Muitiro wokusabvumirana unomira serimwe ramatanho anokosha zvikurusa muUnited States Constitution, yakagadzirirwa kuchengeta purezidhendi navamwe vakuru vakuru vehurumende vachizvidavirira nokuda kwomufambiro wakashata wakakomba. Kunyange zvazvo wakashandiswa zvishoma namazana maviri amakore, kubudisa kumwe nokumwe kunonyandura gakava rinotyisa pamusoro perevo yezvikamu zveBumbiro remitemo, mwero wakafanira wesimba redare, uye dzikamo pakati pemipimo yapamutemo norutongeso rwezvamatongerwe enyika. Kunzwisisa gakavaramisirwo yakapoteredza kusingatevedzerwi kunokosha nokuda kwokunzwisisa kuti simba iri rinoshanda sei mukati megadziriro yeAmerica yemitemo yehurumende uye kuti ingashandiswa sei mumagakava anotevera.

Kushandiswa Kwebumbiro Remitemo

Dare reMitemo rinosimbisa mutoo wokusafunda mugadziriro mbiri huru. Article I, Chikamu 2 chinopa Imba yeVamiririri “Simba rimwe reImpeatingment,” nepo Article I, Chikamu 3 chinopa Dare“ Simba rimwe chete rokuedza zvose. mativi chaiwoiwo ekusatemwaradzikisa anonyorwa mu [FT:] [FLT:] I, Chikamu 4 ]

Mutungamiriri wehurumende, Mutungamiriri weSaniheridhe navakuru vose vehurumende veUnited States, achabviswa paHofisi paKutendwa kweTsvene, Chiokomuhomwe, kana kuti mamwe Matsotsi makuru.

Mutauro uyu unobatanidza noune mhosva dzakati (mufungo nechiokomuhomwe) norudzi rwakafara, rwusinganzwisisiki zvikuru. “Utsotsi hwakakwirira neMisdeamer.” Vapfumi vakakwereta ichi chitsama chamashoko mumuitiro wemasangano echiNgezi, umo wakanga wafukidzwa munhau mhaka pahurumende yakanga isati iri hayo utsotsi hunopomerwa. Voruzhinji veImba vanogona kusapa mukuru mukuru mukuru mukuru mhaka (pomero yakakomba), uye kupwiswa kunoda mavhoti maviri eDare. Kuvhota kuhofisi ndiko chirati bedzi chirango chemitemo, kunyange zvazvo Dare reSati ringavhotera kushairira mukuru mukuru mukuru wehurumende anopomerwa mhaka pakubata hofisi yomutemo yomunguva yemberi.

Purogiramu yacho inozivisa kugoverwa kwokungwarira kwesimba: Imba inoita sedare guru rinobetsera vatongi, Dare sedare rokutonga, uye Ruramisiro Mukuru weUnited States inotungamirira pamiedzo youpurezidhendi. Ichi chirongwa chinoratidzira vavariro yavaFramers yokuita nzvero yezvamatongerwe enyika pasimba rehurumende vachidzivisa kuiswa kwechiremera chokubviswa pabazu rimwe. Nharo paConvention yeConstitution muna 1787 dzinoratidza kuti nhume dzakaramba zvikarakadzo zvokupa purezidhendi oga simba rokubvisa pasi pomuduku, pamwe chete nokuedza kuita kuti vasarumbidze chose chose chose. Panzvimbo pezvo, vakaedza kuita gadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika yechishatiso yehurumende inoumbwa nedare rinodzokoroko.

Chii Chiri “Utsotsi Hwakakwirira Nezvakaipa ”?

Nzwisiso Yapakuvamba

Chibvumikiso chebumbiro remitemo chinopfuurira zvikurusa chakapoteredza kusatendeseka ndechokukura kwe “dzimwe utsotsi hwakakwirira neMisdemior.” Mukati mekurukurirano dzechikakavaro, Alexander Hamilton akatsanangura mu [[FLT: 0] Fiterastrist No. 65 kuti kusabvumirana kwaizotaura nezve“ kubatwa zvisina kufanira kana kuti kupunzwa kwechivimbo chavose,” achiirondedzera se “kupfuurira kwomugariro wezvamatongerwe enyika.” Iye akasimbisa kuti muitiro wacho wakanga uchiitirwa kubata mhaka idzo “dzinonyanyoita kuti njodzi dziitwe nokukurumidza kunzanga imene.”

