Mitemo Yehurumende: Chimiro Chenyika

Mitemo yematunhu inogadzwa neUnited States Congress uye yakasainwa naPrezidenti, kana kuti kupfuudzira paveto. Inoshanda zvakafanana kuyambuka nyika dzose dzine makumi mashanu, U.S. ndima, uye District of Columbia. Iyi mitemo inowana chiremera chayo kubva kuU.S. Constitution, inopa masimba chaiwo anodudzwa kuhurumende yehurumende, akadai sesimba rokudzora kutengeserana kwezvinezwe, mari yemari, inozivisa hondo, uye inogadza mahofisi eposi. SSBremmate Clausce [[ yeBumbiro remitemo remitemo (Actle, Clauslee, 2) inogadza mutemo wehurumende ndi "mutemo wenyika, unoreva mutemo wenyika unopesana."

Mitemo yehurumende ine nyaya dzakawanda dzinobata vanhu veAmerica vose.Nzvimbo dzinokosha dzinosanganisira:

  • Chechikodzero: Chibvumirano cheChibvumirano chekodzero dzavanhu cha 1964, Voting Rights Act, uye vaAmerica vane Urema Chiratidzo chinodzivisa rusaruro rwakavakirwa padzinza, ruvara, rudzidziso, vatano, mavambo orudzi, urema, uye mamwe mavara akadzivirirwa. Iyi mitemo inoumba basa, pokugara, dzidzo, uye pokugara.
  • [ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  • Kutora nokunatsa: mutemo weFederal uyo ungapinda munyika, kuwana mavhiza, kuva mugari wechigarire wapamutemo, kana kuti kudzingwa. Immigration and Nationality Act ndiwo mutemo mukuru.
  • [[Nto: 0] Dziviriro yeMhenga yeMhepo: Mitemo yakadai seChrea Air Act, Clean Water Act, uye National Environmental Policy Act inogadza mipimo munyika yose yokudzora kushatisa, kuchengetedza mazai, uye shambidziko.
  • Heathcare: Affordble Care Act (ACA) yakatanga mirau yehurumende yeinishuwarenzi youtano, memedhidhi, uye mirairo yomunhu oga. Medicare neMedicaid ipurogiramu dzakatangwa mubatanidzwa.
  • CHENGETESTEC: The Commerce Claus inobvumira Congress kudzora kutengeserana kunodzorwa nenzvimbo dzehurumende. Ikoku kunofukidza chinhu chiri chose kubva kumitemo inorwisana nongedzero yevimbiso kusvikira kukotsekano yezvokudya nemirimo (FDA) uye chibereko chekotsekano yomutengi (CPSC).

Mitemo yehurumende inotongerwa nemasangano ehurumende (muchib., Department of Justice, Environmental Procespective Agency Agency, Aumement Opportunity Commission) uye inosungirwa mumatare ehurumende, kubatanidza matare eruwa, matare edunhu okukwirira, uye Dare Repamusorosoro reUnited States.

Mitemo yeHurumende: Kubvumira Kwenyika

Mitemo yehurumende inogadzwa nemitemo yehurumende (uye pane dzimwe nguva inosarudzwa zvakananga kupfurikidza nezvirongwa zvokuvhota) uye inosainwa nagavhuna. Inoshanda bedzi mukati memiganhu yehurumende iyoyo. Tenuth Amendment kumiganhu yeBumbiro reMitemo yose haisati yapiwa kuhurumende yehurumende, kana kuti kurambidzwa kuhurumende. Uku kupiwa kwechiremera kwakafara kunobvumira nyika kudzora nhau dzakawanda dzezuva nezuva dzinotapura zvakananga vagari vemo.

Mitemo yehurumende inosiyana - siyana.

  • Tsika: United States inogadza zvikamu zvechikoro, kutanga maruwa ezvikoro, inodzora magwaro epepa emudzidzisi, uye inogovera mari nokuda kwezvikoro zvavose (kazhinji kazhinji mubatira pamwe nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo).
  • : rezinesi rokutyaira reUnited States, motokari dzinonyoresa, mirau yemotokari, uye chengetera migwagwa mikuru mukati memiganhu yayo. Miganhu yekumhanya, miganhu, uye mitemo yechigaro inosiana nehurumende.
  • Mutemo woutsotsi: Utsotsi hwakawandasa hwunopambwa(pashure, denho, kuponda, mhosva dzemirimo) inorondedzerwa nokurangwa mumutemo wehurumende. Imhosva chaidzo bedzi dzehurumende (imo., kutengesa mirimo kwenyika, kuba kwebhangi, kunyengedza) dzinowira pasi pehurumende.
  • Mutemo Wemhuri:[[[FLT: 1] roorano, chatanuro, kodzero yokuchengeta mwana, kurera mwana, uye ukama hwapamusha inhau huru.
  • [[[FOL:0] purofiti neMapitsi: kutengeserana kwenzvimbo, ukama hwemuridzi, zvido nenzvimbo, uye zvibvumirano zvebhizimisi zvinodzorwa nemirau yenyika nomutemo wavose.
  • Urongi hwebhizimisi neProfessional Registration: rezinesi reState, magweta, vamiriri venzvimbo, vagadziri vedzimba, uye mamwe mabasa mazhinji. Vanodzorawo mabasa okubatanidza uye ebhizimisi mukati mehurumende.
  • Incurence and Health: nyika dzinodzora makambani einishuwarenzi nemiraudzo (musha, utano) kupfurikidza namadhipatimendi einishuwarenzi. Dzimwe nyika dzakakudza Medicaid kupfuura zvinodikanwa zvomubatanidzwa.

