Chikonzero Nei Kuona Zvinhu Sezviri Kure kweHurumende Kusingabviri

Kuona zviri pachena kwehurumende ndiko kunotangira hurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu inoshanda. Pasina iko, vagari vemo vanoramba vasina chokwadi pamusoro penzira inoitwa nayo zvisarudzo, mashandisirwe emari yavose, uye kana vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa vari kuita mufariro yavose. Kuona chitarisiko kunopfuura kungogutsa kuda kuziva; kunoparira gadziriro yechekedzo nedzikamo zvinochengeta simba richizvidavirira. Kana hurumende dzichishanda pachena, dzinoderedza ngozi youori, kusatarisira zvakanaka, uye kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwechiremera. Vagari vemo vanogona kuona zviri kuitwa nehurumende yavo vane bvimbo rakati ringangova rinoshandiswa nokuchenjera zvikuru uye zvisarudzo zvemitero zvinoitwa zvakavakirwa paufakazi, kwete chizivano.

Maererano nenhau dzakaitika, kumanikidzwa kuoneka kwakatungamirira kumutemo unokosha wakadai seFreedom of Information Act (FOIA) muUnited States nemitemo yakafanana munyika dzinopfuura 100. Mitemo iyi inopa vagari vemo kodzero yepamutemo yokuwana zvinyorwa zvehurumende nedata. Asi kuva nemitemo hakuna kukwana. Nhengo inofanira kubudiswa ichiita zvokutepfekerwa, mumitemo iyo vagari vemo nevanyori venhau vanogona kushandisa. Ndiko uko mashoko akazaruka anopinda sechishandiso chinoshandura.

Kurondedzera Mashoko Akazarurwa: Haasi Mashoko Evanhu Vose Chete

Mashoko akavhurika anonongedzera kumashoko anowanika paIndaneti, asingabhadhari, akagadzirwa, akagadzirwa, anokwanisa kunyorwa nomunhu upi noupi, anogona kuashandisa, uye kugovera. Anopfuura zvikuru mishumo yePDF kana kuti magwaro akaongororwa. Mashoko echokwadi akagadzirirwa kuva anogadzirirwa kuti adzoreke uye ashande pamwe chete. Hurumende munyika yose zvino dzinobudisa mashoko akazaruka pamusoro pemabhajeti, mari, utano, dzidzo, zvifambiso, nhamba dzoutsotsi, mamiriro emhoteredzo, uye mamwe.

Zvinhu Zvinoratidza Kuti Mashoko Aya Asiri Oga Akanyorwa

Kuti mashoko akwanirise seakazaruka, anofanira kusvitsa mipimo yakananga inoverengeka, sezvinorondedzerwa neOpen Psychlorence ndokusimudzirwa namasangano akadai seOpen Data Charter:

  • [ Tsitsi dzakavhurika: dzinofanira kuva dzinowanika pachena pasina kudzorwa kupi nokupi, mubhadharo, kana kuti kuganhurira.
  • [[FT:0] Maturaial Readdiation:[[FT:1] Magadzirirwo akadai seCSV, JSON, XML, kana AP ibvumidza kugadzirwa nokuongororwa.
  • [[FURO:0] Non-propritary:[[[FL:1] Hapana mutengesi mumwe kana chikuva zvinofanira kuva nemashoko. Inofanira kushandisa mipimo yakazaruka.
  • Kufamba kwenguva:[ Tsitsi inofanira kubudiswa nokukurumidza sezvinobvira pashure pokuunganidzwa, munguva chaiyo chaiyo nokuda kwemibatanidzwa mikuru semigumisiro yebhajeti kana kuti sanzvero.
  • Kukwana: Tsamba dzinofanira kubatanidza zvinyorwa zvose zviripo, kwete zvikamu zviduku zvinotorwa izvo zvinoda nhauro yakati.
  • Ricens: Raisensi yakavhurika (yakadai seChizivikanwo kana kuti ODbL) inopa zvakajeka mvumo yokushandisazve, gadziridzo, uye kuparadzira mashoko.

