Kukosha Kwokuzvidavirira Mumabasa Ehurumende

Kuzvidavirira mumabasa ehurumende icherekedzo yehurumende ibwe rekudzora kwehurumende kunobudirira. Inovimbisa kuti vakuru vakuru vehurumende vachazvidavirira nokuda kwezviito zvavo, zvisarudzo, uye kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa zvavose. Pasina mitoo yokuzvidavirira yakasimba, chivimbo chinoshatisa, uori hunowanda, uye kupiwa basa ravose kunotambura. Nyaya inonzvera rudzi rwakajeka rwekuzvidavirira kwehurumende, ukoshi hwayo hunokosha, mativi makuru nemarudzi, zvinetso zvinoadzivisa, uye zvirongwa zvinoshanda kuasimbisa. Nokunzwisisa aya mativi, vagari vemo navaiti vemiitiro vanogona kushanda pamwe chete kuvaka zvinhu zvinojeka, zvinodavika, uye zvinovimbwa.

Kunzwisisa Kuzvidavirira

Kuzvidavirira kunopfuura kungoshuma bedzi pamibato. Ipfungwa inobatanidza musengwa wavakuru vakuru vehurumende kutsanangura mufambiro wavo, kururamisa zvisarudzo zvavo, uye kugamuchira miuyo nokuda kwokukundikana. Papakati pazvo, kuzvidavirira kunoda zvinhu zvitatu: kujeka, kuzvidavirira, uye kumanikidzirwa. Kujeka kunoreva kuti zviito zvehurumende namashoko zvinowanika kuvanhu vose. Kupindurwa kunonongedzera kumusengwa wokugovera tsananguro neruramiso. Kusimba kunosimbisa kuti pane mano okuisa zvibvumikiso kana kuti zvikanganiso. Zvikamu zvose izvi zvinoumba gadziriro apo simba rinonzverwa uye chivimbo chavose zvinochengetwa.

Kuzvidavirira kunoshanda pamwero mizhinji. Pamwero mumwe nomumwe, mubatiri mumwe nomumwe wavose ane mutoro wemabasa avo chaiwo. Pamwero wesangano, masangano ose namadhipatimendi anofanira kuzvidavirira nokuda kwebasa ravo reboka. Uye pamwero wegadziriro, gadziriro yose yokutonga inofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti kunzvera nokudzikamiswa kwesimba. Murangariro wacho unovakirwa zvikuru munheyo dzehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, kutonga kwomutemo, uye maruramiro avanhu. Mitumbi yamarudzi ose yakadai se [[FLT: 0] ECD uye [[FLT:] World Bank unosimbisa kuzvidavirira seringi yemite yezviwiso zvakanaka nezvinotsigirwa.

Chikonzero Nei Nhau Dzokuzvidavirira

Kuzvidavirira hakusi pfungwawo zvayo; kune betsero dzinooneka nokuda kwezvose zviri zviviri hurumende navagari vemo.

Chinovaka Chivimbo

Kuvimba imari yokutonga kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Apo vagari vemo vanoona kuti vatungamiriri vavo vanozvidavirira nokuda kwezviito zvavo, sezvingabvira zvikuru vangadavira kuti mabasa ehurumende mufariro yavo yakanakisisa. Nenzira yakapesana, kushaikwa kwokuzvidavirira kunoparira kusakendenga nokurasha. Nzvero dzakaratidza kuti kuzvidavirira kukuru zvikuru kunobatanidza nokuvimbwa kwavanhu nemwero yakakwirira yamasangano. Somuenzaniso, nyika dzine masangano anorwisana nouori uye vazivi vakazvimirira nenzira yakakwirira dzinowana ruvimbo rukuru pakuvimba namashoko.

Kudzivisa Uori

Mitoo yokuzvidavirira inoshanda sechidziviso kuushati. Apo vakuru vakuru vanoziva kuti zvisarudzo zvavo zvinonzverwa uye kuti vachatarisana nemiuyo nokuda kwomufambiro usina kunaka, havatongopindi mumiitiro yakaipa. Kuoneka mumitemo, kuronga, uye kutora purofiti kunoderedza mikana yepfumbamuromo nemhesano. Masangano amarudzi ose akafanana murative International [

Kuvandudza Mushandi

Kuzvidavirira kunoparira basa. Apo vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanodikanirwa kushuma miuyo ndokururamisa zviito zvavo, vanosundwa kushanda zvakanaka zvikuru uye nenzira inobudirira. Njere dzakavakirwa pabasa, somuenzaniso, mabatanidzwa kutsigira miuyo inotanhamariswa, masangano anokurudzira kuisa ngwariro pakusvitsa zvinangwa zvavo. Ikoku kunotungamirira kukupiwa kwebasa kuri nani, zvivako zvavose, uye ukoshi hukuru nokuda kwemari yavabhadhari.

