Kunzwisisa kuti mitemo inoitwa sei kunokosha nokuda kwomuvhoti ari wose anoda kutora rutivi nenzira ine revo muhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Muitiro wemitemo ungaratidzika kuva wakaoma pakutarira kwokutanga, asi kuuputsa kuva nhano dzakajeka kunoratidza gadziriro yakarongedzerwa kuvimbisa kurangarira kwakakwana, kurukurirano yavose, uye kurangarira kwokungwarira zvikarakadzo zvipi nezvipi zvisati zvava mutemo unodzika. Kana kuti unenge uchironda mutengo wakananga, uchitsigira chinjo dzemitemo, kana kuti kungoda kuva mugari wemo akadzidza zvikuru, uchiziva kuti mutemo unofamba sei unoita kuti uteteteve mutemo unokupa simba zvikuru kuti ushande nenzira inobudirira zvikuru navamiriri vako vakasarudzwa uye muitiro wedemocracy uyo umene.

Iyi nhungamiro inobatanidza inofamba muchikamu chimwe nechimwe chomuitiro wokuita mutemo, kubva pamavambo epfungwa kusvikira kusigina yapurezidhendi, achitsanangura kwete bedzi chinoitika asi chikonzero nei nhau imwe neimwe. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa uyu muitiro, vavhoti vanogona kunzwisisa zviri nani cheki nedzinodzikamo zvakavakwa mutsika yedu, kuzivisa mikana yokuita kuti manzwi avo anzwike, uye kuita kuti vamiririri vavo vazvidavirire mitemo yavanotsigira kana kuti kushora.

Uko Mitemo Inovamba: Kuberekwa Kwepfungwa Dzomutemo

Mutezo upi noupi weDare(__noumwe unobva kuDare kana kuti Imba yaVamiririri) uyo ane pfungwa yomutemo anogona kunyora mutongo, uye iyi mifungo inobva kumitezo yeCongress iyo imene kana kuti kuvagari vemo vezuva riri rose namapoka okusatendeseka. Iri ipfundo rakakomba iro vavhoti vazhinji vasingazivi: haufaniri kuva mukuru mukuru akasarudzwa kuti vatsigire mutemo. Vagari vemo vemo, masangano enzanga, masangano ebasa, uye mapoka ezvekunyoresa chiremera nguva dzose vamiriri vavo nezvikarakadzo zvitsva kana kuti vachinjike kuna varipo.

Chibvumirano chebhukwana chirongwa chemutemo mutsva kana kuti kuchinja kumutemo uripo. Vasati vatanga mutemo unenge uripo, basa rakati rinowanzoitika serinoitika. Mitezo yeCongress nevashandi vayo vangapedza mavhiki kana mwedzi vachinzvera nhau, kubvunza nyanzvi, kuunganidza mashoko, uye kunyora mutauro uchapedza zvinangwa zvavo zvemitemo. Vaiti vemitemo vakawanda vanoshanda neHofisi yeLegislative Counse (Hofisi yeMamiteve) isati iri pamutemo inobatsira kushandura mifungo kuti ive mutauro wapamutemo wakarurama.

Mutezo mukuru weCongress unotsigira mutongo wacho unonzi "sponsor," nepo mimwe mitezo inotsigira pamutemo ichinzi "co-sponsors" kuva navatsigiri vazhinji vedare vagona kuratidzira tsigiro yakafara nokuda kwechikarakadzo uye kungawedzera mikana yawo yokufambira mberi kupfurikidza negadziriro yemitemo. Mimwe mingava inokwezva mizhinji kana kuti kunyange mazana evatsigiri veconsons vanobva mumativi ose ari maviri, nepo mimwe ingava nomutsigiri mumwe bedzi.

Kusuma Bhiri: Nzvimbo Yavakuru Vakuru Yokutanga

Kana bhiri racho rangonyorwa bedzi, rinofanira kutangwa (81: 3 - 5; 2) kana Mumiriri ari mutsigiri, mutengi unosumwa muImba, uye kana Sinator ari mutsigiri, mutengi unotangwa muDare. Muitiro wokusuma unova wakananga zvikuru asi unoratidza fambiro mberi inokosha. MuImba yavamiriri, mitezo inoisa zvikwereti zvavo mubhokisi remiti rinonzi "Choop" riri pauriri hweImba. MuDare, vatambi vanowanzosuma zvikwereti mukati meawa yamangwanani kana kuti kupfurikidza nokuita chiziviso pauriri hweSabharamende.

Pasumo, bhii rimwe nerimwe rinogamuchira zita rakasiyana. Mabharani weimba anogovera nhamba yemitemo yemabhiri inopinzwa muImba yaVamiririri (zvikurukuru, H. 1001) uye mabharani anogovera nhamba yemitemo yezvikwereti inopinzwa muDare (zvikurukuru, S. 1002). Iyi gadziriro inoverengwa inobetsera mutemo wemukoto murwendo rwayo rwose uye inokuita kuti kuve nyore kuti vanhu vatevere zvikarakadzo zvakati.

Kana chibvumirano changotangwa chete, chinogona kuwanwa paCongress.gov, iyo iri website yehurumende inobvumira mutemo wehurumende. Uku kujeka kunobvumira vamiririri vavo kuongorora zviri kudiwa uye zviri kutsigira.Congress.gov inopa mashoko akazara ezvikwereti, mamiriro avo ezvino, mapepa okuvhota, uye magwaro ane chokuita nazvo anowanika pachena kuvanhu.

Mugove Wedare: Uko Basa Chairoiro Rinovamba

Parizvino dare rinongotanga kunyorwa. Imba neDare zvine matare akasiyana - siyana akaumbwa nenhengo dzeCongress dzinofarira zvikurukuru nhau dzakasiyana - siyana dzakadai senyaya dzoutano kana kuti dzemarudzi ose. Speaker of the House kana kuti Generity Mutungamiriri wedare anosarudza kuti idare ripi rinogamuchira kudzorwa pamusoro penhau yaro.

