Kuoneka mukutonga inzvimbo inotevedzerwa yemasangano ehurumende inoshandira. Kunogonesa vagari vomunyika kuita kuti vatungamiriri vavo vazvidavirire, kunzwisisa kuti zviwanikwa zvavose zvinogoverwa sei, uye kutora rutivi kune revo mukuita zvisarudzo. Pakati pamatanho anoshanda zvikuru okuwana kuoneka uku pane zvirongwa zvemirayiridzo yakazaruka, izvo zvinobudisa mashoko ehurumende anowanikwa zviri nyore, mafomu ehurumende anonyorwa nehurumende. Nokuita kuti mashoko awanike pachena kuvanhu vose, vatsvakurudzi venhau, uye mabhizimisi, izvi zvisati zvichisimbisa kuvimbana asi zvichivandudzawo mabasa avose. Sezvo hurumende munyika yose dzinogamuchira kushandurwa kwemichina yemichina, mashoko azova chinhu chikuru chinoitwa nenyanzvi dzezvirongwa zvehurumende.

Kunzwisisa Zvinoita Kuti Vazive Zviri Pachena

Nhano dzemishumo dzinonongedzera kuchinyorwa chakarongwa chemitemo yehurumende yemari nemhindu yemari yavose kunhambano dzoutsotsi uye kudzorwa kwemhoteredzo() pasina ganhuriro pakushandisazve kana kuti kugovera. Nharidzano ndeyokuita mhoteredzo apo munhu upi noupi anogona kusvika, kunzvera, uye kushandisa aya mashoko kupedza zvinetso kana kuti kubudisa nzwisiso itsva. Kufamba kwemashoko kwazvino uno kwakawana simba guru mukunonoka kwe 2000, kwakanyandurwa ne .S. . Hurumende inopa Hurumende inobvumira uye [FLT:] .G8 Kubvira panguva iyoyo, nyika dzakawanda dzakatsaurirwa namazana amaguta akabudisa mamoteru, uye masangano ehurumende anodzokororwa.

Nheyo Dzakanaka Dzokuziva Zviripo

Kuti ive yakavhurika zvirokwazvo, mashoko anofanira kunamatira kugadziriro yenheyo dzakasanogadzwa. Thunhuro yenheyo gumi dzemaidi dzakazaruka inogovera gadziriro inogamuchirwa zvikuru:

  • Kupetwa kwakakwana: mashoko ose avose anofanira kuitwa kuti awanike, aitwe kuganhuriro dzakavanzika nedzechengeteko bedzi.
  • Utsanana: Tsime dzinofanira kubudiswa pamavambo aro, nenzwi rakakwirira zvikurusa rinobvira.
  • [ Nguva:[ Tsime inofanira kubudiswa nokukurumidza sezvinobvira kuchengetedza ukoshi hwayo.
  • Tsamba dzinofanira kuwanika muzvizhinji, pasina mutengo, uye mumaforeshini anonyorwa nomuchina (imo, CSV, JSON, XML).
  • Non-discrict: Kusvika kunofanira kuzarurirwa vose, pasina kuda kunyoresa kana kuti kupinda.
  • [ Kusashanda: mafomu okubatanidza madayamu anofanira kubvumira kubatanidzwa kuri nyore nemimwe michina yemashoko uye zvishandiso zvekushandisa.

Marudzi Ezvikamu Zvehurumende Zvinovhura

Mashoko anowanika anobatanidza mativi akawanda enzvimbo. Marudzi anozivikanwa navose anobatanidza:

  • mari nendyiko: miripo yeHurumende, zvibvumirano, mari, uye ndyiko dzedhipatimendi.
  • Mari nemabasa enzanga: kugadzirwa kwechipatara, kuitika kwehosha, mwero yenhomba, uye zviratidzo zvoutano.
  • Upari neruramisiro:[ Mishumo yemhosho, mashoko okusunga, mhaka dzedare, uye zviverengero zvetorongo.
  • [ Kuyera uye kuyera nzvimbo:[[FL:1] Kuyera kwemhepo, mashoko omugariro wokunze, mepu dzokukacha, uye mibatanidzwa yezvifambiso.
  • [ Tsika:[ basa rechikoro, nhamba dzekunyoresa, uye zvitsama zvemari.
  • [[[Divhiti: 0] Rinodzosa uye rinodzosa: zvinyorwa, kuzivisa, uye mapepa okunyora.

