Gadziriro Yakasimba Yehurumende muUnited States

Zvisarudzo zvehurumende zvinoumba anenge mativi ose oupenyu hwazvino uno, kubva kumugariro wemhepo waunofema kuenda kunzira dzaunotyaira nako nokuchengeteka kwemudyandigere wako. Zvisinei, vagari vazhinji vane nzwisiso isina kujeka bedzi yemwero wehurumende iri mumitoro yei. Tsika yeU.S. inoshanda mumativi matatu akasiyana- siyana — nzvimbo yapachadenga, uye hurumende — chimwe nechimwe nechiremera chayo chapamutemo, mibato inoripira mari, uye miganhuro. Kunzwisisa kuti izvi zvikamu zvehurumende ndiyo nhano yokutanga sei kukuziva kuti zvisarudzo zvehurumende zvinotapura sei upenyu hwako uye kuti unogona sei kuhupesvedzera.

Hurumende Yomunzvimbomo: Vavariro Yapedyo Zvikuru Navanhu

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo kubatanidza mabhii, maguta, mataundikishi, uye maruwa chaiwo ndiwo mapoka ezvidzoreso izvo vagari vemo vanobatira pamwe kazhinji kazhinji zvikuru. Iyi mitumbi inoita mabasa anotapura zvakananga miitiro yezuva nezuva: kuunganidzwa kwamarara, mapaka nevaraidzo, kuchengetwa kwomutemo kwomunzvimbomo, madhipatimendi omwoto, uye zvikoro zvavose. Nemhaka yokuti hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinoshanda pamwero muduku, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji dzinodavirira zvikuru kuzvinodikanwa zvenzanga, asi dzinotarisanawo nendyiko dzemari shomanene zvikuru uye mibato inodzo yakaoma zvikuru kupfuura mitumbi yehurumende. Mukuwirirana neNational League of Cities, mune masangano ehurumende omunzvimbomo anopfuura 90 000 muUnited States, mwero mumwe nomumwe yakasiana-faraudzo yavanhu mukati nharaunda yayo.

Hurumende: Chiremera Chomunharaunda Nokubatana

Hurumende dzine simba guru muTenth Amendment, iyo inochengetera nyika masimba ose asingapiwi kuhurumende yehurumende. Ikoku kunobatanidza chiremera chikuru pamusoro pomuitiro wedzidzo, mirau yezvoutano, gadziriro dzezvokufambisa, mutemo woutsotsi, uye mipimo yemhoteredzo. Hurumende dzinogadza, magavhuna, uye masangano ehurumende dzinoita ndokuita mitemo inoshanda zvakafanana munyika yose, nepo ichiparadzirawo kutsigira mari kuhurumende dzomunzvimbomo. Nemhaka yokuti hurumende imwe neimwe ine bumbiro rayo romutemo, miraudzo inogona kusiana zvikuru kubva kuhurumende imwe kuenda kune imwe, kuumba basa remitemo inotapura vagari vemo zvakananga.

Hurumende Inotonga Nyika Yose: National Leadership uye Kumiririra Nyika Yose

Hurumende yehurumende, yakagara muWashington, D.C., inobata nhau dzorudzi nedzemarudzi ose. Mapazu ayo matatu —legislatiti, mutungamiriri, uye mutongi — masimba okurovedza anonyorwa muBumbiro reMitemo, kubatanidza chiremera chokudzora kutengeserana kwenyika, kutungamirira mirau yokumwe, kuchengeta mauto, kutarisira kutama, uye kutungamirira zvirongwa zveinishuwarenzi yenzanga zvakadai seSocial Security neMedicare. Ganhuriro dzayo dzinokombamira kukuva nemhoshoro hurusa, dzinotapura nyika dzose 50 panguva imwe cheteyo, asi kazhinji dzinononoka kuchinja nemhaka yokuoma kwegadziriro yemitemo uye kudikanwa yokubvumirana kukuru.

