Kuchinja Kunoita Kunzwa Kwemasangano

Kunzwa kweCongress kunomirira mumwe wemiitiro inopenya zvikurusa iyo hurumende yeUnited States inorwisana nayo nedenho dzakawanda dzinodzorwa nokutama. Marusando aya, anounganidzwa namatare ose ari maviri Imba youmende neDare, anounganidza vaiti vemitemo, vakuru vakuru vehurumende, nyanzvi dzemitemo, uye vatsigiri venzanga kuti vaongorore kuitwa kwemitemo yokubuda munyika, kugovera zvinhu, uye kuziva kukundikana kwegadziriro dzegadziriro dzemitemo. Kuungana kwakapfava, kunzwa kunobatira senzvero yakakomba pamasangano ebazu ebasa rehurumende akadai seImmigration and Custommentmentment (ICOME) uye Customs and Ordertion and Borition (CBP), kuvimbisa kuti mabasa ehurumende anowirirana nevavariro dzemitemo nedziviriro.

Kuchengetwa kwokurongeka muUnited States kwave kuri manyuko ekurukurirano inonyandura yezvamatongerwe enyika, nemirangariro yakasiana pamusoro penzira yokudzikamisa nayo chengeteko yorudzi, fariro dzemari, misengwa yomutsa, uye kutonga kwomutemo. Kunzwa kwedare kunopa mavambo akarongeka umo izvi zvinokwikwikwidzana zvinogona kuiswa, kuongororwa, uye pakupedzisira kushandurwa kuva chiito chemitemo kana kuti kutarisirwa. Zvipupuriro zvakanyorwa, kurukurirano dzemibvunzo nemhinduro, uye mishumo yakatevera inoparirwa nokunzwa kazhinji kazhinji inoumba hwaro hwakajekarirwa nezvikwereti zvitsva, zvisarudzo zvemari, uye chinjo dzokudzora.

Kugadzirwa Kwemitemo Nemashandiro Anoita Nzeve

Congress inowana chiremera chayo chokutarisira muChikamu I cheBumbiro reMitemo, icho chinoipa simba rokunzvera nhau dzine chokuita nomutemo uye kuitwa kwamasangano ehurumende. Kunzwa kwokutora kunowira muboka ramabhii akadai seDare reImba paJudicary, Dare reDare reDare reHomeland Security, uye Dare reDare reDare reMaline reMamite neRhulumend Affairs. Mutestees nevokubuda kwakananga kana kuti muganhu wekopodziyo kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji dare rinoitira vateereri vezvokugara panzvimbo.

Makambani enzeve dzakagadzirwa kuti dziwane mashoko adzisinganzwi. Zvapupu zvinosarudzwa kumirira mativi akasiyana - siyana epfungwa, kubatanidza vakuru vakuru vehurumende kubva kumasangano ezvokumanikidza, vatsvakurudzi, vatengi vepamutemo, vamiririri vemasangano asingashandisi mhindu, uye panhambo nenhambo vanhu vanotapurwa zvakananga nemitemo yokudzikamisa. Chapupu chimwe nechimwe chinopa mashoko akanyorwa pachine nguva mberi, anobudiswa muchinyorwa chedare chokunzwa. Pashure pokuzarura mashoko kubva kumitezo yedare, nguva yemibvunzo neyamazadzirwo anobvumira vaiti vemitemo kunzvera kuti vaongorore nhau dzakananga, vapindure, uye rondedzero dzinodenha. Iyi fomu inoumba chinyorwa chavose zviri zviviri pamutemo zvinopesvedzera mamiriro ezvinhu enguva pfupi anokurumidza uye masangano emitemo.

Kurangarira Nokuronga Kunzwa

Rimwe ramarudzi anoramba achitevera zvikuru enzwiro nokuda kwokuchengetwa kwevatami, ibasa rokubatanidza, umo Congress inotema mwero yokushandisa mari nokuda kwamasangano akafanana neICE, CBP, uye Hofisi Inotungamirira nokuda kweImmigation Review (EOIR). Mukati meidzi nhambo, vakuru vesangano vanofanira kururamisa zvikumbiro zvavo zvemari, kutsanangura zvokutanga kushanda, uye kuzvidavirira kwezvirongwa zvekare. Vagadziri vemitemo vanogona kushandisa kunzwa kukumbira kuoneka kukuru zvikuru mukushandiswa kwebasa, kuunganidza ruzivo rwamabasa okugadzirwa kwezvinhu, kana kuti zvirongwa zvevashandi. Somuenzaniso, kunzwa kwave kuchishandiswa mukusimbisa mutengo kwekuchengetwa kwenguva refu uye kudikanwa kwokutsiva kuchengetwa, izvo kazhinji zvisingadhura uye zvinodhura zvikuru vanhu.