Matare anoshanda semabhiza eCongress.Panzvimbo pokuti nhengo dzose 435 dzeImba kana kuti 100 Senator dzive nyanzvi panhau dzose, gadziriro yedare inobvumira mapoka maduku kuti akudziridze zivo chaiyo mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Kune matare akamira anobata nzvimbo dzemitemo dzinoramba dzichiripo (seMarimo, Ane Zvehondo, kana kuti Dzidzo), uyewo matare anoumbwa nokuda kwezvinangwa zvakati uye matare akabatana anosanganisira nhengo dzedzimba dzose.

Masangano akaderera akarongwa pasi pamatare uye ane imwezve jekedzo panhau yakati, uye kazhinji kazhinji, matare anonongedzera zvikwereti kudare duku refundo nokunzwa kwawo amene. Somuenzaniso, Dare reImba paEnergy neCernting rine masangano maduku anoverengeka anonangidzira ngwariro panharaunda dzakadai soutano, mhoteredzo nechinjo yemhoteredzo, kurukurirano noruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, uye dziviriro yavatengi. Uku kubatanidzwa kwokuwedzera kwokuchinja chaiko kunobvumira kunyange kusanorangarirwa kwenhau dzakaoma kunzwisisa.

Basa Rinotambudza Rokuhwirudzura kweDare

Kana dare riine chikwereti, chinosanonzverwa uye mikana yaro yokupfuura kunoitwa neDare rose inosarudzwa. Iyi nzvero yakakwana uye yakasiyana. Nhengo dzedare dzinonzvera mutauro webhii, kunzvera miuyo yaro inobvira, kuyera mutengo waro, uye kuzivisa kusawirirana kupi nokupi nomutemo uripo. Vangakumbirawo kubatanidzwa mumasangano ehurumende ane chokuita, mapoka ezvirongwa zvefariro, uye nyanzvi dzenhau.

Dare ringatosarudza kuva nekutonga kuti rinzwisise zviri nani zvinorehwa nemutemo wacho, uye kunzwa kunobvumira mirangariro yebazi rinotungamirira, nyanzvi, vamwe vakuru vakuru vehurumende nevatsigiri, uye vashori vomutemo unofanira kunyorwa. Uku kutonga kunobatira madonzo akawanda: ivo vanodzidzisa mitezo yedare pamusoro penhau yacho, vanoita chinyorwa chavose chemirangariro yakasiana, uye vanopa vachengeti vepadanda banza rokutaura tsigiro yavo kana kuti itiro hanya.

Kutongwa kwedare kunogona kuva nguva dzine simba mugadziriro yemitemo. Zvapupu zvingabatanidza vanyori vehurumende, vatarisiri vesangano, vatsvakurudzi vedzidzo, vamiririri vemaindasitiri, vatungamiriri veboka revatungamiriri vehurumende, uye vanhu vamwe navamwe vanotapurwa zvakananga nomutemo unokarakadzwa. Chipupuriro chavo, chinopiwa mumhiko, chichava rutivi rwenhau yemitemo yemitemo uye chinogona kupesvedzera kuti matare gare gare adudzira sei mutemo kana ukaitwa.

Kunokosha kunzwisisa kuti matare ane simba guru pamusoro pomutemo. Kana dare risingaiti papepa remitemo, mutengo wacho unorangarirwa kuva "wakafa". Kutaura idi, mari yakawanda yezvikwereti inopinzwa muCongress haitongoitiki mudare. Iri basa rokuchengeta suo rinobvumira matare kubvisa zvikarakadzo izvo zvisina tsigiro yakakwana, zvinoiswa muboka risina kukwana, zvinobatanidza mitemo iripo, kana kuti nhau dzehurukuro dzisiri dzvurutsiro remitemo.

Muitiro Wokuratidzira: Kukanganisa Mitemo

Kana dare rikasarudza kuti bhiridha rine faniro uye rinofanira kufambira mberi, rinopinda muinozivikanwa se "markpup" divi. Markup (kana kuti chiratidzo-up) muitiro uyo dare resangano reUnited States kana kuti rusando rwemitemo yehurumende, kugadziridza, uye kunyorazve mutemo unokarakadzwa. Ipapo ndipo apo basa rine udzame remitemo yokugadzira pamutemo rinoitika, uye apo mitezo yedare inogona kudzosera nokuzivikanwa zviri mukati noukoshi hwechibvumirano.

Misangano iyi inonzi vanoupa nokuti nhengo dzedare dzinoisa mutemo pamberi padzo sezvadzinosarudza kuti zvii zvichagadziriswa kuImba. Pamarusando okupa mari, nhengo dzedare dzinogona kuronga kuchinja chero rutivi rupi zvarwo rwomutemo wacho(kuwedzera urongwa hutsva, kubvisa zvikamu, kugadziridza mutauro, kana kuti kunyange kutsiva rugwaro rwose neshanduro inotsiva.

Kushanda Kunoita Zvikamu Zvokuyemura

Pamavambo echinotapu, mitezo yedare inowanzoita kutaura kwokuzarura, kazhinji kazhinji kusati kuchipfuura maminiti mashanu pawachi, uye kuraviwa kwokutanga kworugwaro rwepepa rinofanira kunyorwa kunogona kubviswa, zvimwe nebvumirano yakabatana kana kuti kupfurikidza nokugamuchira chiito chisingarambiki. aya mashoko okuzarura anobvumira mitezo kutsanangura zvimiro zvayo pamutemo uye gadziridzo dzapamberi dzainoronga kupa.

Chibvumirano chinobva charaviwa nokuda kwokugadziridzwa, chikamu chimwe panguva, nemitezo yedare ichipa kugadziridzwa kwayo kuchikamu chimwe nechimwe pashure pokunge charaviwa asi chikamu chinotevera chisati charaviwa. Uku mutoo wounyanzvi unovimbisa kuti rutivi rwuri rwose rwemari runowana ngwariro uye kuti mitezo ine banza rokukarakadza chinjo kugadziriro dzakananga. Zvisinei, kupfurikidza nebvumirano bedzi, dare ringabvumirana kugovera nokurava kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe, kana kuti kurangarira mutezo wokugadziridzwa nemisoro kana kuti zvitsauko panzvimbo nezvikamu.

