Kutanga: Basa reAustralia Munjodzi yeRohinga

Australia yakazvipa vamene nzvimbo refu sesimba rapakati rinovaka muIndo-Pacipec, uye mhinduro yayo youngwaru kunjodzi yeRohinga inopa nzvero yenhau mukudzikamisa kwaCanberra nheyo dzomutsa nefariro dzomunharaunda. Chifo cha 2017 chaimanikidzira kukunda kukunda 740 000 Rohingya kutiza kutiza Rakhine State muBangladesh, Australia yakapinda nomunhamburiko dzamarudzi akawanda, yamuro yakananga, uye kurukurirano dzakanyarara. Bva njodzi yacho ichiri isina kugadziriswa, naRohingya vapoteri musworball mus as as as asvetuka hondo yavagari vemo yapamberi pashure pokuvwa kwamauto 201. Nyaya inonzvera nhamburiko dzehurumende dzeAustralia, pesvedzero yavo inotyisa dzinovapo mberi.

Mamiriro Ezvinhu Enguva Yenjodzi yeRohinga

Rohingwa idzinza duku reMuslim rakawanda rakagara muReta reRakhine kwamazana amakore. Pasinei zvapo nenhau yavo refu, vakasarurwa, vakabviswa kuva vagari vemo mumutemo wekodzero yougarika weMyanmar wa1982, uye vakapiwa pamutemo se “Bengal vatami vasiri vapamutemo.” Uku kusava noruwa kwakaita kuti vave vanyajambwa kumasimba masimba enyika. [FLGO:1] Chinovamba chichangobva kupfuura apa pashure poruwa Rohdya muRoxigrya murwi runodenha miganhuro. Mauto akapinda munhimbe dzekuchengeteka. Varwi vakapinda munhimbe dze [[FGRT:]] , kuurayana, uye chisimba chevatano chakavakwa navagari vemo vazhinjisa vomunyika. [FLD.1] [51] icho United Nations yakakurumbira murudzi rwavanhu namabhuku okuparadza rudzi. Kubva muna December 2020 000 000 000, vakato vakabva muna Rhogradeast Breath, vanopinda muboka reBangladeri, vapokan, vanoto vapoteri vemo

Ruramisiro yenyika yose yakanga ichikurumidza kuparadzwa, asi chiito chine revo chakadzorwa nedanho rezvamatongerwe enyika reMyanmar, kuoma kwekurukurirano dzakavakirwa paASTEAn, uye kusada kwamasimba makuru kumanikidza nokuda kwezvirango zvakasimba. Dambudziko racho rakawedzerwawo namasangano ehondo anobudirira ehurumende mukubvuta hurumende 2021, uko kwakagumisa nhambo pfupi yechinjo dzechiuto ndokunyudza Myanmar murwisano yenyika yose ine zvombo. Muiyi mhoteredzo yakashatapukira, Rohinga anoramba akabatwa pakati peMyanmar junta namadzinza akasiana- siyana, pasina kariro inodokuva yakakotsekana yokuwana, yokuzvidira nokuzvidira kumisha yavo.

Vatanga Venyika YeAustralia Vasingabvumirwi

Kuvambana kweAustralia nenjodzi yeRohingya kunogona kupatsanurwa zvikuru kuva mbiru nhatu: multialidal advocacy, yamuro yomutsa, uye kutaurirana kworuwa . Nheyo imwe neimwe inoratidzira chishuvo chapamutemo cheAustralia chokutsigira nhevedzano yapasi pose nepo ichidzivisa rwisano yakananga nomuvakidzani anotapurika.

