Table of Contents

Bazu redare rinomira seimwe yembiru nhatu dzinokosha dzehurumende yeAmerica, dzichibatira somuchengeti weruramisiro nomuturikiri wemitemo yorudzi rwedu. Nokuda kwavagari vemo vezuva riri rose, kunzwisisa kuti tsika iyi yakaoma kunzwisisa inoshanda sei kunogona kureva musiano pakati pokufambisa nenzira inobudirira denho dzapamutemo nokunzwa uchikurirwa nemiitiro yezvomutemo. Kana uri kutarisana nenharo duku, uchigadzirira basa redare, kana kuti kungotsvaka zvako kunzwisisa kodzero dzako dzapamutemo, kuva nezivo inoshanda yegadziriro yokutonga inogona kukusimbisa kupinda muukwaniri inobudirira zvikuru nemiitiro yemitemo inoumba nzanga yedu.

Iyi nhungamiro yakakwana ichakufambisa mumativi anokosha ebazu rinotonga, kubva mugadziriro yaro yokugadzira kusvikira kumirayiridzo inoshanda yokuwana zviwanikwa zvapamutemo ndokutora rutivi mukutonga kwedare.

Kuumbwa Kwegadziriro Yokutonga yeAmerica

United States inoshanda mugadziriro yehurumende yomubatanidzwa umo simba rinogoverwa pakati pehurumende dzehurumende nehurumende, nezvose zviri zviviri zvichichengeta gadziriro dzazvo dzakasiana dzedare.

Matare Ehurumende: Dare Renyika reMusangano

Dare redare rehurumende panguva ino rakaumbwa neDare Rapamusorosoro reUnited States, 13 Dare reZvikwiro reU.S. (nhamba yepane imwe cheteyo yepane imwe), 94 Courts of Office (mwero wedare redare redare), uye 91 Bankruptic Courts. Mwero mumwe nomumwe unoshanda basa rakananga mukati megadziriro huru yeruramisiro yomubatanidzwa.

Dare repamusorosoro reUnited States idare rinotonga rakakwirira zvikurusa munyika uye rinotungamirira bazu redare rehurumende. Dare rinoumbwa navatongi vapfumbamwe vanohwirudzura nhau dzinobatanidza mibvunzo yebumbiro remitemo nomutemo wehurumende. Nepo zviuru zvenhau zvichikwidzwa kuDare Rapamusorosoro gore rimwe nerimwe, vatongi vanoshandisa chisarudzo mukusarudza mhaka dzipi dzokutonga, zvikurukuru vachinangidzira ngwariro panhau dzoukoshi hukuru hwenyika kana kuti apo matare akaderera akabudisa zvisarudzo zvinorwisana.

Kune matare 13 anotungamirira anogara pasi peDare repamusorosoro reUnited States, anonzi matare ezvikumbiro, uye basa redare redare repadare rokutonga nderokusarudza kana mutemo wakashandiswa zvakarurama mudare rinotonga kana kuti sangano rehurumende. aya matare haasati achidzokorodza kana kuti kunzwa ufakazi hutsva; panzvimbo pezvo, anohwirudzura miitiro yapamutemo nezvisarudzo zvakaitwa nematare akaderera kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti mutemo unoshandiswa zvakarurama.

Matare 94 oruwa kana kuti edare rokutonga enyika ino anonzi matare oruwa eU.S. anopedza nharo kupfurikidza nokusarudza maidi nokushandisa mutemo kumaidi iwayo. Kune maruwa 94 ehurumende anotonga, kubatanidza runenge rumwe ruwa munyika imwe neimwe, District yeColumbia nePuerto Rico. Iwawaya ndiwo matare apo mhaka dzehurumende dzinovamba, apo ufakazi hunopiwa, zvapupu zvinopupurira, uye madare anopa mhedziso.

Kune matare 90 okubhuroka eUnited States anobetsera vanhu namabhizimisi asingagoni kubhadhara zvikwereti zvavo kuwana mavambo matsva.

Dare reHurumende: Uko Ngozi zhinjisa Dzinonzwiwa

Nepo Bumbiro reMitemo nemirau yehurumende zvichidzora matare ehurumende, matare ehurumende anogadzwa kuva anobvumirana nebumbiro remitemo rehurumende rimwe nerimwe, uye kufanana nematare ehurumende, matare ehurumende akashanduka - chinja sezvo rudzi rwacho rwakakura. Mizhinjisa yenhau dzapamutemo muUnited States inotongerwa zvomenemene mumatare ehurumende panzvimbo pematare ehurumende.

Gadziriro dzematare ehurumende dzinotevera zvikurukuru chimiro chine mativi matatu akafanana negadziriro yehurumende, kunyange zvazvo mazita chaiwo nesangano zvichisiana nehurumende. Nyika zhinjisa dzine matare okutonga ehurumende (anowanzonzi matare makuru, matare amatunhu, kana kuti matare oruwa), matare epakati, uye dare gurusa rehurumende. Masangano mazhinji anochengetawo matare chaiwo enhau dzakati dzakadai somutemo wemhuri, kuputsa migwagwa, uye kutaura kuduku.

MuUnited States, hurumende yehurumende nehurumende dzine mitemo yadzo dzimene nemiitiro yadzo dzimene yedare, nematare ehurumende nehurumende anosiana mumugariro, nemisiano inokosha pakati pedare rehurumende nerehurumende pamwe chete nokusiana pakati pehurumende dzakasiana - siana. Kunzwisisa kuti igadziriro ipi yedare ine simba pamusoro penhau yako yakati yapamutemo kunokosha nokuda kwokuronda mhaka yenyu nenzira inobudirira.

Kupindira Kunoita Matare Ehurumende Nehurumende

Matare ehurumende nehurumende anoshanda zvakasiana - siana, asi hakuna musiyano wakakwana pakati pegadziriro dzokutonga dzehurumende nedzehurumende − dzimwe nguva matare ehurumende anosarudza mibvunzo yomutemo wenyika nematare ehurumende anosarudza mibvunzo yomutemo womubatanidzwa, zvisinei, matare ehurumende anogonawo kunzwa marudzi akawanda emitemo yehurumende, uye kune migariro umo matare ehurumende anoshandisa mutemo wehurumende. Uku kunoreva kuti mhaka dzakati dzinogona kuchengetwa mugadziriro ipi neipi, kuchitsamira pamigariro chaiyo nenhau dzapamutemo dzinobatanidzwa.

