Basa Rokuverengwa Kwevanhu Muutongi Hwehurumende Inosarudzwa Nehurumende

Kubva pakusarudza zvigaro zvinoiswa muCongress kuti zvitungamirire panenge pachivakwa zvipatara zvitsva, kuverenga kunokanganisa upenyu hwevagari vemo vezuva nezuva. Kubudisa kwadzinoita mari inokwana mazana emabhiriyoni emadhora mumari dzinoshandiswa nehurumende, kuronga maruwa emitemo, uye kuronga kuti zvigaro zvakati kuti zvinenge zvaiswa muCongress kunofanira kuvakwa, kunobva pakuverenga vanhu kunokanganisa upenyu hwezuva nezuva hwevagari vemo vose. Kubudisa izvi zvinonetsa, mashoko acho anofanira kuva akarurama, akakwana, uye anoenderana nenguva.

Apo kuverengwa kwavanhu kunenge kuri kwenhambo nenhambo kana kuti kusina kufanira, kurasikirwa nemashoko anovapo. Dzimwe nzanga dzinoverengwa zvishoma, nepo dzimwe dzingapfuudzirwa kuhama dzechiverengero chavagari vemo chechokwadi. Munhambo dzinotevedzana dzokuverenga vanhu, idzi mhosho duku, dzinoshatisa kuvimbika kwetsika dzechiverengero chavagari vemo. Nokuda kwehurumende namasangano zvinotsamira pamashoko enguva refu kuti zvione mafambiro avagari vemo, basa, dzimba, uye utano, kuchengeta kupfuurira kupfuurira kwegore negore kuwanikwa hakusati kuri chinhu chenhando.

Chinoita Kuti Kuverenga Vanhu Kusachinjane Kuve Kunonetsa

Kuvaka Nokuchengeta Chivimbo Chavose

Kuvimba imari yokuita nhamba yevanhu. Vanhu pavanonzwisisa kuti mashoko avo achashandiswa sei, vanodavira kuti achachengetwa sei kuva akavanzika, uye vanoona kuti kuverenga vanhu kune zvakunobatsira chaizvo munzanga yavo, vane mukana mukuru wokupindura. Kuvimbana, zvisinei, hakuna kusimba. Kuputsika kwemashoko, kutadza kubatana kwenzanga, kana kuti nguva yokusataura kunoitwa nezviremera zvokuverenga vanhu kunogona kuparadza makore okuwana mutsa. Kuvimba nevamwe kunoramba kuchioneka, kunooneka, uye kuzvidavirira. Zviitiko zvenguva dzose zvenzanga, zvirongwa zvedzidzo, uye kufambira mberi kunovimbisa pachena kuti kuverengwa kwavanhu kwakavimbika, kusingavimbirwi nesangano.

Kuderedza Kuverenga Muvanhu Vakaoma Kusvika Kuvanhu Vamwe Nevamwe

Kutenderera kwenhamba dzose, zvimwe zviverengero zvezviverengero zviri mungozi huru yokupotsa: vagari vomumaruwa, vakurukuri vemitauro mishoma vedzinza, vana vaduku, varendi, dzimba dzakaderera dzinowana mari, uye vanhu vasina vanhu. Mapoka aya anowanzoda nzira dzinogadziridzwa dzinoitwa kupfurikidza nenhepfenyuro dzenzanga dzinovimbwa. Kana kukurumidza kuitirwa kamwe chete makore gumi oga oga oga, mukana wokuvaka ukama neidziya nzanga unenge waganhurirwa zvikuru.

Kutsigira Kuziva Kwomwoyo

Nyanzvi dzemitemo dzinotsamira pamashoko anowirirana mumiganhu yose yezviverengero kuti dziongorore miitiro. Somuenzaniso, kuongorora kukura kwenzvimbo yeguta, kukwegura kwevagari vomumaruwa, kana kuti kufamba kwevatami kunoda kuenzanisa kuverengwa kwevanhu kwegore negore kana kuti kuongorora kunopfuurira seAmerican Community Survey (ACS). Kana kuwanda kusingachinjiki, mwero yokupindura inosiyana, inotanga kukanganisa. Kuderera kwekutora rutivi mune imwe nzvimbo kunogona kunzwisiswa sezvo kugona kuderera kwevagari vemo kana kuratidzira chaizvoizvo kuparara. Kuongorora kwemarudzi ose kunoita kuti mashoko avimbwe zvikuru nokuda kwokunzvera nokuronga zvinhu.

