Good Friver Augness, yakasainwa pana April 10, 1998, inorangarirwa zvikuru seimwe yenziyo dzinobudirira zvikurusa dzorugare dzapamberi pezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri. Yakagumisa makore makumi matatu emasimba masimba esekete anozivikanwa seNhamo dzeChinetso muNorthern Ireland, ichitanga gadziriro yokudzora simba, kodzero dzavanhu, uye kukanda pasi. Chibvumirano chacho chakafuridzira nyanzvi, vazivi, uye chisarudzo chenhau kumativi ose enyika. Nyaya ino inogovera kuenzanisa kukuru pakati peChibvumirano Chakanaka cheChishanu uye rumwe rusarudzo rwenyika runoverengeka runobvumira, kubatanidza Oslo Revitions, Dayss Reconvement, Chibvumirano chorugare, uye kuderera kweColombiant Reconst Reformation, uye kukurukurirana kweAfrica. Nokunzvera izvi zvibvumirano nerutivi rwenyika, tinogona kuwana zvidzidzo zvine rechokwadi pamusoro pezvinoitwa kuti pave norugare zvinobudirira zvikuru.

Mativi Makuru Ebvumirano Yakanaka YeChishanu

Chibvumirano cheGood Weshanu, chinozivikanwa nenzira yakarongeka seBelfast Agreement, chakanga chiri mugumo wekurukurirano dzezvikamu zvakawanda dzinobatanidza hurumende dzeBritain neIreland, pamwe chete namasangano makuru ezvamatongerwe enyika muNorthern Ireland. Chivako chayo chakanga chine udzame namaune, chichikurukura kwete bedzi kukwidziridzwa kwapakarepo kwamasimba masimba asiwo kuchinja kwenhambo refu kwezvamatongerwe enyika nenzanga kwenharaunda yacho.

Masangano Anoshandisa Simba

Chikuru kubvumirano chakanga chiri kuumbwa kwesangano remitemo rakaderera neromukuru mukuru, nesimba rinosungirwa kubatira pamwe namapoka evoruzhinji. Iyi gadziriro yakavimbisa kuti nzanga dzose dziri mbiri dzaiva nedanda mukudzora, kuchideredza bviro yerimwe divi kuisa kuda kwaro pane rumwe. Mushumiri wokutanga naSectader Minister Wokutanga vanosarudzwa pamwe chete, uye zvisarudzo zvikuru zvinoda tsigiro inoyambuka, kupfurikidza nebvumirano inowirirana kana kuti kuvhota kukurusa.

Kuchinja Kwetsika Neruramisiro

Chibvumirano chakaraira kunyanyova kwakakwana kweRoyal Ulster Consabulary (RUC), uko kwakaonekwa navarwi vazhinji venyika sesimba rinovhozhokera. Rumbidzo dzePatten Commission dzakatungamirira kukuumbwa kweProce Service yeNorthern Ireland (PSNI), nesimbiso huru pakodzero dzavanhu, mapurisa enzanga, uye kumirira kwakaenzana. Dare idzva rePolicision neHofisi yePolice Ombudsman zvakatangwa kuvimbisa kuzvidavirira.

Kubviswa Kwehondo Kwamapoka Ehondo

Mapoka ose akazvipira kubvisa zvombo zvehondo, muitiro wakanga uchinonoka uye wakazadzwa nokusavimbana mune zvamatongerwe enyika. The Independent International Commission on Decomissing (ICD) yakatarisira kuparadzwa kwezvombo, neIrish Republican Army (IRA) ichi chakapedza kukanda zvombo pasi muna 2005. Iyi nhano yaikosha zvikuru nokuda kwokuvaka chivimbo chokuti mitoo yezvamatongerwe enyika ichatsiva kurwisana nezvombo.

Kodzero Dzevanhu Nokuenzana

Chibvumirano chacho chakabatanidza European Convention on Human Rights mumutemo wemumhuri, chakatanga Dare Rekodzero Dzevanhu rokuNorthern Ireland, uye chakatanga Dare Rokukodzerana. Bhili Rekodzero Dzevanhu reNorthern Ireland rakakarakadzwa, kunyange zvazvo risati ranyatsoitwa. Chibvumirano chacho chakarongazve matare emhosva uye chakatanga maitiro matsva evapukunyuki nevapukunyuki.