Somuenzaniso, vatori venhau vanoshandisa mashoko kuti vatsvake uori, vagadziri vemapurogiramu okufambisa, uye masangano enzanga anoongorora mashoko eutano kuti atsigire mabasa ari nani.

Kukosha Kwokuva Nomutsetse Pakudzora

Kuona chitarisiko haisi nzira yokuita kuti vanhu vavimbe. Vagari vemo pavanogona kuona kuti zvisarudzo zvinoitwa sei. (vanosangana navo) vapi, mashandisirwe emarii, uye kuti itsananguroi inoita mutemo) Zvinowanzoita kuti masangano aonekwe seakarurama uye akakodzera. Chivimbowo, chinokurudzira kuzviisa pasi pemitemo nemitero nokuzvidira, chinoderedza kusawirirana munzanga, uye chinodzikamisa miitiro yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Nenzira inopesana, kufungira mano akaipa, uye kubvisa kuvimbisana kwehurumende.

Kuzvidavirira uye Kupesana

Mashoko akavhurika anosimbisa zvakananga kuzvidavirira kupfurikidza nokuita kuti mabasa ehurumende aonekwe. Somuenzaniso, apo zvibvumirano zvokuwana zvinobudiswa nokuoneka kwakazara, masangano enjamu dzinotarira namashoko anogona kutsiva kusawirirana kwakadai sendyiko dzakakwira kana kuti rwisano dzefariro. World Bank inosimbisa kuzvidavirira kupfurikidza nokuita kuti nyika dzine miitiro yakazaruka zvikuru yemitengo yemashoko ive inova nemipimo yakaderera zvikuru yeuori, sengozi yokuvhara inodzivisa kusafambikanya. Nenzira yakafanana, bhajeti remari rinobvumira vagari vemo vakapikirwa kuenzanisa nokubuda kwezvitsa, zvichivagonesa kukumbira kutsanangura kushandurirwa kwezvisina kupesana.

Kukura Kwemari Nokugadziridzwa Kwayo

Kupfuura kudzora, mashoko akazaruka anoita kuti mari ive noukoshi. Kompani nembariro dzehurumende kuti zviite maapur appending, kunzvera nzvimbo, kufembera mamiriro okunze, uye rumbidzo dzoutano. McKinsey Global Institute yakafungidzira kuti mashoko anogona kuvhura mabhiriyoni emadhora muukoshi hwemari munyika yose kupfurikidza nokuvandudza basa nokuita mabasa matsva. Somuenzaniso, UK’s data.gov.[FTM:1]ral yakarumbidzwa nokutsigira kuvamba kwemitengo inobudirira yemari, kugadzira mabasa matsva nokufambisa.

Kubatanidzwa Kwavose Kwakawedzerwa

Transparency inosimbisawo kuvimbisana kukuru. Kana vanhu vachiwana mashoko akavimbika, vanogona kutora rutivi zvinobudirira zvikuru mukubvunza vanhu, kuronga mitemo, uye kukurukurirana kwamunoziva panhau dzakaoma dzakadai sokuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kana kuti kurongeka kweguta. Kuvhura mashoko kunoderedza mhinganidzo yokupinda mumasangano enzanga, kuvapa ufakazi hwokutsigira chinjo. Somuenzaniso, muBrazil, mapoka enzanga anoshandisa mashoko okubhadharira mari kutarira zvivako zvechikoro, zvichitungamirira kukuvandudza zvivako zvemasangano ezvirongwa zvehurumende nezvirongwa zvemitengo.