Pasina izvi zvinhu, mashoko anoramba akajeka, anowanika murondedzero asi asingashandiswi. Hurumende dzakawanda dzichiri kutadza kuita izvi, dzichibudisa maPDF panzvimbo pemasefadhikopi kana kuti kudikanisa vashandisi kuti vanyore zvikumbiro zvemakombiyuta papepa rimwe nerimwe.

Kuparadzana Kwemadhimoni Kwemashoko Asiri Oga

Hurumende padzinovhura mashoko, zvinobatsira zvakawanda munzanga munzira dzinosimbisa utano hwehurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu zvakananga uye zvisina kunanga.

Kupa Simba Vagari Vemo Nenzanga Yavagari Vemo

Mashoko anowanika anopa vagari vemowo zvavo zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa kuti vasarudze. Vatori venhau vanogona kunzvera ndyiko dzehurumende kuti vawanike tsvina. Mapoka anorinda anogona kuronda mvumo dzemhoteredzo nemwero yokushatisa. Vabereki vanogona kuenzanisa kushanda kwedzidzo yechikoro. Somuenzaniso, muKenya, Dare reOpen Data Rinobudisa bhajeti remari inoronga uye mashoko, kugonesa vagari vemo nezvinobudisa nhau kuti vasarudze kusafamba zvakanaka. Nomutooo wazvo, .gov Chikuva chezvikuva muUnited States chinopa mativi emari anopfuura 200 000 ayo anofambiswa namano anonzvera kugura chikamu chiri chose.

Kutyaira Uchiziva Kuitwa Kwechisarudzo

Kuwana mashoko azvino, akavimbika kunobvumira vavhoti kuti vaite zvisarudzo zvezivo pabhokisi rebhukwana. Vanogona kuenzanisa marekodhi evanoda kusarudzwa, mipiro yemari yokuronga nhimbe, uye kunzwisisa migumisiro chaiyo yezvikarakadzo zvemitemo.

Kukurudzira uye Kukosha Kwemari

Chikamu chavanhu uye mapurofiti akagadzira mabhizimisi ose pamashoko ehurumende akavhurika. Apps dzokufambisa anoshandisa nguva chaiyo yezvinofamba nemashoko okufambisa. Mazambiringa evhu anoshandisa mamiriro okunze nemashoko evhu kubetsera varimi. Vaongorori vezvoutano vanoshandisa mashoko emurwere asingataurwi kuti vakurire kupararira kwehosha. Kunzvera kwa2019 kwakaitwa neEuropean Data Portal kwakafungidzira ukoshi hwemari hwemashoko akazaruka muEU pamabhiriyoni 200 eyuro gore negore. Apo michina inodzokorodza norusununguko, kugadzirwa kunotevera.

Kuvandudza Kubudirira Kwehurumende

Vharai mashoko anobetserawo hurumende dzimene. Kupfurikidza nokubudisa mashoko pachena, masangano anogona kuziva redmundancies, markmark, uye kuderedza mutoro wezvikumbiro zveFOIA. Kugoverana kwemipimo yapamwoyo kunovandudza apo mipimo yakazaruka inogamuchirwa. Somuenzaniso, United Kingdom’s data. uk yakabetsera kuderedza ndyiko kupfurikidza nokushandisa mashoko emo mukati mehurumende dzomunharaunda.

Mapiona Chaiwoiwo Enyika Eziviso Dzehurumende Dzakazaruka

Maguta akawanda nenyika zvakaratidza kuti mashoko ari pachena haasati ari pfungwa yerondedzero asi chinhu chaichoicho chinoshanda nemigumisiro ingagona kutsungirirwa.

United States: Data.gov uye Kupfuura

Yakatangwa muna 2009, Data.gov yakanga iri imwe yemitemo yokutanga yavose yenhau yavose yenyika. Inoisa mashoko pachinhu chiri chose kubva kumamiriro okunze kusvikira kudzidzo. Chikuva chinogoverawo muvaki API nemidziyo yenzanga. Zvisinei, kugadzirwa kunosiyana nehurumende yomunzvimbomo; maguta akaita seNew York neChicago ane masuo azvo amene akabudirira okupinza mashoko akazaruka anoita kuti ruzivo rwehurumende nekujeka zvishake.

