Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, nheyo dzokujeka nedzehurumende yakazaruka dzakabva pamifungo yefungidziro kugadziriro dzinoshanda dzinoumba nzira iyo hurumende dzazvino uno dzinoshanda nayo. Vagari kupota nyika vanoramba vachiraira kwete bedzi kuti hurumende dzavo dziite mabasa nenzira inooneka, inoita kuti zvivepo, itsivi, uye kuti idzodzo dzinozvidavirira. Iyi chinja inoratidzira kuziva kukuru kuti kujeka hakusati kuriwo zvako kufadza kwemifungo yakaisvonaka yematomutongero adzo, kuva noumheteveri. Kubva kuOpen Government Aveneria kunzira mari yomunzvimbomo, kufamba - pamutemo kuri kudzokorodza ukama pakati penyika nevagari vemo.

Kunzwisisa Kutarisika Kwomusasa uye Hurumende Yakazaruka

Transparency inonongedzera kumwero uyo zviito zvehurumende, zvisarudzo, uye mashoko zvinowanika kuvanhu. Zvinowanzoshandiswa kupfurikidza norusununguko rwemitemo yemashoko, mitemo yakazarurwa, uye kubudiswa kwemashoko ehurumende. Hurumende, pfungwa yakafara, inobatanidza kuona nokutora rutivi kwevagari uye kubatira pamwe. Inofungidzira muenzaniso wehurumende umo vagari vemo vasiri vagamuchiri vemibato asi vatsigiri vanoshingaira vemiitiro netarisiro.

Munhau dzakaitika, kuvavarira kusununguka kwakawana simba muzana ramakore rechi20 nokupfuudzwa kworusununguko rwemashoko munyika dzakadai seSweden (1766), United States (1966), uye muEurope mumakumi amakore anotevera. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, kuchinja kwemichina kwakakurumidzisa nhamburiko idzi. Hurumende zvino dzinobudisa mashoko paIndaneti, dzinokurukura pachena nomumadhipatimendi emichina, uye dzinoshandisa zvinobudisa zvinobudisa nhau dzenzanga kuti dzibatane nevagari vemo munguva chaiyoiyo. Zvisinei, kujeka nehurumende yakazaruka inoramba iripo, netsanangudzo dzakasiana - site mumasangano ezvamatongerwe enyika uye magamuchidzanwa.

Zvivako Zvikuru zveHurumende Yakazaruka

  • Access kuMashoko:[[FLT: 1] Vagari vemo vane maruramiro okukumbira nokugamuchira magwaro ehurumende namaziviro, akaiswa pasi peganhuriro sechengeteko yorudzi kana kuti kuvandika kwomunhu oga.
  • Kutora rutivi: Miitiro inobatanidza miitiro yokuti vagari vemo vagovere mifungo yavo, kuvambira pakubvunza kwomuitiro kusvikira kumagungano anobvisa maruramiro.
  • Ubhadharo: vakuru vehurumende vanokwanisa kuzvidavirira nokuda kwezviito zvavo, uye mitumbi inotonga yakazvimirira (mue., vanzwi, ombudsmen) inonzvera basa neperero.
  • [ Zero rematurusi neInginoso: anoshandiswa kuvandudza udzori, kusanoita, uye kuterama kweudzori.

Kukosha Kwokuva Nomuti Unoda Kusarudzwa Nomunhu

Kuona chitarisiko hakusati kuri bedzi chinhu chakanaka chamagamuchidzanwa; kune tapuro dzinoparadzana pavara rokudzora kwedemocracy. Nzvero yakaitwa neWorld Bank namamwe masangano zvakaratidza kuti mwero yakakwirira yokusununguka yakabatana noushati hwehurumende noushati hwakaderera, kupiwa kwebasa ravose kuri nani, uye chivimbo chakawedzerwa chavagari vemo. Apo vagari vemo vanogona kuona kuti zvisarudzo zvinoitwa sei uye kuti mari yavose inoshandiswa sei, ivo vakashongedzerwa zviri nani kuti vagozvidavirira kuvatungamiriri.