Kugadziridza pakuchekerera kunogona kuva kwakaoma. Mitezo ingapa gadziridzo dzokutanga (kuchinja kumutemo wokutanga) uye miranduko yechipiri (kuchinja kukarakadzwa). Chigaro chedare chinodzora muitiro uyu, kuziva mitezo yokutaura, kutonga pamibvunzo, uye kuvimbisa kuti kurukurirano yacho inoramba yakarongeka uye ine chokuita.

Pfundo rinokosha: Matare haachinji magwaro emabhiri aanonyora (81,5, matare anovhota pagadziridzo idzo mitezo yawo inoda kurumbidza kuti Imba igamuchire apo Imba inorangarira mutengo uri pauriri. Ikoku kunoreva kuti basa redare racho rinoshandiswa nenzira yemaoresa, kunyange zvazvo mukushanda, kamuri rakazara rinowanzogamuchira rumbidzo zhinjisa dzedare.

Kushuma Bhirogiramu Risiri Mudare

Dare ringashuma chibvumirano chemari yokudzosa kuImba pasina kugadziridzwa, negadziridzo dzinoverengeka, kana kuti negadziridzo muchimiro chomutsivi uyo anokarakadza kutsiva rugwaro rwose rwomutsivi. Kugadziridzwa muchimiro chomutsivi kune revo zvikurukuru nemhaka yokuti kunobvumira dare kupa shanduro yakanyorwazve yakakwana yomutemo unoratidzira chisarudzo cheboka pamusoro pomutoo wakanakisisa kunhau yacho.

Dare rinogumisa kurumbidza kwete nokuvhota papepa racho rose, asi nokuvhota kuti pave nokurayira kuti mutengo unoshumwa kuImba negadziridzo iyo dare rakatendera, uye voruzhinji vedare vanofanira kuvapo apo iyi vhoti yokupedzisira inoitika. iyi vhota yokushuma inokosha(icho inomirira rumbidzo yedare yokuti kamuri rakazara rinofanira kurangarira mutemo.

Pashure pokuvhota kuti vape mushumo wemitemo, vashandi vedare vanogadzirira mushumo wedare wakanyorwa. Vashandi vechigaro chedare vanonyora mushumo wenhau yacho, vachirondedzera chinangwa chomutemo, nhau yemitemo (zvakadai sokunzwa mudare), mugumisiro pamitemo iripo nepurogiramu, uye nzvimbo yevoruzhinji venhengo dzedare. Mushumo uyu unova gwaro rinokosha rokunzwisisa vavariro yedare uye ungadudzwa nematare, masangano, uye maDare enguva yemberi pari kuturikira mutemo.

Murangariro: Nharo Mudare Rakazara

Kana dare rangoshuma mutengi zvakanaka, rinoenda pauriri hwekamuri umo rakatangwa kuti rirangarirwe nemitezo yose. Mutauri weImba noMutungamiriri weMajojoia weDare vanosarudza kana uye apo bhiriti rinosvika pamberi pedare rakazara reImba neDare, zvichitevedzana, nokuda kwekurukurirano uye kugadziridzwa uye ipapo chikamu chokupedzisira. Iri simba regadziriro rinopa pesvedzero huru pamusoro pezvikwereti zvinogamuchira nguva neapo zvinorangarirwa.

Misiyano Pakati Pezviito Zveimba Nedare

Misha miviri yakaenzana zvikuru mumabasa ayo omutemo nemabasa — Imba bedzi inogona kuvamba mutemo wemari, uye Dare bedzi rinosimbisa kunyoreswa kwapurezidhendi nezvibvumirano zvinotenderwa, asi kugadzwa kwomutemo nguva dzose kunoda kuti makamuri ose ari maviri abvumirane zvakaenzana muchimiro chimwe chetecho pamberi pokuupa kuna Purezidhendi. Pasinei zvapo nouku kuenzana, makamuri maviri anoshanda nenzira yakasiana zvikuru.

Zvikurukuru, mirau yepaimba nemiitiro zvinobvumira voruzhinji kuita chiverengero chenhamba nokukurumidza zvikuru. Imba, nemitezo yayo 435, inoda miitiro yakarongeka zvikuru kuti ishande zvakanaka. House Rulay Committee inoita basa rine simba kupfurikidza nokuisa "mirau chaiyo" inodzora kuti zvikwereti zvakati zvichakurukurwa sei, kusarudza kuti iganhuriroirwairwoi inogona kupiwa, uye kutanga nhevedzano yerangariro.

Mitemo yeDare nemiitiro, kune rumwe rutivi, kurangarira kwokuda chiito chokukurumidza, sezvo kuchigovera simba retsika kuVamiriri vamwe navamwe. Ukuru huduku hweDare (100 mitezo) namagamuchidzanwa ekurukurirano yakatambanudzwa zvinoreva kuti vatengi vamwe navamwe vane simba guru rokupesvedzera kana kuti kunonotsa mutemo. Muitiro weReligiobuster(a unobvumira vakwanisi kutambanudza kurukurirano kusingagumi kutoti kana kuti kutoti kana kuti vavhota 60 vamabhineti kuti vaipedze, zvichida ndiwo muenzaniso wakakurumbira zvikurusa weiyi midziyo inorindwa.

Gadziriro Yenharo Nedzokugadziridzwa

Mukurangarira kwapauriri, mitezo inokurukura mipimo yomutemo. Vatsigiri vanotsanangura chikonzero nei mutengo uchidikanwa, zvinetsoi zvauchapedza, uye betsero zvauchagovera. Vashori vanotaura funganyo dzavo, zvingava pamusoro pomutoo wemitengo, ndyiko dzayo, miuyo yawo inobvira isingakanwi, kana kuti nharidzano dzayo huru. Iyi kurukurirano yavose inobatira madonzo akawanda: Inodzidzisa mitezo pamusoro pomutemo, inoparira chinyorwa chedonzo redare, uye inobvumira vanhu kuona nzvimbo dzavamiriri vavo.