United Kingdom: Mutungamiriri Wenyika Yose Mumashoko Asiri Oga

Mitauro yeUK.gov.uk rutivi rwezvibvumirano zveOpen Government Prinetship (OGP). Yakamutsa mapepa ane ukoshi hwakakwirira munharaunda dzakadai sokushandisa kuoneka, mapepa ekambani, uye mashoko enzvimbo. UK yakatangawo Open Data Institute (ODI) kunzvera miitiro yakanakisisa uye kurovedza vashandi vepanharaunda yavose. Mugumisiro: kuwedzerwa kuvimba mumasangano avose uye mamiriro ezvinhu okutanga akabudirira anoshandisa mashoko ehurumende akavhurika.

Barcelona, Spain: Guta - Wide Risingawaniki

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . guta rinovhura mashoko emabharatori nepurogiramu dzedzidzo kuti iva nechokwadi chokuti vagari vemo vanogona chaizvoizvo kushandisa mashoko. Somuenzaniso, app yakavakirwa pamifungo yokufamba yapamusha yeBarcelona inobetsera vagari kuronga nzira dzinoda kufambiswa neushamwari zvikurusa muguta.

Kenya: Mashoko Anowanika Anobatsira Kufambira Mberi

Kokorodzano dzeKenya inonzi Open Data Initiative (data.go) dzakatanga muna 2011 sebasa rokupayona muAfrica. Rakabudisa mashoko emari yenyika, mari yakashandiswa munyika, migumisiro yedzidzo, uye vagadziri venzvimbo dzeutano. Vatori venhau vakashandisa mashoko acho kufukura vashandi vezvipopo papepa remubhadharo, vachichengetedza mamiriyoni emadhora. Pasinei nokuti kune zvinetso mukurumbira uye kugadziridzwa kwemapepa, Kenya ichiri muenzaniso wakasimba wekurwisa uori muhurumende dzinotonga nyika.

Kukunda Zvipingamupinyi Zvokuti Mashoko Abudirire

Kunzwisisa matambudziko aya kunokosha pakugadzira mapurogiramu anobatsira pakuona panenge paine painenge paine painenge yabuda.

Kuva Wega Kwemashoko uye Kuchengeteka

Kupesana pakati pekuona nokuvandika ndekwechokwadi. Zvikamu zvemashoko zvokubudisa zvisingazivikanwi zvinogona kufumura zvisingazivikanwi somunhu oga (PII). Somuenzaniso, kubudisa utano kana kuti mashoko outsotsi pasina kuzivikanwa kwakafanira kunogona kuzivisa vanhu. Hurumende dzinofanira kuisa dzikamo yokungwarira, dzichishandisa unyanzvi hwakafanana neagruction, uye deiction. The European Union’s General Data Protection Regial Regial (GDPR) inogonawo kuisa mitemo yorumano, asi inogonawo kushandiswa kururamisa miitiro isiri youtratabhengi kana isati ikashandiswa nenzira yokufunga.

Kupikiswa Kweunyanzvi Nemanyuko

Masangano akawanda ehurumende haana mabhajeti, vashandi, kana unyanzvi hwokuvaka nokuchengeta mapepa amashoko akazaruka. Gadziriro dzenhaka dzingasatumira mashoko mumichina inonyorwa. Kunyange apo mahomberi anenge aripo, mapepa asina kutsarukana, mitauro inoshayikwa yemitengo, uye marekodha akavhurika anodzokororwa mapepa anoshandiswa kushayisa purofiti. Kuronzesa mashoko akaza pachena kunoda kuchengetwa muIT mibatanidzwa yezvinhu uye kurovedzwa.