Vagadziri vakabva mumuenzaniso weEngland, uko kusatendeseka kwakanga kwashandiswa mukurwisana navashumiri voumambo nokuda kwezvakaipa zvakadai sechiokomuhomwe, kuregeredzwa kwebasa, kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba, uye ushati (kuzvibata kwakasekesa fariro yavose kunyange kana isina kuumba utsotsi hwemitemo. Kubatanidzwa kwe “Mishemexeumrs" (iyo muna makumi masere nezana ramakore yakareva mhosva dzezvamatongerwe enyika, kwete kuputsa mutemo kuduku kwevagari vemo) kunoratidzirazve kuti vaFramers vaitarisira kusatenderwa nokuda kwemhaka yetsika dzakakomba dzinopfuura mhosva dzinopomerwa.

“ Chiito Choutsotsi” chinopesana. “Kushandiswa Kwesimba” Nharo

Chibvumikiso chimwe chikuru chebumbiro remitemo chinokamuranisa nyanzvi nevezvamatongerwe enyika: purezidhendi anofanira kuita utsotsi chaihwoihwo kuva husingatendiki, kana kuti kudzorwa kunogona kusvika mufambiro unoputsa bedzi ruvimbo rwavanhu? Sarurigit [ vanopikisa kuti “Utsotsi hukuru naMisdemeor" zvinofanira kuganhurirwa kumhosva dzedare. Mumurangariro uyu, purezidhendi asina kuputsa mutemo (* saanoshandisa simba rapamusoro nokuda kwemhindu yezvamatongerwe enyika pasina pamutemo (hwusingagoni kubviswa). Iyi mirangariro yakadzora kudzivirira kwevose vari vaviri Purezidhendi weAnd Johnson (1868) naPrezidhendi weClinton . Muiyi CRINSCRICTION munguva yemienzaniso yavo.

Vavaki vemitemo yevhu vanotsigira kuti vaFrames vakasarudza noune mupimo unochinjika. Vanonongedzera kumashoko okuti “imwe misengwa mikuru neMisidhemu” sechinhu chinoparira mufambiro wakakomba unokuvadza republic, kubatanidza kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba, kudzongonyedzwa kweruramisiro, uori, uye kushambadzwa kwamabasa emitemo. Uyu murangariro unoisa pasi pekunyorwa kwemitemo kwaPresidenti Donald Trump (209 ne2021), apo Imba yakamupomera kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwesimba nemhesvedzero yeDare muchinoitika chokutanga, uye kunyandura kudzorwa kwechibvumirano mumutemo wechipiri.

Nyanzvi dzemitemo dzinozivikanwa, kubatanidza CORLE BLAN na Casstein[, dzakataura kuti ufakazi hwenhau hunotsigira zvakasimba murangariro wakafara. Sezvinonyora Black mufundo yake ya1956] “Itendition: Handbook,” mashoko okuti“ Utsotsi neMisa zvinofukidza “mhosva huru dzinorwisana neBumbiro remitemo” dzinorova mwoyo wehurumende yeRepublican, pasinei zvapo nokuti dzinooneka muU. . Dare.[FLT] [FLT:] Dare remitemo risingatsiginyiswi, rinotsigira neDare reProfendiro, rinotsinhira ku “Mabasa reHwerengero.

Basa Reimba Nedare: Zvibvumikiso Zvemashoko.

Simba Revhu Reimba Rokusava Nezvarinotarisirwa

Zvibvumikiso zveBumbiro reMitemo zvinonangawo pakuti Imba inoshandisa sei chiremera chayo chokusabvumirana. Bumbiro reMitemo haripi murairo upi noupi: Imba ingavhota panhau dzekunyoresa dzinorongwa neDare reJudia, kana kuti ingashanda kupfurikidza nechisarudzo chouriri. Mumuitiro wazvino uno, House Judicary Committee inonzvera, inoita kuti vanzwi vateerere, iyo inokanwa uye inovhoteswa neImba yakazara.

