Dambudziko Rinowedzera Rechikwereti Chomudzidzi MuAmerica

Chikwereti chechikwereti chevadzidzi chazova chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kunetsa zvemari muUnited States, chichibata vakwereti vanopfuura mamiriyoni 43 uye chinenge chinosvika $17,7 mabhiriyoni. Chikwereti ichi chinopesvedzera kwete bedzi vakwereti asi uyewo upfumi hwepanyika, zvichitapura kuva muridzi wemusha, bhizimisi, uye mari inochengetwa pamudyandigere. Kupindura kuiyi njodzi iri kuwedzera, Chibvumirano chakatendeukira kune chimwe chezvishandiso zvacho zvine simba zvikurusa: kuteerera. Uku kunzwa kunobatira somuteshi wepamutemo nokuda kwevaiti vemitemo kuti vaunganidze uchapupu, vabvunzi vemibvunzo, uye kunzvera zvigadzikiso zvemitemo. Kunzwisisa kuti chikwereti chevadzidzi chikwereti chinopiwa nechikwereti chinowedzera mari yemari kunokosha sei nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anotsvaka kuwana dare rezvokutarisira nzvimbo yenzvimbo yedare rakapoteredza iyi rakaoma.

Basa Rechienzi Rokutongwa Kwemasangano Mumamiriro Etsika

Kutongwa kwedare reCongress kunorongwa nematare eDare reUnited States, Imba yeVamiririri, kana kuti matare anobatira pamwe. Vanoita basa rinokosha mumuitiro wemitemo kupfurikidza nokubvumira mitezo yeCongress kunzvera nhau dzakadzama, kuita kuti masangano ehurumende namasangano avanhu oga azvipikire mutoro, uye kuvaka chinyorwa chavose icho chinogona kuzivisa mutemo wechikwereti chenguva yemberi. Kana chinouya kuchikwereti chavadzidzi, uku kunzwa kunobatira sechishandiso chokuongorora kubudisa zvinetso mukati megadziriro, kuteerera zvakananga kubva kuvakwereti vakata, uye kuyera kushanda kwemapurogiramu avapo serongedzero dzemari yemari nero yebasa rePurifaual Count Loan Forrence.

Mibvunzo inowanzozarukira vanhu uye inowanzotepfenyurwa inogovera kujeka nokubudisa zivo yavanhu. Uku kuoneka kunogona kuwedzera dzvinyiriro pavaiti vemiitiro yokuita chiito. Somuenzaniso, kunzwa kunopa chipupuriro chinogombedzera chinobva kumukwereti akatambura miitiro yemajambwa anogona kunyandura murangariro wavose uye chiito chemitemo. Government Accounting Office ne [[FLT] Conrionational Bac Baby Office kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kacho inogovera kunzvera kuisa mativi emitemo mukati nhambo mukati meinzwi, kugovera nzwisiso yemifungo yenhau iyo.

Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvakaitirwa Mudzidzi Kunzwa

  • ratidzira zvisakiso zvezvisakiso zvechikwereti chinowedzera chemari navadzidzi, kubatanidza vatyairi vesangano vanodhura, mari inochekwa nehurumende, uye basa rokukweretesa mubatanidzwa.
  • inofunga nezvetapuro yemari pavakwereti, mhuri, uye zviratidzo zvemari zvakadai semari inotengwa nemwero yemuridzi.
  • Saka mirau iripo[[FT:1] yakafanana nokubhadharwa mari, zvirongwa zvokukanganwira, uye gadziriro yeSangano reRevisel Corirence Loan Resurence nokuda kwokushanda nokusaita.
  • Vashandi vanorega kubhadhara mhaka [ nokuda kwomufambiro usina kururama, kubatanidza miitiro inonyengera, kushandisirwa kwakaipa kwemibhadharo, uye kukundikana kukurukura zvisarudzo zvokuripira.
  • [ Kuchinja kwemitemo kwepakarepo kwakadai sokupfavisa gadziriro dzokuripira, kubvumira kubhuroka kwechikwereti chavadzidzi, kana kuti kuratidzira kanganwiro yakafara.