Kuongorora Zvirwere Zvokuziva Zvinobudirira

Hurumende dzakawanda dzakaratidza kuti mashoko akajeka anogona kuva nemigumisiro inooneka.

United Kingdom: mashoko.gov.uk

Yatangwa muna 2010, madata.gov.uk ndeimwe yemitemo yavose zvikurusa yenyika, ine majekiseni anopfuura 50 000 kubva kumadhipatimendi ehurumende ne mapato. Chikuva chakakudziridzwa nemiitiro yakasimba yokushandisa mashoko, kubatanidza zvimiro zveminhevedzo nenzanga yakatsaurirwa. Yakagonesa mibato yakadai se Kuwana Mhiko Yangu yechembere[FLD] API, ayo masimba ebasa romunzvimbomo, uye Nhamba yenhau yenhau. [FLT:], inobvumira vatengi vemotokari kusimbisa mapepa emotokari. 2020 inoyera kuti purofiti yengarava yezviwiso zvema £5] mabhiriyoni ezvipfumbiso zvemari mumitengo.

Guta reNew York: NYC Inovhura Mashoko Anoita Kuti Vasapinda Munzvimbo Yedu

. Zvino inoraira mitero inopfuura 3 000 yeMazita eNew York City, inofukidza zvikumbiro zvose zvebasa kubva muna 311 zvokunzvera nokutengesa zvinhu. Chiteshi chengarava chakashandiswa navanyori venhau kufumura mativi ose mumibato yetsvina, nenzvero dzekudzikisa, uye nemavambo okugadzira zvinhu. Guta rinogadzirawo “Mazita okuvhura nePurosaromita regore negore. .

3. Estonia: Muenzaniso Wokudzora Nemadhigirii

Estonia yakabatanidza mashoko akazaruka mumibatanidzwa yayo mikuru, kubatanidza X-Road shongwe yemikoto yokuchinjana uye Satmoteg Gazette[ pamikoto yemikoto. Vagari vemo vanogona kuwana zvinyorwa zvavo vamene zvoutano, mitero, uye nzvimbo dzinonyoresa kupfurikidza neID dzemitemo yakachengeteka, nepo dzisati dziri maidiro dzesimba uye mitoo yemotokari yakavakwa. Uku kujeka kwakagovera kumiteve yeEstonia nguva dzose muPerception Index nee-Gonment Development. Hurumende inobudisawo mapepa akavhuro akazamura mapepa eadhiadhia eac, inobvumira kuti ashandure mamwezve.

4. Kenya: Shanduro yeSangano reChito

Kenya yakatanga kuvhura mashoko ayo muna 2011, pakutanga yainyanya kuisa pfungwa pamari yaishandiswa, utano, uye mazita edzidzo. Nzvero yacho yaizivikanwa nokuda kwekusimbisa kwayakaita mapurani eshamwari, kubatanidza kufambiswa kwemafoni nezvinonyorwa zvinoda kunyorwa padhaundi. Masangano ezvizvarwa zvemo anoshandisa mashoko acho kutora zvitsama zvemari yaipiwa munyika, zvichitungamirira pakuongorora ruzhinji pakushandiswa kwehurumende. 2016 yakawana kuti kuoneka kwemichina yengarava mukugadzirwa kwemichina yezvokurapa uye kuderedzwa mukuvakwa kwezvivako. Zvakaitika zveKenya zvinoratidza kuti mashoko akazaruka anogona kuva anobudirira kunyange muzvirongwa zvemari.

Zvinetso Zvokushandisa Zvikamu Zvokuziva Zviri Panze

Pasinei nezvinobatsira zvakajeka, kuronga mashoko kunofanira kutarisana nezvipingamupinyi zvinokosha.