Kuenzanisa neOslo Aprounds (93-19995)

Oslo Scences, yakasainwa pakati paIsrael neParestina Fromment Organization (PLO), inomirira kumwe kuedza kukuru kupedza rwisano yapanyika yose. Kufanana neChibvumirano chaGood Chishanu, Oslo muitiro waibatanidza kurukurirano dzakananga pakati pevaichimbova vavengi uye chinangwa kutanga chinjo yakatemwa kurugare. Zvisinei, miuyo yezvibvumirano zviviri inomira mukupesana kukuru.

Kufanana Muumbi

Zvibvumirano zvose zviri zviviri zvakagadzira gadziriro dzinobatanidza kuzvitungamirira: Chiremera chePalestine chakatangwa nokuda kweWest Bank neGaza, kufanana neNorthern Ireland Assembly. Zvirongwa zvose zviri zviviri zvakafunga nezvekurukurirano yokupedzisira yokupedza nhau huru dzakadai semiganhu, Jerusalem, uye vapoteri (mumashoko akapoteredza eIsrael-Palesitinan) kana kuti mugariro webumbiro remitemo weNorthern Ireland (Muchibvumirano Chakanaka cheChishanu). Zvose zviri zviviri zvakataurawo pamusoro pechiwirichero chechengeteko nedziro yedzivisi dzevatambi vasiri venyika.

Misiyano Mikuru

Oslo Accounts yakatambura nokushaikwa kwemasangano echikwata chenyika kumativi ose ari maviri, Hamas uye mamwe masangano eIsrael, vakanga vasiri vatsigiri kubvumirano uye vaiparadza muitiro wacho nokushingaira. Mukupesana, Good Wearth Account yakavakwa pamubatanidzwa mukuru uyo waibatanidza kwete bedzi varwi navabatanidzwa vorudzi navatsigiri vorumwe rudzidziso asi vakavimbikawo vehondo dzechiuto navehurumende yeRepublic kumativi avo ose ari maviri. Kupfuurirazve, vaGuaratorssss (* United States muNorthern Ireland, uye Norway neUnited States muOslo·nowrated yakabudisa mabasa akasiyana zvikuru. Muitiro weOslowo wakangawo usina gadziriro yakasimba yesimba rehurumende nerejistativeritina mukati mamiriro enyika; panzvimbo pezvo, yakaita nzvimbo mbiri dzinodzokororana nemhete nedzo dzinova dzinopfuudza kurwisana.

Zvakaguma Zvaitika uye Zvatinodzidza

Oslo Accountions pakupedzisira yakawira muNhevedzano yeChipiri, uye zvibvumirano zvakatevera zvakadai seGraadmap for Peace zvakakundikana kumutsazve muitiro. Chidzidzo chikuru kubva mukuenzanisa Oslo neChibvumirano Chakanaka cheChishanu ndicho chinokosha chakakomba chakasimbiswa, chakasimbiswa kukanda kana kuti kukanda pasi uye kwenhau dzokupedzisira [ pamberi pokuvimba.] Muitiro weOslo unosiya nhau dzinokakavara zvikurusa kurutivi rwokupedzisira, idzo dzisina kutongoitika, apo mugariro wakaisvonaka weChiitiro chamagariro cheChishanu wakapedza nhau yemitemo (Nord Ireland]] yaizoramba isingaitwi pasina kuvhotemwa kukuru) uye gadziriro inosimbiswa kubva pakuvamba.

Kuenzanisa Nechibvumirano CheDayton (1995)

Dayton Aupplitions yakagumisa Hondo yeBosnia, imwe yerwisano dzakauraya zvikurusa muEurope chifo cheHondo yeNyika II. Chibvumirano chakakurukurwa mudzvinyiriro huru yamarudzi ose paWright-Patterson Air Force Base muOhio, USA. Kufanana neGood Wear Appect, yakatanga gadziriro yakaoma kunzwisisa yesimba resimba reChishanu rakagadzirirwa kugarisa mapoka amadzinza akawanda.

