Kupota nyika yose, kubatana kwokuchinja kwemamiriro okunze uye kushayikwa kwemvura kuri kukanganisa madzorerwe anoitwa nyika dzinochengetedza zvinhu zvavo zvinokosha. Gadziriro yokunze yakatanga sechinhu chikuru chokufambisa nokushandisa mashandiro emvura mumichina yokushandisa mvura. Sezvo kudziya kwemvura inopisa kukachinja magasi emvura, kuita kuti mvura irambe ichinaya, uye kuwedzera kusanaya kwemvura, hurumende dziri kumanikidzwa kugadzira mapurani okuchengetedza zvinhu anochengetedza mvura inochengeteka. Kubatana kwecarbon vino inobudisa mvura, kushandiswa kwenyika, uye kutenderera kwemvura kunoreva kuti tembiringa yokushanda kwemvura kusingachinjiki. Nyaya iyi inoongorora kubatana kukuru kwemamiriro okunze emvura panzvimbo dzinoshandiswa, zvinetso zvinopfuurira, uye mikana yokubuda nokuda kwemvura.

Zvinoitwa Nezvokudzora Kunze Mumvura

Mitemo yezvomugariro wokunze inogadza pamutemo neyamasangano okuisa tsvina nokuda kwokudzora mvura mumigariro yokusawirirana kwakawedzerwa. Pamwero wamarudzi ose, zvibvumirano zvakadai seParis Augnement ne Sustainable Development Zororo 6 (zvikurukurukuru SDG 6 pamvura yakachena nenzvimbo) zvinosunda zviratidziro zvemipimo yemamiriro okunze kupinda mugadziriro dzemvura yenyika. [[FLT: 0] Mvura yeUN [FL] [FLT]] jinga] inosimbisa kuti kuchinjika kwemamiriro okunze kunofanira kuva mvura nechengeri, sezvo mvura iri mamiriro okunze echienzi okunze ayo anonzwika kupfurikidza nawo. Kufora kwemvura inodzorwa.

Mvura inoshanda zvakanaka inodzora mamiriro okunze inodawo kubatana kwemamiriro okunze. Mvura haigoni kudzorwa nokuparadzaniswa kwemitemo yematunhu. Somuenzaniso, mvura haidzorerwi nenzvimbo dzinoshandiswa pakurima, simba, kuronga maguta, uye kuchengeteka kwemhoteredzo. Porogiramu dzinopa simba rokubatanidza kuiswa kwemvura muboka remvura (IWRM) dzinobatsira kuronga kuti mvura iwirirane, ichizoisa kurongwa kwemamiriro okunze enzvimbo dzepasi.

Nzvimbo Dzinonyanya Kukanganiswa Nemamiriro Okunze

Nzvimbo dzinotevera dzinomirira zvinhu zvinokosha zvikuru zvokupindira, uko kudzora nokuchengetedza mari kunogona kuita kuti pave nokuchengeteka kwemvura kunotoda kugadziriswa.

Kuchengetedza Mvura Nokutarisira Kunodiwa

Politiki inonangidzirwa kuderedza kudikanwa kwemvura iri pakati pemipimo inoparira mutengo zvikurusa yokuchinja mugariro wokunze. Mukurima .Ndokuva 70% yokubvisa mvura yakachena kwepasi pose (kudzorwa kwemipimo kungaraira kudiridza mvura, unyoro hwevhu, uye mhizha dzemvura dzinoshandiswa namvura. Zvirongwa zvokuchengetedza mvura muUganda zvinowanzobatanidza kuisa mipimo inoshanda zvakanaka yakatevedzana, mitengo yemitengo yemitengo, uye mapombi echimbirwo epombi adzo apamutemo anosimudzirawo kuchinja mashandisiro etsika kupfurikidza nokuzivisa vanhu vose uye ganhuriro dzezviito zvisina basa. Somuenzaniso, .S.

