Kusvika kwakaenzana kururamisiro ichinhu chikuru chenheyo yomutemo nechinodikanwa chenzanga inoruramisira nedemocracy. Inovimbisa kuti munhu ari wose, pasinei zvapo nemari inotambirwa, rudzi, kana kuti mugariro, anogona kutsvaka dziviriro pakuvadziko, kumanikidzira maruramiro ake, uye kuita kuti vaiti vezvakaipa vapi navapi vazvidavirire. Mumashoko akapoteredza ekodzero dzechizvarwa, kusvika kururamisiro hakusati kwakaenzana hakungoviwo zvako kwechishuvo chechinhu chakajeka. Chinoumba nzira inodzivirira nayo pamutemo pakusarurana uye kusaenzana. Pasina ivimbiso dzetsika dzinova dzemitemo. Nyaya ino inoongorora chikonzero nei kusvika kururamisiro yakaenzana kuchinetsa nokuda kwokutsigira kodzero dzavagari vemo, kuongorora mhesano dzinodzivisa, uye kuumba ufakazi hunoumba gadziriro yemitemo yepamutemo yose inosvika kuvaka.

Hwaro Hwekodzero Dzevagari Vomunyika

Kodzero dzavagari vemo ivimbiso dzapamutemo dzinodzivirira vanhu pakusarurana uye dzinovimbisa kuva negoverano yakaenzana munzanga. Dzinobatanidza maruramiro okuvhota, maruramiro edzimba dzakarurama, maruramiro okuwana basa rakaenzana, maruramiro okupinda nzvimbo dzavose, uye maruramiro okusununguka pamasimba masimba nenetsono zvakavakirwa pamavara akadzivirirwa akadai sorudzi, ruvara, rudzidziso, mavambo enyika, urema, uye zera. Kodzero idzi dzinobatanidzwa mumutemo wetsika wakadai seChibvumirano cheChiviliv Rights cha1965, Vong Rights Act of Fair Holes Act, uye vaAmerica neChirevoidzo cheKuoma, uyewo mukuita kwemitemo sechibvumirano 14 yokudzivirira Claus Claus.

Sangano razvino uno rekodzero dzavagari vemo, iro rakasvika pakakwirira raro muma1950 nama1960, rakanga riri rwisano huru nokuda kwokuzivikanwa kwapamutemo nokuchengetwa kwaaya maruramiro. Vashandi vakafanana naMartin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, uye vamwe vasingaverengeki vakaisa upenyu hwavo mungozi kudenha maruramiro avagari vemo, kubvisa maruramiro, uye kupedza masimba ehurumende. Rukundo rwavakakunda (hwuri rwapamutemo) rwakanga ruchidikanwa, asi rwakanga rwusingatongogumisi. Kurwira maruramiro avagari vemo avagari vemo kunoenderera mberi nemhaka yokuti mutemo wogaro hauvimbisi ruramisiro. Mutemo unofanira kuva unosvikirirwa, unomanikirirwa, uye unoshandiswa pasina tsvoka. Kuwana kwamasimba eruramisiro ndiwo murangori pakati pekodzero dzapamutemo papepa napanorarama.

Basa Regadziriro Yepamutemo Mukunyoresa Kodzero Dzevagari Vemo

Gadziriro yapamutemo inoshanda senzvimbo huru yokusimbisa kodzero dzavagari vemo. Matare anodudzira mitemo, makakatanwa echibvumirano, uye anopa mishonga apo kodzero dzinoputswa. Pasina gadziriro yapamutemo inoshanda, kodzero dzinongoda hadzo. Zvisinei, tsika dzapamutemo dzinoshanda bedzi apo dzinowanika. Vanhu vanosarurana mudzimba, kubasa, dzidzo, kana kuti mapurisa vanofanira kukwanisa kudzora zvichemo zvakaoma zvebumbiro remitemo, ufakazi hwakawanda, uye kupa mhaka dzavo. Ikoku kunowanzoda zano repamutemo, zivo yemitemo yeprocedational, uye mipiro yemari kuti itsigire kupfuudzira.

