Kuwanda Kwomutemo Wemapurisa Ehurumende

MuUnited States, kuzvidavirira kwamapurisa kwakaumbwa kwenguva refu nemitemo yehurumende kupfuura nemirairo yehurumende. Nepo Congress yeU.S. yakapfuudza mitemo yekodzero dzavagari vemo inodzora kuputsa kwetsika kana kuti kushandira ruramisiro, mitemo yezuva nezuva inodzora kuti masangano anochengeta mutemo anoshuma kusazvibata, kushandisa simba, uye kushandira pamwe navose kunorondedzerwa zvikuru pamwero wehurumende. Mumakore gumi apfuura, fungu rebasa remitemo rakachinja nzira iyo madhipatimendi emapurisa anoshanda nayo, namasangano anobatira semarapikitari nokuda kwokuvandudza. Kunzwisisa iyi mitemo, miuyo yawo yakarongwa, uye miuyo yawo chaiyoiyo yenyika inokosha nokuda kwavadzidzi veruramisiro, nhevedzano yehurumende, uye dzidzo yavose.

Chikonzero Nei Mitemo yeHurumende Ichizvidavirira Kumapurisa

Hurumende dzine chiremera chikuru pakuchengetwa kwomutemo nemhaka yokuti masimba amapurisa anochengetedzwa zvikurukuru nehurumende pasi peTenth Amendment. Ikoku kunoreva kuti mitemo yehurumende inosarudza chinhu chiri chose kubva muchinyorwa chekunyorwa nokubviswa kwezvinyorwa zvavakuru vakuru kuoneka kwezvinyorwa zvokuranga. Mitemo yeFederal inogovera musiyano wakavakirwa pa [muenzaniso, . [Masimba emapurisa] Vientant Crime Control and Enforcement Act of 1994 Act yeDOJ kunzvera madhipatimendicial , asi havawanzoraira zvinodikanwa zvakananga kana kuti zvivako zvokutarisira. Somuro, chinjo hurusa yezvipo zvakabva kuzvidavirira kwamapurisa.

Nharaunda huru umo mutemo wehurumende unobatanidza mashoko acho:

  • Kushuma kwokushandisa zviitiko zvesimba, kubatanidza kupfura kwakabatanidzwa kwavakuru vakuru uye nzufu dzisina simba.
  • Mitemo yekamera yakagadzirwa nomuviri, kubatanidza apo makamera anofanira kugadzirwa uye kuti tsoka dzinochengetwa sei ndokubudiswa.
  • Kutangwa uye chiremera zvamapuranga ehwirudzuro kana kuti mabasa okutarisira akazvimirira.
  • Kuchinja kwokudzivirirwa kwavakakwaniriswa sedziviriro mukurwisana nevakuru vakuru vehurumende.
  • Kuwana zvinyorwa zvemapurisa zvokuranga, kuongorora nhau dzomukati, uye mapepa okunyorera zvinhu zvisina kururama.

Matanho Makuru Omutemo Netapuro Yawo Pakushuma

Shandisa Zvinodikanwa Zvokushuma

Chimwe chezvinjo dzinokosha zvikurusa chave chiri chitsivo chekushuma kwamashoko, kwakatevedzana kwezvinoitika zvinoshandiswa zvinomanikidzira. pamberi pa 2015, nyika dzakawanda dzakanga dzisina chinodikanwa chokuti masangano anochengeta mutemo apedze zviitiko zvinouraya kuchiremera chehurumende. Chakachinja pashure pezvinoitika zvakakwirira zvakawana ngwariro yenyika. Nhasi, zvinotaura se Calcounnia (panyange AB 71 ne SB 1421), [[FL:]] , [FLT] T [[FLT]] [[FLT] [inenge] [[FLT] [ivhi] [iinenge] yakakwenyurwa zvikuru, uye [[FLT] jasss , zvinoziviswa nemheverevero yepfuudzo] (pa-FLT]) (pa-S.) (papose resarongedzero resa resaropoti, kana kuti kushati, bhiritirome, kana kuti kudzo, kudzo, kudzo, kudzo.

Muuyo pakushuma chaikoiko wave wakakura. MuCalifornia, somuenzaniso, chiverengero chepfuti dzinobatanidzwa dzinoshumwa kuBato reHurumende reRuramisiro chakawedzera neinopfuura 60% mumakore maviri okutanga pashure pokushuma kwechikwaniriso. Uku kukura hakurevi hako kuti kupfura kukuru kwakaitika /, kunoratidzira kubviswa kwemashoko akaderera. Nokuda kwavadzidzi navadzidzisi, ikoku kunosimbisa chidzidzo chakakomba: Mitemo yokuoneka yepasi bedzi haiiti kuzvidavirira kutoti yakarairawo kuunganidzwa kwemashoko namasvikirirwo avose.

