Kumanikidza Mutemo weHurumende Nemabasa Awo Mukudzivirira Ugandanga

Nyika yechengeteko yenyika muUnited States yakavakirwa pamuenzaniso wedziviriro. Nepo masangano ehurumende akadai seFederal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) neDhipatimendi reHomeland Security (DHS) kazhinji kazhinji achibata ngwariro yavose, mutoro mukuru wechengeteko yavose wezuva nezuva unovakirwa chose chose pamasangano ehurumende emitemo. aya masangano (jeri ) kubva kumapurisa ehurumende nemigwagwa inofambira mberi kuhurumende kuti akurumidze kudzora kuongorora ugandanga, sezvo anosanonangana nezvinoitika zveAmerica zvinorwisana nehurumende. Chifo chezvinoitika zvinotyisa zvaSeptember 11, 2001, basa ramasangano aya rakachinja nenzira inoshamisa, kubva pakuchengetwa kwemitemo yegamuchidzanwa kuenda kukuva pamutemo kukuva dziviriro kwehurumende. Kunzwisisa mitoro yehurumende yomutemo mukudzivisa ugandanga, sezvo zvichigovera mamiriro ezvinhu akajeka zvikuru kuoneka zvikuru pamusoro pezvipo zvenyika inopa tyisidziro kudzivirira sei, zvinodzodzodzo dzinodzorwa kudzorwa, izvo zvinofanira kudzivirira kudzivirira kukuvadziri.

Masangano anoisa mutemo wehurumende anoshanda sesimba rokumanikidza nokuda kwenhamburiko dzehurumende dzinodzivisa ugandanga. Ane simba munharaunda huru dzenzvimbo, kubatanidza nzvimbo dzomumaruwa nedzomumaruwa umo mapurisa omunzvimbomo angashaiwa zviwanikwa nezvishandiso zvehurumende zviripo zvishoma. Zivo yavo huru yenzanga dzomunzvimbomo, zvirongwa zvemasangano outsotsi inovaita kuti vazive zviratidzo zvakavanzika zvokuronga kwemagandanga. Nokubatanidza kuungana kwoungwaru, kuita zvinhu nokukurumidza, uye kubuda kwenzanga, masangano ehurumende anoita basa rakafara uye rakakura zvikuru. Nyaya ino inoongorora mitoro, zvirongwa zvokushanda, uye zvinetso zvinoramba zvichirondedzera kudzivirira kwougandanga munhambo kwougandanga munhambo yazvino unovapo namazuva ano.

Kuunganidza Nouchenjeri Nokugoverana

Fandesheni yezvougandanga zvinobudirira inoshanda panguva yakakodzera uye yakarurama. Masangano ehurumende anodzika mitemo azova magodhi makuru munyika dzine ungwaru, achichinja kubva pakuongorora zvinhu zvinongoda kuunganidza mashoko. Kuchinja uku kunoda mitemo inotevedzerwa, mano okuwedzera, uye kubatana kwakasimba kwemashoko.

Basa Renzvimbo Dzinochengeterwa Mhuka

Chikuru kuiyi mibato youchenjeri inzvimbo dzehurumende nenzvimbo huru dzeguta. Iyi misha inobatira semukoto mukuru wemashoko okugoverana pakati pomubatanidzwa wehurumende, hurumende, nzvimbo, ndudzi, uye nzvimbo. DHS National Network yeFusion Centers inorerutsa kuparadzirwa kwouchenjeri hwezvikamu zvehurumende, kuvimbisa kuti mashoko etyisidziro anokosha anosvika avo vanoada zvikurusa pamwero wemugwagwa. Masangano ehurumende anoshanda mukati medzidzi nzvimbo kuti azivise uchenjeri hunobva kumanyuko akawanda, kubatanidza mibato inonyumwira (SARS), kuvhura mano okusa (OSNT), uye tsinhiro dzenzvimbo dzinobva kumapurisa omunharaunda. Nzvimbo dzekuvhura dzinobetsera kubudisa tyisidziro, dzinobatanidza zvikamu zvinoshatsatsamura zvemiteo yemibato yemari inozivisa zvirongwa nokuputsa zvirongwa. Kupfurikidza nokuwadza uku, kuvimbisa kuti kutengwa kwechimwe chiteshi chamutoo chitsaruso chinozivikanwa mumufananidzo chinozivikanwa mumufananidzo chakaitwa.

