Raje Sabra, kana kuti Council of States, inobatira sekamuri rinodzosera muganhu weParamende yeIndia. Chimiro chayo chechigarire nemitezo inozununguka zvinogovera kupfuurira kunowirirana neLok Sabhaha. Muitiro uyo mutemo unova chiito muRajiya Sabhaha inorondedzerwa neBumbiro reMitemo reIndia neMitemo yeProcedure yeHurumende. Iyi purogiramu inovimbisa kuti chikamu chiri chose chomutemo chinowana nzvero yakakwana kumitezo inomirira mativi akasiyana- siyana enharaunda nezvamatongerwe enyika. Kunzwisisa kuiswa kwezvikwereti nezvirongwa zvemazaindemu kunokosha nokuda kwokunzwisisa mubatanidzwa wehurumende yeIndia nemutezo wokutonga hurumende.

Kushandiswa Kwemitemo

Muitiro wemitemo unobatanidza Raje Sabha unooneswa zvikurukuru muZvikamu 107 kusvikira ku 111 uye Chikamu 117 cheBumbiro reMitemo reIndia. Idzi nyaya dzinosimbisa ukama pakati pedzimba mbiri dzeParamende. Rajiya Sabhaha ane masimba akaenzana neLok Sabhaha munhau dzemitemo yakawanda, kubatanidza kugadziriswa kwemitemo, asi ane basa rakaderera zvikuru mukunyorwa kweMoney Bills. Iyi purogiramu inoratidza vavariro yokudzikamisa kumirira kwehurumende nechiremera cheLok Sabha yakasarudzwa zvakananga munhau dzemari. Mitemo inodzora bhizimisi muRajiya Sabbaha, jiro pasi peChikamu 118, inogovera basa rinodzorwa rakarongwa, nokurangarirwa kwezvikwereti.

Marudzi aMabhii Nokurapa Kwawo muRaje Sabra

Muitiro wokupfuudza mutongo nomuRaje Sabra unosiana zvikuru zvakavakirwa parudzi rwomutemo. Bumbiro remitemo rinoziva mapoka mana akasiyana- siyana emari: Mabhii avose, mari Bills, Financial Bills, uye Constitution Bills. Boka rimwe nerimwe rinotevera nzira yakasiana yemiitiro, zvikurukuru pamusoro pesimba reRajya Sabra rokuvamba, madendi, kana kuti kuramba mutemo.

Mabhiriyoniwo Zvawo

Mutengo wetsika unowanzopinzwa muImba yeParamende, kubatanidza Raja Sabha. Kana pepa rakabva muRajiya Sabba uye richipfuudzwa, rinotumirwa kuLok Sabba nokuda kwokubvumirana. Kana Lok Sabhaha ipfuudza pamutemo pasina kugadziriswa, inopiwa kuna Purezidhendi nokuda kwokuregiwa. Kana Lok Sabha achipfuudza muganhu nemhendimende, unodzorerwa kuRajiya Sabba kuti awirira. Kana dzimba mbiri dzikasagona kubvumirana parugwaro rwechibvumirano. Muchinoitika chakadaro, Purezidhendi angakoka mutendi wedzimba dzose dziri mbiri pasi pechikamu cha108. Kubva muna Loka anodzorerwa kuShabiko nguva nhatu, chiwiriranwa cheSaha.

Mabhiri emari

A Money Bill, inorondedzerwa zvikuru pasi peChikamu 110, inobata chose chose nenhau dzakadai semitero, hurumende kukwereta, uye Hurumende inowirirana paIndia. Mari Bill haigoni kutanga muRajiya Sabbaha. Inogona bedzi kuziviswa muLok Sabba parumbidzo yaPrezidhendi. Pakare painopiwa naLok Sabhaha, inopfuudzwa kuRajiya Sabhaha nokuda kwerumbidzo dzayo. Rajiya Sabhaha yakaganhurira masimba mugadziriro iyi. Inofanira kudzosera mari mukati memazuva ane gumi namana, nerumbidzo. Lobha kana kuti pasina rumbidzo. Mari inogona kubvumira kana kuti kuramba ipi kana kuti ipi yeidzi. Kana Rajaha ikundikana kudzorera pamutemo mukati nhambo inotemwaratisitirwa, chibvumirano chinorangarirwa kuva chipfupi. Saha chibvumirano chacho chinonzi chishamba chaitwa neSabi chisha. Saha hachigoni kupfumiswa naSaki, uye kusainwa mari.