Kubatanidzwa Kwamarudzi Akawanda Nekodzero Dzevanhu

Australia yakashandisa nguva dzose inzwi rayo muChibatanwa chaMarudzi kusunda kuzvidavirira nedziviriro dzamaruramiro avanhu nokuda kweRohingya. PaUN Human Rights Council, Canberra co-ponses zvisarudzo zvinoraira kupera kwamasimba masimba uye nokuda kwehondo yeMyanmar kubvumira kusvika kuvanzveri vazvimiriri. Australia yakatsigirawo kutangwa kweIndependent International Resoct-Fiving Mission paMyanmar, iyo muna 2018 yakagumisa kuti mabasa ehondo akasvika pakuparadza rudzi. Muna 2019, Australia [[FLT: 0] coporation paGeneral Assembly yakakurudzira Myanmar kubatira pamwe nemitoo yokuzvidavirira, kunyange zvazvo yakamisa kupfupi kwechipfupi kugumisa kusarura kweSangano reNyika reNyika Dzose.

Kupfuura kutaura kwavose, Australia yakabetsera kuchengetedzwa kwemibato yenzanga yeUN nokuda kwemibato yenzanga muRakhine neCox’s Bazar. Yakagoverawo mari nokuda kweHofisi yeUN Special Rapporteur pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu ekodzero dzavanhu muMyanmar. Zvinokosha, Australia yakaisa zvirango zvakaitirwa donzo pavakuru vehondo veMyanmar uye masangano akabatana nejunta, kunyange zvazvo izvi zvirango zvakatsoropodzwa sezviduku zvikuru uye zvinononoka kusimuka. Kubvira muna 2023, Australia yakabvumira vanhu gumi navaviri vakakonenwa nehondo, asi ndaza inosara iri pfupi zvikuru kupfuura United States kana kuti yeEuropean Union.

Yamuro Yomutsa Kuvapoteri veRohinga

Australia ndiimwe yavapi vemipiro mikurusa yemibato yeyamuro. Kubvira muna 2017, Australia yakavimbisa kudarika mamirioni US $340 muyamuro nokubudirira nokuda kwenjodzi nokuda kwenjodzi, yakaendeswa kupfurikidza namasangano eUN, Red Cross, uye NGOs. Iyi mari inotsigira zvokudya, pokugara, dzidzo, uye mabasa okudzivirira vapoteri muBangladesh uyewo nzanga dzinogara. Chikamu chinokosha chakanangidzirwawo kusimbisa gadziriro dzokutarisira njodzi dzeBangladesh, kuziva dzvinyiriro yemisasa panzvimbo yenzvimbo yezviwi zvemo nemhoteredzo yomunzvimbomo.

Mutoo weyamuro weAustralia unosimbisa “murangariro wose wemarusando”, unobata nezvinodikanwa zvapakarepo apo inoisawo mari mukutsungirira kwenguva refu. Somuenzaniso, hurumende yeAustralia yakatsigira mapurogiramu edziviriro enzanga ye UNHCR [UNHCR] inobatanidza masangano enzanga [ anodzidzisa vakadzi vapoteri sevapari vemasimba masimba akavakirwa pavarume nevakadzi. Inotsigirawo mapurogiramu edzidzo nokuda kwavana Rohingya, avo vakabviswa zvikurukuru mudzidzo yepamutemo nomutemo weBangladesh. Australian NGOkity , kubatanidza masangano akafanana nePlan International and Save Children, ave achisimbisa zvirongwa zvehurumende, kazhinji kazhinji nehurumende yeAustralia.

Kudzvinyirirwa Nekudzvinyirirwa Nezvinoitwa Munharaunda

Ichiziva kuti njodzi yacho haigoni kupedzwa neyamuro yoga, Australia yakaronda mitoo yezvemibatanidzwa mukati meSangano reMarudzi eSoutheast Asia (ASAN) uye navatambi vakuru veruwa. Canberra akatsigira basa reASTEAN somutungamiriri asingatori rutivi, kubatanidza basa reASIAN Cooridating Centre for Humanitarian Application paramending. Zvisinei, Australia yavewo inotsoropodza “kusawirirana” kwegamuchidzanwa kwaACENUAN apo inoguma nokuoma. Muna 2020, Mumiririri weAustralia weMicionangeri weNyika dzeMamwe Marudzi akabudisa mashoko eCanada, New Zealand, United, uye vamwe, vachikurudzira kuti itungamirire zvakanaka kumugariro weruwa weRokya.