Mitezo ingapawo gadziridzo mukati merangariro youriri, kunyange zvazvo mitemo inodzora kugadziridzwa kwezvinenge zvagadziriswa ichisiyana zvikuru pakati pemakamuri. Muimba, mutemo chaiwo wemutemo unoratidza kuti ndeupi waifanira kugadziriswa. MuDare, vagadziri vedare kazhinji kazhinji vane maruramiro makuru okupa kugadziriswa, kunyange zvazvo kugadziriswa ikoko kuchifanira kuva kunokanganisa pamutemo uri pasi.

If the bill passes by simple majority (218 of 435), the bill moves to the Senate. In the Senate, most legislation requires a simple majority (51 votes) to pass, though some matters require supermajorities. The Vice President of the United States serves as President of the Senate and can cast a tie-breaking vote if the Senate is evenly divided.

Kutama Pakati Pemahofisi: Muitiro weBidameral

Kana mari yacho ikapinda mudare rimwe reCongress, inoenda kune mumwe mutumbi kupfurikidza nomuitiro wakafanana wokunzvera, kurukurirano, chinjo, uye kuvhota. Uyu muitiro webimeral (wvunodisa tendero inobva mumakamuri ose ari maviri(ichinhu chinokosha chomuitiro wemitemo weUnited States, wakagadzirirwa kuva nechokwadi chokurangarira kwakakwana ndokudzivisa kugadzirwa kwomutemo kwokukurumidza.

Apo bhiri rinosvika mukamuri rechipiri, harisati richingonanga kuvhota. Panzvimbo pezvo, rinowanzotevera nzira imwe cheteyo semuimba yokutanga: dare, kunzwika, kuisa mushumo wedare, uye kurangarirwa kwouriri. Kamuri rechipiri ringagamuchira mutemo wacho chaizvoizvo sewapfuudzwa nekamuri rokutanga, asi kazhinji kazhinji zvikuru, rinochinja gadziridzo duku dzemiitiro yemiitiro, pane dzimwe nguva inogadziridza.

Kugadzirisa Misiyano: Dare Romusangano

Kana mitumbi yose iri miviri yavhota kuti igamuchire bhiri, inofanira kupedza misiyano ipi neipi pakati peshanduro mbiri. Kana misiyano iri miduku, kamuri rinopfuudza mutengi pakutanga ringangovhota kuti rigamuchire chinjo dzekamuri rechipiri. Zvisinei, apo shanduro mbiri dzinosiana zvikuru, muitiro wakarongwa zvikuru unodikanwa.

Apo shanduro dzeImba neDare dzemitemo dzine misiyano yakawanda inokosha uye kana kuti misiyano yakawanda, dare remusangano rinogadzwa pamutemo kuti riyananise misiyano iri pakati peshanduro mbiri mumutemo mumwe chete. matare eMusangano matare echinguvana anobatana emitezo anobva mumakamuri ose ari maviri, zvikurukuru kubatanidza mitezo yapamusoro yematare ayo pakuvamba akarangarira mutemo.

Kana vapinzwa vacho vasingakwanisi kusvika pabvumirano, mutemo unofa, asi kana chibvumirano chikasvikwa, mushumo wemusangano unogadzirirwa kurondedzera kurumbidzwa kwemitezo yedare nokuda kwechinjo, uye zvose zviri zviviri Imba neDare zvinofanira kutendera mushumo wemusangano. Mushumo wemusangano unomirira kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira pakati penzvimbo dzedzimba mbiri uye haugoni kugadziriswa (matendi) anofanira kuuvhota kana kuti kuuderedza sepasuru.

Kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira kwokupedzisira kunoiswa muMushumo woMusangano unofanira kubvumiranwa nawo nemakamuri ose ari maviri asati abviswa nokuda kwerangariro youpurezidhendi, uye Mushumo weConference ucharumbidza shanduro yavose yemwero nokuda kwetendero uye uchabatanidzawo kutaura kwedonzo remitemo pamusoro pegadziriro dzomutemo muMasangano Evatarisiri Vomusangano. Uku kutaura kwedonzo kunogona kuva kunokosha mukunzwisisa icho Chirongwa chakarehwa negadziriro dzakati uye kungadudzwa mududziro dzomutemo dzomunguva yemberi.

Chiito Chapurezidhendi: Nhano Yokupedzisira

Pashure pokunge mushumo womusangano watenderwa navose vari vaviri Imba neDare, mutongo wokupedzisira unotumirwa kuPurezidhendi, uye kana Purezidhendi achitendera mutemo, anouratidzira ndokuva mutemo. Siginicha yaPurezidhendi inhano yokupedzisira mumuitiro wenguva dzose wemitemo, uchishandura gwaro kuva mutemo unochengetwa.

Zvisinei, Purezidhendi ane zvisarudzo zvinoverengeka apo anopiwa chibvumirano chemari, uye hazvisati zviri zvose zvinoguma nemutemo.

Zvaungasarudza paPurezidhendi

Kuratidzira Bill: Kana Purezidhendi achitendera mutemo, unosainwa ndokuva mutemo. Purezidhendi anoratidzira chaizvoizvo mutemo unokosha mumhemberero dzavose, kazhinji kazhinji akapoteredzwa nemitezo yeCongress iyo yakatsigira pepa navanochengeta danda vachatapurwa naro. Iyi mitambo yokusaina inosimbisa purogiramu yedzororo uye inopa chikwereti kuavo vanoshanda pamitemo.

Kuita chinhu: Kana Purezidhendi asingaiiti chiito kwamazuva gumi apo Congress inenge iri murusando, mutongo wacho unongoerekana wava mutemo. Ikoku kubvumira mutezo kuva mutemo pasina kutenderwa kwaPrezidhendi kwakajeka. Zvichida nokuti Purezidhendi haana revo pamusoro pomutemo asi haaushori zvakasimba kuti uiite, kana kuti nemhaka yokuti Purezidhendi anoda kurega mutemo kuva mutemo pasina kuupa ziviso yetsika yokusaidzira.