Nhoroondo: Zvakaitwa Kuti Chikwereti Chomudzidzi Chive Chinhu Chinokosha Kubva Kuchechi

Njodzi yechikwereti yavadzidzi haina kutanga kamwe kamwe. Gadziriro dzechikwereti chavadzidzi dzeFederal dzakatanga neScommist Education Act ya1965, iyo ine chinangwa chokuita kuti koreji isvike kuvadzidzi vakaderera uye vaiwana mari yapakati pamakore. Mumakumi emakore, mitengo yemari yakakwira zvikuru kupfuura kukwira kwemitengo, nepo mari yaidiwa nehurumende yemayunivhesiti yakaderera. Pakuzosvika kuma19000, chikwereti chemari yakatanhamara chevadzidzi chakanga chapfuura mabhiriyoni $5 000 000 000 (Z $6 000 000 000 000 000).

Muna 2010, Dr. Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act yakabvisa Federal Family Education Loan Program, ichisunda kukweretesa kwose zvakananga kupfurikidza neDhipatimendi reDzidzo. Iyi nhambo yakaita kuti Congress itarisire zvikuru gadziriro yechikwereti chavadzidzi yehurumende. Makore akatevera akarangarira kudzorwa kwakawanda kwokuitwa kwezvirongwa zvemari inobhadharwa, kukundikana kwepurogiramu yePublic Service Loan Forrence, uye kumuka kwemhoshori dzepakoreji. Kunzwa kumwe nokumwe kwakaparira kukura kweboka rouchapupu nemashoko izvo zvakasimbisa kundikanotemwaro yetsika yemari yakabatanidzwa mugadziriro yemari.

Vatambi Vanokosha neZvapupu Mukutonga Kwevadzidzi

Kuteerera kweCongress pamusoro pechikwereti chevadzidzi kunounganidza zvapupu zvakasiyana - siyana, chimwe nechimwe chichipa murangariro wakasiyana.

Vakweretesi Nevatsigiri

Munhu mumwe nomumwe anowanzopa uchapupu hune simba zvikurusa. Nhau dzavo dzomunhu oga dzinoita kuti nhamba dzive dzohunhu uye dzinoratidzira migumisiro chaiyoiyo yenyika yemiitiro yakaipa. Mapoka okusatendeseka akadai se Borrowder Protection Center [ uye [[FLT] Melika Federation of Teacher anowanzotumira vamiririri kuti vakumbiri vakumbire nokuda kwechinjo dzegadziriro. Izvi zvapupu zvinosimbisa kudikanwa kwokuripira kwakapfava, tarisiro iri nani, uye nyaradzo yechikwereti.

Vakuru Vakuru Vehurumende

Vakuru vakuru vanobva hofisi yeDzidzo , Consumer Financial Protection Bureaure, uye Office yeKuzvidavirira [[FLT:]] zvapupu zvenguva dzose. Vanopa majeri pamusoro pokukweretesa, kuzviisa pasi, uye migumisiro. Chipupuriro chavo chinowanzozivisa miganhu mukugadzirwa uye kukarakadza uko chiito choukuru kana kuti mutemo zvinodikanwa.

Nyanzvi Dzezvemari Nenzveri

Nyanzvi dzezvokutsvaka navanzveri vanobva kumasangano akafanana ne Brookings Institution kana FEderal Reserve [ inogovera etscription. Vanokurukura miuyo yemari yechikwereti chavadzidzi — yakadai semari inoderedzwa, mwero yakaderera yemari inotengeswa, uye muridzi wedzimba anononotswa. Ufakazi hwavo hunobetsera kuparira gakavadzano mumugariro wemari.

Vakweretesi Nevashandi

Vamiriri vanobva kuvamiriri vakuru vechikwereti chavadzidzi vakadai saNavient (zvino Sallie Mae) naNelnet vakatarisana nokunzvera kukuru mukunzwa. Vagadziri vemitemo vakanzvera mhesva dzemiitiro yokunyengera, kubatanidza kudzokorora vakwereti mukuva vanotera kutera panzvimbo pegadziriro dzemari inodzorwa uye kukundikana kuronga mapepa nenzira yakafanira eSarvice Loan Forrence. Uku kunzwa kazhinji kazhinji kunoguma nezviito zvokudzosera kana kuti kuchinja kwemitemo.