Matare ehurumende anogona kuhwirudzurawo zvisarudzo zvedare rehurumende zvingarwisana neBumbiro reMitemo reU.S. kana kuti mutemo, uye nhau kana kuti nhau dzemitemo dzinogona kufamba pakati pegadziriro mbiri dzokutonga. Iyi gadziriro yenzvero nedzikamo zvinovimbisa kuti matare ehurumende haasati achiputsa maruramiro emitemo ehurumende nepo achichengeta uchangamire hwehurumende pamusoro penhau dzomutemo wenyika.

Kunzwisisa Kupomerwa Kwedare uye Dare Ripi Rokushandisa

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvikuru pakubata nenhau dzedare kusarudza kuti idare ripi rine simba panhau yako. Juriscion inonongedzera kuchiremera chedare chokunzwa ndokusarudza rudzi rwakati rwenhau.

Dare Rehurumende Kutonga

Matare ehurumende ane simba rakaganhurirwa, kureva kuti anogona bedzi kunzwa marudzi akati enhau.

  • Mitemo yehurumende, kubatanidza nhau dzebumbiro remitemo
  • Kusawirirana pakati pehurumende kana kuti pakati pevagari vemunyika dzakasiyana - siyana (kudzora nyika) uko chitsama chacho mugakava chinopfuura $75 000
  • Nyaya dzinobatanidzwa nehurumende yeUnited States sebato
  • Kupinzwa Muropa
  • Kukakavadzana kwepaten, kodzero yokuita zvinhu zviri mumagwaro, uye chiratidzo
  • Maritime state
  • Nhau dzokutama

Dare reHurumende Rinotonga

Matare ehurumende ane simba rakafara uye anobata nekakavadzano dzakawanda dzemitemo, kusanganisira:

  • Kukwirira mhaka mumutemo wehurumende
  • Mutemo wemhuri unokosha (kurambana, kuchengetwa kwavana, kurerwa navabereki vasiri vavo)
  • Nzvera nenhau dzezvivako
  • Kusawirirana kwedzimba
  • Kugadzirisa kusawirirana
  • Zviitiko zvokuzvikuvadza
  • Kuputswa kwemotokari
  • Nemhaka dzoutsotsi zhinjisa

Kana usina chokwadi kuti idare ripi rakakodzera kutongwa, kubvunza nyanzvi yepamutemo kana kuti kutaura nehofisi yomunyori wedare romunzvimbomo kunogona kugovera nhungamiro inokosha.

Kuwana Zviwanikwa Nemashoko Epamutemo

Kuwanda kwezviwanikwa zvepamutemo zvepaIndaneti, maprobono, uye maturusi okugadzira zvinhu zvave zvichichinja zvinhu zvikuru mumakore achangopfuura, zvichiita kuti zviwanike zviri pamutemo kupfuura kare. Vagari vemo vava kuwana mashoko epamutemo akanga akaoma kana kuti aidhura kupfuura kare.

Makokororesi Edare Rinoshandira Nemakombiyuta

Public Access to Court Electronic Recorders (PACER) inogovera kombiyuta inowanika kuzvinyorwa zvedare rehurumende uye inopa vanhu vose kuwanikwa kwemapepa anopfuura bhiriyoni rimwe anochengetwa pamatare ose ehurumende. Nepo PACER achipomera kuti mari shoma papeji imwe neimwe inowanikwa, kana ukaita mari shoma ye $30 kana kuti shoma yehomwe, mari inobhadharwa kwenguva iyoyo, uye 75 muzana yevashandi vePACER haibhadhari muchikamu chimwe chezvikamu zvina zvemari.

Mawebsite ehurumende ari kuwedzera kupa mukana wekuwana zvisarudzo zvedare paIndaneti, neInternet yeHurumende yeUnited States yeHofisi Yokubudisa Mashoko inopa mukana wokusarudza zvisarudzo zvedare rehurumende kubva muna 2004 kusvika panguva ino, uye mawebsite edare rehurumende nerehurumende akawanda anopa vanhu mukana wezvisarudzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura zvakapiwa nedare iri. Zviwiro zvehurumende izvi zviri kubvumira vanhu kuongorora matare uye kunzwisisa kuti matare akatonga sei nyaya dzakafanana.

Mitemo yedare yehurumende yakawanda inochengeta mawebsite akazara anopa zvinhu zvinokosha kusanganisira zvirongwa zvedare, mirayiridzo, mitemo yedare yomunzvimbomo, mabasa okunzvera mhosva, uye zvinhu zvedzidzo. Colorado Judiciality Branch inotsigira kubvumirwa kwevagari vemo kumitengo yedare, mafomu, mitemo, uye miitiro, zvichigonesa vanhu vanozviisa vamene mudare uye vamwe vanoda kugadzirira chinoitika chedare. Dzimwe nyika dzakawanda dzinopa zvinhu zvakafanana zvokuzviyamura zvinowirirana nezvirongwa zvedare radzo.

Zvinyorwa Zvapamutemo Zvakasununguka Nematurusi Okutsvakurudza

Mabhuku epamutemo akasununguka, akadai seGoogle Study kana kuti maraibhurari emitemo yavose, anopa mukana wemitemo yemhosva, magazini emitemo, uye mitemo; izvi zvinhu zvinokosha kuti zvinzwisise zvitevedzeri zvemitemo uye kuvakira nhau yakasimba. Kunzvera kwepamutemo kweGoogle kunopa mukana wapachena wepfungwa dzedare rehurumende nedzehurumende, zvichiita kuti kunzvera kwapamutemo kusvike kumunhu upi noupi ane mukana wokupinda paInternet.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvapachena zvinosanganisira Justia, iyo inogovera kusvika kwakakwana kumutemo wenhau wehurumende nehurumende, mitemo, uye mashoko epamutemo. Law Library of Congress yakagadzirawo nhepfenyuro dzemitemo dzinowanika dzinogona kubetsera vanzveri kuwana manyuko enhau paIndaneti. Nhungamiro idzi dzinogovera nzira dzakarongwa nokuda kwokuwana nadzo mashoko akakodzera epamutemo pasina kurayira kurovedzwa kwezvokunzvera kwapamutemo.