Kudzosa Bhii: Kana Purezidhendi akashora mutemo, vangapa muganhu. Aveto kurambwa kwemitemo kwetsika. Apo Purezidhendi anodzosera mari, inodzoserwa kuCongress neshoko rinotsanangura kuramba. Simba rinopa Purezidhendi pesvedzero inokosha pamusoro pomutemo uye rinoshanda sechenjero inokosha pasimba remitemo.

Pocket Veto: Kuwedzera, kana pasina chiito chinoitwa kwamazuva 10 uye Congress yakatopirwa, kune "papocket ". Ichi chiito chinonzi bhegi, uye haigoni kushaikwa neCongress. Suoto rudzi chairwo rweveto runoitika apo Dare rinotumira muteveri kumugumo werusando uye ipapo mabhii anomira pamberi penhambo yezuva gumi. Nemhaka yokuti Dare harisati riri murusarudzo kuti rigamuchire shoko, muraudzo haugoni kuva mutemo.

Kukunda Muzinda Wapurezidhendi

A desidenti reveto harisi haro mugumo werwendo rwechibvumirano. Kana Purezidhendi akabvisa mutemo, Congress angaedza kukurira dare, uye kana vose vari vaviri Dare neImba vakapfuudza mutongo wacho nevoruzhinji vane mativi maviri matatu, voupangeri vamabhiti, uye mutemo wacho unova mutemo. Uyu mukuru unodikanwa . .67 vhoti muDare uye mavhoti 290 muImba inopfuureveto isingawanzowaniki, asi inoitika apo mutemo une tsigiro yakasimba.

Muitiro wokukurira unoratidzira nheyo inokosha yegadziriro yebumbiro remitemo reAmerica: nepo Purezidhendi ane simba rinokosha, Congress pakupedzisira ane chiremera chokugadza mutemo pamusoro pezvirambidzo zvapurezidhendi kana uchigona kuunganidza tsigiro yakakwana.iyi nzvero pasimba rapurezidhendi inobetsera kuchengeta dzikamo pakati pamapazu emitemo neanotungamirira.

Basa raPurezidhendi Mugadziriro Yomutemo

Kunyange zvazvo Congress ine chiremera chebumbiro remitemo chokuita mitemo, Purezidhendi anoita basa rinokosha mumuitiro wose wemitemo, kwete chete pakuguma.

Mapurezidhendi anokarakadza nguva dzose zvirongwa zvemitemo, achionesa zvinhu zvavo zvetsika zvinokosha muHurumende yeAddress of the Union and dzimwe hurukuro. Vakuru vakuru vanotarisira vanoshanda nemitezo yeCongress kunyora zvikwereti zvinoratidzira zvinangwa zvaPrezidhendi. Utungamiriri hwebato raPrezidhendi muCongress hunoshanda zvikurukuru kufambisira mberi zvomutemo wehurumende, kunyange zvazvo Congress achichengeta kuzvimirira kwayo uye angagadziridza, kuramba, kana kuti kufuratira zvikarakadzo zvapurezidhendi.

Zvichida zvinotokosha zvikuru, simba rokuisa mutemo weveto rinogona kutapura zvinenge zviri muzvikwereti zvinopfuudzwa neCongress, uye sezvo kuri kwechienzi zvikuru kuti mutemo uitwe pamusoro pomutezo wapurezidhendi, Congress anofanira kugadzirira zvamagariro apurezidhendi pamiitiro inokarakadzwa. Ikoku kunoreva kuti kunyange pamutemo usati wasvika padesiki raPurezidhendi, vatungamiriri vesangano kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji vanotaura neWhite House kuti vave nechokwadi kuti mutemo wacho uchagamuchirwa naPurezidhendi, kana kuti zvimwe haufaniri kunyandura chigaro.

Kufunga Chaiko: Kuongorora uye Mabhiri Obhajeti

Kunyange zvazvo mutemo wakawanda uchitevera muitiro warondedzerwa pamusoro apa, mabhiri ezvirongwa zvehurumende nepurogiramu dzinogovera mari nokuda kwemabasa ehurumende nepurogiramu(zvine zvimwe zvinhu zvechienzi. Kubhadharisa mari kunonyorwa neDare reImba neDare rokuHuruvara. Bumbiro reMitemo rinoraira kuti zvikwereti zvemari zvitangire muImba yeVamiririri, zvichipa nzvimbo iyoyo basa chairo mumutemo wefiscal.

Padanho rino, mabhiri okuranganisa anowanzobatanidzwa kuva mapaketa makuru, anonzi "amnibus" mabhiri. Panzvimbo pokupfuudza mabhiri okudzosera gumi namaviri akaparadzana enharaunda dzakasiana dzehurumende, Congress inowanzobatanidza mabhiri akawanda anoraswa kuva chidimbu chimwe chikuru chemutemo. aya mabhiri ebhuzi anogona kuva zviuru zvamapeji akareba uye anotsigira hurumende yose yehurumende kwegore rimwe.

Kana Congress isingagoni kupfuudza zvitsama zvemiitiro kana kuti mari yemabhiri, vangapfuudza mwero wemari yechinguvana, "Chisarudzo chemari chapanguva ino", kuti vawedzere mwero yemari kuti vadzivise kumiswa kwehurumende. Zvisarudzo zvinopfuurira zvirevo zvinomisa zvitengo zvinochengeta hurumende ichishanda apo Congress inenge isina kupedza muitiro wenguva dzose pamavambo egore refiscal (October 1).

Kusafanoziviswa Kwegadziriro Yomutemo

Nepo nyaya ino ichirondedzera nzira inogarwa navose bhiri rinotora kuva mutemo, kunokosha kunzwisisa kuti muitiro chaiwoiwo kazhinji kazhinji wakaoma zvikuru uye hauna kujeka. Muitiro uyo muganhu unova mutemo hauwanzofa wakajekerwa uye unogona kusiana zvikuru pagweta nerimhosva, uye kutaura idi, nokuda kwezvikwereti zvakawanda, muitiro wacho hausati uchizotevera nhevedzano yemadanho eoundition anowanzonzwisiswa kuva muiti wemitemo.

