Chitanga Kukurukurwa: Nei Tichifanira Kunzwisisa Kupa Mitemo

Muitiro wokuita mitemo muUnited States unomirira mumwe wemiitiro yakasanogadzirwa nokuda kwokushandura vanhu kuva muitiro wokutonga. Kuvambira pamavambo okutanga epfungwa kusvikira panguva ino kuva mutemo, rwendo runobatanidza kurangarira, kubvumirana, uye kunzvera kwakakomba mumapazu akawanda ehurumende. Nokuda kwavadzidzi, vadzidzi, uye vagari vemo vakarongeka, kunzwisisa uyu muitiro unokosha kwete bedzi nokuda kwokugona kunyora nevoruzhinji asiwo nokuda kwokuziva kuti vanhuwo zvavo vanogona sei kupesvedzera mitemo inoumba upenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva.

Kunzwisisa gadziriro yomutemo kunozivisawo chimwe chinhu chikuru pamusoro pehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica: kunononoka namaune. Vagadziri veBumbiro reMitemo vakavaka rwisano mugadziriro kuva nechokwadi chokuti mitemo haisati ichizopfuudzwa nokukurumidza. Chikuva chiri chose — kubva pakutonga kwedare kusvikira kunharo dzapauriri kusvikira kumatare edare kuKutonga kwemasangano — vaongorori kuzvinetso zvokunze, nharo, uye vanovaka bvumirano. Nyaya ino inofamba nhano imwe neimwe muudzame, kubva pachikarakadzo kusvikira kusitina chapurezidhendi, naizvozvo unogona kuona chaizvoizvo kuti pfungwa inova sei mutemo.

Mavambo Emitemo: Kutangira Mitemo

Pfungwa dzinova mitemo dzinogona kubva muzvinhu zvakawanda, uye kunzwisisa mavambo aya kunobatsira kuderedza mashandisiro anoita tsika yacho kuzvinhu zvinodiwa nevanhu.

Manyuko Epfungwa Dzomutemo

Zvikarakadzo zvemitemo zvinogona kubva:

  • Mitezo yeDare imene, kazhinji kazhinji ichishandisa unyanzvi hwomunhu oga, zvinodikanwa zvoruwa, kana kuti zvipikirwa zvenhimbe
  • Purezidhendi namasangano ebazu anotungamirira, ayo anowanzokarakadza mutemo unowirirana negadziriro dzezvirongwa zvehurumende
  • [ Mapoka akanyanya uye masangano okutengesa vanhu [ anomirira maindasitiri akati, zvinokonzera, kana kuti nzanga
  • [[[FK:0] Vamiririri navagari vemo [ vanotaura navamiriri vavo nezvikarakadzo kana kuti zvikarakadzo
  • Matanki okufunga uye vanzveri vedzidzo vanotanga zvikarakadzo zvemiitiro zvakavakirwa paufakazi nenzvero
  • Chitatiko nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo izvo zvinoedza mitemo pamwero muduku zvikuru pamberi pokurera mwana womubatanidzwa

Kana pfungwa yangowana bedzi chinyorwa, nhano inotevera ndeyokuishandura mumutauro wakarongwa wepepa. Uyu muitiro wokunyora unowanzobatwa nezano remitemo — magweta anoshanda nokuda kweCongress uye anova nechokwadi chokuti mutauro wepepa racho wakarurama, wapamutemo, uye unowirirana nemirau iripo.

Basa Rezvipo Zvesimbi

Mutengo mumwe nomumwe unofanira kuva nomutsigiri — mutezo weCongress uyo anousuma nenzira yakarongwa. Zita romutsigiri rinova rakabatanidzwa zvechigarire kubhiri, uye ivo vanobatira somutsigiri wavo mukuru mumuitiro wemitemo. Muitiro, mabhiri kazhinji kazhinji ane vatsigiri vazhinji vanoratidzira tsigiro yavo nebetsero. Chibvumirano chine vatsigiri vazhinji vemaconsors, zvikurukuru vanobva kumativi ose ari maviri, chine bviro huru yokufambira mberi kupfurikidza nedare.

Sumo Yebhiri: Kupinda Mutambo Wepamutemo

Kana bhiri rangonyorwa bedzi, rinofanira kusumwa muImba yaVamiririri kana kuti zvimwe Dare.

Michina Yokutanga

MuImba, nhengo inoisa bhiri mu "Enteer" — bhokisi remiti padhesiki romunyori. Mudare, mutarisiri wedare anozivisa mutengi wacho pauriri. Mutengi wacho unozopiwa nhamba (muchib., H.R. 1234 muImba kana kuti S. 567 muDare redare) uye musoro wedare. Rinodhindwa uye rinobudiswa pachena kupfurikidza neHofisi yeHurumende yokubudisa mabhuku uye mapepa eIndaneti seCongress.gov.