Kudzidza Kuchengetedza uye Kuisa Mari Mumba

Gadziriro yemamiriro okunze inobatanidza kuvandudza mapaipi okuchembera kuti aderedze kudzura, kuvaka zvigadzirwa zvinobvisa mvura yemhepo zvinoshanda nesimba rinomutsidzirwa. Hurumende dziri kuwedzera kubatanidza mari dzinoshandiswa pakuongorora mamiriro okunze. Somuenzaniso, U.S. Kugadzirwa kwemari inochengeterwa mvura neMapaipi yeMasai eMitemo inochengetedza mvura inopa mabhiriyoni ezvirongwa zvemvura izvo zvinonyatsonanga kugadziridza kugadziridza mamiriro okunze.

Kudzora Kushatisa Kunochinja

Chinjo yemamiriro okunze inoparira kushatiswa kwemvura nokuwedzera kupfuvura nemvura huru, zvinonatsa zvinonangidzira ngwariro mukati mokusanaya kwemvura, uye kuchinja kugadzirwa kwemakemikoro enyanza nenzizi. Mitemo yemamiriro okunze inoganhurirwa kuganhurana kwemiganhu yenzvimbo dzinoshatisa zvinhu zvinoshatisa maindasiti nezvokurima, nepo ichisimudzirawo zvigadzikiso zvechisiko zvakafanana nenzvimbo dzinovakwa nokuda kwokubviswa kwezvokudya. njodzi dzeEurope yeNyamuro yemvura dzinogadziriswa, somuenzaniso, dzakagadzirirwa kutsanangura kuti kuve nokushatikana kukuru kwemvura kunodzivirira kushatiswa kwemvura mumvura mumvura. Nhengetevedzo dzemvura dzinodzivisa kushatamira kushata kwemvura munguva dzenhamo yezuva nezuva (TMCS) nokuda kwezvishatiso zvinoparira kuchinja mumugariro wemhepo.

Kudzivirirwa Kwezvinhu Zvepasi Nokudzorerwa Kwemvura

Zvemhoteredzo dzezvinhu zvipenyu nemhoteredzo yazvo (PES), mashawi, mazaya emvura, kushanda segadziriro dzemvura yomusikirwo, kudzora, kubvisa zvinoshatisa, uye kusimbisa mvura yapasi. Mitemo yenzvimbo yokunze inowedzera kuvandudza kuchengeteka nokudzorerwa kwegadziriro idzi. Kubhadharwa kwemibato yezvinhu zvipenyu nemhoteredzo yazvo (PES), mapurogiramu anozivikanwa muCosta Rica neChina, anotsiva varimi nokuda kwokuchengeta masango anofukidza mvura. MuUnited States, Lispect Program Provitection yemvura inobetsera miitiro inodzivirira mvura inodzivirira nyika inodzivirira miuyo inoparirwa nemhepo inobva mumhepo inopisa netsvina. Mamitengo ezvemari munyika yose, kufanana neGeneccureast, magadzirirwo enzvimbo dzinowanika panguva imwe chete.

Kuchera Mvura Nezvinhu Zvemari

Gadziriro yemamiriro okunze inowanzotanga zvishandiso zvezvemari kuti zviwirirane nokuwanika kwemvura. Kugadzirwa kwemvura kwakazara kunoratidzira mutengo wechokwadi wokurapa, kubereka, uye mhoteredzo, kuchikwidziridza kuchengetedza nokugonesa kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakasimba. Zviteshi izvo zvakakurudzira kare kushandiswa kwemvura inopambadza mvura. Zvakadai sezvokushandisa mvura inopfuudzwa namafashamo. Zvirongwa izvi zvinobatanidza kutsigirwa kwezvoruzivo rwamabasa rwakaisvonaka. Misika yemvura, inoshanda muMurrow-Darling Basin namativi emadokero eUnited States, inopa kodzero dzemvura shambadza nomutoo wokuzvishatisa, zvichibvumira vashandisi vezvokutengeserana mukati mamiriro ezvinhu emisikachato, apo zvikabatanidzwa nokutarisirazve, zvinoita zviko zvemari kuti ishandise mvura pazvinowanika zvakakwirira, zvose zviri zviviri zvemari.