Mabhiri angagadziridzwa zvikuru padanho ripi neripi, akabatanidzwa nemimwe mingava, akakamuraniswa kuva mabhiri akawanda, kana kuti akasungirirwa sedzosero kumutemo usina kufanana. Vatungamiriri veboka vangataurirana kupesana seri kwemasuo akavharwa vasati vaunza mutemo pauriri. Kugadziridza kwemitemo kunogona kukurumidzisa kana kuti kuderedza kurangarira. Zviitiko zvokunze. Zvekunze nechete, njodzi, dzvinyiriro yavose (*kungoerekana kwakwidza kana kuti kuparadza kariro yegweheti.)

Mamwe mabhiri anopfuvura muchinoitika mumazuva, zvikurukuru mumhinduro kumigariro yakakomba kana kuti apo kunenge kune bvumirano yakafara. Vamwe vanotambura kwamakore, vachidzoserwazve muMitezo mizhinji isati yava mutemo pakupedzisira.

Chikonzero Nei Kunzwisisa Iyi Nzira Kuchikosha Kuvane Simba

Kunzwisisa kuti mitemo inoitwa sei inopa simba vavhoti munzira dzinoverengeka dzinokosha. Chokutanga, zvinokubetsera kunyora mutemo une chokuita newe. Nokuziva kuti chikwereti chiri mugadziriro yacho, unogona kukarira kuti chii chinotevera kuitika ndokuziva mikana yokupesvedzera mugumisiro wacho. Ko mudare here? Iyi ndiyo nguva yokuonana nenhengo dzedare. Iri kunanga pauriri here? Svirira kumumiriri wako kana kuti mutungamiriri pamberi pevhoti.

Chechipiri, kunzwisisa muitiro wacho kunokubetsera kuyera mubato wavakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa. Apo mumiriri anotaura chikwereti nokuda kwegweta, unogona kunzvera kana ivo vari mutsigiri, mutsigiri, kana kuti kungovhota. Apo mutengi anotaura kuti vaishora mutemo, unogona kuona kana ivo vakavhotera mudare, kana kuti vakapa gadziridzo kuichinja, kana kuti kutaura pamusoro payo. Iyi zivo inokubetsera kunzvera kana vamiririri vako vari kufambira mberi zvinobudirira mumifungo yako.

Chechitatu, kuziva kuti mitemo inoitwa sei kunoratidza mapfundo akawanda ayo vagari vemo vanogona kutora rutivi. Unogona kunyorera vamiririri vako kuti vakarakadze mutemo, kupupurira padare, kupa tsinhiro dzakanyorwa, kusangana nemitezo yavashandi, kukumbanira masangano ezvokushandisa, kana kuti kutora rutivi munhimbe dzouswa. Democracy haisati ichingova bedzi pamusoro pokuvhota makore mashomanene ari ose.

Chechina, kunzwisisa muitiro wemitemo kunobetsera kunzwisisa kuoma kwekudzora. Kuri nyore kuvhiringidzwa apo Dare rinoratidzika kuva rinononoka kana kuti rinodzorwa, asi nhanho yamaune inoratidzira marongedzero egadziriro. Nhano dzakawanda, chinodikanwa chetendero chebudaral, bviro yemapurezidhendi mativi ose aya yakaitirwa kuva nechokwadi chokuti mitemo inorangarirwa nokungwarira, kuti mirangariro yakasiana inonzwiwa, uye zvikarakadzo zvechimbichimbichimbi kana kuti zvisina mufungo hazvivi mutemo unodzika.

Nzira Iyo Vagari Vanogona Kutora Nayo Rutivi Mumuitiro Womutemo

Zvinoitwa nehurumende zvinopa mikana yakawanda yokuti mugari wemo apinde muhondo, uye izvi ndizvo zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinonyatsobatsira kuti inzwi rako rinzwike:

Nhengo dzeChikamu chaMasangano dzinopa ngwariro kukurukurirano dzakafanana. Kufona kwefoni, maemail, tsamba, uye misangano yemone nenhume navamiriri kana kuti vashandi vavo zvinogona kupesvedzera kuti vatongi vanovhota sei uye kuti inhaui dzavanoisa pakutanga. Ivai vakananga pamusoro pezvamunoda kuti vaite.

Rinoedzwa paKunzwa:[[[FLT: 1] matare eCongress anotonga mutemo wakamirira ndokukumbira zvapupu kupupurira. Nepo kunzwa kwepamusoro kunoratidzira vanyori vedare navanorumbidza, vanzwi vazhinji vanobatanidza zvipupuriro zvinobva kuvagariwo zvavo vakatapurwa nomutemo. Bvunza dare kubvunza pampata yokupupurira kana kuti kupa chipupuriro chakanyorwa.

Join Advocacy Organizations:[ Masangano akanangidzira ngwariro panhau dzakananga", dziviriro yetsika, kodzero dzavagari vemo, dzidzo, dzidzo, mirau yebhizimisi, mirau, vatsigiri, uye Dare remibatanidzwa. Kukumbanira aya masangano anodzosa inzwi rako nokukuchengeta uchiziva pamusoro pezvinoitika zvewirirano yemitemo.

Horo dzeTown: Mitezo yakawanda yeCongress inoita misangano yehoro yetaundi mumaruwa ayo umo vamiriri vanogona kubvunza mibvunzo ndokuratidzira mirangariro yavo. Izvi zvinoitika zvinogovera kusvika kwakananga kuvamiriri vako uye zvinoratidzira fariro yavose munhau dzakati.

Shandisa Media yenzanga: Mitezo yeCongress inochengeta kuvapo kwesociation nemirangariro inowirirana paIndaneti. Tsinhiro dzavo dzoruzhinji panzvimbo dzavo, mapepa anodudza, uye nhimbe dzenzanga dzakarongwa dzinogona kukwevera ngwariro kunhau uye kuratidzira ukuru hwetsigiro yavose kana kuti chishoro.