Kuchinja Kunoita Zvisarudzo Zvehurumende Yomunzvimbomo Muupenyu Hwezuva Nezuva

Nokuda kwavanhu vazhinjisa, tapuro yehurumende yomunzvimbomo inooneka zvikurusa. Mitemo yomunzvimbomo neganhuriro zvinosarudza kuti nzvimbo yako yakakotsekana sei, kuti shangu yako inosvika nguva yakareba sei, uye kunaka kwedzidzo inogamuchira vana vako. Izvi zvisarudzo zvinoitwa namadare eguta, masangano eruwa, mabhodhi echikoro, uye mimwe mitumbi yomunzvimbomo inosarudzwa navagari vemo. Nemhaka yokuti iyi nzvimbo kazhinji kazhinji inhambo isina kutsaurwa uye yakaderera, muvhoti musarudzo womunzvimbomo unoratidzika kuva wakaderera, uko kunoreva chiverengero chiduku chavagari vemo vakapindwa vanogona kuva nepesvedzero.

Kufudza uye Nyika Zvinoshandisa Chinodzorwa

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinodzora mitemo inodzora nharaunda dzinoda kuvakwa. Iyi mitemo inotapura chinhu chiri chose kuvambira pakuwanika kwedzimba dzinobvira kusvikira kunzvimbo yenzvimbo dzamabasa okugadzirwa iri pedyo nenharaunda dzokugara. Zvisarudzo zvinogona kusimudzira kukura kwemari nokukudziridzika kwamarudzi kana kuti kupesana kana kuti kudzokororwa. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, maguta akawanda akashandura mitemo inochinja magariro kuti abvumire dzimba dzakasimba zvikuru, mapoka okugara, uye kufambira mberi. Apo vagari vanopinda musangano wemibato kana kuti vapupurire pamberi pemakurukota eguta, vanoumba tsika dzenzanga dzavo.

Dzidzo Yavose Nematare Echikoro

Madare ezvikoro zvemunzvimbomo anosarudza mipimo yedzidzo, vatarisiri vanopinza varovha, mabhajeti, uye kubvumira zvisungo zvezvisungo zvokuvaka chikoro. Izvi zvisarudzo zvinotapura zvakananga kunaka kwedzidzo inowanika kuvana muruwa. Sarudzo dzechikoro, nepo dzinowanzofuratirwa, dzazova dzinowedzera gakava nemhaka yerondedzero yedzinza inotsoropodza, zvirambidzo, uye LGBTQ+ abatanidzwa aenda kunzvimbo yenharo. The Annie E. Casey Foundation inoshuma kuti mirando yedzidzo yomunzvimbomo ine tapuro yetapurofiti inodzo inotambira pamwero inotambira pamwero mukurusa pamitezo yechikoro chepamusoro uye miuyo yemari yapanguva refu nokuda kwavadzidzi.

Kuchengeteka Kwavose Nemabasa Okukurumidzira

Mapato emapurisa omunharaunda, zviteshi zvokudzima moto, uye mabasa okurapa ekurumidziro anobhadharwa uye anoitwa pamwero wemaminisiparati kana kuti nyika. Zvisarudzo pamusoro pemari yokuchengeteka yavose, kushandisa mitemo yokufambisa, uye kutumira mitemo zvinotapura kuti zvinobetsera nokukurumidza sei uye kuti mhinduro yacho inowirirana sei munharaunda dzakasiyana- siyana. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, nzanga dzakawanda dzakakurukura basa remapurisa munjodzi dzoutano dzepfungwa uye kugoverwa kwemari yemasangano avanhu.