Vatsoropodzi pane dzimwe nguva vakarangarira kuti Imba inofanira kutevera miitiro yakafanana nenhau huru dzedare rinobetsera vatongi, nemirairo yakajeka zvikuru nerwisano youchapupu. Vamwe vanotaura kuti nemhaka yokuti kuteererwa irutongeso rwezvamatongerwe enyika pakupedzisira, Imba ine kuchenjera kukuru kuronga zvinoitika sezvainoona kuva zvakakodzera. Dare Gurusa rakadzivisa zvikuru kuhwirudzura miitiro yemitemo yedare, kududza “dzidziso yezvamatongerwe enyika”. NICON v. United States[FLT:] [1993]), Dare rairangarira kuti zvinetso zvemiitiro yokutonga yakanga isingakodzeri kururamisa zvakanga zvisingakwani kururamisira.

Dare Sedare Rokutonga

Bhuku reMitemo rinopa kuti Dare “rive neSimba rimwe chete rokuedza zvose zvinodzidziswa,” asi haritauri mitemo youchapupu, urefu hwomuedzo, kana kuti kana Dare richifanira kunzwa zvapupu zviripo.

Mukati mokutonga kwaPurezidhendi Clinton, Dare rakasarudza kupfuurira kwakaganhurirwa pasina chipupuriro chipenyu. Mukati mokutonga kwokutanga kwaPurezidhendi Trump, Dare rakavhota kusanzwa zvapupu zvakawedzerwa kana kuti magwaro esubpoena, chisarudzo chakanyandura kurukurirano huru pamusoro pokuti Dare rakanga richizadzika basa raro rebumbiro remitemo rokuita “dare.” Vatsigiri vechisarudzo chacho vakataura kuti Dare ringarondedzera kuti“ nhau” [Purofesa]; vashori vakadenha kuti kutonga pasina mukana wokupa ufakazi hwakafanira kwakanga kuri kupesana kwomutoro. [[FLT:] 1993] NCONF: [FLT] chisarudzo chakakwana [FLT] chinobetsera kuchisarudzo chapakati pedare kurumbidzo.

Chimwe chibvumikiso chinoramba chichidzokororwa chine chokuita nemupimo woufakazi. Bumbiro reMitemo haritauri pamusoro pomutoro woufakazi hunodikanwa nokuda kwokupwiswa. Nyanzvi zhinjisa dzinobvuma kuti kutendwa hakusi pasi pomutadzi “kupfuura kupanikira kune mufungo”, asi panzvimbo pezvo chimwe chinhu chakadai se“ ufakazi hwakajeka nohunopwisa” kana kuti kunyange “kunangidzira ufakazi.” Mamaneja eDzi eDzirokuro negweta vanodzivirira vaiwanzokumbira iyi mipimo yakasiana, asi hapana chisarudzo chakakwana chokutonga.

Zviitiko Zvenhau Nezvidudziro Zvazvo Zvebumbiro Remitemo

Chinyorwa chaJohnson (1868)

Purezidhendi Andrew Johnson, Democrat akatsiva Abraham Lincoln, akashorwa zvikurukuru nokuda kwokuputsa Tenure of Office Act, iyo yakarambidza purezidhendi kupfura mitezo yeCabittene pasina tendero yeDare. Johnson akataura kuti mutemo wacho umene wakanga usina kuwirirana nehurumende, uye boka rake rinodzivirira rakataura kuti kubviswa kwake kwoMunyori weWar Edwin Stanton hakuna kukwira kusvikira pamwero we “Utsotsi Hukuru navaMisdemi.” Iye akasunungurwa nevhoti imwe.