Zvimwe: Govana mashoko pamusoro pemitemo iri kumirira neshamwari, mhuri, uye mitezo yenzanga. Kana vanhu vakawanda vanonzwisisa nhau ndokuonana navamiriri vavo, Dare rinofanira kuita chiito.

Nyika Nemitemo Yomunzvimbomo

Nepo nyaya ino ichinangidzira ngwariro pamuitiro wemitemo womubatanidzwa, kunokosha kuyeuka kuti matare ehurumende nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo zvinoitawo mitemo inotapura zvikuru upenyu hwako hwezuva nezuva. Hurumende dzinogadza mitemo inotevera miitiro yakafanana neCongress(bills inosumwa, inonongedzerwa kumatare, inokakavadzana, uye inovhota pa(8) asi miitiro yacho inosiana nehurumende.

Dzimwe nyika dzine matare emisino anosangana gore rose, nepo dzimwe dzine matare emisino isina kuzara anosangana kwemwedzi mishomanene bedzi gore rimwe nerimwe. Dzimwe nyika dzinobvumira vagari vemo kukarakadza mitemo zvakananga kupfurikidza nokutanga kupfuudza matare, kupfuudza mutezo wedare. Dzimwe dzine ganhuro dzeshoko nokuda kwevaiti vemitemo, nepo dzimwe dzisingadaro. Kunzwisisa muitiro wakananga wehurumende yako kunokosha kungofanana nokunzwisisa muitiro wehurumende.

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo(masangano, zvikoro, mabhodhi ezvikoro) zvinoitawo mitemo inotapura iwe zvakananga, kubvira pamirau inodzorwa kusvikira kumitengo yechikoro kusvikira kumitengo yomunzvimbomo. Iyi mitumbi ine miitiro inowanika zvikuru kupfuura dare rehurumende kana kuti rehurumende, ine nhambo dzavose pamisangano uye mikana yokutora rutivi chaimo. Kubatanidzwa pamwero womunzvimbomo kunogona kuva nzira yakaisvonaka zvikuru yokudzidza pamusoro pomuitiro wemitemo ndokuita musiyano mukuru munzanga yenyu.

Mirangariro Inozivikanwa Navose Pamusoro Pegadziriro Yomutemo

Misclect: Mutemo unova mutemo nokukurumidza paunopfuudza Congress. Zvomene: Pashure pokupfuura makamuri ose ari maviri, mutemo unofanira kusainwa naPurezidhendi (kana kuti kuva mutemo kupfurikidza nomumwe wemimwe miitiro inorondedzerwa pamusoro apa). Mutungamiriri wehurumende anogona kuudzorera kuCongress.

Mitezo yose yeCongress inovhota papepa riri rose. Zvomene: Zvikwereti zvizhinji hazvitongoiiti mudare uye hazvitongogamuchiri vhoti youriri. Kunyange zvikwereti zvinosvika pauriri zvingasagamuchira vhoti dzinobva kumitezo yose(dzimwe mitezo ingasavapo, uye muImba, mavhoti anoitiswa nenzwi kana kuti boka panzvimbo pokurekodwa.

Kushanda kwomutemo: Muitiro wemitemo unokurumidza. Zvomenemene: Mutemo wakawandasa unotora mwedzi kana makore kuva mutemo, kana ukatongova mutemo. Kunyange zvikwereti netsigiro yakafara kazhinji kazhinji zvinoda kutaurirana kukuru nokubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira zvisati zvagona kupfuura zvose zviri zviviri zvina dare ndokugamuchira tendero yapurezidhendi.

Misc: Vagari vemo vamwe navamwe havagoni kupesvedzera muitiro. Zvomene: Mitezo yeCongress inogamuchira zvinobatanidzwa, zvikurukuru apo masangano akawanda anotaura mirangariro yakafanana. Nhimbe dzakarongwa dzekudzora dzakapesvedzera nenzira inobudirira miuyo isingaverengeki yemitemo.

Kufunga: Kana mutemo wangopfuudzwa, ndewechigarire. Zvomene: Mitemo inogona kugadziriswa kana kuti kuchinjwa neCongress dzinotevera. Muitiro womutemo unopfuurira, Congress ichingodzokororwazve nguva dzose uye kudzokororwa kwemitemo iripo mumhinduro kumigariro inochinja nezvokutanga.

Zviwanikwa Zvokurongera Mitemo

Zviwanikwa zvakanakisisa zvakawanda zvinowanikwa nokuda kwevagari vemo vanoda kuronga mitemo voramba vachiziva nezvemitemo yacho:

.Gov: Website yeU.S. Congress inogovera mashoko akazara pamusoro pomutemo wehurumende, kubatanidza rugwaro rwemitemo, zvinyorwa zvevhotera, mishumo yedare, uye Congregation Record. Ndiro manyuko ane chiremera zvikurusa nokuda kwokuronga mutemo wehurumende. Shanyira Conreg.

[ Dare reDare reSayebhu: Dare rimwe nerimwe rinochengeta website yaro rimene namashoko pamusoro pekunzwa, kubhadharwa, uye mutemo zviri mukati maro. Nzvimbo idzi dzinowanzobatanidza marekodhi anonzwa, uchapupu, uye mishumo yematare.

C-SPAN: Cable-Satellite Affairs Network inogovera kufukidzwa kupenyu kwemiitiro yeImba nedare, kutongwa kwedare, uye zvimwe zvinoitika zvemisangano. C-SPAN yakarekodwawo chinyorwa chakapfuudzwa, kuchikuita kuri nyore kutarira zvinoitika zvawakapotsa.

[ CRS Inogadzira Mishumo yeNzvero yeProto yeProto: CRS inobudisa mishumo isina kutora rutivi panhau dzemiitiro nemiitiro yemitemo yemitezo yeCongress. Nepo iyi mishumo yagadzirirwa nokuda kweCongress, mizhinji inowanika pachena kupfurikidza nenzvimbo dzewebsite dzakadai se CRP.com[[FL:3]]

Govtrack: Iyi website yakazvimirira inoita kuti ive nyore kunzwisisa kupfurikidza nokupeta, nhamba, uye zvishandiso zvokunyora. Inobetsera zvikurukuru pakuronga zvikwereti zvakati kana kuti misoro.