Kunoita Kuti Kuona Zvakanaka Kuvepo

Kuzvidavirira nokuona zviri kumativi maviri emari imwe chete. Kuzvidavirira, hurumende dzinofanira kuva dzinoona mabasa adzo, zvisarudzo, uye kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa. Zvirongwa zvemirayiridzo, kuwanikwa kwavanhu vose mumitemo yemashoko, uye rusununguko rwemashoko zvinoita kuti kuzvidavirira kwose kutsigire nokuita kuti mashoko ehurumende asvike. Uku kujeka kunosimbisa vagari vemo, vatori venhau, uye masangano ehurumende kuongorora zviito uye kutsigira kuchinja.

Zvikamu Zvikuru Zvokuzvidavirira

Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinoita basa rinokosha mukuvimbisa kuti kuzvidavirira hakusi kungova nheyo yokufungidzira chete asi chinhu chaichoicho chinoshanda.

Kunyoresa Mumutemo

Chirongwa chapamutemo chakasimba chinorondedzera mitoro yavakuru vakuru vehurumende, kutanga miitiro yokuzvidavirira, uye kuronga miuyo nokuda kwokuputsa. Ikoku kunobatanidza mabumbiro emitemo, mirau, mirau, uye mitemo yomufambiro. Somuenzaniso, nyika zhinji dzine mitemo inoda vakuru vakuru vehurumende kuzivisa zvinhu zvavo, kudzivisa rwisano dzefariro, uye kuzivisa mibato. Chirongwa chapamutemo chinogadzawo simba namasimba zvemitumbi inodzora.

Miviri Inotarisirwa

Masangano anotarisira anozvimirira anokosha kuongorora mabasa ehurumende nokurongera kuzvidavirira. Anosanganisira masangano anorwisana nouori, mahofisi okuongorora, uye masangano ekodzero dzevanhu. Mitumbi inoshanda zvakanaka inoongorora, inowana manyuko, inopa chirango, uye inorumbidza kuchinja. Internationalpotement Organization of Supreme Adition Institutions [INTSOUTSOUD] inogadza mipimo yemitemo yokunzvera yakazvimirira inobatira, inovakwanisira kubatira mipimo inovimbisa kuzvidavirira mukutarisirwa kwemari yavose.

Kupindura Pachena

Kuvimbisana vagari vemo chinhu chinokosha pakuzvidavirira munzanga. Kana vagari vomunyika vakabatanidzwa mumiitiro yokuita zvisarudzo, kunzvera bhajeti, uye kutongwa, vanogona kutaura zvinovanetsa, kugovera muuyo, uye kuita kuti vakuru vakuru vazvidavirire. Kubatanidzwa kwemari, makadhi okushuma evagari vemo, uye zvikamu zvezvikamu zvenzanga zvishandiso zvinobatsira kutungamirira mabasa avose. Kuzvidavirira kwenzanga kunoshanda zvikurukuru pamwero yomunzvimbomo, apo vagari vemo vanogona kucherekedza zvakananga tapuro yezviito zvehurumende.

Kushuma Michina

Kushuma kwenguva dzose uye kwakajeka ndiwo musimboti wokuzvidavirira. Hurumende dzinofanira kutanga gadziriro dzokushuma kwapanhambo nenhambo pamusoro pebasa, kutarisirwa kwemari, uye miuyo. Iyi mishumo inofanira kuva inosvikika pachena uye inopiwa muchimiro chinonzwisisika kuvagari vemo vemo vemo vemo vemo vemo. Zviteshi zvemiteshi yemari nemirau yavose zvinoita kuti kuve nyore kubudisa mishumo ndokubvumira voruzhinji kunzvera kushanda kwehurumende. Somuenzaniso, hurumende dzakawanda zvino dzinobudisa mishumo yemari inorongwa yokubhadharwa, kunzvera, uye kuendesa nhamba dzebasa paIndaneti.

Marudzi Okuzvidavirira

Kuzvidavirira mumabasa ehurumende kunouya muzvimiro zvinoverengeka zvakasiyana - siyana, chimwe nechimwe chichibatira donzo rakasiana - siana uye chichidenha vatambi vakasiana - siana.