Zvinetso Zvokumanikidza Zvakaongororwa Mukutonga

Kunzwisisa nyaya idzi kunokosha kuti munhu wose azive kuti mapoka anotarisira hurumende anoshanda sei uye kuti zvinhu zviri kuitika sei.

Kuchengeteka Mumuganhu Wenyika Nokudzora Kushanda

Chengeteko yomuganhu inoramba iri nhau inoongororwa nguva dzose. Kunzwa kunowanzotaura nezvokushanda kwemhinganidzo dzomuviri, ruzivo rwokuongorora, mabasa okuongorora, uye mabasa evashandi kumaodzanyemba nokumusoro kwemuganhu. Chipupuriro chinobva kuHofisi yeHurumende (GAO) mishumo neDhipatimendi reHomeland Security (DHS) Zviwanwa zvevaongorori zvinowanzoratidza kutadza kudzora kushanda, zvakadai sokusaziva zvakakwana mamiriro ezvinhu muzvikamu zviri kure kana kuti zvinetso mukurambidza kutengeswa kwezvinodhaka mumigodhirojenya inodzorwa nevanhu. Vatengi vemitemo vakashandisa mishumo iyi kusava nechokwadi kana urongwa hwokupinda mumuviri wakasiyana - siyana kana kuti shongwe yezvinoongororwa zvezvinhu zvinonzi zvinonzi zvinonzi zvinoda kugadziriswa.

Mamiriro Ezvinhu Okusafunga Nezvimwe Zvaungaita

Kutarisirwa kwenzvimbo dzokuchengetera vasungwa vanopinda munyika kwakaoneka senhau inodzokororwa uye inowanzonetsa mukutonga. matare eCongregational akanzvera mishumo yetarisiro isina kukwana yezvokurapa, kupfigirwa kwenguva refu, uye muitiro wekuputswa mukati menzvimbo dzokuchengetera. Zvapupu zvinobva kumasangano ekodzero dzevanhu uye vaichimbova vasungwa zvakagovera nhau dzakazvionera panhau dzehurumende. Mumhinduro, vanzwi vave vane chinjo dzinodzorwa dzakadai sokutangwa kwemipimo yokusungwa, zvakawedzerwa kutarisirwa neDHS Office yekodzero dzeChostry and Civil Liberies, uye zvirongwa zvevambi vendege nokuda kwemiedzo yenhau dzinodzorwa zvishoma. Zvikarakadzo zvenhau zvinokurukurwawo, sezvo ndyiko dzokuchengetwa dzomubhedhadzo dzinopfuura ndyiko dzemapurogiramu dzinotarisirwa.

Kuisa Zvinhu Zvokutanga Pamberi Nouchenjeri

Imwe nzvimbo yakakomba ndeyenzira iyo ICE inorovedza nayo kungwarira mukuita chisarudzo kuti ndechipi chisati chiri chetsoropodzo chokutsvaka kubviswa. Vanzwi vakanzvera kusawirirana pakati pemiitiro iyo inoisa tyisidziro dzechengeteko dzenyika, matsotsi ane masimba masimba, uye vatsigiri vemiganhu yemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi vachipesana nechiito chokusimbisa chakaitirwa vagari venguva refu vane batano huru dzenzanga, kubatanidza avo vakaita chibvumikiso chiduku. Chipupuriro cheICE chinobva kutungamiriri chinowanzosimbisa kuganhurirwa kwezviwanikwa zvesangano nedikanwo yezvinoiswa pakutanga zvakajeka, nepo vatsigiridzi vanoramba kuti pamusoro pekudzosavimbwa kwemitengo uye mhuri. Idzi dzinonzwa dzine zvikarakadzo zvokuziva pamutemo zvakadai seChiremera cheImmigratiotiswo nechino cheImheswo, icho chinotsvaka kuderedza kuchengetwa kwesangano nokuwedzerwa kweGwaro.