Mabhiri Ezvemari

Mari yezvemari yakasiana neMoney Bills. Garadi I Financial Bills, inorondedzerwa pasi peChikamu 117 (1), ine gadziriro dzine chokuita nendyiko asi hadzibvumirwi seMari. Iyi mingava inoda rumbidzo yaPrezidhendi nokuda kwokusuma nokutora. Inogona kusumwa muImba. Type II Financial Bills, pasi peChikamu 117 (3), inobatanidza ndyiko neChikamu cheProfeza yeMari yeMali asi haibatani nemitero kana kuti kukwereta. Iyi mitero inogona kuvamba mudzimba dzose uye inobatwa semabhiriwo zvawo. Rajiya Sabba ine simba rakazara rokuva neSanity I neCrigist Livity Bills, kusiyana neChikamu II yeMarimetics apo simba rayo rinorumbidzwa zvikuru.

Mitemo Ye Amendeko

Bills anotsvaka kushandura Bumbiro reMitemo, rinodzorwa neChikamu 368, rinogona kutangwa muImba ipi neipi yeParamende. Havasi pasi peganhuriro dzinoshanda kuMari Bills. Kupfuudzwa, Gadziriro yeMitemo yeBill inofanira kutenderwa neyakawanda yemitezo yose yeImba imwe neimwe uye neyakawanda yemitezo inenge mitatu miviri yemitezo iripo nevokuvhota. Kana kusaya kwapanhau kubatanidzwa nenhau dzehurumende, kunofanira kutenderwawo nehafu yedzinogarwa. Rajiya Sabbaha ine simba rakaenzana neLok Sabha mugwehe rePrimendement. Kana Saryaha ikaramba kudzora muganhu weMitemo, haigoni kupfuurirazve, uye kusagona kubvumirwa neha hafu yeha yeha yeha yeha yezvibvumirano zvemitemo.

Zvikamu Zvishanu Zvebhiriwo Zvaro muRaje Sabhaha

Rwendo rwegweta reRaje Sabha rwakarongwa kuva nhanho shanu dzakasiyana - siyana. Nhengo imwe neimwe inogadzirirwa kuti ipe mikana yokuongorora, kukurukura, uye kunatsiridza.

Kutanga Kuverenga: Sumo

Nhengo yokutanga isumo yepepa. Mushumiri kana kuti mutezo wavanhu voga anotsvaka zororo reImba kuti azivise pamutemo. Kana Imba ikapa mari yokuenda, musundi anosuma gwaro kupfurikidza nokurava musoro wayo netsinhiro yezvinhu nezvikonzero. Hapana gakava pamusoro pezvinodikanwa zvegweta rinoitika padanho rino. Mutengo wacho unobudiswa ipapo muGazette yeIndia. Imba ingaraira kuti makopi epepa racho awanike kumitezo yose. Kutanga kusuma kumene kunogona kurwisana, uye vhoti inogona kutorwa kuti ibvumire kana kuti ibvumire surudzo.

Kuverenga Zvechipiri: Kufunga Nezvenheyo

Kurava kwechipiri inhambo yapamberi zvikurusa yegadziriro yemitemo. Kunoumbwa nemativi maviri ari pasi: kurukurirano yavose nerangariro yemashoko namashoko. Mukati mekurukurirano yavose, House gakava renheyo dziri pasi negadziriro dzakafara dzemitemo. Pano apa, Imba inogona kugamuchira imwe yekosi dzinoverengeka dzechiito. Inogonawo kutora mutemo wedition-rine rerangariro. Mushongedzo wacho unogona kunongedzera kudare rakasarudzwa rinobatanidza mitezo yeRayya Sabha, kana kuti kuDare reMitezo yose iri yose. Imba inogonawo kufambisa mutongo wedare rinowirirana noushumiri. Chikamu ichi chinoyera. Kana chikachichichichichizogamuchira chibvumirano chinenge chiri kupfurikidza kurangarira, kana kuti kurangarira dare racho.