Kupfuura kuzvidavirira, kuona kunokurudzira kuva neruzivo rwevagari vemo. Muhurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu, vavhoti vanoda mashoko akavimbika kuti vasarudze pabhokisi rebhoti uye kuti vatsigire mitemo inowirirana nezvavanofarira. Pasina kujeka, mashoko asina kururama uye mashoko anoparadzirwa zvinogona kubudirira, zvichikanganisa kuronga kwemashandiro ehurumende. Somuenzaniso, kuongorora mashandisiro emari yakagadzirwa kwakawana kuti kana vagari vemo vakanzwisisa mari inoshandiswa nehurumende, vanotsigira zvikuru mitemo yemitero uye vanoda kuita mabasa omubatanidzwa.

Uyezve, kujeka kunoparira tapuro inodzivisa kusashanda zvakanaka. Kungogona kuongororwa nevoruzhinji kunogona kuodza mwoyo kuzvibata kusina kunaka pakati pevakuru vakuru. Ndosaka nyika dzakawanda dzakatanga masangano anorwisa uori uye mitemo yokudzivirira nokuridza mheto.

Uchapupu Hwokushandisa Gwaro Rokuratidza Kuora Kwepfungwa

  • Kuongorora kwakaitwa neOpen Government Partnetship kwa2020 kwakaratidza kuti nyika dzine miitiro yehurumende yakasununguka zvikuru dzakawana mwero yakaderera zvikuru yokuona uori.
  • OECD inoratidza kuti kugona kuisa zvinhu panzvimbo yazvo kunoita kuti zvisadhudhure uye kuchengetedza hurumende avhareji ye8 - 10% pakudhura kwechibvumirano.
  • Kuongorora kwakaitwa nePew Research Center kunoratidza kuti kuvimba nehurumende kwakawedzera zvikuru munyika umo vagari vemo vanoshuma kuti zviri nyore kuwana mashoko epamutemo.

Vaitisi Vehurumende Vakasununguka Pasi Rose

Hurumende dzakatanga nzira dzakawanda dzokuita kuti mashoko adzoke. Nhamburiko idzi dzinowanzotanga nezvinyorwa zvemashoko zviri pachena, zvinobudisa mashoko akarongwa pamusoro pemari, kushandiswa kwemari, mitemo, uye mabasa avose. Nheyo dzeUK.gov.uk, mashoko eUS.gov, uye mashoko epamasuo enhau eKenya mienzaniso yakatanhamara. Asi hurumende inozarura inopfuura kubudiswa kwemashoko nejeko.

Kushandisa Mari Kwacho

Kubatanidzwa kwemari kunobvumira vagari vemo kusarudza nzira yokugovera nayo chikamu chemari yavose. Kuvamba muPorto Alegre, Brazil, muna 1989, uyu muitiro wakapararira kumaguta anopfuura 3 000 munyika yose. MuParis, vagari vanovhota gore negore pamusoro penzira yokushandisa nayo mamirioni 100 emari yemari yeguta. Nzvero dzinoratidza kuti bhajeti yokuronga mari yokubhadharwa inowedzera kuvimbisana kwenzanga uye kutungamirira mari kunzanga dzakaderedzwa.

Kubvunza Pachena uye Kufarira Kunakidzwa

Hurumende dzakawanda dzava kukurukura nevanhu paIndaneti nezvemirayiro mitsva, mitemo, uye mitemo. Dare reEurope rekunyorera kuti “Iva Nemashoko Ako” rinokoka vagari vemo kuti vataure nezvemitemo yehurumende. MuNew Zealand, hurumende yakashandisa nzira yokubvisa mitongo yokuita kuti pave ne “Bhaudhimoni Yakanaka,” inobatanidza zvinhu zvinokosha zvakadai soutano hwepfungwa uye urombo hwemwana. Kubatsira vanhu nevakuru vakuru vakuru vama kuti vanyore mitemo yokugadzira zvinhu.

Mitemo Yezvinyorwa Yakazarurwa uye Kushanda Pamwe

Kuwedzera ukoshi hwemashoko akazaruka, hurumende dziri kugamuchira mipimo yakadai seOpen Contrating Data Standard ne International Aid Transparection Initive. Mipimo iyi inovimbisa kuti mashoko anobva mumanyuko akasiyana anogona kuenzaniswa ndokubatanidzwa, kuchigonesa masangano enzanga avagari vemo kunzvera basa rehurumende uye kutsigira kuvandudza.