Zvirongwa Zvomunzvimbomo uye Zvekufambisa

Hurumende dzeguta neruwa dzine mutoro wokuchengeta migwagwa yomunzvimbomo, nzira dzomumugwagwa, majecha emigwagwa, mapombi emvura, uye gadziriro dzokufambisa dzavose. Idzi zvinhu zvezvirongwa zvinotapura mipimo yezvinhu, kuwanda kwemotokari, uye chengeteko yavanofamba netsoka. Zvisarudzo pamusoro penzira dzinodzokororwa, uko migwagwa yebhasi inoiswa, uye kana kutsigira nzira itsva yebhazi zvose zvinoitika pamwero womunzvimbomo. Vagari vanotora rutivi mumabasa avose kana kuti vanokumbanira matare okufambisa vanogona kupesvedzera kuti mari yavose inopedzerwa sei pazvirongwa zvemari.

Kusvika Kwehurumende yeHurumende Muchinzvimbo

Hurumende dzinoshanda pamwero unodzibvumira kupedza nhau dzinopfuura miganhu yomunzvimbomo dzichiramba dziri pedyo zvikuru nehurumende yehurumende. Mitemo yehurumende mutarisiro youtano, zvokufambisa, zvakapoteredza, uye dzidzo inotapura mugari ari wose ari mukati mehurumende, kazhinji kazhinji nemhatsa huru pakati pehurumende. Somuenzaniso, musiano pakati pokugara munyika yakakudza Medicaid pasi peAfforditable Care Act uye uyo usina kugona kureva musiano pakati pokuva neinishuwarenzi youtano nokurarama pasina.

Kuwana Utano Nezviito Zvoutano Zvoruzhinji

Hurumende dzinodzora misika yeinishuwarenzi youtano, kuiswa kwenyanzvi dzezvokurapa, uye zvirongwa zvoutano. Dzinodzosa Medicaid, dzinotarisira vana ’ dzinogadza mapurogiramu einishuwarenzi youtano, uye dzinogadza mitemo yemibato yemari yemari yemari. Mukati medenda reCOVID-19, hurumende dzehurumende dzakaita zvisarudzo zvokutsoropodza pamusoro pekuvhara, kuparadzirwa kwemishonga yejekiseni, uye zvikumbiro zvekuvhara, zvichiratidzira kuva netapuro huru yehurumende yenzvimbo yegore rezvemari inogona kuva nemigumisiro youtano yavose.

Manetwork Ehurumende Nevatarisiri Vezvemari

Madhipatimendi ehurumende ezvokufambisa anotarisira migwagwa mikuru, mabhiriji, nhandare dzendege, uye zvitima zvinobatanidza maguta nenharaunda. Izvi zvinochinja kukura kwemari nokusarudza kuti zvinhu nemunhu zviri nyore sei. Mitero yegasi yehurumende uye mibatanidzwa yezvokufambisa zvinotsigira mabasa makuru, uye masangano ehurumende anoisa pokutanga pakuwedzera kuenderana nokugadziriswa. Mamiriro enzvimbo yehurumende inonzi ’ masangano ezvokufambisa zvinhu anokanganisa zvakananga zvisarudzo zvenzvimbo dzebhizimisi, zvokushanyira nzvimbo dzezvitoro, uye nguva dzinoshandiswa nemamiriyoni evashandi.

Kudzivirirwa Kwezvakatipoteredza uye Kutarisirwa Kwezvinhu Zvomuzvarirwo

Nyika dzine chiremera chikuru pamirau yemhoteredzo yakawanda, kubatanidza mipimo yemhepo nemvura, kutarisirwa kwetsvina, uye kuchengetedzwa kwenyika. Dzimwe nyika dzakashandisa miitiro yemamiriro okunze ane simba, yakadai semipimo yenzvimbo inodzorwa necarbon, nepo dzimwe dzichiisa mipimo yezvicherwa zvepeturu. Masangano emhoteredzo anoisa mipimo inodzora tsvina yenzvimbo dzamabasa okugadzira zvinhu, zvinouraya zvinouraya, uye kunwa mvura yakachengeteka. Vagari vanotsigira kudzivirira mhoteredzo yemhoteredzo vanogona kupesvedzera matongero okutonga kupfurikidza nenhambo dzetsinhiro dzavose uye kupfurikidza nokutsigira vatendi vehurumende vanoisa dziviriro.