Kubatsira Kwapamutemo uye Kubatsira kwePro Bono

Masangano akawanda nemakambani emitemo anopa mabasa eprobono kune vaya vasingakwanisi kubhadhara mumiririri wepamutemo, uye mawebsite akaita seAmerican Bar Association (ABA) anopa mabhurari kuti abatsire kuwana yamuro yepamutemo munharaunda yenyu. Masangano epamutemo anopa rubatsiro rwepamutemo pachena kuvanhu vanowana mari shoma uye mhuri dzinotarisana nezvinetso zvepamutemo.

Mahofisi e Aid epamutemo anogovera mabasa akakwirira apamutemo kuvagari vemo, uye kudana 1-866-LAW-OHIO (866.529.646) anogona kukubatanidza nehofisi yomunzvimbomo inoshanda munharaunda yenyu. Nepo iyi nhamba chaiyo ichibatira vagari ve Ohio, maruwa mazhinji ane yamuro yapamutemo yakafanana neyamaterral. The Legal Services Corporation (ww.lc.gov) inogovera mafaira enyika epurogiramu dzeyamuro yepamutemo.

Ohio Legal Legal Betruption inogovera mashoko apamutemo ebetsero, kubatanidza chishandiso chebetsero yokuzvibetsera chapamutemo, batano nenzanga yemunzvimbomo, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinobetsera kupedza nhau dzavo dzemitemo. Nyika dzakawanda dzakagadzira zviteshi zvepaIndaneti zvakafanana zvinopa zviwanikwa zvokuzvibetsera, kuumba maraibhurari, uye kutungamirira padanho nokuda kwemiitiro yepamutemo yavose.

Nzvimbo dzeDare Dzinozvibetsera

Ruwa rwuri rwose rweReaudition rune SuperFation kana kuti Court Resource Center inoshanda nenyanzvi imwe kana kuti dzakawanda idzo dzingabetsera vanhu vane nhau dzisiri dzoutsotsi kutungamirira vanhu kuzvimiro zvakakodzera. Masangano iwaya anoshanda sezvipo zvinokosha nokuda kwavanozvimirira vamene, kunyange zvazvo vasingagoni kukupa pamutemo pamutemo kana kuti zano.

Nzvimbo dzinozviyamura dzinopa betsero zvikurukuru nemiitiro yenzwisiso yedare, zvimiro zvokupedzisa, kusvitsa mashoko apamutemo, uye kubatanidza nezviwanikwa zvenzanga. Mitezo yevashandi inogona kutsanangura kuti ndezvipi zvaunoda uye kuti ungazvinyora sei, asi haigoni kukuudzai zvokunyora pazvimiro kana kuti kugovera zano rapamutemo pamusoro pomugariro wako chaiwo.

Kuchinja Mashandisiro Ematare

Makombiyuta anobatsira kuongorora nyaya dzemakombiyuta, mafashoni, mapepa enyaya ari kure, uye makombiyuta epamutemo - zviri kuchinja mashandiro anoita matare uye kuashandisa kuti abatsire vanhu kuendesa basa redare.Matare akawanda ava kupa vanhu makombiyuta anobvumira kuti vanyorese magwaro paIndaneti, kuti vaendese nyaya dzenyaya dzechokwadi panguva chaiyo, uye kuti vabvume kuudzwa nezvemisi yedare uye misiano yaanofanira kumira.

Matare ari kuvandudza kutongwa kwedare rekutongwa kwenzvimbo yengarava nekurukurirano navashandisi kupfurikidza nokudzorwa kwenhau dzemagetsi, kunyorwa kwenhau, uye kunyorwa kwemichina, uko vatongi, vashandi vedare, uye vashandisi vanogona zvino kuisa magwaro nokuwana nhau chaiyo ndokugamuchira kugadziridzwa kwenguva chaiyo, kutora rutivi rusina mhosho uye kugadzirwa kwenhau nokukurumidza. Uku kufambira mberi kworuzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu kunoita kuti zvive nyore kuti vagari vemo vatsi vatsive munhau dzepamutemo pasina kuraira nzendo dzakawanda kuenda kudare.

Kuita Mafambiro Epamutemo Somugari Wemo

Vagari vanoshanda negadziriro yokutonga mumitoro yakasiana - siana, kubva pakubatira pamatare anobetsera vatongi kusvikira kukuita zvapupu.

Basa Rokushumira: Mutoro Wechiviri

Zuva riri rose mazana avanhu munyika yose anosarudzwa nokuda kwebasa redare rinobetsera kusarudza dzimwe dzeidzi nhau. Basa reJury rinomirira imwe yenzira dzakananga zvikurusa vagari vemo vanotora rutivi nadzo mumuitiro wedare, uye zvose zviri zviviri ikodzero uye mutoro wougari hwemo.

Apo unogamuchira dare rinobetsera vatongi rinoraira, kunokosha kupindura nokukurumidza. Magariro mazhinjisa anobvumira kukusundira mberi kana une rwisano yapamutemo, asi kufuratira kuraira kwedare rinobetsera kugona kuguma nezvirango kubatanidza faindi kana kuti kunyange kuzvidza mhosva dzedare. Mukati mokusarudza dare, magweta kumativi ose ari maviri achabvunza mibvunzo kusarudza kana vatongi vanobvira vanogona kuva vakarurama uye vasingasaruri. Mhinduro nenzira yokutendeseka iyi mibvunzo ndeyokugara mutongi akanaka, kwete kudzivisa basa.