Kuva Wega Kwemashoko uye Kuchengeteka

Mazita ehurumende yokubudisa anowanzobatanidza kudzikamisa kuoneka nokudzivirirwa kwamashoko omunhu oga. Mativi ane mazita, kero, kana kuti zvimwe zviziviso zvinofanira kusanozivikanwa kana kuti kubviswa kuti zvidzivise kuiswazve. Hurumende zhinji dzakashandisa nzira dzakavanzika kupfurikidza nezviratidzo, zvakadai sezvishandiso zvinoshandiswa pazvokugadzira uye zvibvumirano zvemazita zvakatsiga. Zvisinei, ngozi yokupunza madata kana kuti kuputsa mashoko inoramba iri itiro hanya, inoda kuti gadziriro dzokutonga kwoutongi hwakasimba uye kudzorwa kunopfuurira.

Kuzivikanwa Kwemashoko uye Kuiswa Panzvimbo Yepamutemo

Mazita akavhurika anobetsera bedzi kana ari akarurama, akakwana, uye asingachinji. Mazita akawanda ehurumende anotambura nemitemo yakashata, mipimo isati iripo, kana kuti mafora asingawirirani. Kuiswa mumitemo kunowanzova kwakaneta, kuchiita kuti kunzvera kweyakati kuti kuve kwakaoma. Kupa izvi, dzimwe hurumende dzakaumba mipimo yedata inoshanda (g., MASHOKO] nokuda kwematabharakitire edata) uye kuiswa mumipimo yemipimo yedata. Pasina idzi nhamburiko, vashandisi vangarasikirwa nokuvimba nedata kuvimbika.

Kudzivisa Kwesangano Nemikana Yokubata Zvikuru

Kushandisa mashoko akazaruka kunoda chinjo yetsika mukati mehurumende. Vamiriri vehurumende vangadzivisa kugoverana mashoko nemhaka yokutya kutsoropodzwa, kushaiwa kurudziro, kana kuti miitiro inodzivirira. Uyezve, masangano akawanda anoshaiwa vashandi vezvounyanzvi kana kuti zvirongwa zvokubudisa mashoko nguva dzose. Nhanho dzinobudirira dzinowanzova nemirairo yakakwirira nechivako chakaderera, kugovera rovedzo yavatariri vemashoko navezvokutsigira mashoko vakatsaurirwa mubato rimwe nerimwe. Masangano enyika achada kukunda mutungamiriri.

Kuchinjwa Kwezvinhu Nokutsigirwa

Kumisa mashoko akavhurika uye kuachengeta kunoda kuramba kuchitsigirwa nokuda kwevashandi, purogiramu yesoftware, vashandi, uye tsigiro yavashandi. Kushandisa basa renguva pfupi kunogona kutungamirira kukunyorwa kwemapepa akasiyiwa kana kuti mabatanidzwa akaputsika. Miitiro yakanakisisa inobatanidza kuisa mashoko akajeka mubhajeti renguva dzose IDHAU, kugadzira hofisi yakatsaurirwa (zvakadai seUK’s Open Data Institute), uye kuongorora nzanga kuti igoverane mutengo. Kutsigira kunogonawo kutsamira pakuratidza ukoshinyirira kusingachinjiki kururamisa kutengwa kunopfuuridzirwa.

Zvirongwa Zvokushandisa Kuziva Zvinhu Zvinowanika Zvinobudirira

Kuti zvikunde matambudziko aya uye zviwedzere, hurumende dzinogona kushandisa mazano anobva pauchapupu.

Gadzirisa Kubvira Pakutanga

Nhano dzinobudirira dzemashoko dzinobata vabudisi vemajeri navashandisi veminamatai sevanogadzira. Ikoku kunoreva kubatanidza nzanga yavagari vemo, vatori venhau, vadzidzisi, uye mabhizimisi mukugadzira marusando okubudisa mashoko, kutanga mahwendefa, uye kugovera mhinduro pakushanda. MaMechanis akadai sokubvunza kwavose, masangano avashandisi, uye kunzverwa kwenguva dzose zvinobetsera kuwiriranisa mugovero. Somuenzaniso, guta reBuenos Aires rinochengeta “Matako okuvhura , [1] apo vagari vemo vanokarakadza mashoko matsva uye vanobetsera vakachena.

