Mutezo we14 weMitemo weKinai weUnited States, wakatenderwa muna 1868, unomira seimwe yegadziriro hurusa dzinovapo dzomutemo weAmerica. Mutauro wawo wakafara wakagadziridza zvikurukuru ukama pakati pavanhu nehurumende, uchivimbisa dziviriro huru dzinodzivirira rusununguko rwomunhu oga, perero yemhuri, uye kubatwa kwakaenzana. Kuvagari vemowo zvavo, kunzwisisa Dare reMitemo yeMitemo yeMitemo yeMitemo yeMitemo yeMitemo yeMitane neUniyumu haisati iri muitiro wedzidzo wedzidzo yedzidzo yezuva nezuva, kubva munzira iyo zvikoro zvinobata nayo vana vako kunzira iyo matare anobata nayo zvinhu zvako norusununguko. Nyaya inoputsa dziviriro yehwaro yehwaro inopa dziviriro yemitengo inopa uye inotsanangura kuti vanoshanda sei kwauri nemhuri yako.

Zvakaitika Kare Nechinangwa CheCore

Yakagamuchirwa mushure meHondo yevagari vemo, IPramende ye14 yakaitwa kuti ichengetedze maruramiro evatema vachangobva kusunungurwa pamitemo yenyika avo vaitsvaka kuvanyima kuva vagari vemo nedziviriro yakaenzana. Zvisinei, mashoko avo haana kuganhurirwa kuboka rimwe. Inozivisa zvikuru kuti vanhu vose vakaberekwa kana kuti vakasikwa muUnited States vagari vemo vadzo, uye inorambidza hurumende kuganhurirwa maruramiro kana kuti kudzivirira vagari vemo vemo, kubva mukunyima munhu upi noupi woupenyu, rusununguko, kana kuti zvinhu zvisina kufanira mutemo, uye kurambira munhu upi noupi dziviriro yakaenzana nemitemo. Iyi purogiramu inodzivisa kudzivirira kana kuti kuva dziviriro kwechimutengi nokuda kwekodzero dzevagari vemo. Dare gurusa rinoturikira kupfurikidza nezviito zvehurumende zvomunharaunda ino.

Kudzivirira Claus Kwakaenzana

The Expact Protection Claus, ine Chikamu 1, inoraira kuti hakuna hurumende icha “zvidza kumunhu upi noupi mukati moudzori hwayo dziviriro yakaenzana yemitemo.” Pairi nyoresa, ikoku kunoreva kuti hurumende inofanira kubata vanhu vari munzvimbo yakafanana. Asi simba rechitsama chacho riri mududziro yayo inochinjika: matare anoshandisa mwero yakasiana yokunzvera inotsamira parusarudzo rwuri panhau.

Kunyatsoongorora Kuverenga

Apo kusarurwa kwomutemo kwakavakirwa padzinza, mavambo orudzi, kana kuti shambidziko (mumamwe mapoteredza), matare anoshandisa kunzvera kwemipimo yedzinza, mupimo wakakwirira wehwirudzuro. Hurumende inofanira kuratidza fariro inomanikidzira uye kuti mutemo wakagadzirirwa kuwana fariro iyoyo. Iyi mirangariro yakashandiswa kuuraya dzinza, roorano yemarudzi akawanda, uye zvimiro zvakawanda zverusaruraganda. Somuenzaniso, [[FLT:][FLT:][FLT][3] bn.[FLT][5][9]] muchato waidzoromese , Dare redzinza raiita kuti dziviriro muzvikoro zvakafanana. [FLT][5][5][5]

Kuongorora Nokunzwisisa

Nokuda kwokuronga kwakavakirwa pamavara echirume kana kuti echirume, matare anoshandisa [[FLT:] kunzvera : mutemo unofanira kubatira fariro inokosha yehurumende uye kuva une chokuita zvikuru nefariro iyoyo. Nokuda kwezvimwe zvikamu(age, pfuma, urema, chimiro chevatano (pane mamwe mashoko) , masumo anoshandisa [[FLT:] hwaro hwekuyera [: mutemo unoda bedzi kuva une chokuita nefariro yehurumende yapamutemo. Mumiitiro mizhinjisarirano inodzokororwa nenzira inoyera, asi chitsarudzo chichiri chinogovera uriri hure mukurwisana nerusarura rusaitirwo. Somuenzaniso, [FLT:][FF][5].VFFF][6]