Mhaka yaJohnson yakatanga muenzaniso wokuti kusabvumirana hakufaniri kushandiswa sechombo nokuda kwemisiano yemitemo kana kuti kusabvumirana pamusoro pedudziro yomutemo. Vamiriri vazhinji vakavhotera kusunungura mhaka vakadavira kuti (hwukushandiswa zvisina kufanira kukuru kwesimba rokusarayira). Ichi chinoitika chakadudzwa nagweta rinodzivirira mutsutsumwa dzinotevera kuti Imba inofanira kubvumikisa chakaipa chapachokwadi, kwete bedzi chishoro chezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kudzoka kweNixon (19974)

Purezidhendi Richard Nixon haana kutongoshatiswa neHouse yakazara, asi Dare rePuerce Judicary rakatendera zvinhu zvitatu zvokusatenderwa nokuda kwokudzorwa kweruramisiro, kushatiswa kwesimba, uye kuzvidza Congress. Nixon akarega basa pamberi peImba yaigona kuvhota. Nyaya dzacho dzakamupomera mufambiro uyo wakanga usingaputsi mutemo wakati weutsotsi chaizvoizvo . Zvakadai sokushandisa masangano ehurumende kudenha vavengi vezvamatongerwe enyika uye kuramba kuwirirana navaduku. dare racho rabhinya rabhinya rabhinya rabhinya rabhinya kuti vaRepublican rakabvuma mufambiro wacho waisafanira kutendwa kunyange kana usati uri utsotsi.

Nhevedzano yeNixon yakachinja zvikuru kurukurirano dzapashure. Yakaratidzira kuti chipingamupinyi cheruramisiro (kunyange napurezidhendi) chaigona kurangarirwa kuva mhaka isingatenderwi, uye kuti kuramba kwapurezidhendi kuwirirana navapurisa vamasangano kunogona kuva kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba. Nyaya dzacho dzakasimbisawo kuti Article II “Ita basa rokuita mitemo yave yakatyorwa nokutendeka. Uku kurangarira kwakaoneka zvakare mukusatendiswa kwokutanga kwemitemo.

Kudzidza Kunoitwa muClinton (1998)

Purezidhendi Bill Clinton akashorwa neHouse nokuda kwokunyengera uye mhinganidzo yeruramisiro yakabva mudare renyongano yevatano raPaula Jones uye mhosho yaMonica Lewinsky.

Vadziviriri vaClinton vakataura kuti kureva nhema pamusoro penhau kwakanga kusati kuri mhaka muhurumende uye kwakakundikana pamupimo wenhau nokuda kwokusapiwa. Imba yacho yakataura kuti yakanga ichishandisa zvisina kufanira muitiro wokuwana mhindu. Dare pakupedzisira rakasunungurwa Clinton, kunyange navaRepublican vasina mhaka. Mhaka yakarongedza gakava pamusoro pokuti mhaka dzisingatenderwi dzinofanira kuva dzepachena here, mabasa ezvamatongerwe enyika panzvimbo pokuzvibata kusingazvidzoreki.

Trump Imppeatingments (209 na2021)

Purezidhendi Donald Trump akashorwa kaviri, purezidhendi bedzi aifanira kupiwa chinopfuura kamwe. Kushatisa kwokutanga kwaifungidzira kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba (nokuda kwokumanikidza Ukraine kunzvera mukwikwidzani wake wezvamatongerwe enyika) uye kudzongonyedza kweDare (nokuda kwokurayira vakuru vakuru kusawirirana namapureya). Kudzorwa kwechipiri kwakapomera kunyandura kumukira pashure pedenho yaJanuary 6 Capitol.

Zvibvumikiso zvose zviri zviviri zvakaparira zvibvumikiso zvakakomba zvebumbiro remitemo. Vatsigiri vechibvumirano chokutanga vakapikisa kuti kukumbira kudzongonyedzwa kwokumwe muvhoti yeUnited States kwakanga kuri kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba kwaishatisa muitiro wokusarudza (hwunongedzei) rudzi rwokutadzira rwaiitirwa kuti simba rokusazvidira ripiwe. Vashori vakapikisa kuti pakanga pasina ufakazi hwe “chikamu chinobvumwa chehurumende” kuti kuyamura kwechiuto kwakananga, uye kuti zviito zvapurezidhendi zvakanga zvichitsamira pachisarudzo chake chedzimwe nyika.