Zvirongwa Zvinofambisa Simba

Bosnia neHerzegovina zvakakamurwa kuva mapoka maviri: Federation yeBosnia neHerzegovina (zvikurukuru Bosnia neCroatia) neRepublika Srpska Srpska (zvikurukurukuru Serpb), yakabatanidzwa nehurumende isina simba. Chigadziko cheChishanu iboka remitezo mitatu neBosnia imwe, Croatia, uye imwe Serb. Iri rinoratidzira muenzaniso wechibvumirano chechinongechete cheNorthern Ireland, asi nemusiyano yakakomba: simba reDayton-sharing rinobva panzvimbo yeruwa, nepo Chibvumirano Chakanaka chinoshanda mukati nharaunda imwe, yakavhengana negadziriro inochinjika zvikuru yezita (inteon, chikwata chorudzi, kana kuti imwe).

Kushandisa uye Kugadzikana

Dayton Applications yakabudirira kugumisa masimba masimba makuru echikwikwi, asi gadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika yakabvumikisa kuva isina kubatana kukuru. Masangano edzinza anoramba akadzika midzi; chishandiso chehurumende chinodzorwa, chakashata, uye kazhinji kazhinji chinodzorwa nezvikwata. Kuita zvisarudzo muBosnia kunoda bvumirano yakafara, asi inowanzova isati yave ichishaikwa. Chibvumirano chacho hachina kubatanidza gadziriro dzakasimba dzekukanda zvombo pasi kana kuti ruramisiro yokuchinja, uye nzanga yamarudzi ose (* kupfurikidza neHofisi yoMumiririri Mukuru weZati weZakisi) inotofanira kuisazve mitemo kuti irambe ichishanda.

Mukupesana, Chibvumirano cheGood Chirefu chaMasimba ave achichinjika zvikuru. Nepo chakatarisana nenjodzi dzenhambo nenhambo (kuputsika kweGurukota muna 2017-2020, somuenzaniso), masangano acho akabvumikisa kuva akasimba, uye mapati ezvamatongerwe enyika akagamuchira kazhinji kazhinji kuva pamutemo kwegadziriro. Chidzidzo chikuru kubva kuna Dayton ndechokuti ganhuriro ye yakabatanidzwa nezvikamu zvedzinza zvakaoma kupfurikidza ne[ inogona kuisa chidzivisi mutsekakavara panzvimbo pokuipedza. Mufananidzo wemuchinjikwa wemuchinjikwa nechiratidzo chokuzvidira chinopa chiwiriranwa cheteshinga chenyika inochinja.

Kuenzanisa Nechibvumirano Chorugare cheColombia (2016)

Colombian Peace Agreement pakati pehurumende neRhood Forces of Colombia (FARC) inopa muenzaniso wemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi zvikuru wegadziriro yorugare rwakazara. Yakasainwa muna 2016, yakagumisa makore anopfuura makumi mashanu erwisano yezvombo. Kufanana neGood Friday Acception, yakabatanidza gadziriro dzokuzvikandwa kwehondo, kutora rutivi kwezvamatongerwe enyika, uye kudzorwa kwanyajambwa.

Kukanda Zvombo Pasi Neruramisiro Yokuchinja

Zvibvumirano zvose zviri zviviri zvakaisa kukanda zvombo pasi panzvimbo yebasa. MuColombia, FARC yakadzorera zvombo kuChibatanwa chaMarudzi, uye hurumende chaiyo yorugare (JEP) yakaumbwa kuti iedze kuparira mhaka dzakakomba. Good Friver Augment yakagadzirawo muitiro wokubvisa basa wamarudzi ose, kunyange zvazvo mapoka echiuto ai kunze kwomuitiro wezvamatongerwe enyika (mr., maparabhuriki echipabhuriki) akaramba achishingaira zvikuru. Zvisinei, muitiro weColombia wave une shungu zvikuru mukupedza zvinangwa zvokugadzirisa zvinhu zvinoparira (kuruwa, kubudirira kwezvipfuu), uye chirimwa chipameso chisiri pamutemo chinotsiva, kunyange zvazvo Dare reChishanu rakanaka rakataura zvikuru pamusoro penhau dzezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kutora Rutivi Rwezvematongerwe Enyika

