muLondon neManchester, misha mitsva inosvibira inowanzosunda rendi nemitengo yezvinhu, inobetsera nenzira isingaenzaniswi mhuri dzakapfuma. Greentic Space Commission [ muLondon ne [FLT:] Community Right to Toour[[[FFL:5]] muManchesteria magadziro adzo adzo adzorwawo, asi kubviswa inoramba iri pamutemo.
  • Kukamurwa kwemiitiro yemamoreya iripo pamberi penzvimbo dzinoshongedzwa kana kuti varaidzo pamusoro pokudzorerwa kwenzvimbo dzinogara vanhu. Kuongororwa kwedenga reLondon rakasvibira kwakawana kuti 2024 muzana bedzi yakashandisa mivhenganiswa yemiti yemo, inoganhura ukoshi hwayo hwemarudzi akasiyana- siyana.
  • nzvimbo inokandwa inoshandiswa: nzvimbo dzedzimba negadziriro dzezvifambiso zvinowanzopesana nokukura kwenzvimbo yakasvibira. MuBristol, paki itsva yakarongwa nokuda kweEastville yakaderedzwa muukuru nemhaka yedzvinyiriro dzokukura kwedzimba.
  • Mikaha neshoo: Maguta mashomanene ane mepu dzakadzama, dzinosvika kuzuva dzekusvika kwenzvimbo nedzinokosha. Ikoku kunoita kuti fambiro mberi ive yakaoma. Green Space Index [ kubva kuMaminda muTrust inogovera mabhenjiri, asi kwete nzvimbo dzose dzemeya dzinotora rutivi rwakaenzana.

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi: Kuchinja Nokudzika Kwadzo

Kuti awedzere kubatsira kwemitemo yemamiriro okunze emota panzvimbo dzakasvibirira dzomumaguta, kuchinja - chinja kunoverengeka kunodiwa.

Kutsigira Kuchinja Zvinhu

Mari inowanwa kwenguva refu nokuda kwokugadziridzwa kwenzvimbo yakasvibira inofanira kuchengetwa. Nhevedzo dzinobatanidza mapaka akatsaurirwa evy (kunatsiridza kwemaruwa ebhizimisi), kuva pamwe chete kwezvivako zvegirini mumitero yedare, kana kuti Green Space Endowment Fund yenyika yose. Chisakiso chePakis mushumo, unobudiswa neAll Parameterralicary Group on Parks and Green Spaces, unorumbidza kuisa nhepfeke 2% youkoshipi yekubudirira yose itsva nokuda kwokugadzira nzvimbo nezvinochengeterwa.

Kudzivirira Kudzivirira Kugara

Mayagnator anofanira kuraira kuti chirongwa chipi nechipi chemuchadenga chinobhadharwa pachena chibata chipikirwa cheMibereko yeKokoronamupiyuta kuva nechokwadi chedzimba dzinobhadharwa nokurovha kwomunzvimbomo. Green Space manejaptage sharer [ shoolwa muWalolwich yeLondon yaratidza chipikirwa: vagari vemo vanoshanda paki uye vane kodzero yokuramba kutanga kuramba dzimba dzinobvira muzvinoitika zvakapoteredza London.

Zvigadzikiso Zvechisiko

Chirevo chinofanira kuchinja kubva pakunatsa kuibva kwemiti ndokushandisa zvigadzikiso zvinowedzera zvisikwa zvakasiyana - siyana uye kugadziridza mamiriro okunze. Izvi zvinoreva kushandisa marudzi emo, kuumba miganhu yewetland, uye kubvumira kugadziridzwa kwezvinhu zvipenyu panobvira. Urban Nature Plan[[FL:1] chirongwa, chinotsigirwa neRSPB and Local Nature Prevenetshipship, chinogovera nzira iyo vanameya vanoverengeka vari kuongorora.

Maturusi Emagetsi Nesayenzi Yevagari Vomunyika

Misimboti iri nani inokosha. Kutanga kweGreen Space Acces Mapping[[FLT], kunotungamirira neUniversity of Manchester, kunoshandisa mishumo yesatellite nevagari vemo kuziva nzvimbo dzokupinda. Vacheri vanofanira kuisa mari muzvikuva zviri panzvimbo dzinovhurika izvo zvinorega vagari vapapo vachishuma migariro yepaki uye vachikarakadza chinjo, kuvandudza kuzvidavirira.

mhedziso

Mitemo yemamiriro okunze eMayoral iri kudzoserazve nzvimbo dzegirini mumaguta eUK munzira huru. Kubva kuUrban Greening Factor yeLondon kuGuta yeManchester of Trees neBristol yemotal, kuchinja kunzvimbo dzinoiswa mamiriro okunze akavhengana negadziriro dzemhoteredzo dzegirini zviri kupa mibayiro inopfuudza vagari vemo, mhuka, uye mamiriro okunze okunze. Zvisinei, izvi zvabudirira hazvina kusimba. Kushandisa mitanhambuko, dzvinyiriro dzekusimbisa, uye kukanganisa mhoteredzo yemhoteredzo yezvinhu zvipenyu nemhoteredzo yazvo kuchatyisidzira kukanganisa fambiro mberi. Makore gumi anotevera achaedza kana meyari wemiti ichigona kufamba kupfuura miti inovakwa nemisoro, inotsigirwa, uye mhoteredzo yemaruvakwakachakanaka. Kuwana izvi kuchada kupfuurira kugadziridzwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika, kubatanidzwa munzanga yenzanga yenzanga yenzanga yenzanga.