Kunzwa Kwenhau Kwemisi Ichangobva Kupfuura

Mumakore gumi apfuura, kutongwa kunoverengeka kwave kuchipesvedzera zvikuru mukuumba kurukurirano yemiitiro yechikwereti yavadzidzi.

2015: Dare Rinobetsera Riri Kuteerera Pakoreji Dzezvirongwa

Hwemari, Education, Labor, uye Penssion Committee yakanzvera miitiro yemakoreji anotsiva mhindu akadai seColleges yeKorinte neITT Tech. Ufakazi hunobva kuvaichimbova vadzidzi nezvinyorwa zvomukati hwakazivisa mitoro yakakwirira yechikwereti nemwero yakaderera yokupedza kufunda. Uku kunzwa kwakaparira kuwa kwezvinoverengeka nokuda kweketani dzemhindu ndokutungamirira kukusimba zvikuru [[[FLT:] mirayiro pasi poutungamiriri hweObama. Nepo iyi miraudzo yakaderedzwa gare gare gare, kunzwa kwakaratidzira simba rokutarisira kwedare rehurumende sechekero pashoo yakashata.

2018: Kutarisira Mumba Pakuregerera Vari Kuitirwa Basa Rinoitwa Nevanhu Vose

Uku kunzwa kwakafumura kundikano ine ngwavaira yepurogiramu yePublic Service Loan Forrence (PSLF). Zvapupu zvakazivisa kuti pamakumi ezviuru zvavakumbiri, chikamu chiduku chakagamuchira kanganwiro nemhaka yemipimo yakaoma yokusagona kuita basa nemhosho. Nzeve dzakanyandura chinjo dzehurumende, kubatanidza kukura kwechinguvana kwePSLF pasi pe [[FL:0] PSLF WAIver[[FLM:1] muna 2021, iyo pakupedzisira yakabvumira mabhiriyoni mukanganwiro nokuda kwevabatiri vapachena.

2021: Dare Remari reDare reDare Rinotonga Pamusoro Penjodzi Yevadzidzi

Uku kutongwa kwairatidzira manzwi akatanhamara saElizabeth Warren navezvokukwereta vakakumbira kuti chikwereti chakafara chavadzidzi chibhadharwe. Nepo pasina mutemo wakakurumidza kupfuudzwa, kunzwa kwakakwidziridza nhau kupinda muruzivo rwenyika ndokupesvedzera Purezidhendi Biden gare gare gadziriro yechikwereti. Kunzwa kwakasimbisawo kusawirirana mutsika, kubatanidza kuti vakwereti veBlack neHispanic vanotakura sei mitoro yechikwereti mirefutunu miremunopfupfupfupfupfu.

Kuchinja Kunoita Kunzwa Kunoita Migumisiro

Kunzwawo kunoitwa nedare kunoratidza kuti mashoko anowanzotevedzerwa nenhau anogona kuchinja maonero evanhu uye kuita kuti pave nemamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika.

Somuenzaniso, kunzwa kwemitongo pamushandisi wechikwereti wavadzidzi kwakatungamirira kukutangwa kwe [[FLT: 0] Mudzidzi Loan Borrow Bill of Rights muMitemo mizhinji. Uyu mutemo waizoisa zvinodikanwa zvitsva pavabatiri ndokutanga muitiro wenyunyuto yakarongwa. Kunyange zvazvo chikwereti chisati chapfuudzwa, kutonga kwakava nechinyorwa chezvinetso zvinopfuurira kuparira kurukurirano.

Nenzira yakafanana, kunzwa pamusoro pegadziriro yokuripira mari inotambirwa kwakaratidzira kuti vakwereti vazhinji vakanga vachibhadhara kwamakumi amakore vasingambotapudzi mukuru wavo. Ufakazi ihwohwu hwakaparira kuumbwa kwechirongwa SAVE Plan [ [Kutsvaka Dzidzo Yakakosha] muna 2023, iyo inopa mirangariro mizhinji zvikuru nekanganwiro inokurumidza nokuda kwavakwereti vemwero wakaderera. Depa reDhipatimendi reDzi rinodudza mwedzi yeuchapupuriro yemitezo sechikonzero chikuru chokuisazve basa rokubhadhara mari.