Kunetseka Kwevanhu Nevanhu Vane Mhosva

Kubatwa kwamapoka asina dziviriro, zvikurukuru vana vasina vakwanyina, vatsvaki venzvimbo yokupotera, uye vanyajambwa vokutengesa, inhau inodzokororwazve. Matare akanzvera migariro muCBP achiva nezvivako, kurongwa kwenzvimbo dzehuvanze muMigrant Protection Protols (kunozivikanwawo seSavara mupurogiramu yeMexico), uye simba reHofisi yevapoteri kudzimba nokutarisira vana. Chipupuriro chinobva kuvana varadzi, vashandi vomunzanga, uye vaichimbova vakuru vakuru vehurumende zvakapupurira zviitiko zvokuva vapfuudza, utsanana husina kukwana, uye kushaidzwa kwokuwana zano rapamutemo. Idzi kurukurirano dzakatungamirira kugadziridzo dzedare, chinjo dzekodzero dzokuchengeta, uye kubatanidzwa kwemitezo nokuda kwemitezo yepamutemo yebasa yavanhu vakasununguka.

Kutama Mumutemo Kwegadziriro Yokudzivirira Kunodzorwa Nehurumende

Nepo kuchengetwa kuchiwanzodzora misoro mikuru, mirangariro inokurukurawo gadziriro yeInifficiencies yegadziriro yokubuda kwapamutemo. Visa Application Act nezvikarakadzo zvakafanana zvakaziviswa nemhedziso dzemakore akawanda nokuda kwemibatanidzwa yemhuri inodzorwa uye yakavakirwa pabasa, zvinyorwa zvevhu rakasvibira zveH-1B viza, uye mutoro wehurumende paU.S. chigamunisi neImmigration Services (USCIS). Vagadziri vemitemo vakashandisa kunzwa kuti vapine mibvunzo pamusoro penguva dzokutungamirira kweUSCIS, zvirongwa, zvirongwa zvemichina zvokugadzirwa zvazvino uno. Kuwedzera kweidzidzwa kweidzidzwa kweHB visa, zvapupuriro, zvapupuriro, kupesana kumiitiro yemiitiro yemiitiro yemitemo uye pamutemo panzvimbo dzinovapo panguva iyeyo dzinofanira kushambanwa.

Mirangariro Yakaoma Yemirangariro Netapuro Yayo

Kunzwisisa kuti vanotsigira kukurukurirana kwakasiyana - siyana kunoda kuti vaongorore zvido zvavo uye kuti uchapupu hwavo hunorema zvakadini.

Vakuru Vakuru Vehurumende

Vakuru vakuru veICE, CBP, USCIS, uye Department of State vanoratidzika kuva vanowanzotsanangura mitemo yavo, pembedzo dzemari, uye kuita chimwe chinhu kumashoko echitsotsi. Chipupuriro chavo chinowanzobatanidza mashoko anoshanda, akadai senhamba dzokusunga, nhamba dzinobviswa, uye nhamba dzemitezo inosangana. Zvisinei, vanotsoropodza vanocherechedza kuti zvapupu zvesangano zvingadziviswa navanogadza vezvamatongerwe enyika uye kuti mashoko anogona kupiwa nenzira yakasarudzwa. Dzimwe nguva kunzwa kunofumura kusabvumirana nemitemo yomukati, apo vaichimbova vakuru vakuru vakuru vanopupurira pamusoro pemitendiro yavanodavira kuti haina zvibereko kana kuti imhakanwo.

Vaiti Vemitemo Neboka Vane Simba

Mitezo yeCongress inoshandisa mirau yavo kuti itsigire zvirongwa zvavo zvemitemo, mapfundo ezvamatongerwe enyika, uye zviratidzo zvokutanga kumativi avo. Zvigaro zvedare .(zvinobva kuboka revoruzhinji) zvinodzora kusarudzwa kwouchapupu, kurongeka kwemibvunzo, uye rudungwe rwokunzwa. Ikoku kunogona kutungamirira kutsinhano dzinopfuudza zvikuru apo maidi mamwe anodudzirwa nenzira yakasiana- siyana nezvibvumirano zvemitengo. Pasinei zvapo neiyi nhambo yezvokugara pasi, kunzwa kwakaparira nhamburiko, dzakadai seRumano rweRumano, Economic Otion, Immigation Modertion Act yeChiteshinganiso cha 2013, iyo yapfuura Dare rakafara risati rapinda muImba yeHome.