Chibvumirano cheColombia chakabvumira FARC kuchinja kuva mubato wezvamatongerwe enyika, kuvapa zvigaro gumi muCongress pasina kusarudzwa kwemashoko maviri. Ikoku kwakafanana nenzira iyo Good Friver Augment yakagovera nayo nzvimbo nokuda kwamapoka ehondo (seSinn Féin) kumakwikwi. Muzvinoitika zvose zviri zviviri, kubatanidzwa kwaichimbova kwavarwi mumatongerwe enyika edemocracy kwave kuchimutsa nharo asi pakupedzisira kwakaparira kupfuudza.

Zvinetso Nokuzorodzwa

Gadziriro yorugare yeColombia yakatarisana nedenho dzakakomba: kuurawa kwaichimbova varwi venyika, kunonoka kugadziridza nyika, uye kumuka kwamapoka matsva ane zvombo. Chibvumirano cha2016 chakakurirwa zvikuru mudanho ravose, ipapo chakaitwa naCongress(apolatenting). Asi chakapukunyuka, mukusafanana nedzimwe bvumirano dzakawanda. Good Wearth Account yakatsungirirawo kuparadzwa kweGungano uye chisimba rakaderera raipfuurira. Chisaririra chinozivikanwa navose chinoratidzika kuva chitsigiro chakasimba chamarudzi ose: European Union neUnited States yakaita mabasa makuru muNorthern Ireland, uye UN navapi vemarudzi ose vave vaidikanwa zvikuru muColombia.

Kuenzanisa neNhungamiro Yokuchinja yeSouth Africa (1993 - 1994)

Kuchinja kweSouth Africa kubva kurusaruraganda kuenda kuhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu kunowanzodudzwa somuitiro worugare, kunyange zvazvo kwakanga kuri kubvumirana kushoma pane nhevedzano yekurukurirano yakaguma muIntertim Constitution ya1994 uye sarudzo.

Kuwirirana Nenzvimbo Dzokutanda

Miitiro yose iri miviri yakabatanidza kurukurirano dzakawanda dzaibatanidza vatambi vane nhau dzechisimba. African National Congress (ANC) nehurumende yorusaruraganda zvakabatikana muhurukuro pashure pamakore erwisano yehondo nokudzvinyirira. muNorthern Ireland, mapoka ose makuru ehondo anonzi kumira mwoto, uye vamiriri vavo vezvamatongerwe enyika vakatora rutivi muhurukuro. Ganhuro yeSouth Africa yakabudisa Gurumon of National Unity kwamakore mashanu, wirirano yemubatanidzwa wemubatanidzwa wehurumende muNorthern Ireland.

Kururamisira Kwechienzi Nokuyananisa

South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) yakapa kanganwiro mukutsinhana zvokwadi yakazara pamusoro pokuputswa kwamaruramiro avanhu. Northern Ireland yave ine mibvunzo yakawanda asi isina dare rezvokwadi yakakwana. Vamwe vanotaura kuti Chibvumirano Chakanaka cheChishanu chingadai chakabetserwa nomuitiro wokutaurira zvokwadi wepamutemo, nepo vamwe vanocherekedza kuti TRC yeSouth Africa yaibvira bedzi nemhaka yokuti dzikamo yesimba yakabvumira kusunungurwa nokuda kwamauto echengeteko navatungamiriri verwi. Kuenzanisa kunosimbisa ukoshingamira mberi kwokuita ruramisiro kuzvinhu zvomunzvimbomo.