Shandisa Zvirongwa Zvemashoko uye Mitemo

Hurumende dzinofanira kugamuchira mipimo yemipimo yemitauro inozivikanwa navose, yakadai se Kuvhura Mutengo unowirirana kana kuti [[FLT] International Iffect Indation Initivection. Kushandisa rondedzero dzenguva dzose kugonesa mashoko kubatanidzwa pamwe chete mumitengo yeAPIS (Mitemo yeMitemo) panzvimbo pokungorevedza mafashoni enguva chaiyo. Mitemo yakavakirwa pamatengwa egore inogona kuderedza kunyorwa nokuvandudza kumhanya.

Kudziridza Kudzidza Kunyora

Vose vari vaviri vashandi vehurumende navose vanoda unyanzvi kuti vashandise mashoko akavhurika nenzira inobudirira. Zvirongwa zvokurovedza vashandi vehurumende vanotarisira mashoko (*kuvhara mashandiro ebasa, kuona, uye tsika) zvinogona kuderedza kurasika kwomukati. Nokuda kwavanhu, hurumende dzinogona kuronga mashopu, macrathons, uye maIndaneti. Kunyora mashoko muchikoro kunosimbisa zvizvarwa zvomusi wechikoro.

Tanga Kudzora Kwoutongi Namabasa Apamutemo

Mitemo yakajeka pakunatsiridza mashoko, kuvandika, uye kushandisa inodikanwa. Mitemo yakawanda yakazaruka inobudiswa murezenisi se Creatives Atces 4.0 kana ] ... Aup Relaise Government License [, inobvumira kushandiswa kwezvokutengeserana nezvisiri zvecommercat. Hurumende dzinofanira kugadzawo mukuru mukuru wemitepiyuta kana kuti mutungamiriri wemirayiridzo wemirayiridzo anozvidavirira nokuda kwokuitwa. Mitengo inodzo yemitengo yehurumende nefambiro mberi yavose zvinochengeta nhano parango.

Edza Kubudirira Kwako uye Kukurukurirana

Kutsvaka mametric + chiverengero chamaminu akabudiswa, shanyo dzepawebsite, kopida, uye gutsikano yavagari vemo inosvika pamwero. Nzvero dzenhau dzinoratidza kuti mashoko akavhurika akatungamirira kugadziriso dzemitemo, mari yakachengetwa, kana kuti mabasa matsva zvinofanira kugoveranwa zvikuru. Stoping inovaka tsigiro yezvamatongerwe enyika ndokukurudzira mamwe masangano kutora rutivi. Somuenzaniso, guta reChicago rinobudisa mushumo wenhau yakazaruka yegore negore inosimbisa mishumo yenhau dzinoshandiswa nabetsero dzemari.

mhedziso

Nhano dzemifungo dzinovhurika hadzisi kungovawo zvavo muitiro wounyanzvi; idzo idzo dzinobetsera zvikuru kuoneka, kuzvidavirira, uye kudzorwa. Kupfurikidza nokuita kuti mashoko ehurumende awanike pachena, idzi nhano dzinopa vagari vemo simba rokunzvera zviito zvavose, kutora rutivi mukuita zvisarudzo, uye kuvandudza. Nzvero dzinobva kuUK, New York, Estonia, uye Kenya dzinoratidza kuti apo inoitwa zvakarurama, mashoko akazaruka anogona kuderedza uori, kuvandudza mabasa, uye kuvakazve chivimbo mumasangano ehurumende. Zvisinei, kubudirira kunoda kupfuurira kuisa musengwa, mumitengwa yemitengo yemitengo, uye kuvimbisa kushingaira nenzanga dzichashandisa mashoko. Kudzora kwemitevedzero yetsika kunopfuurira, mashoko akazaruka acharamba ari chishandiso chinokosha nokuda kwokuva nechokwadi chokuti hurumende hadzina kuoneka bedzi asi dzakaza vanhu vanoshanda.