Nheyo Dzedzidzo Nokutsigira Dzidzo Yepamusoro

Hurumende dzinogadza mipimo yedzidzo, dzinopa nzvero dzapanguva dzose, uye dzinogovera mari kuzvikoro zvavose K-12. Dzinotarisirawo mayunivhesiti avose nekoreji dzenzanga, dzichigadza mwero yemipimo yemari nemirau yokupinda. Zvisarudzo zvemari yemari yehurumende zvinosarudza mibhadharo yavadzidzisi, ukuru hwekirasi, uye kuvapo kwepurogiramu dzakadai sedzidzo yapakuvamba nerovedzo yebasa. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, nyika dzazova nzvimbo dzehondo pamusoro pezvidiso, chisarudzo chechikoro, uye basa redzinza nevatano mudzidzo. Izvi zvisarudzo zvemiitiro zvinoumba unyanzvi nezivo zvechizvarwa chinotevera chavashandi navagari vemo.

Hurumende Yenyika Nesimba Renyika

Hurumende yehurumende inokurukura nhau dzorudzi dzinoda mipimo yakafanana kana kuti kubatana. zvisarudzo zvayo zvinotapura upfumi, chengeteko yorudzi, garikano yenzanga, uye maruramiro apamutemo ehurumende eAmerica ari wose. Nepo mitemo yehurumende inogona kunzwa iri kure noupenyu hwezuva nezuva, zvinoumba gadziriro umo nyika nenzvimbo zvinoshanda, uye zvinogovera zviwanikwa nedziviriro izvo pasina nyika imwe inogona kuwana yoga.

Mutemo Wemari Nokutarisira Mari

Hurumende yehurumende inodzora upfumi hwenyika kupfurikidza nomuitiro wetsika (mutero nokushandisa mari) uye muitiro wemari (wakaitwa neFederal Reserve). Mwero yemitero yeFederal, mari yemubereko, uye kushandiswa kwepurogiramu dzakadai seinishuwarenzi yourovha negadziriro zvinotapura basa, kukwira kwemitengo, uye kukura kwemari. American Replation Plan neInflation Reduction Act mienzaniso yazvino uno yemitemo yehurumende yakatungamirira mabhiriyoni emadhorabhuro, nzvimbo, uye vanhu vamwe navamwe, nemiuyo inotapurira mberi pamitengo yourombo uye mari zvemhuri.

Chengeteko Yenzanga Negadziriro Dzokuyamura Dzamatunhu

Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, Mepal Nutrition Application Program (SNAP), uye vamiriri vedzimba ipurogiramu dzehurumende dzinogovera dziviriro nokuda kwamamirioni eAmerica. Mitemo yebetsero, uye mari inosarudzwa neCongress nebazu guru. Chinjo kuidzi purogiramu dzinogona kuva nemiuyo yapamberi pebasa, mhuri dzinowana mari shoma, uye vanhu vane urema. Kunzwisisa kuti zvisarudzo zvemari yehurumende zvinotapura sei zvirongwa izvi zvinokosha nokuda kwokuronga basa kana kuti kutsamira pabetsero yehurumende.

Kudzivirira Nyika Nemitemo Yokumwe

Hurumende yehurumende ndiyo ine mutoro bedzi wedziviriro yenyika, kubatanidza masangano ehondo, akangwara, uye kukurukurirana. Zvisarudzo pamusoro pekurongwa kwehondo, zvibvumirano zvezvombo, zvibvumirano zvezvokutengeserana, uye yamuro dzokumwe zvinotapura zvakananga ukama hworudzi neupfumi nedzimwe nyika.