Matambudziko Okuverenga Vanhu Zvakaitika Kare

Kuti tinzwisise kuti nei zvakaoma chaizvo kuti vanhu vasachinja - chinja, zvinobatsira kuongorora nhoroondo yokuverenga vanhu uye zvipingamupinyi zvinoramba zvichitarisana nemasangano.

Kuderera Kwemamiriro Ezvinhu Ezvamatongerwe Enyika

Masangano etsanga anowanzowanirwa mari parudungwe runowedzera rusingadzorwi. Mumakore apamberi chaipo pekuverengwa kwavanhu kwenguva refu, mabhajeti anokwira kuti atsigire kubhadharwa kwavashandi vechinguvana, kufambiswa kwezvirongwa zvokushambadzira, uye kutanga ID. Mumakore anoda kutevera, mari inogona kuderera zvikuru, zvichitungamirira kukurasikirwa navashandi vagara pamwe, uye kushata kwezvirongwa zvenzanga. Kutenderera uku kunoita kuti zvive zvisingabviri kuchengeta kuvimbisana kwegore. Kana mari ichidzosera, sangano rinofanira kuvakazve ukama hwevakwa, nguva nemari.

Zvipingamupinyi Zvepfungwa Nezvemagariro Enyika

Munyika huru, dzine vanhu vakawanda, dzinosvika mhuri iri yose idenho huru. Nharaunda dzomumaruwa dzingashaiwa internet yakavimbika kana kuti basa repositi, kuraira varongi kuti vafambe madaro akareba. Mumataundi, zvivako zvakakwirira, nzanga dzine masuo, uye vanhu vanongogara vachingoda kusangana. Kugara munzvimbo idzi kunoda muvhenganiswa wemakombiyuta, maposita, uye magadzirirwo ezvirongwa zvemo, pamwe chete nevashandi venguva dzose veminda vanogona kuwirirana nemamiriro ezvinhu anochinja. Masangano akawanda okuverenga vanhu anoshaiwa upfumi hwokuchengeta simba rakadaro pakati pekuverengwa kwegore.

Kuvimbana Uye Kunzwisisa Zvisina Kunaka

Nzanga dzakapararira kazhinji kazhinji dzine zvikonzero zvenhau zvokusavimba nokuunganidzwa kwamashoko ehurumende. Somuenzaniso, nzanga dzeAfrica nevomuUnited States dzakawana kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwemashoko omunhu oga nokuda kwezvinangwa zvokusasarura. Misi ichangobva kupfuura iyi, nhimbe dzenhema dzakaranganira kuverenga vanhu, kuparadzira kutaura kwenhema pamusoro pokugoverana mashoko nemitemo kana kuti zviremera zvokubuda munyika. Idzi nhau dzinogona kudzivisa kutora rutivi kwamakore kana dzisati dzichinangana nokupfuurira, kutumira mashoko kunovimbwa. Kuwana kuti kunooneka bedzi mukati menhambo yokuverengwa kwavanhu hakuna kukwana kukurira kupanikira kukuru.

Tsinhiro Dzokusimbisa

Kuramba uchingoramba uchitenderera munhambo yemakore gumi kunoda nzira yokushandisa zvakanaka, inoita zvakawanda.

Vakwanyina Vakadzi Namasangano Anodzikirwa Nenzanga

Masangano enhamba haagoni kupedza zera oga. Anofanira kuvimba namasangano omunzvimbomo anovimbwa. "masangano, zvikoro, makiriniki, mapoka ezvoutano okutamira kune dzimwe nyika, uye mabhizimisi maduku(*kuendesa mashoko kunzanga dzinosvika kumativi ose. Kubatana uku kunofanira kusimudzirwa nokuchengetwa kwegore rose, kwete kungoitwa chete mukati megore. Kurovedza nguva dzose, zvinoitika zvinobatanidzwa, uye zvikamu zvedzidzo zvinobatirana zvinovimbisa kuti kubatana kwacho kurambe kwakasimba uye kwakagadzirira apo nhamba inotevera inovamba. Somuenzaniso, purogiramu yebatira pamwe chete yeU.S. Creauisi yeU. ine zviuru zve "GBBreauntry Komiti dzegore" dzinopfuurira kuita nzanga pakati pekuverengwa kwezviverengero.