Chirango chechipiri chakamutsa mubvunzo wenhau ino unowirirana kana purezidhendi aigona kudzingwa pashure pokubva pahofisi (Imba yakanyoresa Trump mazuva bedzi asara mushoko rake). Dare pakupedzisira rakasarudza kupfuurira nokutonga, asi vanasarudzo 57 vakasarudza kuisa mhaka kusungwa (kupfupi nemhiko mbiri dzinodikanwa. Chibvumikiso chapamutemo chakavakirwa parugwaro rweChikamu I, Chikamu 3, icho chinoti Dare rine “Simba rimwe chete rokuedza zvose zvinotemwa.” Dzimwe nyanzvi dzakataura kuti “zvose zvinodaidzwa” zvinobatanidza avo vaichimbova vakuru vakuru vakuru; vamwe vakaomerera kuti donzo rokubviswa pahofisi rive rimwe mapeji edare, uye dare rinoshaiwa. Nhau yacho inoramba iri senhau yeDare gurusa. [FLG]

Mapoka Emitemo: Kutevedzerwa kweBumbiro reMitemo uye Kushanda

Chibvumikiso chakavakirwa pabumbiro remitemo ndechekuti kusatendeseka zvikurukuru ndekwezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti kwapamutemo. Mashoko anopa Congress simba pasina kududza mitemo youfakazi kana kuti kuhwirudzura. Framers, zvikurukuru Hamilton naJames Madison, yakarondedzera kurondwa mumashoko ezvematongerwe enyika, inorondedzera kuti kusatendeseka kwokupedzisira kwe “kuzvibata kwavanhu voruzhinji” kusingagoni kunyorwa nemuitiro wetsikawo zvawo. [[FL:0] Fiderastrist No., Hamilton akanyora kuti kusatesarudzo ndeyo“ yorudzi runganzi runonzikanwa rusina kufanira kunzi POLIT,” nemhaka yokuti rune chokuita “kubatwa zvisina kufanira kana kuputswa kworumwe ruvimbiko.”

Yet the process is also quasi-judicial: the Senate sits as a court with an oath or affirmation, witnesses may testify, and the Chief Justice presides over presidential trials. This hybrid character generates constant tension. For instance, some senators have insisted that they must apply criminal law standards, while others have argued they are free to make political judgments about whether a president’s conduct warrants removal. This tension played out dramatically during the Trump trials, where the House managers presented extensive documentary evidence, and the president’s lawyers argued that the proceedings were an unconstitutional attempt to overturn an election.

Nyanzvi dzakafanana ne .Gerhardt dzakataura kuti vaFrames vanobatanidza namaune revo repamutemo nerezvamatongerwe enyika nemhaka yokuti kuteerera kunoda zvose zviri zviviri kutsunga kwechokwadi [ uye kunokosha rutongeso pamusoro pefariro yavose. Kuedza kumanikidza kupinda muforoma yapamutemo, iye anodzivisa, kufuratira nzwisiso yaFrames iyo kubviswa pahofisi mushonga wakasiana uye wechienzi. Nenzira yakafanana, [[FLT:] Borgokings Istions dzakabudisa maspotodhi inosimbisa mwero wezvamatongerwe enyika, zvikurukuru basa ravose.

Kuronga Zvakanaka uye Kuitirana Nharo

Chimwe chikamu chezvibvumikiso zvebumbiro remitemo chinonangidzira ngwariro pamuitiro wakafanira. Kunyange zvazvo kushora kusati kuri utsotsi kupfuurira, basa reGavhura reFindro yeChibvumirano cheshanu rinonzi Acception’s Proces Claus richiri kushanda kuDare mune chimwe chimiro. Mapurezidhendi anotarisana nokusarumbidzwa akarangarira kuti ane maruramiro okucherekedza, banza rokupa uchapupu, zvapupu zvinoyambuka, uye kuva nedare rinotonga zvakanaka. Basa reDare sevose vari vaviri vatongi uye vatongi rinomutsa itiro yefungidziro pamusoro pefungidziro, zvikurukuru apo vatenzi vedare vakatotaura pachena murangariro pamusoro pokuva nemhaka kana kuti kusava nemhaka.