Nguva ino yokutanga yakakomba nemhaka yokuti inonyandura muitiro wemitemo. Dare racho rinonongedzerwa kudare rimwe kana kuti akawanda rakavakirwa panhau yaro, uye wachi inovamba kurangarira chinogona kuva rwendo rurefu rwokuisa kana kuti kukunda.

Gadziriro yeDare: Uko Mabhiri Anoedzwa uye Anoumbwa

Gadziriro yedare inowanzonzi "Battscorres," uye nokuda kwechikonzero chakanaka. Matare ndiwo anonzvera mutemo zvakadzama zvikurusa. Mapoka anokosha eCongress anonangidzira ngwariro panzvimbo chaidzo dzemiitiro — masangano ane zvombo, dzidzo, simba, mari, utano, uye mamwe akawanda.

Dare Rokutsiva uye Referral

Apo bhiri rinotangwa, mutarisiri weparamende mudare rimwe nerimwe anosarudza kuti itarei rine dare. Mimwe mitero inonongedzerwa kumatare akawanda, muitiro unozivikanwa sesequential setterral relateral, uyo unogona kunonotsa fambiro mberi. MuCongress yazvino uno, mabhiri mazhinjisa anonongedzerwa kudare rimwe kuti ridzokorore muitiro wacho.

Matare ane simba guru pamusoro pejambwa rechikwereti. Anogona:

  • Munofanira kutongerwa uchapupu hunobva kunyanzvi, vatarisiri vemari, uye vakuru vakuru vehurumende
  • Kunyora zvinyorwa zvehurumende zvekugadzira
  • Chengeta kuti unyore mutero wacho kunzvimbo yakazara
  • Tarisa mutongo we— uchiuuraya nenzira inobudirira pasina kuvhota kwakazara kwouriri
  • Kana kuti usaita chimwe chinhu, muromo wacho unofa chinyararire

Kunzwa: Kuunganidza Mashoko uye Kuvaka Mashoko Acho

Mitongo ipurogiramu yavose umo matare anokoka zvapupu kuti zvipupurire pamusoro petapuro yegweta. Zvapupu zvingabatanidza vanyori vedare, nyanzvi dzedzidzo, vamiriri veindasitiri, vatungamiriri vasingapinzi mhindu, uye vagariwo zvavo vanotapurwa nomutemo unokarakadzwa. Uku kunzwa kunobatira zvinangwa zvakawanda: zvinodzidzisa mitezo, zvinoparira ngwariro yezvinobudisa nhau, uye zvinovaka chinyorwa chavose chinogona kushandiswa kudzivirira mutengo gare gare.

Mashoko akanyorwa uye uchapupu hwakanyorwa zvinova zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinozivikanwa nematare emitemo, izvo zvingabvunzwa paanenge achidudzira mutemo pashure pokunge wapfuura.

Kuoneka Kwazvinoita: Kudzoserazve Bhirogiramu Yacho

Pashure pokunzwa, dare rinoenda kukupa — nzvimbo uko mitezo inokarakadza nokuvhota pagadziridzo. Pano ndipo apo mutauro wepepa unoumbwa muudzame. Mitezo yeDare inogona kupa gadziridzo idzo dzinowedzera gadziriro, kurovanya, kana kuti gadziridzo dzakati. Muitiro wokupa unozivisa masimba ezvamatongerwe enyika ari kutamba: uko gadziriro dzisingabviri, uko kubvumiraniswa kunenge kuchibvira, uye uko mitezo inoiswa zvikurusa mumuuyo.

Kana kubhadharwa kwapera, dare rinovhota kana richifanira kushuma mutero wacho. Kana chikwereti chikapera, chinoperekedzwa nomushumo wedare unotsanangura chinangwa chemari, kugadziridzwa kwakaitwa, uye kurangarira kwedare. Mushumo uyu mutezo unokosha wekamuri rakazara mukati mekurukurirano.

Nharo Dzakaoma: Dare Rakazara Rinoyera Mumusoro

Kukurukurirana kwemitemo yeuriri kunosiyana zvikuru pakati pemakamuri maviri, zvichiita kuti pave nemashandiro akasiyana - siyana.