Chinotapurwa Chomuviri Nokusunungurwa Mutsoka

Makamera omuviri akarumbidzwa semutsigiri wemutambo wokuzvidavirira kwamapurisa, asi kushanda kwawo kunotsamira chose chose pakuti anoshandiswa sei uye rini. Mutemo wehurumende wave uchinetsa mukuvanza mipimo miduku. Somuenzaniso, Virginia[ (HB 150]] (HB 150) inoda vakuru vakuru vakuru vemirairi yomutemo kuti vaite kuti macamelo ose echikamu ashande mukati mechikamu, nepo Balado (HB 21410) itendero kuti tsoka dzichengeterwe pamazuva 90 nokuda kwezvinoitika zviduku uye kwenguva refu nokuda kwavanokomba zvikuru.

Zvisinei, nhau inokakavadzana zvikurusa ndeyokuvakwa kwenzvimbo yekamera. United States inosiana zvikuru: zvimwe, kufanana ne Florida, kufungidzira kuti kumira kunodzorwa nomutemo wemitemo yavose asi kubvumira kusava norusununguko kwakafara nokuda kwemitemo yapachivande; zvimwe, kufanana ne]] zvinopesana, zvinoganhurirwa kunze kwenhevedzano yedare. National Institute of Justice [ yacherekedza kuti kuganhurirwa kunoganhurira kunoganhurirwa kwakanyanyovakwa kwemika zvikuru kwemabhatabheti yakarehwa kuvaka. Zviidzo dzinongoerekana zvogarwa. Kusunungurwa kunofanira kuvhiringidza muganhu wekusunungurwa nokusunungurwa kwekuitika mumugwagwa kana kuti kushatirwa kwekudzosera zviitiko.

Boka Rokuhwirudzura Neutariri Hwokuzvimirira

Imwe nzvimbo umo mutemo wehurumende wakava netapuro yakananga ichisiko nokupiwa simba kwamabhodhi ehwirudzuro ehurumende. Munhau, mapurisa mazhinjisa akanga ari omukati, aitungamirirwa nedhipatimendi rimene. Zvino, dzinenge nyika 20 dzine mitemo inobvumira kana kuti kuraira utariri hwehurumende kumasangano akati. Mutemo weNew York Encontments Miscimbicialigitive Office Office (LEMIO) yakatangwa nehurumende somutumbi wepakati kuti igamuchire uye kunzvera zvichemo zvemasangano api naa api emapurisa muruwa. [[FLT] procentedmental [F] Law] Law inforcementivementive Office)

Kushanda kweCRB kunosiana pahwaro hwavo. Mabhodhi anogona kuzvimirira pachawo zvapupu nezvinyorwa nezvinyorwa (sezviya zviri mu Los Angeles uye San Francisco [[ (kushanda pasi pehurumende kuchiita kuti mitemo ishande). Mabhodhi anongodzokorora bedzi nhau dzomukati, nokupesana, angabatira sehwindo. Mutemo wehurumende unogovera simba rechokwadi, panzvimbo pemabasa ezvokuedza, aratidza migumisiro inoparira: [[FLT:] [FF:] 201] fundo yefundo [FFF] [FF] 15%]

Kuongorora Case: California neNew York Sevatungamiriri Vechinjo

Mitemo Yemitemo yeCalifornia

California yave iri pamberi pomutemo wedare remapurisa unozvidavirira. Pasuru yacho inobatanidza mitemo miviri yechiratidzo: SB 142 (208) uye SB] [. SB 1421 yakavhura kare mapurisa epachivande zvinyorwa zvemitemo zvokusatendeseka (821) kusanganisira zviwanwa zvinotsigirwa zvekusatendeseka, kudenha kwevatano, uye kushandiswa kwesimba raparuzhinji. Mutemo wakagumisa nenzira inobudirira kuvanzika kwavakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende vakanga vadzivirirwa paruzhinji. SB 16 yakakuwedzera kubatanidza zvichemo zvose zvinoramba zvichichengetwa, kwete zvakakomba zvikuru, uye kurayira masangano kuti mapepa epapu yepaindaneti.