Mitemo yenyika inotongerwa nemasangano ehurumende, mapurisa ehurumende, uye kuchengetwa kwemitemo munzvimbo yacho.

Kudzivirira Kwazvingaita Mitemo Yenyika

Pfundo guru nderokuti kazhinji kazhinji] dziviriro dzinokudziridza dzinopfuura dzinoda mutemo womubatanidzwa, chero bedzi dzisingapokanidzi mirau yomubatanidzwa. Somuenzaniso:

  • Nepo mari shoma yehurumende iri $7,25 paawa (somuna 2025), nyika dzakawanda dzakagadza mibhadharo yakakwirira zvikuru.
  • Mitemo inorwisana nekusawirirana inogona kugovera muganhu, asi migariro inogona kuwedzera mapoka akadzivirirwa akadai sechimiro chevatano, kuzivikanwa kwavanhukadzi, kana kuti mugariro weroorano.
  • Mitemo yemhoteredzo: California ine mipimo yorumano zvikuru inobudisa motokari kupfuura zvinodikanwa zvehurumende, izvo EPA yakabvumira kupfurikidza nezvinoderedza.
  • Mhuri yePaid ichienda: Hapana purogiramu yezororo yemhuri inobhadharwa yehurumende iripo, asi nyika dzinoverengeka (munzira, California, New York, Massachusetts) dzakagadza mitemo yadzo dzimene inobhadharwa.

Zvisinei, kana mutemo wehurumende uchirwisana nomutemo womubatanidzwa (muchitsauko, hurumende inoedza kunyoresa pamutemo chinhu chakarambidzwa nehurumende kufanana nembanje), hurumende yehurumende inogona kungosimbisa mutemo womubatanidzwa, kunyange zvazvo zvinotanga kuitwa zvokuchengeta zvichisiyana.

Kupindirana Kunoita Mitemo Yehurumende Nehurumende: Ukama Hwakaoma Kunzwisisa

Mitemo yebumbiro remitemo yenyika uye dzidziso dzinokosha dzinodzora apo dzinopindirana kana kuti kurwisana.

Mutambo Wokuzvitutumadza waClaus uye Kusunungurwa

Sezvadudzwa, Supremacy Claus inopa mutemo wehurumende muromo mukuru. Ikoku kunotungamirira kudzidziso ye dandadziro. Apo Congress inoronga kugara mumunda chose chose, mutemo wehurumende unobviswa chose chose. Somuenzaniso, mutemo wehurumende unodzora chose chose nzvimbo dzesimba renyukireya; hurumende haigoni kugadza mipimo yavo vamene yekotsekano nokuda kwavaiti vemibato. Muzvimwe zviitiko, Congress ingagadza uriri, inobvumira nyika kuwedzera zvinodikanwa zvakasimba (somubhadharo muduku). Dare rinosarudza mibvunzo yokubvisa pasati paitika rwisano.

Kusunungurwa kunogona kuratidzirwa (mutemo womubatanidzwa unotaura zvakajeka kuti hurumende hadzigoni kuita chiito munharaunda iyoyo) kana kuti kurehwa (gadziriro yomubatanidzwa yakakwana kwazvo zvokuti haisati ichisiya nzvimbo yechiito chehurumende). zvisarudzo zveDare Rapamusoro reUnited States kazhinji kazhinji zvinopedza idzi nharo.