Mubvunzo wokuti Dare rinogona kuva nzvimbo yokutonga yakarurama wakakurukurwa chifo chokuvambwa. Alexander Hamilton mu Fiderast N. 66 yakabvuma ngozi yeidi, asi yairamba kuti zvinodikanwa zvezvikamu zviviri zvamatatu zvaizodzivirira pa “mudzimu weidi.” Kunyange zvakadaro, vatsoropodzi vazvino uno vanoomerera kuti muitiro wokusabvumirana wava wokuva mukuru zvikuru, vachideredza kariro yevaFrames kuti varangarire kuti varangari vaizo“ batira boka ravo mumiedzo. MuClinton neTrum, mavhotera ari pedyo nepote muzvose zviri zviviri zveSango.

Dzimwe nyanzvi dzakakarakadza kuti matare anofanira kupinda kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti dare rinofanira kuva neruramisiro duku mukuedza. Zvisinei, 1993 NCOUTY chisarudzo nedzidziso yenhau yezvamatongerwe enyika zvinoita kuti kupindira kwakadaro kwokutonga kuve kusingabviri. Somuuyo, Bumbiro reMitemo rinosiya Dare somuiti worusaruraganda rwaro rumene (a) chirongwa chinoisa chivimbo chikuru mupfungwa yomutoro womuviri.

Simba Rinoshanda Mugadziriro Yemakeki Nedzikamo

Vagadziri vakaisa muchiono kusatendeseka senzvero huru pasimba ravakuru vakuru, asi vakatyawo kushandiswa kwaro zvisina kufanira neDare. James Madison akanetseka kuti kubviswa kuri nyore zvikuru kwapurezidhendi kwaigona “kuita kuti mukuru ave muduku zvikuru kudare,” kuchikangaidza kuparadzana kwamasimba. Chinodikanwa chikurusa chepriviso chakanga chakaitirwa kuita kuti kubviswa kuve kwakaoma asi kwete kusingabviri.

Iyi dzikamo ireshiyo kunharo dzazvino uno pamusoro pe “kushatisa pamutemo”. Vatsoropodzi veTrump anonzvera vakataura kuti Imba yakanga ichishandisa muitiro wacho kudenha mushori wezvamatongerwe enyika, uko kwaizogadza muenzaniso une ngozi nokuda kwapurezidhendi womunguva yemberi. Tsitsi dzakataura kuti kukundikana kupinza mutezo wapurezidhendi uyo aishandisa zvisina kufanira simba rebumbiro remitemo zvomenemene kwaizonetesa dzikamo yebumbiro remitemo, sezvakwaizoratidzira kuti purezidhendi angagona kuputsa mutemo nokusarangwa. Constitution Constitution’sment yeIntective Center inogovera kupetwa kupfupikisa kunoshanda kweidzo idzi dudziro dzinokwidza.

Imwe nzvero inobatanidza bviro yokuti Congress ishandise zvisina kufanira simba rayo: kana Dare rikapa mutongo purezidhendi pamuganhu muduku wamativi matatu maviri, kubviswa kungarangarirwa sekwapasati pari kwapamutemo. Nenzira yakapesana, kana Dare rikasunungura purezidhendi pasinei zvapo noufakazi hwakajeka hwomufambiro wakashata wakakomba, simba risingatendiswi. Rutivi rumwe norumwe rwechibvumikiso chebumbiro remitemo runotaura kuva runodzivirira kushanda kwakafanira kwetsika.