Kunaka Kwemashoko uye Kuvimba

Kana mashoko anobudiswa ava echinyakare, asina kururama, kana kuti asina kukwana, anosekesa chivimbo chaicho icho chokuona paine chinangwa chokuvaka. Vagari vanowana zvikanganiso mumashoko ehurumende vangasavimba pane kuvimbisa. Vara rinopa basa rinoda kushanda, nzira dzokupa mashoko dzinoshandiswa, uye kuongorora nguva dzose. Dzimwe hurumende dzakatanga mipimo yemaidi yakazaruka uye dzinogovera mipimo yokushuma zvikanganiso.

Kuramba Zvematongerwe Enyika Nechinzvimbo Choutongi

Vatungamiriri vezvamatongerwe enyika vangadzivisa kubudisa mashoko angagona kushandiswa mukurwisana navo mukusarudza. Vatarisiri vebasa vamabasa vangatya kuti basa ravo richanzverwa. Kukurira uku kudzivisa kunoda mirairo yakasimba yemitemo, dzvinyiriro yavagari vemo, uye chinjo yetsika kukutarira mashoko akazaruka sechishandiso chokudzora chiri nani panzvimbo petyisidziro.

Kuvaka Musangano: Nzira Yokufambira Nayo Pamberi Pamashoko Munzanga Yenyu

Vagari vemo, vatori venhau, nyanzvi dzematechnology, uye vatsigiri vose vane mabasa okuita mukufambisira mberi mashoko akazaruka.Heano matanho chaiwo anogona kuita musiyano.

Mutsigiri Wounyanzvi Hwokudzidza

Pundura hurumende dzomunzvimbomo, nyika, uye dzenyika kuti dzigamuchire mirau yemashoko yakazaruka. Izvi zvinofanira kuda masangano kubudisa mashoko ane ukoshi hwakakwirira, anoshandisa mafomu akavhurwa, pasi perezinesi. Mitemo yakanakisisa inobatanidza mipimo yenguva, mipimo mishomanene yemashoko, uye kusununguka kutoti kushata chaiko.

Kunyora Nokunyora Nokunyora

Mashoko anowanika anokosha kana vanhu vachigona kuashandisa. Rongai zvirongwa zvokurovedza vatori venhau, mapoka enzanga, uye vadzidzi. Shandisai maraibhurari kuti awane makiriniki emashoko. Itai maraibhurari anoratidza simba remashoko(muenzaniso), kuronga kuti mari yebhajeti yemongi ichaiswa muchikoro kana kuti zvikamu zvechikoro. Kana vanhu vakawanda vakaona migumisiro yakajeka, vachada mashoko akawanda akazaruka.

Kubatana Nevatsigiri Vehurumende

Ziva vakuru vakuru kana vashandi vesangano vane tsitsi vanodavira kuti zvinhu zviripo.Kumbira kuti uvabatsire kunyora mabhuku uye kunyora mashoko akachena.

Kushandisa uye Kuzivisa Mashoko Asiripo

Nzira yakanakisisa yokuratidza kuti mashoko aripo ndeekuashandisa. Kuvaka website, kunyora pagedhi, kugadzira mashoko, kana kuti kugadzira app. Kana zvasarudzwa, ita basa rako zvakafara. Vakuru vakuru pavanoona vagari vemo vachibatanidzwa nemashoko ($uye pavanozowana mashoko akanaka anenge achibudiswa muzvinobudisa nhau, vanenge vava kuda kuisa mari yakawanda mumapurogiramu emashoko.

Ruzivo Rwezvigadzirwa Ruri Mumashoko Anowanika: Zvinodzidziswa uye Mitemo

Mitemo yazvino uno yakazaruka inotsamira pamipimo yakasimba yemibato. Hurumende zhinji dzinogamuchira zvikuva zvakatsaurirwa zvakadai seCKAN, Socrata, kana kuti DKAN (chigadzikiso chakavakirwa paDrupal). Iyi miitiro inogovera kuronga, kutsvaka, API kusvika, uye misara yokuona. Nenzira inowedzera, hurumende dziri kugadzirawo mapaipi emashoko chaiwoiwo enguva inoshandisa APIS namabasa anoyerera, izvo zvinobvumira vagari vemo kuona mashoko mapenyu paifambiswa, kunaka kwemhepo, uye mari.