Kuganhurirwa Kwekunzwa Kwemisangano

Pasinei zvapo noukoshi hwavo, nzeve dzedare dzine ganhuriro. Dzinogona kuva dzinoparadzanisa, nemitezo inoshandisa chipupuriro kuwana mapfundo ezvamatongerwe enyika panzvimbo pokupedza zvinetso. Kusarudza Zvapupu kunowanzokweverwa kutsigira zvirongwa zvavazhinji, kuchitungamirira kumashoko asina kukwana kana kuti anosarura. Mukuwedzera, kunzwa hakuwanzoparira miuyo yapakarepo; kunogona kutora makore nokuda kwoufakazi hunopiwa kushandura kuva chiito chemiitiro.

Somuenzaniso, gakava pamusoro pokuti kukanganwira kwevadzidzi chikwereti kunobatsira kana kuti kukuvadza upfumi kunenge kwatosiyana zvikuru. Nepo nyanzvi dzezvemari pakunzwa dzingapa mienzaniso yezvinonyandura, vamwe vanonyevera pamusoro pengozi yetsika uye kuderera kwechisarudzo.

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi: Zvatingakarira Kuutariri Hwemasangano

Sezvo chikwereti chechikoro chinoramba chichinetsa mamiriyoni evanhu vokuAmerica, Dare ringangopa mitongo yakawanda panhau dzinoverengeka dzinopedza nyaya.

Kuwedzera Mubayiro Wamuripi Wemari Yaibhadharwa uye Kushandisa

Imwe nharaunda yengwariro kuita kuti gadziriro dzeripiro dzemari inodzorwa isvike zvikuru uye inongoerekana yavapo. Kunzwa kwakaratidza kuti vakwereti vazhinji vakakodzera havanyoreswi nemhaka yamapepa akaoma. Vaiti vemitemo vari kuongorora mutemo uyo ungangonyoresa vakwereti mugadziriro inotengwa zvikurusa, vachishandisa mashoko okudzosera mutero kusimbisa mari. Kuchinja kwakadaro kungagona kuderedza mwero yakarongwa ndokuvandudza miuyo yokuripira.

Mitemo Yokuchinja Kuitwa Kwebhangi

Pari zvino, zvikwereti zvavadzidzi zvakaoma zvikuru kubhadhara mukubhuroka. Mabhii akafanana ne [[FLT: 0] Loan Bankruptic Reformation Act [[FLT: 1] asumwa pashure pokunge kunzwa kwaziviswa kuti mupimo wazvino uno uno uno unodokuva usingabviri kusangana nawo. Kunzwa kwomunguva yemberi kuchapfuurira kupfuurira kutsinhanhanhamisa nokuda kwechinjo, kuchitaura kuti mutemo uripo unoranga vanoranga vanotarisana nenhamo dzisingadeyi kuonwa.

Kuderedza Kutengwa Kwezvokudya Zvinodya Nyama Kunokwira

Kutongwa kweCongress kuri kugadzirisawo chisakiso chikuru: mutengo wedzidzo yakakwirira. Zvapupu zvakaraira kuti pave nokuwedzera kwemari yehurumende mumakoreji avose, mitengo inodzorwa, uye matanho okuona. Nhau yacho inopomerwa pamusoro pezvamatongerwe enyika, sezvo ichiisa utongi hwamayunivhesiti mukudikanwa kwokuwana mari. Kunyange zvakadaro, kunzwa kunopa chirongwa chenzvimbo yokuitirana nharo chakadai sepurogiramu dzemakoreji dzapachena dzenzanga uye Pell Grants.