Mabasa makuru emitemo mukuchengetwa kwekodzero dzevanhu anosanganisira aya:

  • Kuzivisa vanyajambwa nokuda kwezvikanganiso: vanogona kukwirira nokuda kwekuvadziko, mirairo, kana kuti chinjo dzemiitiro.
  • Kuisa nokufutunuka dziviriro: Dare rinosimbisa ukuru hwemitemo yekodzero dzavagari vemo kupfurikidza nomuenzaniso.
  • Kuisa vatambi vehurumende navemunhu oga kunozvidavirira: masangano eHurumende namasangano zvinogona kugombedzerwa kuchinja miitiro yokusarura.
  • Kubvira kwemigumisiro yepamutemo kunoodza mwoyo kuputswa kwomunguva yemberi.

Apo zvikamu zvikuru zvechiverengero chavagari vemo zvisingagoni kubhadhara gweta, hazvigoni kutaura mutauro wedare, kana kuti kugara munharaunda dzine zviwanikwa zvapamutemo zvishomanene, gadziriro inorega kubatira donzo rayo rakarongwa.

Zvipingamupinyi Zvokuti Vanhu Vakwanise Kururamisirwa

Pasinei nokuti vanhu vakawanda vokuAmerica vanokwanisa kuwana zvinhu zvakafanana, mhinganidzo dzakawanda dzinoita kuti mamiriyoni evanhu vasawana ruramisiro.

Zvinetso Zvemari

Ndyiko yemimiririri yapamutemo ndeimwe yemhinganidzo hurusa. Mukuwirirana ne Dare reMipiona reRegional [[FT:1], mari yakaderera yeMamerika inowana betsero yakaderera kana kuti isina pamutemo nokuda kwa 92% yezvinetso zvavo zvapamutemo. Mwero yeawa yegweta remunhu oga inogona kuvambira pa $200 kusvika ku $700 kana kuti kupfuura, kuita kuti kunyange mhaka yakapfava isashandiswe nokuda kwavazhinji. Mitengo yedare, mari yezvapupu zvapupu zvapupu, uye zvimwe ndyiro zvepamutemo zvinowedzera mutoro. Nokuda kwemimwe mibhadharo inogara kuti icheke, kubhadharwa kwegweta kazhinji kazhinji kunobva pamubvunzo, kuiraira kurasa kutaura kwavo kana kuti kufamba kwoga gadziriro yavo bedzi (program).

Kushaikwa Kwemifananidzo Yapamutemo

Proficial seligitations, kana kuti mapati anosimudzirwa, anotarisana nedenho huru. Gadziriro yemitemo inogadzirirwa nyanzvi dzakarovedzwa. Pasina zano repamutemo, vanhu vangapotsa kurovha nguva, vangakundikana kupa ufakazi nenzira yakafanira, kana kuti kusanzwisisana. Nzvero dzinoratidza kuti masangano anoratidzira mikana mikuru zvikuru yokukurira muzvinoitika zvinobatanidza kubviswa kwedzimba, mutemo wemhuri, uye chikwereti chevatengi. Muzvinoitika zvekodzero dzavagari vemo, umo mutemo unogona kujekeswa uye kuisa idi reidi, njodzi yacho inotova inotojeka. American Association Bar]

Zvipingamupinyi Zvenzvimbo

Mibato yapamutemo yakazadzwa zvikuru munharaunda dzomumaguta. Nzanga dzomumaruwa nedzogaro kazhinji kazhinji dzine magweta mashoma, zvikurukuru ayo anonyanyova nekodzero dzavagari vemo kana kuti mutemo wourombo. Masangano emitemo, ayo anogovera mabasa apachena kana kuti akaderera, anopfuudzwa uye haagoni kufukidza nharaunda dzose. Dare reU.U.S. reSabata reChirevo reMariji [FLT: 0]] Acces kuMutongi Wechiito [[] rakasimbisa “marenje edzimba” umo vagari vemo vanofanira kufamba maawa kuti vasvike imba yedare kana kuti hofisi yeyamuro yapamutemo. Iyi nzvimbo yokuzvikamu zvenyika inotapura zvikuru migariro yeInda yenyika yeImeric American, Appalgate, uye mativi enyika okumaruwa.