Kuzvidavirira Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika

Kuzvidavirira kwezvamatongerwe enyika kunonongedzera kuukama pakati pavakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa navavhoti vavo. Kupfurikidza nesarudzo yenguva dzose, vagari vemo vanogona kutusa kana kuti kuranga vezvematongerwe enyika vakavakirwa pakuita kwavo. Pashure pesarudzo, kuzvidavirira kwezvamatongerwe enyika kunobatanidzawo kutarisirwa nevanopa mitemo, zvakadai semibvunzo yeparamende, kutongwa kwedare, uye kusazvibvuma. Masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika, zvinobudisa nhau, uye murangariro wavose zvinogonawo kuita basa mukuita kuti vatungamiriri vakasarudzwa vapiwe mhaka. Zvisinei, kuzvidavirira kwezvamatongerwe enyika kunogona kuderedzwa nezvinhu zvakadai sevhotera dareimani, kusawirirana kwemibato, uye kusakendenga.

Kuzvidavirira Kuvakuru Vaduku

Kuzvidavirira kunoshanda kuvashandi vehurumende vasina kusarudzwa navashandi vehurumende. Vakuru vakuru ava vanozvidavirira kuvatungamiriri vavo, kubazu rinotungamirira, uye pakupedzisira kuvoruzhinji. Mitengo inobatanidza kuyera basa, kunzvera kwomukati, miitiro yokuranga, uye kunamatira kumitemo yomufambiro. Kuzvidavirira kunokosha kukuva nechokwadi chokuti mitemo yavose inoshandiswa nenzira inobudirira uye kuti pfuma yavose inoshandiswa zvakanaka. Kuzvidavirira kwehurumende kusingashandiswi kunogona kutungamirira kukusashanda zvakanaka, kurasa, kurasa, uye kusabata zvakanaka.

Kuzvidavirira Kwokutonga

Dare rinotonga rinoita kuti vakuru vakuru vehurumende vazvidavirire kupfurikidza nenhau dzepamutemo. Matare anogona kuhwirudzura kumira pamutemo kwezviito zvehurumende, kurova mitemo isina kubvumirwa nehurumende, uye kurongera mishonga nokuda kwokuputsa kodzero. Kuongorora dare chishandiso chine simba chokupa mutoro, zvikurukuru mumhaka dzokushandisa simba zvisina kufanira kana kuti kuputsa miitiro yakafanira. Zvisinei, kuzvidavirira kwedare kunoda mutongi akazvimirira uye asingasaruri, izvo zvinogona kukanganiswa nokupindira kwezvamatongerwe enyika, uori, kana kuti kushayikwa kwezviwanikwa.

Kuzvidavirira Munzanga

Kuzvidavirira kwenzanga kunobatanidza kuvimbisana kwakananga pakati pavagari vemo navakuru vakuru vehurumende, kufuratira mikoto yevhota kana kuti mibato. Inowanzoshandiswa namasangano enzanga, mapoka enzanga, uye vashingairi vamwe navamwe. Michina inobatanidza kunzwika kwavose, kunzvera kwenzanga, mirau yevagari vemo, uye zvichemo. Kuzvidavirira kwenzanga kunoshanda zvikurukuru mumiitiro apo mapoka anotarisira ehurumende anoneta kana kuti anobatwa. Kunobetsera kukudza manzwi enzanga dzakaderedzwa uye kuvimbisa kuti zviito zvehurumende zvinodavidza kuzvinodikanwa zvomunzvimbomo.

Matambudziko Okuzvidavirira

Pasinei zvapo noukoshi hwayo, kuwana kuzvidavirira kunobudirira mumabasa ehurumende kwakazadzwa nezvinetso.Izvi mhinganidzo zvinogona kusekesa kunyange gadziriro dzakarongerwa kuzvidavirira kwakanakisisa.

Kushaikwa Kwokuona Zvakareruka

Kana zviito zvehurumende zvikavanzwa pachivande, kuzvidavirira kunova kusingabviri. Chivanzi chinogona kuva chakavanzika, seapo vakuru vakuru vanovanza ushati kana kuti kusakwaniriswa, kana kuti chinogona kubva munhau dzegadziriro dzakadai segadziriro dzisina kusimba dzokutarisira mashoko. Kunyange uko mitemo yokuona nameso iripo, ingava inomanikidzirwa zvisina kufanira kana kuti inodzorwa kupfurikidza namazita akarongwa. Pasina kusvika kukushanda kwakakodzera nguva, kwakarurama, uye mashoko akakwana, vagari vemo havagoni kucherekedza nenzira inobudirira kushanda kwehurumende kana kuti kuita kuti vakuru vakuru vazvipire mhaka.