Mibvunzo Isina Kupindurwa uye Kutaura Kwomunguva Yemberi kweBumbiro reMitemo

Mibvunzo yakasiana - siana yebumbiro remitemo inoramba isina kupindurwa. Ko purezidhendi anogona kupiwa mhaka nokuda kwomufambiro wakaitika asati atora basa here purezidhendi akagara mudare anenge achiri muhofisi? Hofisi yeSangano reMakurukota yakatoita nharo kare kuti purezidhendi akagara haadzivirirwi mudare, asi murangariro iwoyo unogona kuvandudzwa. Kana purezidhendi akapomerwa mhaka noutsotsi, ukama pakati pekupara mhaka nokusabvumirana hungava nzvimbo huru yebumbiro remitemo.

Kukumbirwa kwapurezidhendi nokuda kwekanganwiro, mufambiro wetsika dzokunze, kana kuti kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba reveto kwakakurukurwawo asi hakuna kutongoedzwa. Vamwe vanotaura kuti uchenjeri hukuru hwakapiwa purezidhendi pasi peChikamu II hunoganhurira mwero womufambiro usingatengwi munharaunda idzodzo. Vamwe vanotaura kuti kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kupi nokupi kwesimba rebumbiro remitemo (hwupi nohupi) kunyange mukati mesimba renyika yokumwe (jena) hakungadzorwi kana kukasha nyika. Idzi kurukurirano sezvingabvira dzichawedzera kana mapurezidhendi enguva yemberi akaedza miganhu yechiremera chapamusoro munzira dzinonyandura Dare rehurumende.

Basa reDare Gurusa rinorambawo riri mubvunzo wakajeka. Kunyange zvazvo NICON v. United States inokarakadza kuti matare haasati achizohwirudzura miitiro yeDare, Dare harina kutongotonga nenzira yakananga rerevo ye “Utsotsi Hukuru neMisdemeor". Kana kuti mupimo wezvibvumikiso. Mhaka inobatanidza purezidhendi akapikiswa uye akabviswa inoda kudenha pamutemo wemuitiro wacho inogona kumuka, kunyange zvazvo dzidziso yenhau yezvamatongerwe enyika ichiita kuti hwirudzuro yomutemo isanzwisisika.

Pakupedzisira, simba remafungiro evanhu uye kuvhota hakugoni kufuratirwa. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinotaura kuti kusabvumirana pakupedzisira muitiro wezvamatongerwe enyika unofanira kutongwa navavhoti, kwete matare. Vanonongedzera kuidi rokuti purezidhendi vakatevedzerwa asi vasina kubviswa (Johnson, Clinton, Trump) vose vakaramba vari munzvimbo uye migumisiro yezvamatongerwe enyika yakasiyana - siyana.

mhedziso

Zvibvumikiso zvebumbiro remitemo zvakapoteredza kusatendeseka kwamapurezidhendi eU.S. zvinoratidza mibvunzo yakadzama neinogarisa pamusoro porudzi rwokuzvidavirira kwomukuru mukuru, revo yorugwaro rweBumbiro reMitemo, uye mabasa akafanira emapazu emitemo neatongi. Kuoma kwe “Utsotsi neMisdemers” kunosiya nzvimbo nokuda kwezvose zviri zviviri kudzvinyirirwa uye kurangarira kwenheyo. VaFramers vakagadzira namaune mupimo unochinjika, vachivimba kuti zvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi zvaizozvishandisa nouchenjeri nokuzvidzora.

Kuvambira paAndrew Johnson kusvikira kuDonald Trump, kufunda kumwe nokumwe kwakaedza miganhu yebumbiro remitemo kutsva, kuchizivisa zvose zviri zviviri simba noutera hweichi chienzi. Chero bedzi mutungamiriri achiramba ari basa rine simba, nharo pamusoro pokuti kurongedzerwa kuchapfuurira kuumba mutemo webumbiro remitemo reAmerica noupenyu hwezvamatongerwe enyika. Kunzwisisa aya magakava emitemo haasati ari mutoowo zvawo wedzidzo yedzidzo yapamutemo. Chinokosha nokuda kwavagari vemo navakuru vakuru vanofanira kudzora kukuva nekuvadziko iri pakati pekuzvidavirira nedzikamo zviri mumwoyo wegadziriro yavaFramers.