Kushuma Mubato Kunovimbisa (SAR) Nenhevedzano Youngwaru

Masangano ehurumende ane mutoro mukuru wokushandisa Nationaluniver Slave Accounting Report (SAR). Uyu muitiro wetsika unopa vakuru vakuru vemitemo navoruzhinji mashoko ezviito zvingaratidzira mufambiro usati washandiswa namagandanga, zvakadai sokuongorora, kuongorora, kana kuti kuwana zvinhu zvokushandisa pakurwisa. Masangano ehurumende anorovedza vakuru vakuru vavo kuti vazive izvi uye vaise zvakakwirira zveSAR. Kana zvapiwa, aya mashoko anopinda munhengedzo ine mano akakomba: kuronga nokutungamirira, kuronga, kuronga, kubudisa, kubudisa, uye kuparadzira. Analyst munmentalgotory quess aongorora mashoko, anoyera kuyera kuyera kuyera uye kukosha kwazvo, uye anoaparadzira kuhama dzakakodzera. Kunzvera uku kugadziridza kuiswa kwezviito zvisina kuoma kuti zviitwe, kugona kudzorwa nokudzorwa kwezvirongwa.

Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Runonyengera Nokuda Kwoungwaru

Kutevedzerwa kwemitemo yehurumende kwazvino uno kunoshandisa unyanzvi hwakaoma kutsigira mabasa ouchenjeri. Ikoku kunobatanidza motokari dzinobatanidza marata erezenisi (LPR) dzinobatanidzwa nokutarira mitsetse, zvishandiso zvesocial wirirano zvinonzvera pachena mashoko anowanika nokuda kwokutaura kwemhesano, uye mashoko akakwirira anodzokororwa anoshandiswa pamapupusgrate outsotsi. Zvisinei, mano aya anouya nomutoro mukuru mukuru. Masangano anofanira kuomerera chose chose chose kuva echivande, kodzero dzevagari vemo, uye dziviriro dzehurumende kuti kuungana kwouchenjeri kusadzoredzere mabasa omutemo kana kuti kudzosera nzanga. Mabhii anoshanda ezvirongwa zvechibharo, uye kungwa kwamashoko zvino pamutemo zvino mativi ose ehurumende ezvokuchenjera, kuchengeteka kuvimbika apo anoramba kuchengeteka kuchengeteka.

Matanho Okudzivirira Nokukuvadzwa

Kudzivirira chinangwa chikuru chokudzivisa ugandanga. Masangano ehurumende anoshandisa nzira yokudzivirira nayo zvinhu zvakawanda inosanganisira kuongorora ngozi, kudzivirira zvinhu, uye kuvimbisana munzanga.

Mabhakitiriya Ane Ngozi uye Anoisa Pangozi

Masangano ehurumende anoshandisa nzira dzokunzvera tyisidziro dzakarongwa kuti aise zvinhu nenhamburiko. DHS Risk Management Formary, somuenzaniso, inobetsera masangano kuyera tyisidziro dzakavakirwa pavavariro namano evavengi, miuyo yedenho dzinobudirira. Vanonzvera vehurumende vanoramba vachiyera nzvimbo yetyisidziro, vachirangarira zvinhu zvakadai separadziro yamarudzi ose, pesvedzero yamasimba masimba yapamusha (HVE), uye kunzvera uku kunoshanda kwounyanzvi. Kugadziridza, mishumo yezvinoitika yazvino uno, mishumo yengwariro, uye migariro yomunzvimbomo. Vanonzvera vanonzvera vanoramba vachiyera migariro yechengeteko, mitsvairo yemipinduko, mitsvairo yemitengo, uye kuwanda kwezviteshi yamabasa ezvokuchengeta zvinhu panzvimbo dzinotsoropodza.

Dziviriro Inokosha

Nyika dzine zvitsama zvikuru zvegadziriro dzemagetsi, kubatanidza nzvimbo dzemagetsi, nzvimbo dzokufambisa, mabhiriji, uye nzvimbo dzokuchengetera makemikoro. Kudzivirira zvinhu izvi kubva pakudenha kwemagandanga mutoro mukuru wehurumende. Masangano emitemo anochengetedza hurumende anoita zvirongwa zvokusaiswa mungozi, kutanga zvirongwa zvokudzivirira, uye kuita zvirongwa zvenguva dzose zvemagetsi. Zvinoshanda pamwe chete neCybersecurity neInfraclactive Security Agency yeCy (CISA) kuti zviwane zvinhu, kurovedza, uye kutyisidzira mashoko akananga kumasangano 16 anokosha. Muzvikamu zvizhinji, masangano anogadza mapoka edziviriro anoisa michina inochengeteko inochengetedzwa inochengetedzwa nevashandi voga vemo, zvichisimudzira mhoteredzo inobatira pamwe chete nhevedzano nokuedza, kuongorora zvirongwa zvokudzivirira nokudzivirira.