Kukutapura Kwaunoitwa Nokudzivirirwa Kwakaenzana

Dziviriro yakaenzana inobata anenge mativi ose oupenyu: dzidzo, basa, pokugara, uye kukwanisa kupinda kumabasa avose. Kana uchidavira hurumende kana kuti mutemo womunzvimbomo zvinokubata nenzira yakasiana nemhaka yedzinza rako, vatano, kana kuti rimwe vara rinodzivirirwa, ungaunza kutaura pasi peKirenati Re Amendment. Inodzivirirawo pakushandiswa kwokusasarura kwemitemo isingatori rutivi muchitarisiko, somuenzaniso, kana mapurisa akagombedzera mutemo unova unova unova wakasiana bedzi pavanhu veruvara rwakati rweganda.

Maitiro Akakodzera aClaus

Windows Procession Claus inorambidza nyika kunyima “munhu upi noupi woupenyu, rusununguko, kana kuti zvinhu, pasina muitiro wakafanira womutemo.” Iyi mirau ine mativi maviri akasiana: muitiro wakafanira wetsika nomuitiro wakafanira. Zvose zviri zviviri zvinokosha kudzivirira vanhu nemhuri.

Kurongwa Kunofanira Kuitwa

Gadziriro yakafanira yetsika inoda miitiro inowirirana hurumende isati yatora upenyu hwako, rusununguko, kana kuti zvinhu. Zviduku-duku, izvi zvinowanzobatanidza kuzivisa chiito chakarakadzwa uye mukana wokunzwika pamberi pomuiti wechisarudzo asingasaruri. Miitiro yakananga inosiana zvichitsamira paukoshi hwefariro padanda uye ngozi yokurasikirwa nezvikanganiso. Somuenzaniso:

  • Munyaya dzoutsotsi: Une maruramiro okutonga nokukurumidza uye kwavose, kunangana nezvapupu, kuva negweta, uye kuramba wakanyarara. Idzi maruramiro anodzorwa kupfurikidza neGenesi yeProgramme ye145 (yaitwa kumitemo) uye Findment (yakapiwa kuhurumende yehurumende).
  • Munhau dzevagari vemo: Dare risati ragona kukuvadza kana kuti kutora zvinhu zvako, unofanira kugamuchira basa rakafanira romuitiro nokunzwa kwakarurama. Nenzira yakafanana, masangano ehurumende asati agona kubvisa betsero dzegarikano kana kuti kubvisa rayisensi yomutyairi, anofanira kugovera ziviso nechimiro chakati chokunzwa.
  • Munhau dzemhuri:[[FLT: 1] Hurumende haigoni kubvisa mwana mukodzero yokuchengeta mwana pasina kutongwa, uyewo haigoni kubvisa kodzero dzavabereki pasina ufakazi hwakajeka nohunopwisa uye banza rokuti mubereki anzwiwe.

Gadziriro Inokosha Inofanira Kuitwa

Gadziriro yakafanira inodzivirira maruramiro makuru akati pakudzongonyedzwa nehurumende, kunyange kana miitiro yacho iri yakanaka. Dare rapamusorosoro rakawana rusununguko runokosha runobatanidza roorano, ukama hwemhuri, kubereka, kurera vana, uye kutendeseka kwomuviri. Aya maruramiro anorangarirwa kuva anokosha kwazvo zvokuti mutemo upi noupi unoaganhurira unofanira kugutsa kunzvera kwakakomba kana kuti, mune zvimwe zvinoitika, mupimo unotova wakakwirira zvikuru. Mienzaniso mikuru inobatanidza:

Dziviriro Nokuda Kwemhuri Pasi Pe Amendedzero Yegumi Negumi

Dare Repamusorosoro rakaramba richidavira kuti mhuri ndiyo musimboti wenzanga uye kuti vabereki vane kodzero inokosha yokurera vana vavo sezvavanoona kuti vakakodzera. Zvisinei, kodzero iyi hainyanyi kusimba; inofanira kudzikamiswa pakudzivirira vana pakunenge kuine kukuvara kwehurumende.