Matambudziko Nemikana Yokushandisa

Kushandura muitiro wemamiriro okunze kuti ushandiswe zvakanaka kune mhinganidzo dzakawanda, bva denho imwe neimwe inopawo mukana wokuvandudza nokuchinja.

Mitemo Yemari Nemikaha Yemari

Kuwedzera zvivako zvemvura kunzvimbo dzemamiriro okunze kunoda mipimo mikuru. World Bank inofungidzira kuti mutengo wemamiriro okunze munzvimbo dzemvura uchapfuura mabhiriyoni $500 gore negore panosvika 2050. Nyika zhinji dzichiri kusimukira hadzina kukwanisa kubhadhara mari inodhura, nepo kunyange nyika dzakapfuma dzinorwisana nokudzivisa kwezvamatongerwe enyika kuwedzera. Chiitiko chinova mumienzaniso yemari, zvisungo zvegirini, uye upfumi hwemitengo hunoderedzawo ndyiko dzinotengwa nezvinotengwa zvinodzorwa nokuvandudza mutengo wemari, kuita kuti ive inovadziko inopfupika zvikuru.

Kuramba Zvematongerwe Enyika Nokuparadzaniswa Kwemitemo

Kudzora mvura kunowanzobatanidza masangano akawanda ane zvibvumirano zvinopesana kana kuti zvinopesana. Mitemo yemamiriro okunze inogona kukanganiswa nenhambo pfupi dzezvamatongerwe enyika, kupesvedzera kubva kumaindasitiri emvura, uye kusada kuisa ganhuriro dzisingafarirwi. Kukurira ikoku kunoda matare akasimba epamutemo uye mibatanidzwa inozviisa pasi. Kubudirira kweWater Act yeAustralia, iyo yakagadzira musika wemvura wenyika yose ndokupa simba muMurray - Darling Basin Authority, kunoratidza kuti kuchinja kwakakwana kunobvira apo kutyisidzira kwezvamatongerwe enyika kunotangira kuoma kwemvura. Kubatanidza kwenzanga uye mashoko akajeka kunotodza kuvaka tsigiro yavose nokuda kwegadziridzo dzomutemo dzakaoma.

Misiyano Yemashoko Nokusava Nechokwadi

Michina yemamiriro okunze inoita kuti pave nemhatsa yezvingangoitika, zvichiita kuti zviome kugadzira mitemo inoshanda muzviitiko zvose. Nhaka dzakawanda hadzina masangano anoona anodiwa kuti pave nemvura yapasi, kudirana kwemvura, uye kunaka kwenguva chaiyo. Policies inofanira kuva inochinja zvinhu zvinokonzera kuongorora uye kugadziridza mamiriro ezvinhu. Kukwiza mumichina yemvura inonaya mvura nemutehwe wedanho imukana wakakwirira. Somuenzaniso, Copernicum Climate Change Service yeEuropean inogovera pachena, kukwiza kwakakwirira kunobva murwizi kugadziridza mamiriro ezvinhu.

Kururamisira Kwenzanga

Mitemo yemamiriro okunze inogona kuremedza vanhu vanosvika pasi pasina kuronga. Mitengo yemvura yakakwirira, nepo ichishanda zvakanaka, ingatungamirira kunjodzi. Kugadzirwa kwemari kunowanzoisa nzvimbo dzakapfuma, dzinosiya dzimwe dzisina kudzivirirwa. Kutaura izvi, mitemo inofanira kubatanidza mwero yezvinoraramisa upenyu, wirirano dzenzanga, uye wirirano dzezvibvumirano. Ruramo rwemunhu rwokuita mvura, runozivikanwa neUnited Nations, runofanira kuiswa muzvirongwa zvokuchinja mamiriro okunze. Zvirongwa zvakadai semabhangi emvura anofambiswa neasingachinjiki nzanga zvinofanira kuratidza kuti marumbidziko emvura anokwanisa kubatana uye kufambira mberi kwemiteve.