Mapoka Okudzora Nenzanga Yavagari Vemo

Masangano akadai seAmerican Civil Liberations Union (ACLU), Human Rights Watch, National Immigation Law Center, uye Migration Policy Institute nguva dzose anopa chipupuriro chenyanzvi chinodenha nzvimbo dzehurumende. Kunzvera kwavo kwakavakirwa panzvimbo yebasa uye ruzivo rwebasa rwakananga zvinopa mirangariro yepamusoro inogona kukurira nhauro dzebureaucratic. Kunzwa kwakatapura vanhu saane DACA MUTSHONDE, muvakirwi anorindwa, kana kuti mhuri yakaparadzana pamuganhu. Yakabvumikisa kuva nesimba zvikuru mukusimbisa kurukurirano dzendangariro dzakaoma kunzwisisa uye kubudisa pepanhau izvo zvinomanikidza vaiti vemutemo kuita chiito.

Vatsvakurudzi Vezvesayenzi Nenyanzvi Dzepamutemo

Nyanzvi dzakavakirwa payunivhesiti dzinogovera nzvero yemipimo panhau dzakadai setapuro yokudzivisa kuchengetwa, mipiro yemari yavatami, uye ganhuriro dzebumbiro remitemo pabasa roukuru. Chipupuriro chavo chinowanzogovera hwaro hwakajeka hwezvikarakadzo zvemitemo, pamwe chete nenhau dzakapoteredza nokuda kwekurukurirano dzapanguva ino. Somuenzaniso, kutonga pamusoro pechiremera chebumbiro remitemo chapurezidhendi chokunonotsa kudzingwa kungapa uchapupu kuvanapurofesa vemitemo vanonzvera muenzaniso wedare gurusa uye muitiro wenhau.

Muitiro Wenyika Chaiwoiwo Unobuda Mukutonga

Pesvedzero yekutongwa kwedare rehurumende pamusoro pemiitiro yokuchengetwa kwevatami vanobva munyika inogona kurondwa kupfurikidza nemienzaniso mishomanene. Chimwe chinoitika chikuru inhevedzano yokutongwa kwemishumo yokubatwa zvisina kufanira kwevatano kwakapararira mukati menzvimbo dzokuchengetera vatami. Uku kutonga kwakatungamirira kukutangwa kweHSHS Office yeInspector General hirline, kutarisirwa kwakawedzerwa kubva kuHouse Oversight Committee, uye pakupedzisira kudzo yemipimo yetorongo yakahwirutswa iyo yakavandudza nokushuma mitemo.

Mumwe mugumisiro unokosha wakamuka nokutongwa kwemitemo yokuparadzana kwemhuri yakaitwa muna 2018. Uchapupu hunobva kuvana vevana, vaimbova vakuru vakuru vehurumende, uye magweta vanorondedzera kukuvadzwa kwepfungwa kwakaitwa pavana(* uye chinetso chokudzoserazve mhuri) kushora kwemabhiparti. Kutonga kwakaparira kudzorwa kwemuitiro wevakuru vakuru uye kunyandurwa kwakaguma nokuita kuti pave nomuitiro wokubatanidza dare. Vatasvi vemabhiza vakaganhurira kubhadharwa kwemiitiro yakafanana yokuparadzana kwemhuri.

Zvisarudzo zvokushandisa zvinoumbwawo zvakananga nechipupuriro chokunzwa. Gore rimwe nerimwe, muitiro wokutaura unoshandisa pamapepa anonzwa kugadza mwero yemari nokuda kwemibhedha yokusungwa, vatasvi vemiganhu, vatongi vokubuda munyika, uye ruzivo rwokushandiswa kwokuchengetedza. Apo rugwaro rwokunzwa runonzi intefficiencies kana kuti kuputswa kwekodzero, Congress panhambo nenhambo yakaderedza kana kuti kudzorwa kwemari, sezvinoonekwa neganhuriro dzinoiswa pamano eICE kutenga nzvimbo itsva dzokuchengetera pasina kuratidzira wirirano yemipimo.

Kutsoropodza uye Kusakwanisa Kunzwa

Pasinei zvapo noukoshi hwazvo, kutongwa kwedare kune zvikanganiso zvakasanotaurwa zvinoganhurira kubudirira kwavo mukupedza zvinetso zvokuva vatami. Chinokakavadza chinozivikanwa ndechokuti kunzwa kunogona kuderedza kumira muhoro yezvamatongerwe enyika, nemitezo inoshandisa nguva yavo kumira kwakaisvonaka panzvimbo pebvunzo yechokwadi. Ikoku kwakapararira zvikuru munzvimbo dzine miitiro yakakurumbira sedzokubuda munyika, umo varaundi vanowanzova vanotangira panhau yezvirongwa zvechipameso.