Nharo Muimba Yavamiriri

Imba inoshanda mumirau ine simba yakagadzirirwa kufambisa mutemo zvakanaka. Mitemo Committee — dare rine simba muwiro yayo pacharo yerudyi —itsuwa dzinotanga `mitemo" inoisa mifungo yekurukurirano: kuti rutivi rumwe norumwe runowana nguva yakadini, iyo inogadziriswa inogona kupiwa, uye munhevedzanoi. Mitemo mizhinji inoganhurira gadziridzo dzinokosha, muitiro unochengeta kurukurirano asi unonangidzirawo simba mubato guru.

Kukurukurirana kwouriri hwemba kunogadzikiswa nenguva pakati pevatsigiri nevashori.Nhengo dzinotaura dziri pamberi pekamuri, uye mashoko adzo anoganhurirwa kumaminiti mashomanene mumwe nomumwe. mukuru mukuru anodzikamisa ganhuriro dzenguva uye anovimbisa kuti gakava rinoramba rakasimba kupepa riripo.

Nharo Dzakanaka Mudare

Dare rinoita zvakasiyana zvikuru. Mitemo yaro inobvumira kurukurirano yakatambanudzwa, uye vamiriri vane maruramiro okutaura chero bedzi vachishuva pamusoro upi noupi wenhau — kunyange mumwe asingawirirani nomurayiro. iyi gamuchidzanwa rekurukurirano isina kuganhurirwa rinopa kumonitor, unyanzvi umo mumwe kana kuti varevereri vanotaura kwamaawa akawanda kuti vanonoze kana kuti vadzivise vhoti.

Kugumisa chibvumirano chebhiriti, Dare rinofanira kukumbira kupfuudzwa, uko kunoda vhoti yemibato mikuru mitatu (60 mu100 vasenternator). Ichi chikumbaridzo chakakwirira chinoreva kuti zvikwereti zvakawanda muDare zvinoda tsigiro yebhiparti kuti ifambire mberi, kunyange kana voruzhinjiwo zvavo vaizosarudza kuzvipfuudza. Chinoumbabuster ndechimwe chemativi anoitiranwa nharo zvikurusa egadziriro yeDare, chinorumbidzwa navamwe somudziviriri wekodzero shomanene uye chinotsoropodzwa navamwe sechishandiso chokudzivisa.

Painoguma, Dare rinoita kuti rirangarire kugadziridza. Kusafanana neImba, Dare harina dare remitemo yapakati; panzvimbo pezvo, kugadziriswa kunogoverwa munhevedzano ipi neipi inorongwa nomutungamiriri mukuru. Kunonzi "vote-a-rama" — kutevedzana kwokukurumidza kwemira mwoto kwevhoti — kazhinji kazhinji kunoitika pamberi pokupedzisira.

Kufara: Chido Chokusarudza

Kukakavadzana kwapera, mari yacho inosarudzwa nevoti uye mavhoti anoshandiswa anoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu.

Marudzi Ane Murairo Nerevo Dzawo

  • [[FLT: 0] Vota: Mitezo inodana kuti "yeya" kana kuti "aiwa," uye mutongi anotungamirira divi riri guru. Inoshandiswa nokuda kwezvikwereti zvisina kubatanidzwa apo muuyo wakajeka.
  • Mitezo yewiropu: inofanira kuverengwa. Inopa nguva yakashata asi hainyore nzvimbo dzayo.
  • govera danidzo: Sarudzo yenhengo imwe neimwe yakanyorwa imwe neimwe. Iyi inzira inoonesa zvikurusa uye inoshandiswa nokuda kwezvikwereti zvenharo kana kuti apo mutezo upi noupi unoikumbira. Kuvhota kwamabhora kunowanika pachena uye kunoumba hwaro hwezvinyorwa zvokuvhotera zvavagadziri vemutemo.

Kana muromo wacho ukapfuura mune imwe kamuri, unopfuudzwa kune imwe kamuri, uko muitiro wose — hwirudzuro, gakava rouriri, kuvhota — kupeta. Kamuri rechipiri ringapfuudza mutongo wacho chaizvoizvo sezvawakagamuchira, kuupfuudza netsumo, kana kuti kusaita chiito.

Dare Romusangano: Kugadzirisa Kusawirirana

Apo Imba neDare zvinopfuudza zvimiro zvakasiana - siana zvemutemo mumwe chetewo, misiano inofanira kupedzwa mutongo usati wagona kuenda kuna Purezidhendi. Iyi yananiso inoitika kupfurikidza nedare romusangano, boka rechinguvana, ravanoronga mitemo vakagadzwa kukurukura kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira.