Kukurukurirana Kwemitauro Yakasiyana - siyana Netsika

Kupinganidzwa kwemitauro kunovhiringidza zvikuru kuverengwa kwevanhu. MuUnited States, kuverenga vanhu kunoitwa mumitauro inopfuura gumi nemiviri, asi vakurukuri vasiri French vachiri kutarisana nezvinetso. Kuramba vachiwana mashoko kunoda kuti zvinhu zviwanike mumitauro inotaurwa nevanhu vomunharaunda uye kuti mashoko ave anokosha mutsika. Izvi zvinopfuura kushandurwa kwe(kubatanidza kunzwisisa tsika dzemazita emunhu oga, kuvimba nehurumende, uye kuda kuudza vamwe mashoko emunhu oga. Kuchengeta chikwata chekurukurirano chemitauro yakawanda uye kubudisa mashoko pahwaro hunopfuurira kunoratidza kuti nzanga idzi hadzikanganwiki.

Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Rwokukurukurirana Kunopfuurira

Gadziriro dzokutarisira zvinhu dzazvino uno (CMS) se Directus inoita kuti masangano anoona kuverenga vanhu akwanise kufambisa mikoto yemichina yemakombiyuta kubva pachikuva chimwe. Nokushandisa CMS isina musoro, masangano anogona kubudisa zvinhu zviri mumawebsite, maapply, zvinobudisa mashoko emagariro, uye maemail anoshandiswa pakunyora mashoko panguva imwe chete. Zvirongwa zvemakombiyuta zvinobvumira masangano kuti achengetedze kufamba kwakatsigadzika kwedzidzo, zvibvumikiso zvakavanzika, uye zviyeuchidzo mugore rose. Mukuwedzera, michina yemashandiro yemakombiyuta inogona kubetsera kunyora zvinhu zvinotendwa nezvinonyorwa nezvinonyorwa neverwa, zvinogonesa masangano kugadziridza magadziridza magadzirirwo azvo munguva chaiyoiyo.

Vimbiso Dzakajeka uye Dzinodzokororwa

Kutya kutadza kushandisa mashoko zvihombe chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zvinoita kuti vanhu varambe kutora rutivi mukuverenga vanhu. Kudzokororwa kunofanira kubatanidza zvipikirwa zvakajeka, zvinodzokororwa zvekuvigirwa kwakavanzika uye kutsanangura kudzivirira kwepamutemo kuripo. Somuenzaniso, muUnited States, Mutezo 13 wemitemo yeU.S. Inorambidza Census Bureaution kugoverana mashoko anozivikanwa nomunhu upi noupi wehurumende kana kuti sangano ravanhu. Kunyora mashoko pamusoro pedziviriro dzebasa ravose (jere kupfurikidza nezviziviso zvehurumende), misangano yenzanga, uye zvinobudisa zvinovaraidza. Zviteshi zvemagaro zvinofanirawo kubudisa "disclosue" mishumo yegore negore kuti zviratidzire kuoneka nokujeka.

Purogiramu Yedzidzo Yegore Rese Muzvikoro

Vanhu vaduku mutoo une simba wokusvika mhuri dzose. Kupfurikidza nokubatanidza dzidzo yokuverenga vanhu muchikoro, masangano anogona kusimudzira kuziva kwenguva refu uye zvimiro zvakanaka pamusoro pekuverengwa kwavanhu. Zvirongwa zvakafanana ne “Mitauro iri muZvikoro” zvinogovera zvirongwa zvapachena nokuda kwavadzidzisi gore rose. Apo vadzidzi vanodzidza pamusoro poukoshi hwokuverengwa kwavanhu uye kutora zvinhu zvepamba, kazhinji kazhinji vanokurudzira vabereki vavo kupindura. Ikoku kunoparira nhevedzano yenhambo yenhambo yenhambo yokutora rutivi iyo inosimbisa kururama kwemashoko munguva.