Nokufamba kwenguva, Australia yakaramba ichikurukurirana zvakanaka neMyanmar. Mumakore asati atorwa, vamiririri veAustralia vaigara vachimutsa funganyo dzekodzero dzevanhu nehurumende yeMyanmar uye utungamiriri hwehondo. Australia yakatambanudzawo dzidzo yezvounyanzvi nokuda kwegadziriro yokuyananisa yeMyanmar, yakadai sokutsigira Peace Proce ProceSce Suctive Group paKayin State ikarega kupfunga. Pashure pokunge 2021 yokubvuta urongwa hwehurumende, Australia yakaregeredza kuyamura kwakananga kumauto eMyanmar uye yakaisa zvirango, asi yakachengeta mikoto yakazarurirwa nevatambi vasiri venyika uye mapoka enzanga. IAustraliawo yakaita kuti irambe iripo vanhu vanopfuura 1 000 kubva kuMyanmar[FLTB] pashure pokuvhoterano, kubatanidza vagari veAustralia, vagari vemo vemondi venguva dzose, uye vagari vemo vemo yeRoshatsi, pakati pavo, vamwe vapoteri vehurumende.

Kushandira Pamwe Kwenyika Yose Noushamwari

Kubudirira kweAustralia munjodzi yeRohingya kunowedzerwa nokubatira pamwe kwayo yapedyo nenyika dzakafanana nesangano ramarudzi ose. Australia-Bangladesh bipanedaal] ukama hwetsika ichinhu chakakomba. Vagari veBangladesh vanopfuura miriyoni imwe Rohingaya uye vakabetsera kutarisira kuvadziko yakatarwa nokutema masango, uye vakabatanidzazve kudzokera kunokurumidza kwevapoteri kuMyanmar. Australia yakakurudzira Bangladesh kuchengeta musengwa wayo apo inoshandawo neDhaka. Canberra akagovera bhajeti kuti ibetsere kutarisira kuvadziko yakapoteredza yakaparirwa nokutema masango, uye yakaparira kurukurirano yezvokugadziridza mamiriro ezvinhu anotsigirwa nemishonga.

Mukati megadziriro yeUN, Australia inoshanda mumaoko-amburera ne International Organization for Migration (IOM) neUNHCR. Muna 2018, Australia yakagovera mari kuti itange nzvimbo itsva youtano muCox’s Bazar kuti ibatane negumo rechite. Inotsigirawo Division Plan yeRovice yaRovinja Humanitarian Crisis, chikumbiro chegore negore chinobatanidzwa neUN. Mumirimo weAustralia muDhaka inonzvera nokushingaira kuchengeteka nemamiriro ezvinhu avanhu mumisasa uye inorongedzesa mashoko kudzokera kumuitiro wemiitiro muCarberner.

Australia idiviwo mutsigiri anoshingaira mu Community ye Rhoues ne Global Convention for Save, Orderly and Fource, ose ari maviri ane zvirongwa zvemitoro inotarwa mumigariro yokubviswa kwemibato. Nepo mitemo yeAustralia imene yemuganhu yakatsorororo yakashorwa kuva inoganhurira, yamuro nepurogiramu dzayo dzeRohingya dzinomira mukusiana. Kubvira muna 2017, Australia yakagovera nzvimbo dzokuvakwazve nokuda kwedzimwe dzevapoteri dzinotapukumira njodzi zvikurusa, zvikurukuru vakadzi navana vari mungozi, uye vapukupukunyuka njodzi.

Zvinetso Nezvakaganhurirwa Mukusvika kweAustralia

Pasinei zvapo nenhamburiko dzinorumbidzwa, kukurukurirana kweAustralia munjodzi yeRohingya kwakatarisana nemhinganidzo huru uye kwave kuri nhau yemadhipatimendi. zvinetso zvikuru [[[FLT: 1] zvinooneka.