Chikuva cheDare: Kunzvera Kunorondedzerwa

Kana dare rikanzi ripedzerwe kudare, bazi guru rinoshanda nedare redare reSarudzo nenzira ine udzame. Dare Rinosarudza kana kuti Dare Rokubatana rinoongorora chitsama chepepa nechikamu chemashoko. Dare rinonzwa ufakazi kubva kuvakuru vakuru, nyanzvi, uye vadzori vemitengo. Rinorangarira mifananidzo inobva kuvanhu vose. Dare rine simba rokugadzirisa pamutemo, uye kuongorora kwaro kunoitwa nokusatora rutivi. Dare rinopa mushumo waro kuImba, pamwe chete norugwaro rwakamonyaniswa rwepepa. Mitezo yedare inogona kuisa kupesana maminiti kana vakasabvumirana nemaonero evoruzhinji. Chiteshishishichi chikuru chirongwa chokuvandudza kunaka kwomutemo nokubvisa mamiriro ezvinhu. Matare ava kumira ava kuwedzera kukosha muchikamu ichi, kuongorora zvikwereti.

Mushumo Stage: Kurangarira kwaClaus

Pashure pokunge dare rapa mushumo waro, mushumo wacho unopinda muchikamu. House inoita mutongo sewataurwa nedare. Mitezo inogona kuendesa kumitemo yepepa panguva ino. Gavhuna weRajiya Sabhaha anoisa kugadziriswa kumwe nokumwe kwokuvhota. Kana kugadziriswa kwatogamuchirwa, kunova rutivi rwepepa. Chikamu chegimepu chechitsama chinova nokurangarira kuti rutivi rwuri rwose rwepepa runotenderwa zvakajeka neImba. Ndiko kukurukura kwezvamatongerwe enyika pamusoro pemashoko akarurama omutemo kunoitika. Mushumiri mukutungamirira mutemo anogona kugamuchira kugadziriswa kana kuti kushora kwehurumende. Chinyorwa chacho chose chinorangarirwa muudzamende kuti chive chive chiteveripo.

Kurava Kwechitatu: Ronga Kupfuura

Kurava kwechitatu inhano yokupedzisira muRaje Sabra. Nharo padanho rino inoganhurirwa kumifungo yenhau. Zvibvumirano bedzi zvetsika kana kuti zvokutaura zvinobvumirwa. Mitezo inogona kupikisana kana kuti kupesana nomurayiro wacho wose, asi haigoni kuunza tsinhirano itsva. Mukwidzi wepepa, kazhinji kazhinji mukuru mukuru, anowirirana, anopeta kurukurirano uye mhinduro kunhau huru dzakasimudzwa. Imba ipapo inovhotera kuti chibvumirano chacho chinopfuudzwa. Kana voruzhinji vemitezo iripo uye vanovhotera, mutongo wacho unorangarirwa naRayya Sabbaha. Ruzivo rwacho ipapo runopfuurira kuLob kana kuti rwakavamba muSjaha, kana kuti kupfuurirwa nokuda kweSarpal.

Kugadziridzwa Kwezvibvumirano muRaje Sabha

Zvibvumirano zvikarakadzo zvegadziriro zvokuchinja rugwaro rwebhiri. Zvinokosha kumuitiro wemitemo muRaje Sabha, sezvo zvinobvumira Imba kuchenesa mutezo. Muitiro wokufamba nokugamuchira gadziridzo unodzorwa nemitemo yorumano kuva nechokwadi chenhevedzano nerevo. Rajiya Sabha inozivikanwa nokuda kwomuitiro wayo wokugadziridza une udzame, kazhinji kazhinji kukuva nefambiro mberi huru mumitemo.

Zvikamu Zvevhunduko

Zvigadziriso zvinogona kuiswa mumarudzi anoverengeka. zviri nyore kugadziridza zvinosanganisira kuchinja kuduku kwokunyorwa kwechikamu. mipultive incictivestion[ kuchinja mutemo kana kuti mutemo wechibvumirano. [[FLT]] gadziridzo [[FLT] inoruramisa kunyora kana kuti kusaita zvakanaka. Kuchinja kunogona kutsvaka kubvisa chirevo, kuisa chitsama chitsamachi, kana kuti kutsiva gadziriro yakasiana. Zviteshinadzo zvinogonawo kusundwa kuronga, musoro murefu, kana kuti kupfupika kwechipfupikisa. Kusiyana pakati pekunyorwa kwechinyakareso chezviziviso. Kusiyana kwechipfuro chekunyorwa chitsaruso chetso chinonyorwa pachiteverwa.