Kuenzana Kweroorano

Pamberi pa Obergefell v. Hoddell, nyika dzakawanda dzinoramba marezenisi eroorano kuvakwanyina vounzenza. Dare rakatonga kuti kuramba kuti maruramiro anoputsa zvose zviri zviviri Cendrome Claus (kupfurikidza nokuboora parusununguko rukuru) uye Kudzivirira kwakaenzana (kupfurikidza nokubvisa maruramiro evatano). Chisarudzo ichi chakaziva zvakajeka kuti “kodzero yokuroora" inobatanidza maruramiro okusarudza mukwanyina womumwe, uye kuti mugariro haugoni kubvisa vakwanyina vorudzi vamwe kubva kurudyi irworwo. Nhasi, varoorani vouviri voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga voga. Nhasi, nhasi, voga voga

Kodzero Dzevabereki Nokuchengetwa Kwevana

Mune 14th Amendment, vabereki vane fariro huru yorusununguko mutarisiro, kuchengetwa, uye kudzorwa kwavana vavo. Hurumende isati yagona kubvisa mwana mumusha, inofanira kubvumikisa kusafanira kwavabereki kupfurikidza noufakazi hwakajeka uye hunopwisa. Iyi mupimo wakakwirira unodzivisa hurumende kuputsa mhuri pasina ruramiso inomanikidzira. Mukakavadzano dzekodzero yokuchengeta mwana pakati pavabereki, matare anowanzoshandisa “fariro dzakanakisisa dzomwana”, asi havagoni kutsaura pahwaro hwedzinza, rudzidziso, kana kuti chimiro chevatano. Mhuri dzisingagarikidziri , kubatanidza vazukuru, kurera vabereki, uye varoorani voutevereverezvi.

Kurerwa Nevana Vasiri Vako uye Kutarisirwa

. . . . . . . . . . . .

Mhedziso Yegumi Negumi Neviri Nedenho Dzapamutemo Dzazvino Uno

Sezvo nzanga inochinja, matare anopfuurira kutsanangura Hurumende ye14 mumashoko matsva.Hedzi nzvimbo nhatu umo kugadziridzwa kwacho kunoramba kuchikosha zvikuru:

Kupa Kodzero

Kunyange zvazvo Findment yechigumi namanat Superference yaibatanidza chirango pakuvamba chehurumende dzairamba vhoti kuvana vechirume, Kudzivirira Kunoenzana kwave kuchishandiswa kudenha ganhuriro dzokuvhota. Dare Rapamusoro rakaziva kuti kodzero yokuvhota ikodzero huru, uye mutemo upi noupi unoshatisa kana kuti kurambira kuti maruramiro akavakirwa parudzi kana kuti mamwe anofungidzirwa anofanira kupukunyuka kuongororwa zvakasimba. Somuenzaniso, mu ] Shelby County v. Raker[FLT] [[3]], Dare rakarova chibvumirano cheReko reRevoration of the Voting Rights Act, asi Control Claus inoramba chishandiso chakasimba kudenha dzinza redzinza, chivhotati pamutemo chinovhota miteshina, uye chivhoootoro.

Chiito Chinosimbisa

Gadziriro dzechiito chakasimba mudzidzo, basa, uye kutorana zvakatarisana nedenho dzinodzokororwa dzebumbiro remitemo pasi peFelt Protection Claus. Dare rakaita kuti zvimiro zvakavakirwa parudzi muzvibvumikiso zvekoreji zvinofanira kugutsa kunzvera kwakakomba. [FLT]] Zvikamu zvamafaro zvaFair Adgicts v. Harvard[[FLT]][FLT]] [[FLT] [2023]], Dare rakagumisa nenzira inobudirira kushandiswa kwokuziva dzidzo yakakwirira, asi rakacherekedza kuti vadzidzi vaigona kukurukurazve rudzi murondedzero dzavo dzomunhu oga. Nzvimbo iyi inoramba ichi ichi ichi chichiita kuti kusaenzana kwamagadziro enhau pasina kudzivirira dziviriro dziviriro kwakaenzana.