Misiyano Yezvemari Nenzanga

Chinjo yeSouth Africa yakabatanidzwa nechinjo huru dzenzanga nedzemari neDromendi yeProject, kugadziridzwa kwenyika, uye simba rezvemari. Chibvumirano chaGood Chishanu chaibatanidza kuenzana negadziriro dzavanhu asi haina kupedza zvakananga kuderera kukuru kwezveupfumi muNorthern Ireland. Zvisinei, nokufamba kwenguva, rugare rwave ruchikosha, nemutengo wemari yakawedzerwa uye kushanyira. Chidzidzo ndechokuti zvibvumirano zvorugare zvinofanira kubatanidzwa nemazano makuru okubatanidza mari kuti itsigirwe.

Zvidzidzo Zvakadzidzwa Muzvibvumirano Zvokuva Norugare Munyika Yose

Nokuongorora Chibvumirano Chakanaka cheChishanu parutivi pezvinoitwa neOslo, Dayton, Colombia, uye South Africa, nheyo dzinoverengeka dzomunyika yose dzinomuka:

  • Kutaurirana kwaibatanidza kubvira pakutanga: Kudzima vatambi vakuru(apo vakaitika neOslo/Gavey Regionations). Chibvumirano chaGood Chishanu chaibatanidza mapoka ose airamba masimba masimba, achigadza chikumbaridzo chakajeka.
  • Gadziriro yokuronga yakajeka nokuchinjika: muganhu wedzinza wakaoma weDayton wakabudisa bhodhi rafa, nepo gadziriro yeChibvumirano cheGood Chishanu Chibvumirano chinobvumira kunzwika. Zvigaro chaizvo zveColombia zvaichimbova magandanga zvakamutsa nharo asi zvakabatanidza FARC.
  • Kugadziridzwa kwezvokukanda zvombo nenzvimbo yechengeteko kwakasimbiswa: Miitiro yose inobudirira inovimbisa kuti varwi vanokanda zvombo uye kuti mapurisa nehondo zvinochinjwa kuva zvinoda kutsiva. Chitendero cheGood Wear Agreement chinononoka asi chakatsiga kubvisa chivimbo chakavakwa.
  • Kodzero dzavanhu neyananiso: THERC yeSouth Africa neJEP yeColombia zvinoratidza ukoshi hwokutaura kuutsinye hwomunguva yakapfuura. Kushaikwa kweNorthern Ireland kwomuitiro wezvokwadi kwakaramba kuri mukaha unotapura ukama hwenzanga.
  • [[FLT: 0] Yakabatanidza kuvimbisana kwamarudzi ose: Chibvumirano chiri chose chorugare chinobudirira chaiva navapi kana kuti vagari vaibatanidzwa kwamakore. EU neU dzave dzichitsoropodza muNorthern Ireland; UN neNorway muColombia; US mumuitiro weDayton.
  • Zvisakiso zvepanzeri: Economic, nyika, uye kusaenzana kwenzanga zvinofanira kubatwa pamwe chete negadziridzo dzezvamatongerwe enyika. Chibvumirano chekubudirira kwomumaruwa, nepo chichiitwa zvisina kutsarukana, chakanga chiri rutivi runodikanwa.

Mugumisiro: Kugamuchirwa Kusingaperi Kwechibvumirano Chakanaka CheChishanu

Chibvumirano cheGood Chishanu Chibvumirano chinoramba chiri chikomberedzo chokuita rugare nemhaka yokuti chabatanidza gadziriro huru nekuda kwezvamatongerwe enyika kuti ibvumirane. Haina kubvisa chose chose masekete kana kuti masimba masimba azvino uno ezvamatongerwe enyika paNorthern Ireland Protocol inoratidzira kusagadzikana kunopfuurira, asi yakagovera mudziyo wakasimba wokukunda nawo rwisano. Nokuienzanisa nedzimwe bvumirano, tinoona kuti hapana muenzaniso mumwe unogona kusimudzirwa muchadenga. Kunyange zvakadaro zvinhu zvikuru zvinoumba − kubatana, simba, kuderedza, kodzero dzavanhu, uye kutsigira kwamarudzi ose zvagara zvichiwanikwa mudzimba dzorugare dzinosimba. Sezvo kubuda kutsva navakuru vanopfuurira, zvidzidzo zva1998zichiripo nokuda kwokuvakwa kworugare kwose kwose.