Masimba Achiripo: Uko Matanho Ose Ari Maviri Anoshanda

Munharaunda dzakawanda, dzose dziri mbiri hurumende dzehurumende dzehurumende nedzehurumende dzine chiremera. Idzodzi dzinozivikanwa se simba renguva dzose. Mienzaniso inobatanidza:

  • [[FOL:0] Kubhadharwa: Zvose zviri zviviri zvinoisa mitero yemari, kunyange zvazvo mwero womubatanidzwa wakakwirira zvikuru. United States inoisawo mitero yokutenga, mitero yenzvimbo, uye mitero yapakarepo.
  • Kudzikamiswa kwemipimo yetsika: EPA inogadza mipimo yorudzi, asi hurumende dzinogona kushandisa ndokushandisa mipimo iyoyo (imo., kupfurikidza nokushandisa gadziriro dzehurumende pasi peChiteshi cheEair Act).
  • [[FLT: 0] pamutemo weFederal unodzora zvinoitika zvokubhuroka, asi unotaura kuti vakwereti vezvinhu vanogona kuhesvurisa chii.
  • :[[FT:1] mirau yemadhipatimendi neawa inoshanda, asi masangano anogona kuwedzera dzimwe dziviriro (imo, nguva yezvokudya, mitemo yomuraudzo).

Kana zvose zviri zviviri zvichidzora basa rimwe chetero, vanhu vamwe navamwe namabhizimisi vanofanira kuwirirana nezvose zviri zviviri zvinodikanwa, kutoti vakapesana.

Kutenda Kwakazara Nechikwereti zvaClaus

Chikamu IV cheBumbiro reMitemo chinoda nyika kuremekedza "mabasa avose, zvinyorwa, uye kutonga" zvedzimwe nyika. Ikoku kunoreva roorano inoitwa pamutemo mune imwe nyika inofanira kuzivikanwa kazhinji kazhinji mune imwe, uye rutongeso rwedare runobva kune imwe nyika runogona kuchengetwa mune imwe. Zvisinei, iyi mirau haidzivisi migariro kuva nemitemo yakasiana (mhindei, imwe nyika haina mutero wokutenga; ine imwe).

Kushandira Pamwe Nouchangamire Hwehurumende

Ganhuriro ikamukwaniridzo yebumbiro remitemo yesimba pakati pehurumende yenyika.

Zvidzidzo Zvinoshanda: Kukutapura Kwaunoita Mitemo Iyi Zuva Riri Rose

Kunzwisisa kubatanidzwa kwomutemo wehurumende nowehurumende hakusi kurovedzana kwedzidzo, kune migumisiro chaiyoiyo nokuda kwekodzero dzako, misengwa, uye zvisarudzo zvezuva nezuva.

Basa Nekodzero Dzebasa

Kodzero dzako pabasa dzinoumbwa nemitemo yose iri miviri yehurumende nehurumende. Mutemo weFederal unoisa mubatanidzwa wemari inotambira mari shomanene, zororo renguva yomuraudzo (Fair Labor Standard Act), kotsekano yebasa (OSHA), kurwisana nediscrinition (Titale VII), uye zororo rezvokurapa remhuri. Asi mutemo wehurumende ungakupa maruramiro okuwedzera: mari shomanene, zororo remhuri rinobhadharwa, dziviriro dzorumano dzinodzivisa kuganhurirwa, uye betsero dzourovhaka. Apo mutemo wako wehurumende unogovera zvinopfuura mutemo womubatanidzwa, muteshi wako anofanira kutevera mutemo. Kana mutemo wehurumende une uriri hwepasi peji nehurumende uye mutemo wehurumende (re), mutemo unonyanyofara zvikuru unoshanda.

Varidzi Vebhizimisi Nevanoshinga

Kana ukatanga bhizimisi, unofanira kuwirirana nemirairo yose iri miviri yehurumende (muremo, mushandisi Identification nhamba, mutero wehurumende wokunyima, kubvisa, mhoteredzo kana zvichibvira) nemirau yehurumende (zvikurukuru, kunyoresa kwebhizimisi, mitero yehurumende, mari inobhadharwa, inishuwarenzi yeurovhasi). Mamwe maindasijeri / anoba, zvokufambisa, anotepfekedzerwa zvikuru nehurumende. Mamwe (8.restaurants, mute, shopu, kugadzirwa.)

Dzimba Nezvivako Chaizvo

Mutemo weFederal unorambidza kutsauranisa dzimba (Parati reImba yeSangano reHurumende). Mutemo wehurumende ungawedzera masangano akadzivirirwa zvikuru uye unogovera miitiro yokuita kuti zvinhu zvirambe zviripo. Ukama hweLonderword hunodzorwa nohunenge hwose nemutemo womunzvimbomo, kubatanidza ganhuriro dzechengeteko, miitiro yokudzinga, mipimo yokugara, uye kudzora (panobvumirwa nomutemo wehurumende). Mutemo weFederal unotapurawo dzimba kupfurikidza nemirairo yokuchengeta chikwereti (Truth in Lending Act), zvinodikanwa zveinishuwarensi yeinishuwarenzi, uye zvikwereti zvedzimba dzakaderera dzinowanwa.