Zvinetso Zvokuti Hurumende Ishande Nokuchengetedza

Pasinei zvapo nefambiro mberi, kushandisa chiedza nehurumende yakazaruka zvinotarisana nemhinganidzo dzinotyisa. Denho imwe huru kurwisa kwevadzori vehurumende. Vabatiri vehurumende vakarovedza kushanda sepamberi pemasuo vakavharwa vangarangarira kujeka setyisidziro kuchiremera chavo kana kuti sebasa rokuwedzera. Kuchinja kwesangano kunoda utungamiriri nekurudziro zvinotsigiswa.

Kuva Wega Kwemashoko uye Kuchengeteka

Kusawirirana pakati pekuona nokuvandika inhau inodzokororwazve. Kusunungura mashoko ehurumende kunogona kufumura nokusaziva mashoko anokurumidza pamusoro pavanhu, akadai sezvinyorwa zvoutano kana kuti udzame hwemari hwomunhu oga. Hurumende dzinofanira kutanga unyanzvi hwokusazivikanwa zvikuru nemitemo yakajeka pamusoro pezvingabudiswa. The European Union’s General Data Protection Regatimement (GDPR) inogovera gadziriro, asi kudzikamisa kuva pachena nokuvandika kunoramba kuri denho yakaoma yepamutemo neyetsika.

Kuparadzana Kwemadhigirii

Nhano dzehurumende dzinovhura dzinowanzofunga kuti vagari vemo vane maInternet nokudzidza nokunyora. Zvomenemene, kukamukana kwemipimo kunoenderera mberi mukati uye pakati penyika. Munyika zhinji dzichiri kubudirira, iInternet inopfuura 50%, uye kunyange munyika dzakapfuma, vakwegura, mari shoma, uye vanhu vomumaruwa vangashaiwa ushamwari kana kuti unyanzvi hwokubatanidzwa nezviteshi zvemakombiyuta. Hurumende dzinofanira kubatanidza zvishandiso zvemichina zvemagetsi nemikoto yapamhene yeposero.

Chido Chezvamatongerwe Enyika Nokutsigirwa

Kuchinja zvinhu kusingachinji kunogona kuva nyore. Kana kuchinja kwevezvematongerwe enyika, kutungamirira kwehurumende kwakajeka kungasiyiwa kana kuti kuderera. Dzimwe nguva hurumende dzakashandisa mashoko akazaruka kubudisa mashoko asina kutsarukana padzinenge dzichivanza zvisarudzo zvine nharo. Pasina utarisiri hunozvimirira uye kumanikidza nzanga, kuona kungava chinhu chakanaka pane chishandiso chechokwadi chokuzvidavirira.

Kuongorora Zvirwere Nemhosva Mukuona Zvakanaka uye Kuvhura Hurumende

Estonia: Piyona Anoshandisa Fonitari

Estonia inowanzodudzwa somutungamiriri wenyika yose muhurumende nemukuoneka. Ruvara rwayo X-Road runoita kuti kuchinjika kwemashoko kuchengeteke panzvimbo dzinoshandiswa nehurumende, kuchipa vagari vemo mvumo yemasangano emichina anopfuura 2 700. Zvisarudzo zvose zvehurumende, kubatanidza misangano yekabhineti, zvinonyorwa uye zvinowanika paIndaneti. Purogiramu yeEstonia inobvumira vanhu vasiri vatungamiriri kuti vabatane mumitezo yemari. Rubudiriro rwenyika yacho runosimbisa kukosha kwebvumirano yezvamatongerwe enyika, chirongwa chepamutemo nokuda kwokudzivirirwa kwemashoko, uye tsika yokugadzirwa kwemichina.

New Zealand: Mugoverano Nokuzarura

New Zealand inoramba ichikwidziridza kujeka. Hurumende yayo yakazvipira kuzarura mashoko, kuzivisa, uye kuvimbisana kwevagari vemo. Kushandisa Mari yeUniversitive kwakakudziridzwa nokukurukurirana kukuru kwavose, kubatanidza nzvero yepaIndaneti yakagamuchira mhinduro dzinopfuura 40 000. New Zealand inobudisawo “Kunzvera kweRudzi kweIndaneti” nokuda kwezvibvumirano zvose zvamarudzi ose, ichibvumira vagari vemo kuhwirudzura nokutsinhirana pamberi pokuvakwa kwechibvumirano. Kusvika kwenyika yacho kunoratidza kuti kujeka kunogona kubatana nokudzora kunobudirira.