Mashandiro Anoita Matare Emisangano

Matare esangano anoumbwa nemitezo yavakuru inobva mumatare ayo aibata pakuvamba mutero mukamuri rimwe nerimwe. Imba neDare kugadza kumwe nokumwe kwemitezo yeboka ramasangano mazhinji neshoma. Vapiona vanosangana (kazhinji kazhinji pachivande) kuti vaone misiyano, kuita shavo negadziridzo kuti vabudise shanduro imwe, yakabatana yepepa.

Basa redare redare redare rinodzorwa no "mushumo wokusabvumirana" uno udzame hweshanduro yokupedzisira uye unotsanangura chinjo dzinoitwa. Mushumo uyu haugoni kugadziriswa pauriri; Imba neDare zvinofanira kuuvhota kana kuti kuugadzirisa. Kana makamuri ose ari maviri achitendera mushumo wedare, mari yacho yagadzirirwa Purezidhendi.

Chiito Chapurezidhendi: Nhano Yokupedzisira

Kana mahofisi ose ari maviri eCongress angopa mutemo wakafanana, anonyoresa ndokuupiwa kuna Purezidhendi wacho ane mazuva 10 (kuwedzera maSvondo) okuita chiito papepa racho.

Kuisa Bhiro racho Mumutemo

Kana Purezidhendi akasaina gwaro racho, rinova mutemo pakarepo kana kuti pamusi wakataurwa mumutemo.Phinda mhemberero dzokusaina dzinowanzova zviitiko zvavose umo Purezidhendi anobvuma vaiti vemitemo navatsigiri vaishanda papepa. Gwaro rakasainwa rinogoverwa nhamba yomutemo wavose (se., Mutemo wavose 118-50) uye rinosimbiswa muBumbiro reUnited States.

Simba Reveto

Purezidhendi angapawo mutongo wacho, achiudzorera kuCongress nemashoko anotsanangura zvirambidzo.

Mapurezidhendi anewo chisarudzo chechitatu: chirevo chehomwe. Kana Purezidhendi asingaiti chiito nePuarces munhambo yezuva 10, mutongo unofa pasina chirevo chetsika. Kana Dare rikaramba riri murusando uye Purezidhendi asingaiti chiito, mutongo wacho unova mutemo pashure pamazuva 10.

Nei Kugadzira Mitemo Kuchikosha Kuupenyu Hwouviri

Muitiro wokuita mutemo hausiwo zvawo muitiro wekuda kuziva — ndiwo mutoo uyo hurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica inoshandura nawo vanhu kuva vane chiremera. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe, kubvira pakutongwa kwedare kusvikira kukuvhota kusvikira kukurukurirano dzemusangano, chinoparira mikana yemubato, kurukurirano, uye kuzvidavirira. Vagari vanonzwisisa uyu vakashongedzerwa zviri nani kuti vabatane naro: vanogona kupupurira pakunzwa, kukurukura navamiririri vavo mukati mekurukurirano youriri, uye kuvhota nokuziva kuti vamiriri vavo vanoshanda sei mudare nomuuriri.

Vadzidzisi vanowanawo mutemo unobatsira chaizvo pakudzidzisa vanhu.

Mugumisiro: Kubva Papfungwa Kuenda Kumutemo

Rwendo runobva pachikarakadzo chemitemo kuenda kusigina yaPurezidhendi rurefu, runodzorwa, uye rwakazara nemhinganidzo. Ndirwo runobva pakugadzira. Vagadziri veBumbiro reMitemo vakaita gadziriro yaizoderedza kugadzirwa kwemitemo namaune, inoda bvumirano yakafara nezvikamu zvizhinji zvehwirudzuro. Muuyo muitiro unogona kuva unokangaidza uye unononotsa — asiwo uyo anoita mitemo yakaedzwa, yakakurukurwa, uye yakaumbwa namaoko akawanda.

Kunzwisisa muitiro uyu kunosimbisa vadzidzi, vadzidzi, uye vagari vemo kuti vatsigire zvinobudirira zvikuru muupenyu hwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Kunoratidza kuti mitemo haipiwi ichibva kumusoro asi ichibereko chenhamburiko yomunhu, kurukurirano, uye kupfuurira.

Nokuda kwokuraviwazve pamuitiro wewirusanzuru, bvunza . gov chinotungamirira chibvumirano chemitemo ne shopu dzeNational Archive Regional regional for profiles. [[FLT:] SATE] yejekedzo yehurumende yemuitiro wewiro yewirowis uye [[FLT]] Imba Dare reMitemo yeMitemo yeSangano yeSangano yeSangano reSangano reP. inopa udzaro hwokuwedzera nokuda kwaavo vanoda kunzvera udzadzadzanuro.