Kana ukasarudzwa kubatira mudare rinobetsera vatongi, uchakumbirwa kunzvera ufakazi hunopiwa mukati mokutonga ndokushandisa mutemo sezvinotsanangurwa nomutongi kuti usvike chisarudzo. Vatongi vanofanira kuvakira zvisarudzo zvavo chose chose paufakazi hunopiwa mudare nemiraidzo yomutongi, kuisa parutivi pemirangariro yomunhu oga namashoko okunze. Uyu mutoro unokosha kuvimbisa miedzo yakarurama uye kuchengeta chivimbo chavose mutsika yeruramisiro.

Kuzvimirira Mudare

Nepo kumirira kwapamutemo kuchirumbidzwa apo zvichibvira, vanhu vazhinji vanosarudza kana kuti vanoda kuzvimirira vamene mukutonga kwedare, zvikurukuru munhau dzakadai senhau duku, kuputswa kwemigwagwa, kana kuti nhau dzomutemo wemhuri wakapfava. Kuzvimirira umene, kunozivikanwa pamutemo sekuoneka "pro," kunoda kugadzirira nokunzwisisa miitiro yedare.

Mawebsite edare anowanzogovera nhungamiro dzakagadzirirwa zvakananga nokuda kwevamiririri vanomira. Ronga magwaro ose anokosha, ufakazi, uye uchapupu usati wanyatsoziva musi wedare rako. Itai mutsetse wakajeka wezviitiko uye gadzirirai tsananguro pfupi yenzvimbo yenyu.

Pakuoneka mudare, mufambiro wenyanzvi unokosha:

  • Kurumidza kusvika kuti uwane nguva yokuona uye kuwana dare rakarurama
  • Pfekai unyanzvi uye muchengetedze
  • Uya nemakopi akawanda emagwaro ose — nokuda kwomutongi, boka rinopikisa, uye marekodhi ako umene
  • Taurai mutongi, muti: Kudzai; mirai muchitaura
  • Taura zvakajeka uye zvakananga nomutongi, kwete nemunhu anopikisa
  • Nyatsoteerera mibvunzo wopindura zvinongobvunzwa chete
  • Ramba wakaterama uye uchiremekedza, kunyange kana usingabvumirani nechimwe chinhu chataurwa
  • Dzima makombiyuta ose usati wapinda mudare
  • Usatongodzongonyedza mutongi kana kuti mubato anoshora apo vanenge vachitaura

Yeuka kuti vatongi vanotora zvirevo zvavo vamene zvinomiririrwa nemipimo mimwe cheteyo namagweta pamusoro pokutevera mitemo yedare nemiitiro. Nepo vatongi vangaratidza shiviriro mukutsanangura miitiro, havagoni kugovera zano rapamutemo kana kuti kutsigira nzvimbo yako.

Kushatisa Mutemo Kana Kuti Chiito Chapamutemo

Kana uchifanira kunyora dare, muitiro wacho unowanzovamba nokugadzirira nokunyora chinyunyuto kana kuti chikumbiro chinotsanangura zvirevo zvako zvapamutemo nenyaradzo yaunotsvaka. Dare rimwe nerimwe rine zvinodikanwa chaizvo zvokuti magwaro anofanira kunyorwa sei, kuti mashoko api anofanira kubatanidzwa, uye kuti marii ichava.

Nokuda kwezvinotaurwa nematare maduku, anobata zvitsama zvakaganhurirwa zvemari (zvikurukuru $5 000 kusvikira ku $10 000 zvichitsamira pahurumende), muitiro wacho wakagadzirirwa kuva unowanika kuvasiri vatemi. Miitiro miduku inovandudzwa, mitero yemari yakaderera zvikuru, uye mitemo yakarongwa youfakazi yakasununguka. matare maduku akawanda anorambidza kana kuti anoganhurira mirauriro yegweta kuti ichengete muitiro wacho uchibvira uye uchidhura.

Nokuda kwemimwe matare akaoma zvikuru mudare rehurumende, muitiro wacho wakarongwa zvikuru uye unoumbwa. Uchada kuva nechokwadi chokuziviswa kwakafanira kwebasa romukwiridzirwo wedare, wirirana nemitemo yokuwana (mashoko noufakazi nebato rinopikisa), kusvitsa miganhu yose inorongwa, uye kutevera mitemo yetsika yokupa mhaka yako pakutonga.

Kunzwisisa Kutongwa Kwematare Nevakafa

Dare rinoshanda mukuwirirana nemirairo yorumano nemisi yakagadzwa. Kupotsa musi wakagadzwa kunogona kuva nemiuyo yakakomba, ingagona kuguma nokudzingwa kwenhau yako kana kuti rutongeso rwapamberi pechisarudzo chapamberi pemitemo. Paunobatanidzwa mukupfuurira kwapamutemo, ita gadziriro yekarenda kuti uronge misi yose inokosha inobatanidza:

  • Misi yakarongwa nokuda kwemhinduro, kumhanya, uye mamwe magwaro
  • Nguva dzatakaona dzokuchinjana mashoko nevatsigiri
  • Misi Yokunzwa Nokuedza
  • Mitsetse yakafa nokuda kwezvisarudzo zvinofadza

Mitemo yedare inosimbisa kuti magwaro anofanira kuchengetwa sei, kuti mapi anofanira kunyorwa, uye kuti igadziriroi yaanofanira kutevera. Federal Pages of Practice and Procediture inodzora mumatare ehurumende, uye iyi website ine batano nemitemo yehurumende yazvino nezvimiro, kubatanidza Federal Regard of Applete Procedure, Federal Regal of Bankrupt Procediture, Federal Pages of Civil Procredated, Federal Real Real Real of Criminational of Procediture, uye Federal Reclation of Eunicericture of Euchaunity. matare ane mitemo yawo amene inowanikwa panzvimbo dzedare.