Ugandanga Hwamadhiragi uye Kutyisidzira Kwemadhigirii

Munyika inowedzera kubatanidzwa, kudziviswa kwegadziriro yemakombiyuta kwazova mutoro mukuru wehurumende. Masangano anodzika mitemo yehurumende akavamba mibato yeIndaneti inoongorora kuvhura, kurwisa kwerudzikinuro, uye basa reIndaneti. Mapoka aya anoshanda kudzivirira denho pamibatanidzwa yehurumende, mabhizimisi emunhu oga, uye zvinhu zvinoda kugadziriswa. Anoita basa rokuvhima, kuongorora marara, uye magirabhurari ehurumende. Kukwira kwekurukurirano dzakavandika kunopa chinetso chikuru, kazhinji kazhinji kunonongedzerwa sechinetso che "Going Dark", umo kudzikamisa mutemo kutadza kuwana manyuko okukurukurirana nemitemo kunyange netendero pamutemo. Hurumende iri kusimudzira zvigadziko dzomutemo uye mashandiro akakwirira okufambisa zvinhu zvesayenzi kuti ifambire nyika iyi yemakombiyuta.

Kupindura Nokugadzirira Kwekurumidziro

Masangano anochengetedza mutemo wehurumende anofanira kunge akagadzirira kuita chimwe chinhu nokukurumidza, zvinobudirira, uye achishanda pamwe chete nevakaroorana vakawanda.

Sangano reNational Infement Management System (NIMS) uye Chirairo Chakakomba

Masangano ehurumende anoshanda pasi peNational Incident Management Management System (NIMS), gadziriro yakatarwa yokutarisira zviitiko zvemarudzi ose noukuru. NISM inogovera mutauro wavose negadziriro yesangano, ichiita kuti pave nokubatana kusina mubatanidzwa pakati pehurumende, nzvimbo, nyika, uye ndudzi. Pamwoyo weNIMS iIMS iIcondent Semily (ICS), inogadza nzvimbo yevafundisi nemabasa anorondedzerwa zvakajeka nokuda kwemirairo, mabasa, kuronga, kuronga, zviitiko zvemari. Mukati chiitiko chemagandanga, kuchengetwa kwomutemo kwehurumende kuchatora basa rinotungamirira mukati meICS, kubatana namadhipati ezvokurapa, mabasa ezvokurapa, masangano ezvoutano avose (apo anotungamirira kunzvera utsotsi) uye syna chinoumba dare rehurumende. Kubvumira kubatana nehurumende kubvumira kushanda pamwe chete nehurumende zviri pamutemo.

Zvikwata Zvinogamuchira Zvakanyatsokodzera

Masangano ehurumende anochengeta mapoka eunyanzvi anokwanisa kuita chimwe chinhu kuzviitiko zvinotyisidzira zvikuru. Aya anobatanidza mapoka eZvombo chaizvo neTC (WAT) Explorasive Ordnance Disposial (EOD) mapombi ezvokushandisa zvine ngozi, zvinhu zvine ngozi (HazMat), uye Crisis Negotiation Toams. Masangano aya anorovedza basa, anopfuurira kurovedza kuti abate zviitiko zvinoshanda, mamiriro ezvinhu okutapa vanhu, makemikari kana kuti njodzi dzomuviri, uye tyisidziro dzinoputika. Masangano akawanda anewo akatsaurira kutsigira nokukurumidza zviteshi zvehurumende yomunzvimbomo. Mano anokwanisa kuunza izvi zvinhu zvinorema kuti zvivere nokukurumidza ndiwo mativi ehurumende yakagadzirwa.

Kutarisira Kwekurumidziro Neyamuro Yavose

Kuda kuita kwougandanga kunoshanda kunoda kuwirirana zvikuru namasangano ehurumende anotarisira njodzi. Kuchengeteka kwehurumende kunoronga kuita kuchengeteka kwose kwose kwehurumende, nepo kutarisirwa kwekurumidziro kuchiita zvikumbiro zvezvipikirwa, nyevero dzavose, uye kunaya kwenguva refu. Chishandiso chikuru muiyi nhamburiko iEmergency Management Implation Company (EMAC), chibvumirano cheyamuro inobvumira nyika kukumbira uye kugamuchira zvinhu zvinobva kune dzimwe nyika mukati menjodzi kana kuti njodzi. EMAC inogonesa mukuru wemapurisa weTexas kushandira zviri pamutemo muOklakh mukati me chiitiko chemitenzi inotenzi isati yapazarira, ichivimbisa kuti iwezve inoshanda nemidziyo yenguva dzose inodiwa.