Chokwadi Chamatongerwe Enyika cheMyanmar

Denho isingadzoreki zvikurusa idenho yezvamatongerwe enyika mukati Myanmar. Pashure pokunge 2021 mauto atora chigaro cheRokhinya, State Administration Council (SAC) junta haina kuratidza fariro yechokwadi mukuita chinyorwa cheRohingwa. Mukupesana, junta yakatsiva chinetso kupfurikidza nokuwedzera denho paRokhine State yasara yeRohlinga uye kuvapinza nechisimba muvhoti mauto. junta inoratidzirawo Rohingya sechikamu chechishanu, nhauro iyo inopfuudzazve rwisano inowirirana. Australia, pamwe chete nenzanga zhinjisava yamarudzi ose, haisati ichiziva jumya sehurumende inowirirana nehurumende inodzongokwa. Hurudzo dzapamutemo dzakava nyika dzose dzakaparadzwa zvikuru.

Zvinetso Zvokudzvinyirirwa Zvizhinji

Dare reSacuti reSangano reSangano reSangano reMarudzi rinoramba rakavharwa muMyanmar, China neRussia dzichidzivirira junta pakushorwa kana kuti kuiswa kwezvombo. Australia, somutezo usiri weSarejimende Council muna 2013-2014, yave yakaganhurirwa, uye haisati iri paDare. Kukwanisa kweUN kumanikidza kuzvidavirira Rohinga yakaoma. Kunyange zvisarudzo paHuman Rights Council hazvisi kutsigira. Kusarudza kweAustralia kwave kuri kwokufananidzira kupfuura kushandura mufambiro pavhu.

Mikaha Yemari Yevapoteri Nekuneta Kwevapoteri

Pasinei zvapo nemhiko dzeAustralia, mhinduro yose zvayo haichadaviriswi. Chirongwa cheJoint Response for the Rohingya True Plan yegore negore inowanzoita 60% yedanho racho. Sezvo njodzi yacho inopinda mugore rayo rechinomwe, kuneta kwevapi vanopa kuri kuvamba. Australia imene yakatarisana nedzvinyiriro yemhuri yokugovera zviwanikwa zvakawanda kumarudzi echitsuwa chePacific anotapurwa nokuchinja kwemamiriro okunze uye kuvagari vemo emo yemusha. Uyezve, mari yeyamuro yeAustralia inowanzoda kuderera serutivi rwechikamu chikuru chechisungo. Muna 202020-201, Hurumende yeAustralia inodzokorodza dzidzo yemari yemari yezvirongwa zvitsva nokuda kwechirongwa cheCHOVID, ichitapura mamwe mabasa emoridzimba.

Vapoteri VomuAustralia Vari Mumuganhu Wenyika

Imwe yedzongonyedzo hurusa mumhinduro yeAustralia ipokanidza pakati peyamuro yayo yorupo nemitemo yayo yorupo yokudzora muganhu. Australia inochengeta kusvika kwazero-tore-refu kusvika kwapasi kwemhindu. , ichiita vatsvaki vose vachengetedzi vanosvika neigwa vari mungarava vari kure nenzvimbo dzokuchengetera vanhu (zvino muNauru). Iyi purogiramu yakatsoropodzwa zvikuru namapoka ekodzero dzavanhu semunamuresi uye senogadza muenzaniso wakaipa nokuda kwedzimwe nyika. Apo Rohingya yakaedza kusvika kuAustralia neigwa neigwa neIndonesia kana kuti Sri Lanka, vakadzorwa ndokudzorwa kushaidzwa.

Chiono Chenguva Yemberi Nezvinorumbidzwa

Kutarira mberi, njodzi yeRohingya inoratidzika kuva sezvingabvira inoramba iri denho yamakore gumi.

Kubatanidzwa Kusingabvumirwi

Australia inofanira kuchengeta uye kunyange kuwedzera nhamburiko dzayo dzemibatanidzwa, zvikurukuru kupfurikidza noMusangano weASAN ne Summit yeAsia yeEastern Asia . Maplatifomu aya anopa mikana yokumanikidza nokuda kwemhinduro yakasimba zvikuru yeruwa, kubatanidza bviro yenhume chaiyo yeRoshima ine donzo rakajeka. Australia yaigonawo kushandisa kubatana kwayo nemitezo miduku yeATEAA [FLT] kuvaka mibatanidzwa inodenha mhinduro yenharaunda yeH.