Kuoneka seChapupu

Kana ukadanwa kupupura, ungagamuchira rugwaro rwechipameso (8) runoraira kuti uonekwe. Kukundikana kuwirirana nehomwe yedare kunogona kuguma nokuzvidza mhosva. Pakupupurira, yeukai mifungo iyi mikuru:

  • Kutaura chokwadi ($perjury (anenge achipika) imhosva yakakomba
  • Nyatsoteerera mubvunzo mumwe nomumwe usati wapindura
  • Pindura mubvunzo unobvunzwa bedzi; usazvipira mamwe mashoko okuwedzera
  • Kana musinganzwisisi chinhu, kumbirai kududzirwa kwaro
  • Kana usingazivi mhinduro, taura saizvozvo panzvimbo pokufemba
  • Taura zvakajeka uye zvinonzwika zvokuti munhu wose ari mudare anzwe
  • Ramba wakaterama uye wakagadzikana, kunyange mukati mokunzvera

Kunzwisisa Kodzero Dzako Mutsika Yokutonga

Kunzwisisa kodzero idzi kunobatsira kuti unyatsobatwa zvakanaka nedare.

Kodzero Mukuita Chitsotsi

Kana ukapomerwa mhaka, Bumbiro reMitemo rinogovera dziviriro huru dzinoverengeka:

  • Kuramba wakanyarara: Mhedziso yeshanu inokudzivirira pakuzvishora. Haungamanikidzirwa kuzvipupurira.
  • [ Kurudyi kumugweta: Hurumende yeSixth Amendment inovimbisa maruramiro okumirira pamutemo. Kana usingagoni kupa gweta mhaka, mumwe achagadzwa nokuda kwako.
  • [[FT:0] Kukutongwa kwokukurumidza nokwevoruzhinji: Haungagoni kubatwa nokusingaperi pasina muedzo, uye miedzo inofanira kazhinji kazhinji kuva yakazarukira vanhu.
  • [[FT:0] kutarisana nezvipupuriro: Mune maruramiro okupupurira kudarika kweastamine zvichikupupurirai.
  • Kudare rinobetsera vatongi: Nokuda kwepomero dzoutsotsi dzakakomba, une maruramiro okuita kuti mhaka yako isarudzwe nedare rinobetsera vasaruri vezera rako.
  • Kudzivirirwa pakunzvera kusina mufungo nepfari: [Gadziro yeChina inoda kuchengetwa kwomutemo kuva nechisakiso chinobvira uye, muzvinoitika zvizhinjisa, maruramiro okunzvera zvinhu zvako.
  • Kurudyi kumuitiro wakafanira: Hurumende inofanira kutevera miitiro yakarurama uye haigoni kukunyima upenyu, rusununguko, kana kuti zvinhu pasina muitiro wakafanira womutemo.

Kodzero Muzvinoitika Zvevagari Vomunyika Imwe Chete

Munhau dzehurumende, une maruramiro okuita:

  • Cherekedza kukwirira mhaka nomukana wokupindura
  • Uchapupu hwava kupa nezvapupu zvinotsigira nzvimbo yako
  • Zvapupu zvinopikisana nechechekushandisa
  • Mutongi akanaka uye asingasaruri
  • Kumbirai chisarudzo chakaipa (muzviitiko zvizhinjisa)
  • Kumiririra pamutemo (kunyange zvazvo uchifanira kukubhadhara iwe umene muzviitiko zvizhinjisa zvehurumende)

Kuwana Manyoro eDare

Vagari vemo vane kodzero yokupinda zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvedare uye kukwanisa kupinda zvinyorwa zvedare zvakawanda, kunze kwenhau dzinobatanidza vechiduku, nhau dzakati dzemitemo yemhuri, zvinyorwa zvemitemo zvakasimbiswa, uye nhau dzinobatanidza kuchengeteka kwenyika.

Kujeka uku kunoshanda zvinangwa zvinokosha: kunobvumira kutarisira dare, kunoita kuti vatori venhau vataure nezvokutongwa kwedare, kunobatsira vanzveri kudzidza miitiro yepamutemo, uye kunobvumira vagari vemo kudzidza nezvenhau dzepamutemo dzinokanganisa nzanga dzavo.

Kungwarira Chaiko Nokuda Kwemarudzi Akasiyana - siyana Enyaya

Mutemo Wemhuri Unokosha

Mitemo yemitemo yemhuri(((5) kubatanidza chatanuro, kodzero yokuchengeta vana, tsigiro yavana, uye masimba masimba omumba (8) zvinobatanidza nhau dzomunhu oga dzinotapura uye kazhinji kazhinji zvine miitiro chaiyo. Matare mazhinji akatsaurira mapoka omutemo wemhuri navatongi vaidzori munhau idzi. Mitemo yemhuri ingabatanidza zvinodikanwa zvokuva wedzero, makirasi okurera, uye dziviriro chaidzo nokuda kwezvakavanzika zvavana.

Mukakavadzano dzekodzero yokuchengeta mwana, matare anonangidzira ngwariro pafariro dzakanakisisa dzomwana, achirangarira zvinhu zvakafanana namano omubereki mumwe nomumwe okugovera zvinodikanwa zvomwana, ukama hwomwana nomubereki mumwe nomumwe, uye zvinoda mwana (zvichibva pazera). Kunyorwa kwokubatanidzwa kwevabereki, dzikamo yemari, uye mhoteredzo yapamba kunogona kuva ufakazi hunokosha muidzi nhau.

Kutaura Kuduku Kunoitwa neDare

Zvibvumirano izvi zvakagadzirirwa kuti zvive nyore kuti vanhu vasiri vagari vemitemo vakwanise kufamba. Nyaya duku dzinongotaurwa dzinosanganisira kunetsana pamusoro pemasero echengetedzo, zvikwereti zvisingabhadharwi, kuparadzwa kwezvinhu, uye kuputswa kwebvumirano.

Usati wanyora nyaya duku, rangarira kana uchigona kupedza gakava kupfurikidza nekurukurirano kana kuti kutaurirana. Kana uchiita faira, unganidza mapepa ose anokosha kubatanidza zvibvumirano, marizi, mapikicha, matsamba, uye mashoko euchapupu. Ronga ufakazi hwako munhevedzano yenhambo nenhambo uye gadzirira tsananguro pfupi, yakajeka yeiko ine maruramiro emari yaunotsvaka.