Zvipingamupinyi Zvemutauro Netsika

Chinenge 8% chechiverengero chavagari vemo cheUnited States chakaganhurira mitoo yeChirungu (LEP). Mutauro wapamutemo wakaoma zvikuru, wakazara namashoko echiLatin uye miuyo yekare. Nokuda kwavanhu, kunyange zvimiro zvikuru zvinogona kuva zvisinganzwisisiki. Vaturikiri vedare vanowanika mumativi akawanda, asi kushandisa kwavo hakuwirirani, uye kunaka kunosiana. Misiyano yetsika yehurumende yakadai sokusavimba namasangano ehurumende nemhaka yetsarudzo kana kuti rutyo rwemigumisiro yokutama kunodzivisa vanhu kutsvaka betsero yapamutemo. Somuenzaniso, vashanyi vangadzivisa kushuma maruramiro avagari vemo nokuda kwokutya matsive kana kuti kubviswa, zvikurukuru mumugariro wazvino unovapo.

Mabhaisikopo Nerusaruro

Kufungira mano akaipa kwakakwana uye kwakajeka mukati megadziriro yemitemo imene kunoparira mhinganidzo dzokuwedzera. Nzvero dzakaratidza kuti vatongi, vatongi, uye magweta vanogona kuva nerusaruro rwokusaziva rwakavakirwa padzinza, vatano, uye kirasi, zvinotapura miuyo. Somuenzaniso, vapomeri veBlack neHispanic vanotarisana nemitongo ine utsinye kupfuura vacheri vemhosva dzakafanana, uye vachenjeri vemavara emavara havawanzowana maruramiro avagari vemo. Tsika dzemitemo dzinoratidzirawo mumapurogiramu eyamuro apamutemo ayo anoshanda zvikurukuru munzanga shomanene uye mukuongororwa kwemiganhuro yeruvaradzi. Nhaka yemifaro yeruvara, kusarura dzimba, uye kusarura zvikoro zvinopfuurira kuumba avo vane chimiro chepamutemo uye vasingapi.

Zvimwe Zvipingamupinyi

  • Kusvikwa: Dare nezviwanikwa zvapamutemo zvingasasvika zvizere kuvanhu vane urema hwomuviri, hwepfungwa, kana kuti hwepfungwa.
  • Chikamu cheDigital:[[FT:1] Sezvo mabasa epamutemo anofamba paIndaneti, ayo asina kukwanisa kuwana Internet kana kuti makombiyuta okuverenga nokunyora anosara.
  • Kutevedzerwa kwomutemo wekodzero dzevanhu: kutaura kunowanzoda kuratidzira vavariro, mitoo yorusaruro, kana kuti mativi chaiwo emitemo ayo akaomera vasiri vagari vemitemo kubvumikisa.

Migumisiro Yokuwana Munhu Asina Kukwana

Kuputswa kwekodzero dzevanhu kunoitwa pasina kutarisirwa, kusaenzana kunokura, uye kutenda vanhu vose mugadziriro yokururamisira kunopera.

Kubviswa Kwokusaenzana

Pasina mano okushandisa kodzero dzavo, mapoka akaganhurirwa anoramba akavharirwa munhevedzano yorusaruro. Mhuri isingagoni kubhadhara gweta kurwisa kudzingwa kusiri kwapamutemo ingava isina misha; mushandi anotsiviwa nokuda kwokushuma kuba mari angarasikirwa nokurarama kwake; mudzidzi ane urema anonyimwa nzvimbo yokugara angarega chikoro. Kuputswa kumwe nokumwe kusina mhaka kuripo muupfumi, utano, dzidzo, uye dzimba.