Kuongorora Nyaya: Zvinoshanda Nezvisingaiti

Rubudiriro: Chiverengero 2020 muNew Zealand

Purogiramu yenhamba yeNew Zealand inozivikanwa nokuda kwenhamburiko dzayo dzenguva dzose pakati pezviverengero. Inhambanyo New Zealand inochengeta boka reNhamba dzeChibvumirano rinoshanda neMāori nePasifika gore rose. Zvinoita zvinhu zvinopfuurira pamusoro pezvakavanzika zvemazita uye betsero dzokuverenga vanhu, kupinda zvinoitika zvenzanga, uye rovedzo yavatungamiriri vomunzvimbomo kuti vabatire savamiririri. Nemhaka yei, mwero yezviito yakaramba iripo mumiganhu yakawanda, uye mitengo yavagari vemo yakaderedzwa zvikuru. Kurangarira kwavo kunoratidza kuti, kuwirirana netsika kunobhadharirwa.

Kukundikana: Kuverengwa kwevarwi muUnited Kingdom muna 2011

MuUK, mabhajeti akaderedza uwandu hwemari pakati pa2001 na2011 akaderedza zvikuru mabasa okutsvaka vanhu munzanga. Hofisi yeNational Statistics (ONS) yakaderedza mapurogiramu ayo okushandira pamwe nevashandi vomumunda vakaderedzwa. Zvakaguma nokuwedzera kukuru muuwandu hwevarendi vasiri vatsva, kunyanya pakati pevechiduku uye vatami vachangopfuura, zvichitungamirira kuuwandisa kukuru. Dare reONS raifanira kupedza mari yakawanda mukutevera nhamburiko dzinotevedzerwa uye kugadziridzwa kwemitengo. Chino charatidza kuti kuzviisa pangozi yokuchengetedza mari: Kuchengetedza mari munguva pfupi kunogona kukanganisa kuwanda kwemazita kwemakore gumi.

Kuvandudza: American Community Survey

Census Bureau yeU.S. inzvero inopfuurira, yomwedzi nomwedzi inounganidza mashoko mamwe chetewo ane udzame echiverengero chavagari vemo nezvemari akaunganidzwa kare nemhando yemhando yegore refu. Nemhaka yokuti ACS inoshanda gore rose, inoda kupfuurira kubuda uye dzidzo yavose. Bureau inochengeta vashandi vechigarire nokuda kwekurukurirano dzeACS, inoita nhimbe dzegore negore, uye inovandudza zvinhu zvayo nguva dzose. Muuyo mubatanidzwa wacho mubatanidzwa unowirirana wemibatanidzwa yemitengo inotsamira pakuronga. ACS inoratidza kuti kufamba kubva mukusvika kwakare-adekisi inoenderera mberi kunogona kuvandudza zvikuru kuvimbwa kwamashoko kunovimbwa.

Kutsigira Kunoita Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu

Kufambira mberi mune zvekugadzira zvinhu kuri kuita kuti zvive nyore kuti masangano anoona vanhu achiverenga vanhu arambe achifambira mberi pasina kudhura kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera.

Kutarisira Zvinhu Kuri Pakati Kusina Musoro

CMS isina musoro semaSangano anogadzira zvinhu kubva kumugumo wekutumira, inobvumira masangano kutarisira zvose zvinobatanidzwa kubva kumashure kumwe chete. Izvozvi zvinoreva nyaya pamusoro pedziviriro dzemunhu oga inogona kubudiswa panguva imwe chete pawebsite inonyoresa vanhu, inosundirwa kumasangano anoshanda pamwe chete achishandisa API, uye inochinjwa kuva chisaririra chemagariro evatambi. Zvirongwa zvokubudisa zvinovimbisa kuti zviri mukati menyu zvinobuda panguva dzakakodzera mugore rose. Kutenderwa kwebasa reAutomatite kunoramba kuchipfuurira nokutevedzerwa nokusawirirana nemiraudzo yezvakavanzika.

Kurwisa Kunoita Vanhu Vane Ropa uye Kuongorora Matangiro Avanoita

Gadziriro dzamashoko dzenzvimbo inopa miganhu (GIS) dzinobvumira masangano anoona vanhu kuronga mibato yokusvika, kuziva nzvimbo dzinochengetwa, uye fambiro mberi yapabudiriro. Nokubatanidza GiS nemashoko emhinduro, masangano anogona kuziva apo kutora rutivi kuri kuderera uye kurongwa. Somuenzaniso, kana nharaunda ichiratidza kupindura kwakaderera makore maviri pamberi pokuverengwazve kwemitengo, sangano rinogona kuderedza kushambadza kwomunzvimbomo, kuva nehoro dzetaundi, uye mubiyayo namasangano enzanga. Iyi nzira yeDiom yeDS inovimbisa kuti zviteshingidzo zvinoparadzirwa zvitengwa zvinoparadzirwa nenzira inotevedzereka uye nguva dzose.