Nhengo dzeMumiriri Wewebsite: Mitezo yeCongress inochengeta mawebsite apamutemo ane mashoko pamusoro penzvimbo dzawo, marekodhi okuvhota, uye mitemo yemitemo. Nzvimbo idzi dzinowanzobatanidza zvishandiso zvokutaura nehofisi uye kusaina nokuda kwamapepanhau.

Kukosha Kwokubatanidzwa Muchibvumirano Chokuberekana

Kunzwisisa muitiro wokuita mutemo kunopfuura kurovedza kwedzidzo yedzidzo. Chitendero chinoparira kuva mugari wemo unoshanda. Chido choutongi chinoda kuziva, chinobatanidza vagari vemo vanonzwisisa kuti hurumende yavo inoshanda sei uye vanotora rutivi mugadziriro yokuita mitemo. Apo vagari vemo vanonzwisisa kuti mitemo inoitwa sei, vanogona kutsigira zvinobudirira zvikuru nokuda kwefariro dzavo, vanogona kuita kuti vamiriri vavo vazvidavirire, uye vatsigire kumuitiro wedemocracy.

Gadziriro yomutemo, nokuoma kwayo kwose nokufunga, inoratidzira mipimo yehurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yakakomba: kumirira, kurangarira, kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira, uye kunzvera nokudzikama. Nepo muitiro wacho unogona kuva unokangaidza((w), unononoka, wakaoma, uye pane dzimwe nguva unoratidzika kuva usina kutsarukana (wakarongwa kuva nechokwadi chokuti mirangariro yakasiana - siana inonzwiwa, kuti zvikarakadzo zvinosanorangarirwa, uye kuti mitemo inoratidzira bvumirano huru panzvimbo pefariro dzakaganhurirwa.

Mitemo yeDare inopfuura inotapura anenge mativi ose oupenyu hwedu — kubva mumhepo yatinofema uye muzvokudya zvatinodya kusvikira kumitero yatinoripa nekodzero dzatinadzo.

Ungave uri kuda zvikuru kudzivirira mhoteredzo, muitiro wezvemari, kodzero dzevagari vemo, dzidzo, chengeteko yenyika, kana kuti imwe nhau ipi neipi, kunzwisisa muitiro wemitemo kukubatsira kufambisira mberi zvinhu zvako zvokutanga. Uchaziva nguva yokuonana navamiriri vako, kuti vovakumbira kuitei, uye kuti vachayera sei maitiro avo. Uchakwanisa kuziva vatsigiri navashori, kunzwisisa mhinganidzo dzetsika, uye kuziva mikana yokufambira mberi.

Mugumisiro: Kuva Mugari Wemo Kunosimbiswa Nokunzwisisa

Rwendo rwokuenda kumutemo rwakaoma, runobatanidza nhanho dzakawanda, vatambi vakawanda, uye mikana isingaverengeki yokushandisa, kugadziridza, uye kurangarira. Mabhili anofanira kuongorora dare, kurukurirano youriri, kutendera kwebhiyameral, uye chiito chapurezidhendi asati ava mutemo. Padanho rimwe nerimwe, chikarakadzo chingagadziriswa, kunonotswa, kana kuti kukundwa. Iyi purogiramu yakasanorongwa inoratidzira vavariro yavatangi yokugadzira hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu umo mitemo inosanorangarirwa nokutsigirwa.

Kusarudza, kunzwisisa izvi kunokosha, kunoratidza kuti vamiririri vako vanopedza sei nguva yavo uye vanoshandisa simba ravo.

Muitiro wemitemo hausi mutambo wevaoni,(icho muitiro wokupa ganhuriro unotsamira pakuvimbisana kwevagari vemo. Mitezo yeCongress inopindura chibvumirano nemhaka yokuti inoda kusarudzwazve, uye vanoziva kuti vazivi vanovimbisa, vanopa ngwariro kumavhoti avo nezviito. Nokunzwisisa kuti mitemo inoitwa sei, uchava mutsigiri anobudirira zvikuru nokuda kwefariro dzako uye mutsigiri akadzidza zvikuru muhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.

Sezvaunotevera mutemo une chokuita newe, yeuka kuti muitiro wacho wakarongedzerwa kuva weune panzvimbo pokukurumidza, kutendera wirirano pamusoro pezvinhu zvikuru zviduku, uye kugovera mabanza akawanda okupinza nokushandura. Nepo ikoku kuchigona kuva kunokangaidza apo unenge uchidisa nhau, unopawo dziviriro pamutemo wokukurumidzira kana kuti usina kufungwa zvakanaka. Gadziriro inoshanda zvakanakisisa apo vagari vemo vanoinzwisisa ndokutora rutivi mairi.

Iva nenguva yokunyora mutemo panhau dzaunoda. Taura navamiririri vako uye vazivise maonero ako. Ivaiwo nenzeve nehoro dzetaundi. Ivaiwo nesangano rezvoudzidzisi. Dzidzisai vamwe pamusoro penhau dzinokosha. Musarudzo iri yose, kwete bedzi sarudzo dzapurezidhendi nesarudzo huru kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji dzine kuderera kwechitsaru asi dzinogona kuva sezvichero zvemiuyo.

Democracy haisati iri gadziriro isingaiti kuti vagari vangosarudza zvavo vatungamiriri vobva vamirira kuona chinoitika. Muitiro unoshingaira unoda kuvimbisana kunopfuurira, kutora rutivi kwokuziva, uye kupfuurira kutora rutivi. Nokunzwisisa kuti mitemo inoitwa sei, unozvishongedzera umene kuva mugari wemo anobudirira zvikuru uye kuita rutivi rwako mukuumba mitemo inodzora nzanga yedu. Kunzwisisa ikoko hakukoshi bedzi. Nhakakosha kumunhu upi noupi anoda kutora rutivi mune revoruzhinji.