Dare Rokufambisa

Kuputswa kwemotokari kunowanzotongwa mumatare emotokari kana kuti mapoka. Kana ukapa mhaka duku, ungada kubhadhara faindi pasina kuoneka mudare.

Pakukwikwidzana netikiti romumugwagwa, ufakazi hungabatanidza mapikicha enzvimbo yacho, chipupuriro, marekodhi okugadziridza emidziyo akadai sezvifambiso zvepasi pevhu kana kuti zviratidzo zvemotokari, uye chipupuriro chako umene pamusoro pemigariro. Yeuka kuti mutoro wechibvumikiso muzvinoitika zvemotokari kazhinji kazhinji unova nehurumende kubvumikisa kuputswa kwacho kwakaitika.

Dare Rokubhangi

Kuongorora kwokubhangi kunobatanidza matare chaiwo ehurumende anobetsera vanhu uye mabhizimisi kupedza chikwereti chikuru. Marudzi maviri anozivikanwa zvikurusa okubhuroka kwomunhu oga ndiwo Ganhuro 7 (kubhuroka) uye Chitsauko 13 (kurongwazve kana kuti kubhadharwa).

Zvisinei, mawebsite edare anopa mashoko pamusoro pomuitiro wacho, mafomu anodiwa, mari yokupa mari, uye zvinodikanwa zvokupa mazano nechikwereti. Bhangi rine miuyo yemari yenguva refu, naizvozvo rinofanira kurangarirwa nokungwarira uye zvikurukuru sechisarudzo chokupedzisira pashure pokunzvera zvimwe zvisarudzo zvokutarisira zvikwereti.

Kushanda Nevashandi Vedare

Kunzwisisa mabasa evashandi vedare vakasiyana - siyana kuchakubatsira kuti unyatsoshandisa nzira yacho uye kuziva kuti ndiani angakubatsira.

Vatongi Namazhedheni

Vatongi vanotungamirira kutonga kwedare, vanoita kutonga panhau dzapamutemo, vanova nechokwadi chokuti miitiro yakafanira inoteverwa, uye mukutonga kwepabhenji (matare pasina matare amatare amatare edzimhosva), vanosarudza mugumisiro wenhau. Vatongi kana kuti vamiriri vanotarisira nhau dzokutanga, misangano yokugadzikisa, uye pane dzimwe nguva miedzo muzvinoitika zvishomanene zvakakomba.

Kuti vasarudze kuti nyaya yacho yamira zvakanaka uye kuti ienderane, vatongi havabvumirwi kugamuchira mashoko kubva kudare kana kuti kudare, uye iri inotsanangura kuti vangakurukurirana sei nemutongi anenge apiwa mhosva.

Vacheri Vedare

Hofisi yomunyori inobata mabasa okutarisira anobatanidza kugamuchira mapepa, kuchengeta marekodhi edare, kuronga kutongwa, uye kuunganidza mari. Vashandi vehofisi yaCrerk vanogona kugovera mashoko pamusoro pemiitiro, zvirongwa, zvinodikanwa zvokuronga, uye mugariro wenhau. Zvisinei, havagoni kukupa zano rapamutemo kana kuti kukuudza chokunyora pazvinyorwa zvapamutemo.

Pakuonana nehofisi yomunyori, iva akagadzirira nenhamba yako yenhau nemibvunzo yakananga pamusoro pemiitiro kana kuti zvinodikanwa. Vashandi vehofisi yaCrerk zviwiro zvinokosha zvokufambisa mativi ebasa redare.

Mabhanana uye Kuchengetedzwa Kwedare

Vatongi vanokwanisa kupindura mibvunzo pamusoro pemiitiro yedare ndokukutungamirira kunzvimbo yakafanira.

Vatori Venhau Nezviwanwa Zvedare

Mashoko aya anobva ava chinyorwa chepamutemo chezvakataurwa mudare uye anokosha kuti ukumbirwe. Kana uchida kopi yeredhiyo, unogona kuirayira nomutori wenhau wedare, kunyange zvazvo paine mari yaunobhadhara.

Vaturikiri vedare vanopa masuo emutauro ezvikamu uye zvapupu zvisinganyatsotauri Chirungu. Kana uchida muturikiri, zivisa dare nokukurumidza sezvinobvira kuti urongwa huitwe. Kududzira kunoitwa pasina mari kuvimbisa kuti ruramisiro inogona kusvika.

Kugadzirira Kutarisika Kwedare Rako

Kunyatsogadzirira kunovandudza zvikuru mikana yako yokubudirira padare. Kana uchizviita munhu kana kuti uchishanda nomurevereri, kutora matanho aya kuchakubetsera kuisa mhaka yako zvakanaka.

Kuunganidza Nokuronga Ufakazi

Uchapupu hunoratidza kuti nyaya yako ndeyechokwadi uye uchapupu hunoshanda hunosanganisira:

  • Mapepa: zvibvumirano, marisiti, mabhii, maemail, mashoko okutumira mashoko, zvinyorwa zvezvokurapa, mashoko ezvemari
  • Mifananidzo kana kuti mavhidhiyo anoratidza mamiriro ezvinhu, kukuvara, kana kuti zviitiko
  • Zvinhu zvine chokuita negakava racho
  • Uchapupu hunobva kuvanhu vane zivo yakakodzera
  • Mirangariro yenyanzvi (muzvimwe zvinoitika)

Ronga uchapupu hwako nenzira ine mufungo, zvikurukuru munhevedzano yomunguva.

Kugadzirira Uchapupu Hwako

Kana uchizopupurira, gadzirira kupfurikidza nokuhwirudzura maidi enhau yako nokuronga mifungo yako. Paunenge usingafaniri kuziva nomusoro manyoro (anogona kunzwika kuva akadzokororwa uye asati ari omuzvarirwo), unofanira kuva akajeka pamusoro pamapfundo makuru aunoda kukurukura. Rovedza kutsanangura chimiro chako nenzira yakananga uye yakajeka.

Funga nezvezvingada kugadzirirwa mhinduro dzokutendeseka, dzakananga. Yeuka kuti kuvimbika kunokosha, shoo nematare angangodavira zvapupu zvinoratidzika kuva zvakatendeseka uye zvisina kujeka, kunyange pazvinobvuma kuti zvinhu hazvina kunaka.