Canada: Zarurai neChinorongwa

Canada yakatangawo nhanho yayo yeOpen Governments muna 2011, kutora “maitiro akarongwa. Hurumende yacho yakavhura madata, akavhura.ca, inogovera mazana ezviuru zvematepi. Canada inoshandisawo nzira dzokupa zvinhu zvakadai se“Kuongorora Nhevedzo” kuti ivandudze kuti ibatsire vagari vemo. Hurumende yakabatanidza kuongorora kwakavakirwa pavarume nevakadzi pamwe chete (GBA+ mukubudirira kwemitemo, ichivimbisa kuti kujeka kubatanidzwa kwemashoko ecoconly. Zvisinei, zvinetso zvinongosara, zvakadai sokuvimbisa kuti nzanga dzemone mashoko ane revo neapurojeti.

Uruguay: Budiriro yeSouth America

Uruguay muenzaniso unoshamisa weGlobal South.It Government Plan inobatanidza kurongwa kwemashoko pachena, kubhajeti yemari inopa tarisiro yemari pamwe chete pamwero wemanisiparati, uye mutemo wokuona zviri pachena unovimbisa kuwana mashoko. Ruguay runopa mibatanidzwa yakasimba yenzanga, kugadzikana kwezvematongerwe enyika, uye kutsigira kwenyika dzakawanda kunobva kumasangano akadai seOpen Government Partneidaship.

Basa Rezvoruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Mukusimudzira Kuona Zvinhu Nenzira Yakajeka

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu ibakatwa rinokomberedzwa nekaviri kuti pave nokujeka. Kune rumwe rutivi, runogonesa kusvika mashoko kusingaenzaniswi uye runopfavisa kuvimbisana kwevagari vemo. Kune rumwe rutivi, runomutsa funganyo pamusoro pokunzverwa, tsvetedzo yemitemo, uye kubviswa kwemitengo.

Zvikamu Zvemashoko Zvakavhurika uye AP

Zvikamu zvinobatanidza zvikamu zviduku zvakadai sematai.gov uye mashoko eEU.eu tratets kubva kumasangano akawanda. Zvikamu zvepurogiramu dzepurogiramu (API) zvinobvumira vagadziri kuvaka mashandisiro anoshandisa mashoko ehurumende, kubva pakuronga nhamba dzoutsotsi kusvika pakutsvaka mari inoshandiswa nevanhu. Maturusi aya anopa simba vatori venhau, vatsvakurudzi, uye vanorwira kuti hurumende dzizvidavirire.

Chipingamupinyi Chokuvimba Nokuvimbika

Ruzivo rweblockchain runogovera bviro yokuchengeta zvinyorwa zvisingapindiri. Dzimwe hurumende dziri kuedza nokuisa brischain nokuda kwemikoto yenyika (mutoo, Georgia, Sweden), kugovera kunyorwa kwetsanga, uye kunyange kuvhota. Kupfurikidza nokuita mapepa echigarire, anotevedzerwa, breatcain anogona kuderedza mikana yokushatisa nokushandisa simba. Zvisinei, kugadzirwa kwemikana nemagetsi zvinoramba zviri mhinganidzo kukugamuchirwa navabereki vakanaka.

Uchenjeri Hunogadzirwa uye Kuona Zvakajeka kwemitemo

Hurumende dzinoshandisa nenzira inowedzera maarufabheti kugovera zviwanikwa, kudeya kutaura utsotsi, kana kuti kukumbira. Nepo AI ichigona kuvandudza kusanoita zvakanaka, ine ngoziwo kupfuudzira rusaruro kana kuti kushanda se “bhokisi redoma.” Kuona chitarisiko kunoda kuti hurumende dzizivise mashandire earusati, mashandire adzo, uye kuti zvisarudzo zvinodzokororwa sei. Kutanga kwakafanana neAIAIN Now Institute ne OECD’s AIP kuraira ungwaru hwemiitiro yealamu netarisiro yavanhu. Mamwe maguta, akadai seAmsterdam, akatanga “mazita okunyoresa emitemo anoshandiswazve.