Kodzero Dzepamutemo Dzomunhu Oga Nedziviriro Yemutengi

Kodzero dzako somutengi dzinodzivirirwa nemitengo yose iri miviri. Mutemo weFederal unofukidza chengeteko yezvigadzirwa (Conssumer Product Safety Commission), zvokudya nekotsekano yemirimo (FDA), zvokwadi mukukweretesa, uye kuva woga (zvikurukuru, HIPAA nokuda kwamashoko outano, Gramm-Leliley yemari imwe neimwe). Hurumende inopa dziviriro dzokuwedzera dzemitengo: mitemo yeremoni yemotokari dzakashata, miitiro yokushambadzira bhizimisi, maregita, maregistra, uye ganhuriro dzemari dzinodzorwa. Magweta mukurusa wehurumende kazhinji kazhinji anosungisa mitemo yemari.

Ruramisiro Youtsotsi: Unogona Kupondwa Kaviri Here?

Mudzidziso mbiri dzouchangamire, dzose dziri mbiri hurumende dzehurumende nedzehurumende dzinogona kukupomera nokuda kwomufambiro mumwe chetewo kana ukaputsa zvose zviri zviviri mutemo wenyika nehurumende. Chirambidzo cheFindth Amendment chinodzivisa bedzi kurovererwa kuviri nechiremera chimwe chetecho. Nokudaro, mumwe munhu anobira bhangi rakabhangi rakasungwa nehurumende anogona kupiwa mhaka muhurumende uye nehurumende nokuda kwokuba (/) uye anotarisana nemiedzo nezvirango zviviri zvakaparadzana. Ikoku hakusati kuchizivikanwa asi kunoitika.

Nhau Dzemhuri Nedzemunhu Oga

Roorano, chatanuro, kuchengetwa kwavana, uye nhaka inhau dzinenge dzose. Zvisinei, mutemo wehurumende unogona kutapura betsero dzehurumende dzakabatanidzwa nenzvimbo yeroorano (sezvinei, betsero dzeSocial Security dzinopukunyuka, kutsigira vagari vemo). Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) yakaparadzwa zvishoma, uye zvino roorano dzevatano dzevatano imwe chetedzo dzinozivikanwa muhurumende nemhaka yeObergefell v. Hodges (2015), iyo inodavirawo kuti maruramiro ezvokubuda munyika uye kuziva roorano dzakadaro.

Kuramba Uchiziva: Kwokuwana Mashoko Akavimbika

Pano pane zvinhu zvine simba:

  • Mitemo yeMitemo yeChirevo: Tragip yeU.S. inowanika pa [[FLT:] code. house.gov.Congress.gov inogovera revo remite yemitemo nenhau yewiso. Cornell Legal Information Institute inopawo shanduro yakasano : [[FLT:] mutemo.corell /ucrode /uscrode
  • Mitemo yeruwa: Website yedare rehurumende imwe neimwe inobudisa mirau yayo. Vazhinji vanosechwa kupfurikidza ne Conference of State Legislatures [NCSL] , iyo inopfupikisa mirau yemitemo pamisoro yakasiana----- siyana.
  • Mibvunzo yemitemo: Nokuda kwenhau dzomunhu oga, bvunza gweta rine rezinesi munyika yako. Sangano zhinji dzehurumende dzemibato inopa mabasa. Vanhu vanowana pasi vangakwanirisa nokuda kweyamuro yapamutemo.
  • Courts neManikitension: Website yeU.S. ( courts.gov) inotsanangura dare rehurumende redare rehurumende. matare ehurumende ane mawebsite awo amene. Dare reSanihemoni ( ruramisiro.gov]) rinogovera mashoko pamusoro pezvokuchengeta mutemo.

Mugumo: Kutakura Madanho

Gadziriro yapamutemo yeAmerica igadziriro yemitemo inodzorwa neinofambidzana yehurumende nehurumende. Nepo mutemo wehurumende uchigadza mipimo yenyika ndokutanga, mutemo wehurumende unogovera chinjo yenharaunda inodenha uye kazhinji kazhinji unopa dziviriro huru. Kunzwisisa iri gadziriro iri mbiri kunokukupa simba rokushandisa maruramiro ako, kuita misengwa yako, uye kudzivisa mhinganidzo dzapamutemo. Kana uri kutanga bhizimisi, kutenga musha, kubata nenhau yebasa, kana kuti kutarisana nekurukurirano yapamutemo, kuziva miganhu yose iri yose iri yapamutemo kunokosha. Nemhaka yokuti mitemo inochinja kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji (8), miraudzo, uye zvisarudzo zvedare (h) kubvunza manyuko ehurumende kana kuti mutongi anokwaniriswa inzira yakanakisisa yokugara nako. Uyu mutungamiriri wemutauro wakaderera ipfundo rapamberi, kwete kutsiva zano repamutemo rapamutemo rakarongwa kumugariro wako chaiwo.