Kunzwisisa Kukosha Kwedare

Mufambiro wakafanira mudare unoratidzira ruremekedzo nokuda kwomuitiro wapamutemo uye unogona kupesvedzera nenzira iyo mutongi anokurangarira nayo:

  • Mira apo mutongi anopinda kana kuti anobva mudare
  • Musadya, munwe, kana kudzeya majoini mudare
  • Usaunza vana kudare kutoti vari vabatanidzwa kana kuti zvapupu
  • Usarava mapepanhau, mabhuku, kana kuti kushandisa makombiyuta mukati mezvinoitika
  • Usataura nevamwe vanhu mudare panguva yezviitiko
  • Usaita chitarisiko chechiso, majangariko, kana kuti kuita kunonzwika kuuchapupu
  • Mirira kuti mutongi akubvume usati wataura
  • Kumbira mvumo usati wasvika bhenji kana kuti chigariro chokupupurira

Chichaunzwa Kudare

Nyora zvinhu zvaunofanira kuita kuti uonekwe nedare rako:

  • Hurumende yakaisa mapikicha
  • Nhamba yako yenhau uye mashoko edare
  • Mapepa ose uye uchapupu, nemakopi akawanda
  • Bhirobhu retsamba nepeni zvokunyora
  • Mashoko ehekinoloji nokuda kwezvapupu
  • Mirayiro ipi neipi kana kuti zviziviso zvedare zvine chokuita nenhau yako
  • Kubhadharwa kwemari ipi neipi inodikanwa kana kuti faindi

Siya zvinhu zvakarambidzwa pamusha, kubatanidza zvombo, madhirowa (zvisingabvumirwi zvakananga), uye chinhu chipi nechipi chakarongwa mumitemo yedare yokudzivirira.

Pashure Pechisarudzo cheDare

Kunzwisisa Kutonga

Pashure pokunge dare ratonga chisarudzo charo, iva nechokwadi chokuti unonzwisisa chaizvoizvo zvakarairwa. Kana chisarudzo chomutongi chisina kujekeswa, unogona kukumbira kujekeswa. Zvisarudzo zvedare zvinobudiswa zvakanyorwa, zvichigovera chinyorwa chechigarire chomuuyo nerangariro yomutongi.

Munyaya dzehurumende, mutongo ungakuvadza mari, kurayira kuti chibvumirano chiitwe, kurayira kuti paitwe chimwe chinhu kana kuti kurambidza kuti chiitwe, kana kuti kurasa nyaya yacho.

Kugumisa Rutongeso

Kuhwina mutongo hakungorevi kuti uchawana zvawapiwa. Kana mubatanidzwa wacho usingawirirani nokuzvidira norutongeso, ungada kuita nhano dzokuwedzera kuti utsigire. Mitemo yokumanikidza ingabatanidza mari inobhadharwa, mari inobhadharwa mubhangi, mari inobhadharwa, zvinhu, kana kuti kubatwa nechisimba nezvinhu.

Dare rinopa rubatsiro nevatsigiri, nepo mune zvimwe zviitiko ungada kuhaya sangano rinounganidza kana kuti gweta kuti ubatsire kuunganidza mutongo.

Kukwirira

Kana uchidavira kuti dare rakaita chikanganiso chapamutemo mumhaka yako, ungava nekodzero yokukwidza chisarudzo kudare rapamusoro. Zvikwiriso hazvisi matare anodzokororwa nejere kana dare rapasi rakashandisa zvakarurama mutemo ndokutevera miitiro yakafanira.

Kukwirira kunofanira kuchengetwa munhambo dzakasimba, zvikurukuru kubva pamazuva 30 kusvikira ku90 pashure porutongeso. Muitiro wokukumbira unobatanidza kunyora chiziviso chokukwirira, kugadzirira kupokanidza kupfupi kwakanyorwa chikonzero nei chisarudzo chedare rakaderera chakanga chisina kururama, uye pane dzimwe nguva kupa nharo dzokutaura pamberi pavatongi.

Kukwirira kuoma uye unyanzvi, uye vanhu vazhinjisa vanobetserwa nemirairo yapamutemo. Zvisinei, kana ukaramba usina gweta, mawebsite edare anowanzogovera mashoko pamusoro pemiitiro nezvinodikanwa.

Kugadzirisa Kumwe Kusawirirana

Mitoo yokutsiva nayo (ADR) inogona kugovera nzira dzokukurumidza, dzinodhura zvishoma, uye dzinopedza rwisano shomanene.

Kushanda

Kutaurirana kunobatanidza rutivi rwechitatu rusingatori rutivi urwo runobetsera vanhu vanoitirana nharo kusvika chibvumirano chokuzvidira. Murevereri haaiti zvisarudzo kana kuti kuisa zvigadzikiso asi anopfavisa kurukurirano uye anobetsera vanhu kuziva nzvimbo dzinowirirana. Kutaurirwa hakunyanyi kudzorwa, hakudhuri, uye kunokurumidza kupfuura kuenda kutongwa.

Dare rakawanda rinoda kana kuti rinokurudzira kutongwa pamberi pedare, zvikurukuru mumutemo wemhuri nemhosva dzevagari vemo. Mamwe matare anogovera mabasa okuyananisa apachena kana kuti akaderera. Kunyange kana zvikasadiwa, kukurukurirana kunogona kuva nzira inobudirira yokupedza nayo kusawirirana uku zvichichengetedza ukama uye kudzora mugumisiro wacho.

Kubvisa Muropa

Kutora kunobatanidza kupa nhau yako kumutarisiri asingatori rutivi anoita chisarudzo chinosungisa. Icho chakarongwa zvikuru kupfuura kuzivisa asi nomutoo wakapfava zvikuru kupfuura kutongwa kwedare. Kutora kunogona kuva kunokurumidza uye kunodhura zvishoma kupfuura kuzivisa, kunyange zvazvo uchipa maruramiro akati kubatanidza maruramiro okukwirira muzvinoitika zvizhinjisa.