Yakabatanidzwa nezvisarudzo zvemipimo. Kushandiswa kwemipimo yavose yemazita, zvakadai seInternational Aid Transparency Initiative (IATATI) mupimo weyamuro yokunze kana kuti mupimo weOpen311 wezvikumbiro zvebasa romunzanga, inovimbisa kuti mahwendefa anobva kumasangano akasiyana anogona kubatanidzwa uye kuenzaniswa. Nenzira yakafanana, kugamuchira mashoko eDCAT nokuda kwemabhuku emashoko anovandudza kuwanikwa kwemicheto yemasuo.

Kubatanidza Zvinotaura Utano Hwedemocratic: Rood Readback Inopfuurira

Mashoko akavhurika haangoerekani achibudisa hurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu vane utano hwakanaka. Zvinoda kuti pave nechinhu chinoshanda: vatori venhau vanoongorora, vagadziri vezvinhu zvinogadzirwa nevoruzhinji vanogadzira maturusi, vadzidzisi vanodzidzisa unyanzvi hwokunyora mashoko, uye vagari vomunyika vanoda kuzvidavirira. Asi kana zvidimbu zvose izvi zvikavapo, mashoko acho akavhurika anoita kuti pave nerunako. Kujeka kukuru kunotungamirira kukuvimbana kukuru, ukowo kunokurudzira kutora rutivi rukuru. Kubatanidzwa kunoparira zvikumbiro zvitsva nokuda kwemashoko, ayo anomanikidza hurumende kuva dzakajeka zvikuru.

Mienzaniso iripo. Munyika umo masuo akavhurika emashoko aripo asi asingawanzoshandiswi, kana kuti uko mashoko anobudiswa bedzi kuti anzvere bhokisi, betsero dzedemokrati dzinoramba dziripo. Ndicho chikonzero nei kuvaka kwakakomba kuchikosha. Nharidzano haisati iri bedzi mijenya yakawanda, asi mashoko anoshandiswa zvomenemene kuvandudza Hurumende.

Kushanda Kweunyanzvi Hwokugadzira uye Kuwedzera Kwemichina Yemagetsi

Kudzidza A nemichina kwakagadzirira kuwedzera simba remashoko akazaruka. Kunzvera kwaanoshanda kunogona kunzvera mamirioni ezvinyorwa zvokushandisa kuti aone mitoo inokarakadza unyengeri. Kugadzirwa kwomutauro wokuberekwa nawo kunogona kubudisa mashoko makuru kubva mumaminiti emusangano wehurumende. Zvisinei, iyi tekinoloji yakafanana inomutsawo ngozi itsva(maas) mumaarusauko, kuongorora, uye bviro dzemashandiro emashoko dzinofanira kuvapo parutivi petekicha. Mitemo yemitengo yeDhemocratic inofanira kunyora pachena kuzvidavirira uye kurayira kuti zvishandiso zvehurumende DAIS zvive zvinojeka.

Mugumisiro: Vhura Mashoko Seanoda Democratic Idemocratic Idemocratic Idevotic Idevotic mes

Kuona chitarisiko hachisi chinhu chinodiwa nehurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu; kana kusina iko, vagari vemo vanova vanhu vadzorwi pane kuva madzimambo.

Nzira iri mberi inoda nhamburiko yakasimba inopfuurira: mitemo yakasimba zvikuru, ruzivo rwamabasa, rudzi rwakakwirira rwemipimo yemashoko, uye kuvimbisana kukuru. Asi mari inopiwa ihuru. MaDemocracracy anogamuchira mashoko akasununguka anogamuchira zvikuru, anoshanda zvikuru, uye anovimbwa zvikuru. Anopa vagari vemo mashoko anodikanwa kufunga nenzira yokungwarira, kuvhota nokuchenjera, uye kutora rutivi nenzira ine revo. Muzera rokusagona kunyora mashoko nokuderera kwechivimbo chesangano, mashoko akazarukira haasati ari bedzi pfungwa yakanaka, uye inovimbwa nayo.