Tsigiro Nokuda Kwokuzvidavirira

Australia inogona kuita basa rinovaka mukutsigira zvirongwa zvokuzvidavirira kunze kweDare reChesement. Somuenzaniso, ingagona kuwedzera mari nokuda kwe Inicigative Mechanism yeMyanmar (IIMM), iyo inounganidza ufakazi hwemhosva dzamarudzi ose. Australia yakatogovera mamirioni Z $2 kuIMM, asi yakawanda ingagona kuitwa. Canberra aigonawo kutsigira mhaka inopfuurira yaGambian Gambia muDare reNyika yose reRumbiso (ICJ) pasi peGenecide Convention. Australia haisiri mubatanidzwa wemhosva yacho, asi ingagona kugovera betsero yemari kana kuti yezvokushandisa kuboka rapamutemo reGambian.

Dziviriro Nenzira Zvevapoteri

Mudzimba, Australia inofanira kurangarira kuwedzera purogiramu yayo yokutsiva nokuda kwaRohinga vapoteri. Kudya kwazvino uno kwegore negore munjodzi iduku zvikuru ($55-fewer inopfuura 200 paavhareji pagore. Purogiramu yavapoteri ine udyire nevhiza yomutsa haisati ichizobetsera bedzi vanyajambwa zvikurusa asi kutumira chiratidzo chakasimba kuvakwanyina venharaunda pamusoro pokuremedza mitoro. Panguva imwe cheteyo, Australia inofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti mitemo yayo yomuganhu haikuvadzi Rohingya nenzira inoshanda vamanikidzirwa kutizazve kubva murwisano muMyanmar kana kuti migariro inoipa muBangladesh.

Kugadzirisa Zvisakiso Zvikuru

Zvigadzikiso zvenguva refu zvinoda kupedza zvisakiso zvikuru zvokusavapo norusaruro muMyanmar. Australia inogona kutsigira mapoka enzanga anoshanda kusimudzira nzwisiso yenzanga muRakhine State, kunyange kana kusinganangiri kubva mhiri kwemuganhu. Inogonawo kutsigira zvirongwa zvinonyora maruramiro avanhu zvisina kufanira uye kuchengeta yeuko yetsika dzaRohinga, idzo mauto aedza nenzira yakarongwa kudzima. Nepo Australia isingagoni kupedza chinetso chimwe chezvamatongerwe enyika cheMyanmar, inogona kuva rutivi rwenhamburiko huru yamarudzi ose yokuita kuti pave nemamiriro ezvinhu edemocracy, akarecial, uye Myanmar ine rugare umo Roiya anogona kusunungura kuva kwavo vagari vemo.

mhedziso

Nhamburiko dzehurumende yeAustralia munjodzi yeRohingya dzakava huru muyamuro yomutsa uye kudzora kwakawanda kwevapoteri, asi dzakakundikana kuwana fambiro mberi yechokwadi nokuda kweRohinga. Njodzi inoramba iri chiyeuchidzo chakajeka chemiganhu yesimba rehurumende apo inotarisana nehurumende ine utsinye nemhinduro yamarudzi ose. Kuti Australia ive inobudirira zvikuru, inofanira kuyanana kutaura kwayo nemitemo yayo inoganhurira, yakakudza tsigiro yayo nokuda kwemipimo yemipimo yenhau, uye kuchengeta dzvinyiriro yenguva dzose kupfurikidza nemikoto yeruwa neyakawanda. Rohingya inofanirwa zvikuru nezvipikirwa namashoko zvamarudzi ose. inofanira kufamba kuchengeteka, uye kukudzwa nechiremera chapanguva yemberi. Australia ichapfuurira kugadziridzwa kupfurikidza nokururamiswa kwadzo dzayo namakore.

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