Zvirongwa Zvisina Utano

Mitumbi inotonga yakangosimba bedzi semhoteredzo yapamutemo neyezvematongerwe enyika inoitsigira. Masangano asina simba angashaiwa kuzvimirira, mari yakakwana, vashandi vane unyanzvi, kana kuti masimba okutarisira. Mune dzimwe nyika, masangano anorwisa uori anobatwa nehurumende dzimene dzaanoda kutarira. Maparera angashaiwa unyanzvi kana kuti chido chezvamatongerwe enyika chokutungamirira zvinobudirira. Madare angaremerwa kana kuti kudzorwa nedzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Utera hwesangano hunoparira kuzvidavirira kunoparira kukuvadziko inoparira kurangwa.

Kupindira Kwematongerwe Enyika

Kupindira mune zvematongerwo enyika kunokanganisa kuzvidavirira kwevatambi kana vachishandisa nzira dzokutarisira nadzo, kudzvinyirira kana kutsiva vanoridza mhere, kuzvidavirira kunogona kudzorwa nemitemo, chiokomuhomwe, kana kuti nokugadza vakavimbika munzvimbo dzinotarisira.

Kusakendenga Kwavanhu

Kuzvidavirira hausi mutoro wehurumende chete; kunodawo kuvimbisana. Apo ruzhinji runenge rusina kubatanidzwa, rusingazivi, kana kuti rusingakendengi, vakuru vakuru vanotarisana nedzvinyiriro duku yokuzvidavirira. Muvhoti akaderera, kushaikwa kwokutora rutivi mukubvunza kwavose, uye kusakendenga kuzvikanganiso zveuori kuvakuru vakuru avo vanogona kuita chiito pasina chirango. Kurwisa kusava nehanya navanhu kunoda dzidzo yehurumende, mashoko anowanika, uye mikana yokubatanidzwa mune revo. Masangano enzanga namasangano enzanga avagari vemo anogona kubetsera kukurudzira vagari vemo uye kutsigira dzvinyiriro yokuzvidavirira.

Zvirongwa Zvokuwedzera Kuzvidavirira

Kuti munhu anyatsozvidavirira muhurumende anofanira kuongorora zvinhu zvakawanda. Pasi apa pane mazano anoshanda anogona kushandiswa nehurumende uye nenzanga.

Kusimbisa Zvirongwa

Kuvaka mitumbi yakasimba inobetsera. Ikoku kunobatanidza kuva nechokwadi chokuzvimirira kwayo papesvedzero yavakuru vakuru, kugovera bhajeti dzakakwana navashandi, uye kuvapa masimba akasimba okunzvera nokutarisira. Kugadza mirairo yapamutemo nemipimo yokushanda nokuda kwamasangano anotarisira kunogona kuvandudza kubudirira kwayo. batira pamwe yamarudzi ose nenzvero dzavaenzani, zvakadai seizvo zvinoitiswa ne United Nations Convention yokurwisana noUority [UNCAC] , inogona kubetsera nyika kuita basa radzoro nokuvandudza gadziriro dzadzokororo dzavo.

Kusimudzira Kuona Zvinhu Zvakajeka

Kuona chitarisiko kunofanira kusimbiswa nenzira ikarongwa mumabasa ehurumende. Ikoku kunogona kuwanwa kupfurikidza nokuziviswa kwamashoko, miitiro yemitemo yakazaruka, uye kuwanwa kwavanhu vose kumitemo. Hurumende dzinofanira kubudisa mabhajeti, zvibvumirano, mishumo yemishumo, uye mashoko okushanda mumichina inonyorwa. Mabumbiro enhau anogona kuderedza mikana youori kupfurikidza nemiitiro yokuongorora nokugadzira mikoto. Mitemo yedziviriro yeWhistlecupper inofanira kutangwa ndokukurudzirwa kukurudzira kushuma utsotsi.

Kukurudzira Kubatanidzwa Kwavose

Kuronga mikana yokuti vagari vemo vabatane nehurumende kuchaita kuti pave nokuzvidavirira kwenzanga. Kushandisa mari yokushandisa, uko vagari vemo vanosarudza panzvimbo inogoverwa mari yavose, kwakatoshandiswa zvinobudirira mumaguta munyika yose. Kuteerera vanhu pamabasa makuru, matare anotarisira vagari vemo, uye kunyunyuta zvinochinja mashandiro enzanga. Kushandiswa kwemichina yemagetsi, zvakadai semaapps okushuma kukundikana kwebasa kana kuti maplatifomu paIndaneti kubvunza vanhu, kunogona kuderedza miganhuro yokutora rutivi.

Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu

Maturusi emagetsi anogona kuchinja kuzvidavirira. Blockchain anogona kuvandudza kuoneka kwemaketani okugovera uye marekodhi avose. Majeretsi anogona kuzivisa mitoo yemhindu kana kuti kusakwanisa. Masangano enzanga anogona kukudza manzwi evagari vemo ndokufumura kusafambidzana. Mitemo yemibato yavose inobvumira vagari vemo kuongorora kushanda kwenguva chaiyo. Zvisinei, ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rwoga haruna kukwana; runofanira kutsigirwa nezvido zvezvamatongerwe enyika uye simba resangano kuti vaite chimwe chinhu pamashoko anenge agadzirwa.

Kuongorora Kuzvidavirira Kunoitwa

Mienzaniso chaiyoiyo yenyika inoratidzira kuti miitiro yokuzvidavirira inogona kushandiswa nenzira inobudirira sei uye misiyano yainoita mukudzora miuyo.

Sweden

Sweden inowirirana nguva dzose pakati pehurumende dzinooneka zvikurusa uye dzinozvidavirira munyika. Nheyo yokuwana kwavose magwaro ehurumende, yakapinzwa murusununguko rwePress Act ye1766, inobvumira vagari vemo navanyori venhau kunzvera zvinyorwa zvehurumende. Paramende Ombudsman inoongorora zvichemo zvavagari vemo uye inogona kurumbidza kukwirira. Dare reSwedish National Pication Office rinonzvera masangano ose enyika. Mubatanidzwa uyu wemitemo, utarisiri hwemagariro, uye tsika yokuvandambira zvaguma nokuvimbwa zvikuru uye uori hwakaderera. Maererano neTransparency International, Sweden ine mumwe wemitengo inofungwa kuva nouori pasi pasi pasi pasi penyika yose.

New Zealand

New Zealand muenzaniso wemipimo yakasimba yokuzvidavirira. Hurumende inogadza mipimo yemufambiro webasa ravose, uye Hofisi yePuncil-Jiner Countrial Afters masangano ose avose. Ombudsman anonzvera zvichemo pamusoro pamasangano ehurumende. Iyi migariro yakaparirawo kushandiswa kwemari iri nani iyo inowirirana nokushandiswa kwemari inowirirana nemiuyo yenzanga, ichida masangano kuti apedzise mishumo pamusoro pemitengo yemari. Rumano rwenyika neMuganhu wePuri-se Service Udzo zviri mukati me Public Service Commission inoronga mufambiro wetsika. Iyi mipimo yakabetserawo kuchengetedza New Zealand inosano yokushanda zvakanaka zvikuru neyavose munyika.

South Korea

Rwendo rwokuenda kunzvimbo inozvidavirira kuSouth Korea runoratidzira kuti chinjo dzinogona kudzorwa sei nenjodzi. Pashure penjodzi yemari ya1997 yeAsia nemhosho dzakatevera dzouori, hurumende yakatanga matanho okuratidza pachena. Kutanga kweOnline Procedures Inglection for Civil Applications (OPEN) muna 1999 kwakabvumira vagari vemo kuti vadzorere mvumo nezvinobvumirwa nereze, kuderedza mikana yokupfumba. Anti-Corruption neCivil Rights Commission yakagadzwa sedare ranotarisira rakasununguka. Gare gare gare gare, kugadzwa kweSho Solitiance and Grafft Act (Kim-Young Act) muna 2016 yakabvumira miraudzo yemitemo yemitemo yakasimbisa. Kuchinja uku kwakaderedza zvikuru uoridzo nokuvimba navanhu muhurumende.

mhedziso

Kuzvidavirira mumabasa ehurumende hakusi kwoumbozha; kunodikanwa nokuda kwokushanda kwehurumende dzinotonga nedzoutongi hunobudirira. Kunovaka chivimbo, kunodzivisa ushati, kunosimudzira kushanda, uye kusimudzira kuoneka. Kuwana kuzvidavirira kune revo kunoda mutoo wakakwana unobatanidza gadziriro dzapamutemo dzakasimba, mitumbi inotonga inotonga, kutora rutivi runoshingaira, uye kushuma kwapashoma napashoma. Nepo zvinetso zvakadai sedzokupindira kwezvamatongerwe enyika, masangano ane utera, uye kusakendenga kunopfuurira, zvinogona kukurirwa kupfurikidza nenhamburiko dzinopfuurira nokuvandudza. Kupfurikidza nokudzidza kubva munzvero dzinobudirira uye kugamuchira mazano akabudirira, hurumende dzinogona kuita gadziriro dzokuzvidavirira dzinobatira fariro yavose uye dzinotsigira nheyo dzehurumende. Mugari mumwe nomumwe ane basa rokutamba nokuziva, kupfurikidza nokugara pachena, kutsigira upenyu hwapachena kuvatungamiriri vavo.