Kuwedzera Kuitwa Kwevadzidzi Vanoba Vari Kushandira

Makore akatevera okunzwa kwokunyora kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwevakwereti, Congress iri kurangarira mutemo wokuita mutumbi mumwe, une simba kuvashandisi vechikwereti chavadzidzi. Sarudzori Loan Serviing Accouncial Act inoda vabatiri kusvitsa mipimo mishomanene nechirango nokuda kwokusawirirana. Kunzwa kwakatoisa nheyo yomutemo uyu, uye kutarisirwa kunopfuuridzirwa pakupedzisira kungausunda kugura mutsetse wokupedzisira.

Kunetsa Kwezvikwereti Zvevadzidzi Mune Zvemari Nezvenzanga

Ngozi dzeidzi tere dzinopfuura zvikuru vakwereti vamwe navamwe. Federal Reserve yakacherekedza kuti mwero yakakwirira yechikwereti chavadzidzi inowirirana nokukura kwakaderera kweGDP, sezvo vakuru vaduku vanononoka kutenga zvinhu zvikuru zvoupenyu. Fundo 2023 inobva ku Rooselt Institute [ yakakarakadza kuti kubvisa $50 000 muchikwereti chavadzidzi pamusha mumwe nomumwe kungawedzera GDP kupfurikidza nemabhiriyoni $108 pagore. Zvibvumikiso zvemari zvakadaro zvinogaropindwa mukunzwa kuti zvivake nhau yechiito.

Kurutivi rwenzanga, mukaha wepfuma wedzinza unowedzerwa nechikwereti chavadzidzi. Vakapedza kufunda vekoreji veBlack vane avhareji ye $25 000 kupfuura vezera ravo vechichena, uye vanotora nguva refu kubhadhara. Zvapupu zvakabva kumasangano ekodzero dzavagari vemo zvakashandisa kunzwa kuratidzira iyi misiyano, kusunda nokuda kweyamuro yakaitirwa. aya mapupuriro akapesvedzera mirangariro yokushandisa kanganwiro yechikwereti sechishandiso nokuda kwetsika yedzinza.

Mugumisiro: Zvinoreva Kutongwa Nematare

Kunzwa kweCongress kwakare kure nokushandiswa kwerabha. Iwo mutoo unokosha wetarisiro yedemokrasi nemhindumupindu yetsika. Munzvimbo yechikwereti chemari yechikwereti yavadzidzi, zvakafumura kukweretesa kwechikara, kundikano dzebasa dzakatsikirirwa, uye kukwidziridza manzwi avakwereti avo vangadai vasina kunzwiwa. Nepo nzira yemitemo inoramba ichinonoka uye ichikakavara, ufakazi hunounganidzwa mumakamu anonzwa mhiri kwaCapitol Hill hunopfuurira kuumba gakavariro nechinjo inodzokorodzano.

Kumunhu upi noupi anofarira nguva yemberi yemitemo yechikwereti chavadzidzi, kutevera uku kutonga kunokosha. Vanogovera purojeti muzvinhu zvokutanga zvemitemo zvavakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa, mashoko azvino uno pamusoro pemiuyo yokukwereta, uye zvikarakadzo zvemitemo izvo rimwe zuva zvingapa rusununguko kumamirioni eAmerica. Sezvo chinetso chechikwereti chavadzidzi chinovapo, saizvozvowo basa reDare mukuikurukura — uye kutongwa kucharamba kuri nhandare yokutanga yekurukurirano iyoyo inotambudza.

Zviwanikwa Zvakabva Kune Vamwe Vangaverengazve

  • Office yedare inozvidavirira — Mishumo nechipupuriro pamapurogiramu echikwereti chavadzidzi vehurumende.
  • [ Office yeBajeti — fungidziro dzeNdyiko nenzvero dzemari dzezvikarakadzo zvechikwereti zvevadzidzi.
  • [[[[NHAU] REBLICRY – Department of Education — mitemo yapamutemo nemirau inokarakadzwa nokuda kweyamuro yevadzidzi.
  • [[FLT: 0] Pew Research Center: Mudzidzi Loans[[FLT: 1] — Tsitsi nenzvero pamusoro pechiverengero chavagari vemo vanokwereta nezvimiro zvendangariro.
  • [[FFLT:0] Consumer Financial Protection Bureau: Mudzidzi Loans — midziyo yeBorrow uye mashoko okunyunyuta.