Kuchinja Kwezvigadzirwa Zvemotokari NezvemasMS

Munzvimbo dzakawanda dzenyika, foni ndidzo nzvimbo huru inowanika vanhu paIndaneti. Masangano eSMS anogona kushandisa nhimbe dzekuverenga vanhu kuti asvike vanhu ava nezviyeuchidzo, mashoko edzidzo, uye masangano emafomu eIndaneti. Zvirongwa zveSMS zvinogara zvichingoshandiswa, kuendesa zvirimo panguva yazvinenge zvichingoda kusvika painenge yasvika uye mari shoma, ndiyo nzira yakanaka yokuita kuti vanhu varambe vachionana panguva yokuverenga vanhu.

Betsero Dzenguva Refu Dzekuziva Nhamba Dzakarurama Pamitemo Nemari

Kana mashoko okuverenga vanhu akarurama uye achienderana nenguva, zvinobatsira zvinowanikwa munzanga yose.

  • Kurapa: Njere dzechiverengero chavagari vemo dzinobetsera hurumende kuwana makiriniki, kugovera mari nokuda kwokudzivirira hosha, uye gadziriro yavagari vakwegura. MuUnited States, gadziriro dzoutano dzehurumende dzakadai seMedicaid neChild’s Health Informage Program (CHIP) inoparadzira mari inotsigirwa yakavakirwa pakuverengwa kwavanhu. Chiverengero chakaderera che1% chinogona kuguma namamirioni amadhora mumari inorasika nokuda kwehurumende.
  • Traxation:[ maruwa ezvikoro anoshandisa mashoko okuverenga vanhu kuronga kunyoresa, kuronga miganhu, uye kugovera pfuma nokuda kwedzidzo chaiyo, vadzidzi veChirungu, uye mapurogiramu ezvokudya zvemasikati. Kuwana nguva dzose kunovimbisa kuti vana vaduku vangangopotsa kunzi varaviwe.
  • Tsamba: Madhipatimendi okufambisa anotsamira pakuverenga vanhu uye mitoo inodzokororwa kuisa nhevedzano yokugadziridzwa kwemugwagwa, nzira dzokufambisa dzavose, uye kuiswa kwemari mumitemo yakafara. Mashoko enguva refu akavimbika anoita kuti kufanoziva zviri nani zvinodiwa munguva yemberi.
  • Kudhirowa kwamaruwa emitemo pamwero yose yehurumende kunotsamira pakuverengwa kwavanhu. Kuwanda kwakarurama uye kwakarurama kunovimbisa kuti vhoti yoga yoga inotakura uremu hwakaenzana. Nokufamba kwenguva, kubuda kwenguva kunobetsera kudzivisa kubviswa kwakarongwa kwechiverengero chavagari vashoma.

mhedziso

Nheyo dzakarurama ndedzokudzora kwehurumende inosarudzwa na democracy, kugoverwa kwamanyuko kwakaenzana, uye muitiro wevoruzhinji wezivo. Asi mashoko acho anongovimbika bedzi sedanho rinovapo. Apo kusvika kunowirirana (Zuva negore), pasinei zvapo namadzorero emari kana kuti dzvinyiriro dzezvamatongerwe enyika), zvinovaka chivimbo, zvinoderedza kunzvera kwapashoma napashoma, uye zvinotsigira kunzvera kunokosha kuti munhu anzwisise kuchinja kwechinomubatanidzwa wakadaro. Zvinetso zvokuchengeta kusachinja kwakadaro zvinokosha, asi hazvina kuoma. Nokuisa mari munzanga, kurukurirano yemitauro yakawanda, kurukurirano yemisi inoumba mibato yematunhu, uye masangano okuverenga vanhu ava nenguva dzose, masangano anogona kuvimbisa kuti munhu ari wose ave angova angova angova anenge makore gumi chete, asi rutivi rwokutendeka kururamateve.

Nokuda kwokuraviwazve pamusoro pemiitiro yokuverenga vanhu namabasa okupedza akanakisisa, nzvero zvinhu zvinobva ku U.C. Censurenity Bureau Library, United Nations Statistics Division[, uye Research Center.