Chinotapura zvikuru. Mapepanhau namapoka anotarisira akashandisa aya mafabheti kufumura mitoo yomufambiro wakashata, kuchitungamirira kukubviswa kwetsamba negadziridzo dzesangano. Zvisinei, mutemo wakaparirawo kuziviswa kwemibatanidzwa yamapurisa, uchienzanisira kusawirirana kuripo pakati pokuona navakuru vakuru. Kuvadzidzisi, chinoitika cheCalifornia chinopa fundo yakajeka yenhau mukuti mutemo unogona sei kudzorera dzikamo yesimba pakati pamasangano anotarisira vanhu uye anochengeta mutemo.

Kudzoka kwe 50-a muNew York

New York rwendo rwakanga runoshamisa zvakafanana. Kwamakumi amakore, Kuvhota 50-a kwoMutemo weChivil Rights wehurumende kwakanga kwachengeta zvinyorwa zvamapurisa zvakavanzika, kuchigovera nhovo yakakwana nokuda kwezvinyorwa zvetsika dzakaipa. Pashure pokuurawa kwaGeorge Floyd muna 2020, chibvumirano chehurumende chakavhotera zvikuru kudzosa 50-a muna June 2020. Kuvhura kwamakumi ezviuru ezvinyorwa zvamapurisa zvechirango chakakwirira, kubatanidza aya evakuru vakuru vakuru vezvichemo zvakakomba. [[FLT:] New York’s Rescration Resting Res Resportation Invectiveiveiveives Office [FFoctig:] zvino moratement Office yezvinyorwa zvamashoko akapararira.

Repeal yakabvumira magweta navanyori venhau kuti vaone vakuru vakuru venhau dzesimba rakanyanyisa, kuchitungamirira kurondedzero huru nedzvinyiriro yavose yavanhu. Bva kuzadzika kwave kusina kufanira: mamwe masangano anoramba kubvumirana kwakazara, uye 201 kutonga kwedare kwakaganhurirwa ukuru hwezvinyorwa zvinorangarirwa kuva “pemperel". Zvine chokuita no“ kuranga.” Izvi denho dzinoratidzira kuti kunyange mutemo wakasimba unoda utaririsiro hunopfuurira kuti usvitse nharidzano dzawo.

Kuchinja Kwakakodzera Panyika

Kudzivirirwa kwakakodzera idzidziso yapamutemo iyo inodzivirira vakuru vakuru vehurumende pamitoro yavagari vemo kutoti vachiputsa “mutemo wakagadzwa zvakajeka”. Nepo dzidziso yacho yakatangwa neDare Rapamusorosoro reU.S., hurumende dzine simba rokugadza mipimo yavo vamene nokuda kwezvinotaurwa nomutemo wehurumende. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, hurumende dzinoverengeka dzakagadza mutemo wokuganhurira kana kubvisa kudzivirira kukwaniriswa mukurwisana nebumbiro remitemo kana kuti zvitaro zvehurumende.

Colado [SB 21-199] yakabvisa kudzivirirwa kwavakakwaniriswa kwevakuru vakuru vehurumende nokuda kwezvikumbiro zvekuvadziko, kuchikuita kuti kuve nyore zvikuru kuti vakuru vakuru vatsive nokuda kwesimba rakanyanyisa. New Mexico yakatevera ne HB 4 mu 2023. [[FLT:]] chibvumirano chakabatanidza mutemo wakafanana muna 2020. Iyi mitoo haisati yatapura kutaura kwehurumende, asi inoparira mwero wakaenzana wokuzvidavirira. Kukurumidza kuvambira paColoradown, kunyange zvazvo madhipati akawanda emapurisa ari kubhadhara nokuda kwemipi.

Zvinetso Nemigumisiro Yaisatarisirwa

Nepo mutemo wehurumende wakaita fambiro mberi huru, wakananganawo nemhinganidzo. Mimwe mitemo yakatsoropodzwa nokuda kwokunyengera, kuchitungamirira kumubatanidzwa wamapurisa kudzongonyedza kana kuti kunyange “kuderera kwegundava. Mamwe anotarisana nemigumisiro: 2023 ne Prolice Profession Research Forum yakawana kuti mumitemo nokushuma kwapamutemo, inenge 30% yamasangano maduku akakundikana kuwirirana zvizere nezvinodikanwa zvokuzviisa pasi pedata. Pasi pezvikwereti kana kuti zvirango zvakakwana nokuda kwe [FLTB], kushuma mitemo inoramba iri yokushuvira nokuda kwedzimwe zviremera.