Mutemo Wokutama - tama uye Muitiro Womuganhu

Muitiro wokutora unoshanda chose chose, une mitemo nokuchengetwa zvinobatwa neCongress, Department of Homeland Security, uye matare. Zvisarudzo pamusoro pepurogiramu dzevhiza, miitiro yekotera, muganhu, uye kubvisa zvinhu zvinokosha zvinotapura mamirioni avatami nemhuri dzavo, pamwe chete navashandirwi vanotsamira pabasa ravatami. Hurumende nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo zvinobatira pamwe nemitemo yehurumende kupfurikidza nebatira pamwe kana kuti zvibvumirano zvisingashandi pamwe, zvichiparira rwisano inopfuurira yepamutemo neyezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kupindirana Kwehurumende

Kunyange zvazvo hurumende dzomunzvimbomo, dzehurumende, uye dzehurumende dzine mitoro yakasiyana, zviito zvadzo zvinobatanidzwa zvikuru. zvisarudzo zvemitemo pane imwe mwero zvinogona kugonesa kana kuti kumanikidza zvisarudzo pane imwe, zvichiita kuti pave negadziriro yakaoma yokutsigirana. Kuziva ukama ihwohwu kunokosha kuti tinzwisise kuti zvisarudzo zvehurumende zvinoshanda sei chaizvoizvo.

Kufambisa Nokuchinja Kwokushandisa

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinotsamira zvikuru pakutsigira mari yehurumende nehurumende. Mipiro yezvokufambisa, dzidzo, uye utano hwevanhu inouya nemigariro inoumba zvinhu zvinokosha zvomunzvimbomo. Nenzira yakafanana, hurumende dzehurumende dzinoraira kuti nzvimbo dzigovere mabasa akati kana kuti kusvitsa mipimo yakananga, pane dzimwe nguva pasina kugovera mari yakazara inozivikanwa sechiremera chisina kutenderwa. Iyi mari inodzorwa inoreva kuti bhajeti yehurumende inogona kumanikidza zvisarudzo zvakaoma pamwero womunzvimbomo, uye chinjo yehurumende inogona kubvisa pfuma kubva kune imwe nzanga kuenda kune imwe.

Kusawirirana Kwemitemo uye Kushandira Pamwe

Rwisano pakati pemwero yehurumende inozivikanwa navose, zvikurukuru apo mapoka akasiyana - siyana anodzora mapazu akasiyana. Hurumende nehurumende dzehurumende dzakarwisana pamusoro penhau dzakadai sekuitwa pamutemo kwembanje, murairo wemhoteredzo, uye kuchengetwa kwokutama. Muzvimwe zvinoitika, pomera hurumende kuti idzivise mitemo yainoramba, nepo muzvimwe zviitiko, nzvimbo dzinogamuchira mitemo iyo inobvisa iyi mitemo yehurumende. Pasinei zvapo neiyi rwisano, batira pamwewo muitiro: masangano ehurumende nehurumende anoshanda pamwe chete pamhinduro yengwavaira, mauto anochengeta mutemo, uye kunzvera utano.

Kununurwa uye Kutonga Kwomumusha

Njodzi dzinoitika apo mwero wakakwirira weganhuriro dzehurumende kana kuti inorambidza mwero wakaderera wokuita munharaunda yakati. Hurumende dzinogona kubvisa mitemo yomunzvimbomo pamisoro yakadai sokudzorwa kwepfuti, kudzora, uye muripo muduku. Nenzira inopesana, masimba okutonga emisha anobvumira nzvimbo kuzvitonga amene mukati memiganhu yakagadzwa nehurumende. Dzikamo pakati pekusunungurwa nekutonga kwapamusha inhau ine simba yezvamatongerwe enyika iyo inosarudza kuti nzanga dzomunzvimbomo dzine pesvedzero dzakaita sei pazvinhu zvadzo.

Matanho Anoshanda Okutanga Kuberekana

Kubvuma kubatanidzwa panzvimbo dzose nhatu dzehurumende kunogona kuwedzera inzwi rako uye kubatsira kuumba mitemo inokosha zvikuru kwauri uye nzanga yako.