Kushandira Pamwe Munyika Yose Nemvura Inoyerera

Mahombekombe anopfuura 260 erwizi anoyambuka miganhu yenyika, uye kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kunowedzera kuoma kugadziriro dzemvura dzakatooma. Mitemo yemamiriro okunze inokurudzira kushandira pamwe semasero anenge aripo nechekushandira pamwe chete, uye kugadziridza kugadziridza kunenge kunobatsira, uye kupesana kwekuderedza kurwisana. Somuenzaniso, Mekong River Commission inoshandisa mamichina emamiriro okunze kufambisa madhamu munyika ina. UNECE Water Convention inopa chivako chepamutemo chokuchinja mamiriro okunze anenge akapoteredza. Kusimbisa masangano aya ibanza anokosha nokuda kwekuchengeteka kwemvura munyika yose.

Fundo Dzezvinoitika Mumutemo Wemvura Womugariro Wekunze

California: Kutungamirira Kusina Kunaya Kwemvura

Chinoitika cheCalifornia nenhamo yegore rakawanda chakakuita rabhorotari yemiitiro yemvura inofambiswa nemamiriro okunze. Sistativable Grouter Management Act yehurumende inoda masangano omunzvimbomo kuti awane tsigiro inochengetedza mvura yapasi pa 2040, inogumisa makumi amakore okunyanyopfupfura. Mitemo yenzvimbo yenzvimbo inosimudzira kuiswa kwemvura mumichina inonaya mvura, kutakura mvura yemadutu, uye kubvisa simba rayo kupfurikidza nesimba rezuva. 20222 yeCalifornia Water Resince Portolio inoronga zvirongwa zvokugadzirira nokuda kwezvinofungidzirwa kuva ne 10% yezvipo zvemvura zvokunze panosvika 2070. Kunyange zvazvo denho dzichisara munzvimbo dzokurima dzinenge dziripo nekodzero dzemvura dzakadzika zvikuru.

Murray - Dating Basin Plan yeAustralia

Pashure peMillennium Drought, Australia yakaita imwe yemiitiro yokuchinja mamiriro okunze kwakafara zvikurusa enyika nokuda kwemvura. Murray-Darling Basin Plan copss, inoisa shambidziko dzemhoteredzo, uye inotanga musika wemvura. Muitiro unoparira zvakajeka chinjo yemamiriro okunze kupfurikidza nokuderedza ganhuriro dzokuderera. Kunzvera kwechirongwa chenyika nenzvero dzenguva dzose zvinovimbisa kuti rongedzero yacho irambe ichichinjika. Nepo hondo dzezvamatongerwe enyika pamusoro pezvitsamawe zvemvura zvinopfuurira, mhoteredzo yenzvimbo inosimupidhingi yakaratidza zviratidzo zvokunayamutsiridza, uye vanoshandisa mvura vakachinja kupfurikidza nokubudirira.

Singapore: Kuvhara Pombi yacho Nokushandisa Mitemo

Singapore, pasinei zvapo nokushaiwa manyuko emvura yomusikirwo, yakawana kuchengeteka kwemvura kupfurikidza negadziriro yemamiriro okunze echiono. National Water Agency, PUB, inoshandisa gadziriro ye “pombi dzenyika dzose”: kubatwa kwenzvimbo, mvura inotengwa, kubviswa, mvura inoshambadzwa, uye kubviswa. Kurongwa kwenzvimbo yenzvimbo yenzvimbo kunodzora kuchengetedzwa kwemvura kupfurikidza nokugadzira nokuisa nokuisa nokufambisa nokunaya kwemvura. SWAter, yakagadzira zvino kupfurikidza ne 40% yezvinodikanwa zvenyika. Kusvika kweSingapore kunoratidza kuti muitiro wokuchengetedza mvura unogona kuita kuti ive yokugadzirwa kunyange mumhoteredzo yemvura ivengika, kuderedza kushatsa kwemvura kugadzirwa kwemvura.