Kuderedza Kuvimba Kwavanhu

Dare rinowana maruramiro aro mumurangariro wokuti rakarurama uye rinosvikika. Apo zvikamu zvikuru zvavagari vemo zvisingagoni kushandisa gadziriro yapamutemo kureverera maruramiro avo, kuvimba nehurumende uye utongi zvinogona kuderera. Ikoku kunogona kunyandura kusabvumirana, kusagadzikana kwenzanga, uye kunyange kungwarira. 2020 vanodzivisa pashure pokupondwa kwaGeorge Floyd, somuenzaniso, vakasundwa murutivi nenhau refu yemasimba masimba negadziriro yeruramisiro yairatidzika kuva isingasvikiki kunzanga dzevatema dzinotsvaka kuzvidavirira.

Kuwedzera Kusava Nechokwadi

Vanhu vasina kumira papamutemo vari pangozi yokubatwa zvisina kufanira. Varidzi vedzimba, vashandirwi vanosarura, vanounganidza zvikwereti vanoputsa Fair Decle Collections Practices Act, uye kunyange masangano ehurumende anoramba kubatsira anogona kuita pasina chirango kana vanyajambwa vasina mari yokurwisa nayo. Mitezo isina kudzivirirwa zvikurusa yenzanga ye / /vana, vakwegura, vanhu vane urema, uye vatami vanotakura mutoro unorema zvikuru.

Kuzvidavirira Kwakaganhurirwa uye Kuzvidemba

Mitemo yekodzero dzavagari vemo yakasimba bedzi seyavanofanira kutsinhanisa. Kana vapunzi vachiziva kuti vanyajambwa vavo havabviri kukwirira mhaka kana kuti vanogona kupedza mhaka nokuda kwemari inobhadharwa padhora, ivo vane sundo duku yokuchinja. utsotsi nemhindu zvinoparirwa namasangano ekodzero dzavagari vemo zvinogona kuparira chinjo huru, asi iyi mhaka inodhura uye isingawanzowaniki. Pasina gadziriro yakasimba yokuchengeta mutemo, vatambi vakashata havaitwi vane mhaka, uye rusarurano unoenderera mberi.

Kupinza Kururamisirwa

Kugadzirisa mukaha weruramisiro kunoda nzira yakasiyana - siyana inosanganisira kuwedzera mari, kupa basa idzva, uye kuchinja maitiro.

Kuwedzera Yamuro Yapamutemo Negadziriro dzePro Bono

Masangano eyamuro anopiwa mabasa anokosha kuvanhu vanowana mari shoma, asi anodzorwa zvikuru. Sangano reMasangano eMitemo yeLeagin reSalvrition (LSC) rinogamuchira inenge mamiriyoni $500 pagore kubva kuCongress, kure pasi pezvinodikanwa. Kuwedzera kwehurumende, hurumende, uye mari yomunzvimbomo yeyamuro yepamutemo inofanira kuva chinhu chokutanga. Panguva imwe cheteyo, masangano ebhari namafemu emitemo anogona kuwedzera zvinodikanwa zveprobo nezvinosunda. Mamwe masangano akagamuchira “kodzero yechinyakare kukupa zano, zvikurukuru muzvinoitika zvinobviswa pamutemo (g., New York City, San Francisco, Seattle). Mite iyi inovimbisa mugweta wevaramwa nokuda kwokuwana vapa mari yakaderera vaparidzi vanotarisana nokutarisana nokuderedza kusava nokuvandudza mamiriro ezvinhu.

Dzidzo Yenzanga Nezviwanikwa Zvokuzvibatsira

Kupa simba vanhu kuti vashandise gadziriro yemitemo pachevo inoshanda. Matare namapoka eyamuro emitemo zvinogona kupa masuo apachena, zvinotungamirira paIndaneti, uye zvimiro zvokushandisa mumitauro mizhinji. Zvirongwa zvakafanana ne USA.Gov yapamutemo yeyamuro yepanobhurokwa pachayo yeyamuro yeyamuro yehurumende inobetsera kubvisa nzira dzokushandira nadzo. Zvisinei, kuzvibatsira hakusi mutsivi womufananidzo muzviitiko zvakaoma; inofanira kuva rutivi rwemibato inoenderera mberi.

Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Nokuzvivandudza

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu runogona kuvhara nzvimbo dzinomira nenzvimbo dzemari. Kupesana paIndaneti kugona kutungamirira vashandisi pakugadzirwa kwemibato, kuoneka kwedare, uye kukurukurirana kwepamutemo kweAl (sezviya zvakatangwa ne LSC]C yeCynology Interitive Grants[)) zvinodzivisa kupinda. Mitemo yemitengo yetelefoni inogona kutungamirira vashandisi kupfurikidza nemiitiro yemibato, kuvabatanidza namagweta, uye kugovera rugwaro runogadzirwa nemotokari. Vhidiyo inobvumira vagari vomumaruwa kubvunza magweta pasina kufamba madaro. Zvisinei, tarisiro inofanira kutorwa kuvimbisa kuti ruzivo rwezvokugadzirwa rwunogona kufambisa harungaregirwo pasina kuvhurambira paInter kana kuti ishande.

Kuchinja Kwemitemo

  • Kuiswa kwemiitiro: Nhau zhinji dzavagari vemo dzinogona kubatwa kupfurikidza nezvimiro zviri nyore, mitsara mipfupi yenguva, uye mitemo yakawanda yeshamwari.
  • Madare anorasa mari uye anobhadhara chinja: anogona kubvisa mibhadharo yezvirongwa zvemari yakaderera, uye gadziriro dzokudzinga maruramiro evagari vemo dzinobvumira vatongi vakapararira kuwanazve mari yegweta kubva kuboka rinopikisa, kuchideredza ngozi yemari yokuwana mari.
  • Masangano okusimbisa kuchengetwa kwapamutemo anosimbisa: Zvirongwa zvakafanana neAumelt Opportult Opportunity Commission (EOC) uye Department of Hospital and Urban Development (HUD) anoda mari yakawanda yokunzvera nokuedza kutaura kworusaruro.
  • Kuunganidzwa kwemabhakiti nokujeka: Kuunganidza mashoko pamusoro pemigumisiro, mwero yemireza, uye uwandu hwevagari vemo zvinogona kuziva zvisakiso nezvinoteverwa.

Kutaura Nezvemakemikari

Masangano emitemo anofanira kunangana nemirangariro yawo amene. Rovedzo yakakwana yefungira mano yakaipa nokuda kwavatongi, vashandi vedare, uye kuchengetwa kwomutemo imavambo. Kuzivisa basa repamutemo . kupfurikidza nepurogiramu dzepaipi yemichina, mari, uye kurovha kupfuudzwa (kunokosha nokuda kwokuvaka chivimbo nokuita zvisarudzo). Mitumbi inomirira inoshanda, yakadai semapapu ehwirudzuro ehurumende amapurisa, inogonawo kuwedzera kuzvidavirira. Pakupedzisira, kuziva nokupedza kusaruramisira kwenhau, zvakadai sokupfurikidza nokudzokororwa kana kuti kuchengetera nyika, kunogona kuvamba kuwedzera nzvimbo yokutamba.

mhedziso

Kusvika kwakaenzana kururamisiro hakusati kuri kwoumbozha; iko kunokosha kwebumbiro remitemo nemusengwa wetsika. Pasina iko, zviitwa zvekodzero dzavagari vemo zvezana ramakore rakapfuura zvinoramba zvisina kukwana, uye chipikirwa chokuenzana mutemo usati wava nhoo inowanika bedzi kuvashoma. Mitemo /financial, mitauro, uye urongwa hwemitemo, hunotyisa asi husati huri husingakundiki. Nokushandisa mari yeyamuro yepamutemo, kuvandudza mitemo, uye kusarura, tinogona kuvaka gadziriro yeruramisiro inoshanda zvirokwazvo kuvanhu vose. Kurwira kodzero dzavagari vemo, uye kusvika kwakaenzana kururamisiro kunofanira kuramba kuripo nokuda kwokurwisa ikoko. Munhu ari wose, pasinei hapo kuti ndiani kana kuti anobva kupi, akafanirwa nezuva ravo, rinofanira kuva mudare.