Kutama uye Kubatana Kwemhuri

Kudzivirira kwe14th Amendment kwe “munhu upi noupi ari mukati moudzori hwayo” kunotambanukira kuvatami, pasinei zvapo nechimiro chapamutemo. Dare Rapamusorosoro rakarangarira kuti vana vasina kunyorwa vane maruramiro edzidzo yavose pasi pa . Plyler v. Doe [[FLT]] [1982], uye nyika dzisingagoni kuramba kodzero dzinokosha dzokuita zvinhu mukudzingwa. Kutenderwa kunodzivirirawo chinzwano chemhuri: U.S. vagari vemo venguva dzose vane fariro yemitemo mukurarama nemitezo yavo, uye miganhuro yehurumende inofanira kuwirirana mipimo yemitemo.

Nzira Yokusimbisa Nayo Kodzero Dzako Dzegumi Negumi Negumi

Kuziva kodzero dzako ndiko kurwa kwehafu bedzi; unofanira kuziva vo kuvadzivirira; hedzi nzira dzakanaka;

  1. Chitapurwa: Chengeta zvinyorwa zvokubatwa kupi nokupi kwokusarura kana kuti kusaruramisira kwetsika, kubatanidza misi, mazita, zvapupu, uye kurukurirano ipi neipi navakuru vakuru vehurumende.
  2. Tsvaka zano remitemo: Zvirevo zveMitemo ye 14 zvakaoma uye zvinoda nzwisiso huru yomutemo webumbiro remitemo. Kurukura kugweta rekodzero dzavagari vemo kana kuti sangano reyamuro yepamutemo kana usingagoni kubhadhara gweta.
  3. Fire kunyunyuta: Kupunzika kwakawanda kunogona kukurukurwa kupfurikidza namasangano ehurumende. Somuenzaniso, rusaruro rwemabasa runogona kushumwa kuUniverse Accomplication Options Commission (EOC), uye rusaruro rwedzidzo kuBato reDhipatimendi reDzidzidzo nokuda kwaMarurano eChiviri.
  4. Kurangarira: Kana mishonga yokudzora ikakundikana, unganyora dare pasi peTit 42 U.S.C. . . . . . . inobvumira vanhu vamwe navamwe kukwirira hurumende navakuru vakuru vomunzvimbomo nokuda kwokuputsa maruramiro ebumbiro remitemo. Vapublications vanogona kuwanazve kuvadziko, kuyamura kwechimuko, uye mitero yegweta.
  5. [[FLT: 0] Gara uchiziva: Tsananguro yeDare Gurusa reMitemo ye 14 inochinja nokufamba kwenguva. Tevera manyuko akavimbika akadai se Legal Information Institute [ nokuda kwokugadziridza mutemo pamusoro pemhosva.

mhedziso

Iweth Amendment idziviriro mhenyu inodzivirira mhuri yako pachiito chehurumende nechinosarura. Kudzivirira kwayo kwakaenzana kunovimbisa kuti mitemo inoshanda zvakaenzana kuna vose, pasinei zvapo nemamiriro ezvinhu ekare. Guta racho rinonzi Adrect Procesme rinovimbisa kubatwa kwakarurama uye rinodzivirira rusununguko runokosha runoita kuti upenyu hwemhuri hubvire nejene (Roora, kuva mubereki, kuzvitonga, uye kuva pedyo. Nepo kugadziridza kwacho kwose kunopfuurira kuumbwa nematare (*) uye dzimwe nguva kupesana kunopesana: Hurumende haigoni kukubata somunhu akakwana ane chiremera, uye anoenzana. Kunzwisisa izvi kudzivirira kunokusimbisa kuti uzvidzivirire, kwete bedzi nokuda kwevana vako nenzanga yako.