Mukuwedzera, zvitsama zvakavanzika zvakafara mumitemo yakati, --gnut kudzivirira kuvanzika kwavananyajambwa ($yakashandiswa namasangano kudzivisa zvinyorwa zvinofanira kuva zvapachena. Somuenzaniso, 2022 ACLU yakawana kuti [[FLT:]] Incdiana [[[FLT]] mutemo wavose], nepo uchibvumira kusvika kumarekodhi, inopa masangano upamhindero huru kuisa zvinhu zvakavanzika, zvinoshatisa pamutemo kugadziriswa kwokujeka. Kukurukura nhau dzakadaro, mapoka echibvumirano anorumbidza kuti mutemo unobatanidza kubudiswa kwapamhika, uye kushairira.

Kutarisira Munharaunda Nekuisa Mitauro Mutsetse

Chimwe chezvinoitika zvinovimbisa zvikurusa chinodikanwa chinokura chokuti madhipatimendi amapurisa abudise mashoko pakumira, kunzvera, kusungwa, uye kushandisa simba. TEXAS (pansi peSB 4) uye ] Shighton (pansi pa940) yakaraira kuunganidzwa kwamashoko kwakakwana namadhipatimendi, namabhodhikiti evoruzhinji. Iyi data inobvumira vanzveri namapoka enzanga kuzivisa mitoo yokubvisa kana kuti kunyanyisa. Somuenzaniso, [FLT.FLT:] .Sford projective [FUR.[FLT]] .SD [FLT]S]

Mutemo wehurumende unoraira kunzvera kwazvimirira kwemazita emapurisa, (*) pane kuzvishuma woga. Illinois ye[ SaFE-T Act yakaita Stateunt Police Service Commission yeState yaikwanisa kuongorora kutemwa. Kana masangano akakundikana kushuma, komishoni inogona kudzivisa kutsigira mari yehurumende. Rudzi urwu rwegadziriro yokuchengeta mutemo runova rwakakomba nemhaka yokuti pasina irwo, kushuma zvinodikanwa kuva rovedzo yepepa.

Miitiro Yenguva Yemberi Mukutonga Kwehurumende

Kutarira mberi, zvirongwa zvinoverengeka zviri padoko. Chokutanga, dzimwe hurumende dzingatevera California neNew York mukuvhura zvinyorwa zvokuranga, kudzorera makumi amakore echivande. Bipartisan mibatanidzwa iri muzvinhu se Arizona[ uye [FLT]] Plannyvansia [[[FLT]] yakapfuudza mutemo wedecvrectins yakatanga zvikweretiso. Chechipiri, kufamba kwokuda decrective system avo vanoita mufambiro wakakomba vari kuwedzera simba retsika: [[FLT:] Maschasetts[FLT] [FLD]] [FLT:]

Chechitatu, mutemo unobatanidza mari yamapurisa nezviito zvokuzvidavirira . zvakadai sokuda madhipatimendi kutora makamera omutumbi kana kuti kushandisa kufora kwemirayiridzo nokuda kwehurumende unopa mari(*) uri kuongororwa mu Orgon uye Minnesota[[FLT]] . Pakupedzisira, pane fariro inokura mukushandisa mutemo kuti utaure kumhinduro yemapurisa kuzvinetso zvoutano hwendangariro, kubatanidza mitemo inoganhurira basa ravakuru vakuru vezvo uye kutsigira njodzi dzehurumende.

Mugumisiro: Simba Neganhuriro Zvemitemo yeHurumende

Mutemo wehurumende mubato une simba zvikuru wokuzvidavirira kwamapurisa. Inogona kuraira kuonana, kutungamirira, uye kuparira miuyo nokuda kwokusazvibata. Zvinoitika zveCalifornia neNew York zvinoratidza kuti mitemo yakakwana inogona kuchinja kusvika kwavose kumashoko nokuwedzera chivimbo (apo bedzi kana yakasanosarudzirwa, yakatsigirwa zvakakwana, uye yakadzorwa zvakasimba. Zvinetso zvokushandisa, kudzivisa mubatanidzwa, uye migumisiro isingadzorwi zvinotiyeuchidza kuti mutemo woga hausati uri chitsama chetso.

Nokuda kwavadzidzi navadzidzisi vari kufunda uyu musoro, chinhu chikuru ndechokuti mitemo yenzvimbo yehurumende inoshanda zvikuru uye inokwikwidzwa. Rusando rwuri rwose rwechirongwa chehurumende inopa banza rechinjo kana kuti revo. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa tapuro yemitemo iripo, vagari vemo vanogona kutsigira nokuda kwemipimo inobudirira zvikuru uye kuchengetwa kwavakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa vachizvidavirira nokuda kwemiuyo. Nguva yemberi yokuzvidavirira kwamapurisa ichanyorwa kwete muWashington, D.C., asi muhurumende mudzoromedzo dzinopfuura nyika yose yorudzi rwacho (wechipiri) panguva imwe.