Kunzwisisa zvibvumirano izvi usati wasaina kunokosha, sezvo zvichigona kutapura kodzero dzako dzepamutemo zvikuru.

Kugadzikana Nenzvimbo

Kugara kwemativi kunobvumira kugadzira zvigadzikiso zvokugadzira izvo zvingasawanika kupfurikidza nokutonga kwedare, kudzivisa kusava nechokwadi kwokutongwa, kuchengeta nguva nemari, uye kuchengeta kuva voga.

Pakurangarira kugarwa kunogovera, sanoyera simba noutera hwenhau yako, ndyiko nengozi zvokupfuurira kugadzikiswa, uye kana kugarwa kunokarakadzwa kuchipedza fariro dzako zvakakwana. Usanzwa uchimanikidzwa kugamuchira kugarwa kusina kukwana, asi zivawo kuti kugamuchidzwa ikoko kunowanzobatanidza kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira.

Zviwanikwa Zvokudzidza Kunopfuurira

Kuramba uchidzidza nezvemitemo uye kodzero dzako kunobatsira kuti unyatsoshandisa nzira yacho zvakanaka.

Zviwanikwa Zvedzidzo

Masangano akawanda anogovera zviwanikwa zvedzidzo yapachena pamusoro pegadziriro yapamutemo:

  • American Bar Association inogovera zvinhu zvedzidzo yavose pamusoro pemisoro yakasiana - siana yemitemo
  • Masangano ehurumende neomunzvimbomo anowanzogovera mashoko evatengi negweta rinoita mabasa okushandisa
  • Dzimwe nguva makiriniki emitemo anopa zano repamutemo uye kumiririra
  • Maraibhurari avose kazhinji kazhinji ane zvinonongedzera zvapamutemo uye pane dzimwe nguva ane gadziriro dzapamutemo dzamashoko
  • Mawebsite ematare anogovera nhungamiro, mafomu, uye mavhidhiyo okurayiridza

Kuramba Ndichiziva Nezvekufambira Mberi Kwemitemo

Mitemo nemiitiro zvedare zvinochinja nokufamba kwenguva. Kugara uchiziva pamusoro pezvinoitika zvinotapura kodzero dzako dzepamutemo kunokubatsira kuita zvisarudzo zvaunoziva. Manyuko akavimbika emashoko epamutemo anobatanidza mawebsite edare repamutemo, zviwanikwa zvehurumende, mawebsite emashoko epamutemo akaitwa se Justia uye Nolo[[FLT]], uye kunyorwa kwenhau kwezviitiko zvapamutemo zvakabva kumanyuko anozivikanwa.

Chenjerera mashoko epamutemo anobva kumanyuko asina kurongwa akadai sesocial network kana kuti Internet. Mitemo yemitemo inosiyana zvichienderana nehurumende, uye mashoko akarurama mune imwe nyika angasashanda mune imwe. Panyaya dzemitemo dzinokosha, kuongorora mashoko kupfurikidza nezvinonyorwa nehurumende kana kuti kubvunza gweta rinokwaniriswa.

Nguva Yokutsvaka Rubatsiro Rwepamutemo Rwenyanzvi

Kunyange zvazvo murayiridzo uyu uchipa mashoko anobatsira panyaya dzedare, matare akawanda anoda kubatsirwa nenyanzvi.

  • Nyaya yacho inosanganisira nyaya dzematare dzakaoma kunzwisisa kana kuti mari yakawanda
  • Uri kupomerwa mhosva dzakakomba
  • Mutsigiri ane mufananidzo wepamutemo
  • Hausi kuziva kodzero dzako dzepamutemo kana kuti zvimwe zvaunosarudza
  • Nyaya yacho inosanganisira zvinodiwa nenyanzvi
  • Unonzwa uchikurirwa nomuitiro wapamutemo
  • Mugumisiro wacho uchava nemigumisiro inokosha yenguva refu

Magweta akawanda anobvunza pachena pakuvamba, achikubvumira kukurukura mugariro wako ndokuwana zano pamusoro pokuti unoda kumiririrwa here.

Kana usingagoni kuwana gweta, kuongorora mabasa okuyamura epamutemo, mapurogiramu eprobo, makiriniki ezvikoro zvemitemo, uye kutarisirwa kwakaganhurirwa (uko gweta rinobetsera namativi akati enhau yako panzvimbo pokumirira zvakazara). mamwe magweta anopa zvirongwa zvokuripira kana kuti mibhadharo inoderedzwa yakavakirwa pakuwana mari.

mhedziso

Kunyange zvazvo matare angaita seanotyisa, achinzwisisa mashandiro aanoita zvinhu, uye achigadzirira zvakakwana kuti zvizoshandiswa nemitemo, matare anokwanisa kutungamirira vanhu vagari vemo zvakanaka.

Kana uri kushanda mudare rinobetsera vatongi, kuzvimirira umene mudare duku, kana kuti kungotsvaka bedzi kunzwisisa maruramiro ako apamutemo, zivo namano anoshanda zvinogoverwa muiyi nhungamiro zvinopa hwaro hwokupinda nechivimbo negadziriro yedare. Yeuka kuti matare aripo kuti ashumire vanhu, uye zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvinowanika kubetsera vagari vemo kuita ruramisiro.

Kana ukashandisa zvivako zvinobatsira paIndaneti, masangano epamutemo, uye zvinhu zvokushandisa pakubatsira, unogona kunzwisisa zviri nani maitiro epamutemo uye kuita zvisarudzo zvauchiziva nezvenyaya dzako dzepamutemo.

Gadziriro yedare inoshanda zvakanakisisa apo vagari vemo vanonzwisisa kodzero dzavo nemitoro, vachitora rutivi nokushingaira mumiitiro yapamutemo, uye vanosvika matare nokugadzirira noruremekedzo. Nezivo inoshanda inobva muiyi nhungamiro, unoshongedzerwa zviri nani kufamba nebazu rinotonga uye uchiva nechokwadi chokuti inzwi rako rinonzwiwa mukuronda ruramisiro.