Netherlands: Kugara nemvura

VaDutch vane mamiriro okunze akavhengana kwenguva refu akachinja magariro emvura. Delta Programme, yakagadziridzwa makore matanhatu ari ose nesayenzi yemamiriro okunze azvino uno, inodzora dziviriro yemafashamo, mugove wemvura yakachena, uye kurongedzerwa kwemvura. Policies inoda kuti kuvakwa kutsva kuve kwakasimba kusingakuvadziki naro kushandiswe kwemvura. Panosvika 2050. Mari yepurogiramu inochengetwa neDeltal Fund yakatsaurirwa, ichivimbisa kuti nguva refu ive nechengete pasinei zvapo nezvirongwa zvematongerwe enyika. Muenzaniso weNetherlands unoratidza kukosha kwokudzikamisa kwesangano, sayenzi inosimba, uye kutenga mumugariro wokutarisira mvura.

Nguva Yemberi Yemitemo Yemamiriro Okunze Nemvura

Kuwedzera kwemiitiro yemamiriro okunze kuchawedzerazve kudzorwa kwemvura inoiswa mudenga. Chokutanga, nexawa yemvura yecarbon nexus iri kuwana ngwariro: miitiro inosimudzira kushanda zvakanaka kwemvura inoderedzawo kushandiswa kwesimba remvura, ichiita miuyo pakati pemiuyo yemamiriro okunze nokuchinja. Yechipiri, zvigadzikiso zvechisiko zvichasimbisa ukoshi hwekugadziridzwa kwenzvimbo dzemhoteredzo yepasi nokuda kwezvose zviri zviviri denga nedenga regirini. IPCC]

Chechina, pfungwa ye “mari yemvura” iri kuwedzera kuwanda kwemitengo yomunzvimbomo nenharaunda. Iyi mitemo inogadza ganhuriro dzinosungirwa pamutemo pakubuda kwemvura yose munzvimbo dzakabviswa mvura, kugadziridza kwakavakirwa pamamiriro okunze enzvimbo. Iyi nzira, yakatoshandiswa mumativi eNew Zealand neUnited States yokumadokero, iri kumanikidza vanoshandisa kuronga nokuda kwokushaya. Pakupedzisira, mirau yemamiriro okunze iri kuwedzera kubatanidza kodzero dzemvura kuchengetedza: inoda kuishandisa kana kuti kurasikirwa nayo. Mitemo iri kugadziridzwa kubvumira varimi kubuda mumvura muhova vasingarasikirwi, nokudaro vachitsigira nzanga yavo panguva yokusanaya mvura.

mhedziso

Gadziriro yemamiriro okunze haisati iri bedzi mutambi anotsigira mukutarisirwa kwemvura. Kupfurikidza nokugadza mipimo yokuchengetedza, kudzora zvivako zvisingachinjiki, kudzora kushatiswa muhurumende dzinochinja, kudzivirira zviteshi zvomusikirwo, uye kushandisa midziyo yezvemari, hurumende dzinogona kutungamirira mvura kuti dzitsigirwe. Zvinetso zvemari, kukwezvwa kwemasangano ezvosero enyika, madata, uye kufambiswa kwemitengo ndezveni, asi hazvina kuoma. Zvidzidzo zvinobva California, Australia, Singapore, neNetherlands zvinobvumikisa kuti muitiro unochinjika unogona kubereka miuyo inonzwika. Sezvinjo yemamiriro okunze enzvimbo nemamiriro okunze enzvimbo ane mabhiriyoni. Kuchinja kunoramba, kufambirana kubatana, uye kuzvipira kupfuurira kuchengetedza zvinhu zvichava zvinokosha nokuda kwezvipfumende zvenguva yemberi.