Zvirongwa Zveserura uye Kushuma Vagari Vomunyika

Maapps emotokari anoita kuti vagari vemo vakwanise kushuma zvinetso kana kuti uori semakomba kana kuti uori kuzviremera. MaPlatform akaita seFix MyStreet (UK) uye I Paid Chiokomuhomwe (India) zvakaratidza kuti zvinobudirira mukuendesa mashoko evagari vemo uye kumanikidza hurumende kuita chiito. Aya mapurogiramu anobudisawo mashoko anogona kuongororwa kuti aone nhau dzegadziriro yepasi pano.

Mirayiridzo Yenguva Yemberi Yokuti Hurumende Ive Yakajeka uye Yakazaruka

Nguva yemberi yehurumende yakazaruka ichaumbwa nemiitiro inoverengeka. Chokutanga, kune kudikanwa kuri kukura kwokuona kwealgorithsitis ($] kodzero yokuziva kuti zvisarudzo zvezvirongwa zvemotokari zvinotapura sei upenyu hwavagari vemo. Sezvo hurumende dzinogamuchira AI nokuda kwechinhu chiri chose kubva pakusakwanisa kwegarikano kusvikira kuurongwa hwemapurisa, vanhu vachaomerera pakunzwisisa nokukwikwikwidzana negadziriro idzi.

Ubati Ubati Ushe Hwokutonga Hworuzhinji Husingabvumirwi

Pane kumukazve kwefariro muhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, umo vagari vemo vanosarudzwa namaune panhau dzemiitiro. Mienzaniso inobatanidza zvikwata zvavagari vemo, nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa zvinhu, uye magungano. Gungano reVagarigarigariti veIreland pamusoro pokubvisa pamuviri neConvention’s French Citizens on Climate Change. Iyi mifananidzo inokarakadza kuti hurumende inofanira kufamba kupfuura kupfachukira kukuita mashoko apachokwadi.

Kubatana Kwenyika Yose Nemipimo

Nhamburiko dzakafanana neOuble Government Priceship (OGP), idzo dzinobatanidza nyika 75 nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo 104, dzinosimudzira kudzidza nokuzvidavirira kune mumwe nomumwe. Mitezo yeOGP inozvipira kuita gadziriro dzinobatanidza kuona kwakananga nevavariro dzokutora rutivi. Nenzira yakafanana, masangano amarudzi ose akadai seOECD neWorld Bank anogovera zvirongwa nezviratidziro zvokuyera hurumende yakazaruka. Chinofambira mberi chichatsamira patsinhirano huru panhau dzakadai sokuva pachena kwezvokuva muridzi, kujeka kwapa pachena, uye kuzivisa mashoko enzvimbo.

Kudzikamisa Kuona Zviri Pakati Nezvinhu Zviri Woga uye Zvakachengeteka

Sezvo hurumende dzinounganidza mashoko akawanda, kusawirirana pakati pokusununguka nokudzivirira kuchawedzera. Unyanzvi hutsva hwokuchengeta zvakavanzika, zvakadai sechivande chakasiana napashoma zvakakotsekana, zvingagonesa hurumende kugoverana nzwisiso pasina kuzivisa mashoko avanhu vamwe navamwe. Kuvimba navanhu kuchatsamira pamitemo yakajeka, utariri hwakazvimirira, uye miitiro yokubvuma ine revo.

mhedziso

Hurumende inorevereka neyakazaruka haisati iri nharaunda dzinotevedzerwa asi miitiro inopfuurira. Zvinoda nhamburiko yenguva dzose, kuda zvamatongerwe enyika, uye kungwarira kwechikaro. Betsero dzinonzi . "Kubvisa uori, kuvimba kukuru, masangano anobatanidza zvinhu" zvinosanozivikanwa. Asi denho ndedzechokwadi: miganhu yezvisaririra, mirangariro inokamura, miganhu yemitengo, uye fambiro mberi yemiitiro yechero yechero. Hurumende dzenyika yose icharamba ichienda mberi kubva pakuoneka pachena sevimbiso kuti ivere, kuisa mari mumasangano namabasa oruzivo anoanotsigira, uye kusimbisa vagari vemo vagari vemo kuti vatsigire rutivi rune revo. Semiestonia, New Zealand, Canada, Canada, uye Ruzhemoni, dzinoratidza kuti inobvira. Kana hurumende dzichipfuurira kubva pakuoneka pachena sechiito.