Chimwe chisakiso kusarudzwa kwechipupuriro. Zvigaro zvedare zvinogona kugadzira nhau yokunzwa kupfurikidza nokukoka zvapupu zvine mirangariro inowirirana netsananguro yebato vazhinji asi zvichibvisa mirangariro inopesana. Ikoku kunogona kubudisa mufananidzo usina kukwana kana kuti wakajeka wenhau. Kuwedzera, zvapupu zvinobva mumigariro yokusatendeseka zvingasava nguva dzose zvinowana mashoko mamwe chetewo savakuru vehurumende, kuchiita asymmetry mumashoko anopiwa.

Kupfuurirazve, kunyange kunzwa kwakasanopfuudzwa hakuvimbisi chiito chemiitiro. Kuronga kwemitemo kunoreva kuti zvikarakadzo zvizhinji zvinovimbisa zvinokurukurwa mukati mokutonga hazvitongofambiri mberi kuvhoti. Kurumbidza kukuru kunobva mumishumo yedare kungafuratirwa namasangano makuru kana kurudziro dzezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti zviwanikwa zvikasaidzirwa. Kungwarira kwokumanikidzira kuomesazve mamiriro ezvinhu, sezvo masangano anogona pane dzimwe nguva kudzivisa kana kuti kudzosera nhevedzano nokuda kwezvikumbiro zvemashoko kana kuti gadziridzo.

Miitiro Yakanakisisa Nenhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi

Kuwedzera tapuro dzekunzwa kwekuchengetwa kwevatami, miitiro mizhinji yakanakisisa yakaziviswa navachinji vehurumende namapoka ehurumende dzakanaka. Iyoyi inobatanidza kuva nechokwadi chenzvimbo dzapupu dzakadzikama, kubvumira nguva yakakwana nokuda kwokubvunza kunotevera, kubatanidza mibvunzo yakanyorwa nokuda kwechinyorwa kuti zvipedze nzvimbo, uye kuraira masangano kuti atange mhinduro dzakakodzera nguva kukutarisira. Mitemo yokuona mativi akaisvonaka, yakadai sokufambisa zvose zvinonzwika nokunyora zviri nyore kusecha paIndaneti, uyewo kunowedzerawo kuzvidavirira kwavanhu vose.

Kutarira mberi, kunzwa kungangonangidzira ngwariro padenho dziri kubuda dzakadai semhesano dzokuchengetwa kwokupinda munyika nenjere necherekedzo dzokusashanda, kutama kunotapurwa kwemamiriro okunze, uye kuchengetwa kwenguva refu kwokusungwa nokubviswa kwemibato. Kushandiswa kunowedzera kweuchapupu huri kure uye kunzwika chaiko nedenda rinoparirwa neCOVID-19 (kuwedzerawo kutora rutivi, kuchibvumira zvapupu zvinobva mumiganhu kana kuti mamwe masangano kupupurira pasina kuenda kuWashington, DC.

Nokuda kwavanachiremba, vatsigiri, uye mitezo yavanhu vanotsvaka kupinda mumuitiro uyu, zviwanikwa zvakadai se Conrell.gov peji yedare, Office yeUchapupu [[[[FLT:]], uye , [[FLT]] , uye [[FLT]] muitiro weISCIS peji [[ inogovera kusvika kurusando, matura euchapupu, uye mamiko. Kutevera basa ramasangano akafanana ne[FLT:] Migration Policy Institute [[FLT]]]]

mhedziso

Kunzwa kweCongress chinhu chehwaro chehurumende yedemocracy mukudzora kwokusashanda kwevatamiswi. Zvinofumura kukundikana kwemiitiro, zvinogovera nzvimbo yezvivako zvinooneka nokuda kwechinjo dzomutemo. Kunyange zvazvo kusingabviri kukwaniswi neakakwana kushambadzira, mikaha yemajeri, uye kuita mitauro mipfupi, uye mishumo inosimudzirwa imomo inoramba iri mutoo wakarongwa zvikuru neunojeka umo Congress inoita mitoro yayo. Vaya vanotsvaka kunzwisisa kuti United States inorwisana sei nenyika inodzorwa zvikuru, vachisanosangwarira zvinoitika mumakamuri anonzwa. kurukurirano, zvipupuriro, uye mishumo inosimupindwa imomo haisingoratidzi hayo rwisaiwo rwisa kupesana kwezvamatongerwe enyika; vanoumba mitemo, ganhuridzo, uye mipimo inodzora upenyu hwamamirioni, naizvozvo, uye haisiri mumugariro wakanaka nokuda kwegadziriro inodzo inopfuutswa.