Kurumbidza Rusarudzo Rwose

Kutsinhana ndiyo nzira yakananga zvikurusa yokupesvedzera nayo zvisarudzo zvehurumende pamwero uri wose. Sarudzo dzomunzvimbomo kazhinji kazhinji dzine jasi rakaderera zvikuru, uko kunoreva kuti vhoti imwe neimwe inotakura uremu hukuru. Sarudzo yehurumende nehurumende inosarudza kuti ndiani anodzora masangano omutemo namahofisi avakuru vakuru, kugadza purogiramu yamakore anouya. Kunyoresa kuvhota, kunzvera navarongi, uye kuratidzwa kwesarudzo iri yose kubva kuboka rechikoro kuenda kupurezidhendi mabasa ehwaro.

Kupinda Misangano Yavose uye Kunzwa

Misangano yedare reguta, marusando esangano reruwa, misangano yechikoro, uye kutongwa kwemitemo kwehurumende zvakazarukira vanhu. Idzi nharaunda dzinobvumira vagari vemo kutaura zvakananga kuvakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa pamusoro penhau dzavanoitira hanya. Nhambo dzavose, kazhinji kazhinji dzakaganhurirwa kumaminiti mashomanene pamunhu, mabanza okupa mishumo, kutaura nhau dzomunhu oga, uye kukurudzira. Kunyange kupinda pasina kutaura chiratidzo icho nzanga iri kutarira.

Kuonana Nevakuru - vakuru Vakarongwa

Nhare dzefoni, maemail, uye tsamba kuvakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa inzira dzinobudirira dzokutaura pfungwa pamitemo iri kumira kana kuti nhau dzinopfuurira. Mitezo inoshandira kunyora tsamba nokushuma misoro kuvakuru vakuru vavo. Nyaya dzomunhu oga dzinoratidza kuti muitiro waizotapura sei vanhu chaivoivo unonyengetedza zvikuru. MaWebsite akaita seweta.gov anopa matura ehurumende, hurumende, uye vakuru vakuru vemo, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuwana munhu akarurama wokuonana naye.

Kubatanidzwa Mumasangano Enzanga

Masangano evavakidzani, mapoka ezvemasangano, masangano asingapinduri mhindu, uye mapoka ehurumende anogovera nzira dzakarongwa dzokubatana nehurumende.mapoka aya kazhinji kazhinji akatanga ukama nevakuru vakuru vomunzvimbomo uye anogona kukudza manzwi. Kukumbanira sangano romubereki womudzidzisi, boka remhoteredzo yomunzvimbomo, kana kuti sangano redzimba rinobatanidza newe navamwe vanogoverana zvinhu zvako zvokutanga uye vanogovera pfuma nokuda kwechiito chinobudirira.

mhedziso

Zvisarudzo zvehurumende panzvimbo yomunzvimbomo, hurumende, uye hurumende zvinoumba migariro youpenyu hwezuva nezuva munzira dzisingaverengeki. Kuvambira pamugariro wezvikoro nekotsekano yemigwagwa kusvikira kuchengeteko yepenjeni noutano hwemhoteredzo, nzvimbo imwe neimwe yehurumende ine mitoro yakasiana inotapura zvakananga vanhu nenzanga. Kucherekedza iyi miuyo inhano yokutanga kukuva mugari wemo akadzidza, asi kuvimbisana ndiko kunochinja kunzwisisa kuva pesvedzero. Kupfurikidza nokuvhota, kupinda misangano, kukurukura vakuru vakuru vakuru, uye kukumbanira masangano omunzanga, vagari vemo vanogona kuita basa guru mukuumba mitemo inodzora upenyu hwavo. Muitiro wacho unooma, asi unosvikirirwawo kuna avo vanotora nguva yokudzidza kuti kushandei nokutora rutivi.