Mitemo Inodzora Gadziriro

Rajiya Sabba's Mitemo ye Procedia inogadza mitemo yakananga nokuda kwokugadziriswa. Mutezo unofanira kupa ziviso nezvekugadziriswa kwechinhu rimwe zuva pamberi pokunge chikwereti chaitwa nokuda kwokurangarira. Chirevo cheChaimbwa chinogona kubvisa chinodikanwa ichi nokuda kwokugadziriswa kwechibvumirano. Kugadziriswa kunodzorwa nemhindu inodzorwa nePresidendi rePresa. Chikamu chedare chinosarudza kugadziriswa kwemiganhu. Chinjo inogona kudzoso kubviswa parumano kana kuti kubviswa panze pechinoro, kana kuti kubviswa panzvimbo charo. Kudzosorwa kusingabvumiraniwi nechisarudzo chakapfuura chinogamuchirwa napangurirwa nenhengo inote. Kana kusingabviswi, ikokwaniswa, uye kubviswa kubviswa. Kubviswa kwechinhu chinosariranwa kudzokororwa. Chisarira kudzodzodzodzodzodzo kunoitwa kunoitwa kupfurikidza nokusa. Chitsaro chaparo chapanguro, kana kuti chibvumikiswe chiteshi chiteshi chikabvumwa chikanwa chikanwa kuteshi chikanwanwanwanwa

Basa Rasachigaro Mugadziriro Ye Amendeji

Mutariri weRaja Sabha anoita basa guru mukugadziridzwa kwechinjo. Haaija ane chiremera chokubvuma kana kuti kuramba kugadziridzwa. Chiremba anogonawo kudana kuti kugadziridzwa kwekurukurirano yakarongeka. Simba rinovimbisa kuti chisarudzo chemuitiro wemitemo chinoramba chakarongeka uye kuti nguva iyoyo inoshandiswa zvakanaka.

Chisarudzo Chekusabvumirana: Kubatana Kugere

Apo Rajiya Sabba naLok Sabha havagoni kubvumirana pagweta ravose, Bumbiro reMitemo rinopa mutoo wokuputsa vhudzi. Pasi peChikamu 108, Purezidhendi anogona kudana Kugara pamwe chete kwedzimba dzose. Ichi chiitiko chisingazivikanwi muIndiya reparamende. Joint Livers inongoitika bedzi pashure pokunge Raja Sabba aramba mutemo unopfuudzwa neLok Sabba, kana kuti apo Dzimba dzakaramba kudzo dzogadzikwa, kana kuti apo mitezo yeLok Sabbaha yapfuudza mari inopfuudza chitsauko chazvo kubva pagorega mutengo weReya Sabha isati yapfuudzwa zvose zviri zviviri pamutemo. Pachiwiti chiSimba, Lokha, nemitezo 543, kana kuti mitezo yeSabata yeSakita yakapfumbira, iyo inopfuvura nhamba huru yemite yemite yemite yemite yeSarceswork inopfuurwa nokuda kweMite yeSay.

Kupfuura Kwokupedzisira Nechibvumirano chaPurezidhendi

Kana mutengo wangopfuura bedzi mumatanho ose ari maviri anokosha muImba dzeParamende. Mutevedzeri wacho anopiwawo kuna Purezidhendi kuti atende. Basa raPrezidhendi inhano yokupedzisira mugadziriro yomutemo. MuChikamu 111, Purezidhendi anogona kupa chibvumirano kumutemo, pashure payo ichiva gwaro remitemo uye inoiswa pabhuku remitemo. Muteveri anogona kudzosa, zvinobudirira kuendesa mari, kunyange zvazvo iri shoma. Nokuti mari inopfuura mari Bills, Mutungamiriri weProfeti anogona kudzorera mari neshoko rinokumbira kurangarirwazve. Kana dzimba dzose dziri mbiri dzichipfuurazve pamutemo, kana kuti pasina kutenderwa, Purezidhendia anofanira kupa somugo. Anofanira kutumira simba rekudzosaidzoro remarisito kudzosa asi anogona kudzoserazve kudzokororwa kwemitemo. Muteveri wemitemo inodzoro yomutemo unotenderwa mumutauro weChirungu.