Kurovedza uye Kungwarira Vanhu

Masangano ehurumende anochengetedza mutemo anoisa mari yakawanda mukurovedza vashandi vavo nokudzidzisa vanhu vavanoshanda navo.

Kurovedza Varwi Kuti Vasabatwa Nougandanga

Rovedzo huru yokuchengeta mutemo zvino inobatanidza michina inobatanidza mipimo inobatanidza kuziva kwougandanga, kungwarira tsika, uye kudzorwa kwemasangano ehurumende. Masangano ehurumende anopfuurira kupfurikidza nokupa makosi akakwirira, akanyanya. Mutemo weEdvanced Law Enforcement Rapid Reformation Transformation (ALRRRRT), somuenzaniso, inogovera rovedzo yakavakirwa paufakazi nokuda kwezvinoitika zvinoshanda. Hurumende inotumawo vakuru vakuru vakuru veFederal Law Inforcement Traing Centers (FLETC) nokuda kwokuraidzwa pamusoro pekunzvera kwechikero, kunzvera kwouchenjeri, uye kungwa kwa WMDD. Hurumende inowanzokuruka rovedzoka rovedzo ivakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vezvinoitika zvinodzorwa mumigariro nhevedzano nhevedzano yemiedzo, kubva mukudzorwa kwemotokari kwemifungo yakaoma.

Purogiramu Dzetsamba Dzokunyorerana Zvibvumirano

Zvirongwa zvakawanda zvinopa zvirongwa zvokunyorera magwaro etsoropodzo muzvirongwa zvinorwisana nougandanga. Izvi zvinobatanidza zvibvumikiso zvenyanzvi dzinoongorora ungwaru, zviitiko zvoutsotsi zvinonyanya kuoneka muzviitiko zvougandanga, uye vaongorori veIndaneti. Zvirongwa izvi zvinotanga mipimo yenyanzvi uye zvinoita kuti pave nenyanzvi dzenhau dziri mukati mesangano racho. Masangano ehurumende anodzidzisawo varayiridzi vanogona panguva iyoyo kupa zvidzidzo zvinopesana nougandanga pamwero mukuru wemadhora, zvichiwedzera kusvika pakurovedza madhora. Chitima chinosimu chinosimurira mugwagwa chinoshanda zvikurukuru mumadhipati enhau ezvirongwa zviduku zvomumaruwa izvo zvingashaiwa mari yokutumira vazvikoro kunzvimbo zviri kure zvokurovedza.

Kungwarira Vanhu Nechibvumirano Chenzanga

Vanhu vanoita basa rinokosha se "maziso nenzeve" dzekuchengetera mutemo. Masangano ehurumende anosimudzira nokushingaira nhimbe dzokuzivisa vanhu kuti akurudzire kushuma basa rinonyumwira. DHS "Ona chimwe chinhu, Saya Chimwe chinhu" chinokosha cheiyi nhamburiko, kuyeuchidza vagari vomunyika kumativi ose 50 kushuma mufambiro unonyumwira, kwete kungopa chete. Masangano ehurumende anotumira mashoko aya kunzvimbo dzomunzvimbomo, anobatanidzwa nezvikoro, vatungamiriri vokutenda, vanasaimba vebhizimisi, uye masangano omunzanga. Chishandisoshana chinovakisa zvikuru chishandiso chinorwisana neRwitiswo. Nokuvaka uye kuumba ukama nenzanga dzakasiyana- siyana, vakuru vakuru vakuru voruwa vanoita mikoto yekurukurirano inogona kuparira ungwarumano. Mutezo womunzanga unovimba nomutemo womunzvimbomo womunzvimbomo womunzvimbomo chengeteko kana kuti utsva hwemabhomba mabhomba.

Matambudziko Atarisana Nehurumende

Basa rokurwisa ugandanga rakazara nezvinetso zvakaoma zvinoedza kukwanisa uye kusimba kwemitemo yehurumende.

Kurwisana Kwakapararira Mumusha (HVE)

Tyisidziro yemhuri inokosha zvikurusa nhasi inobva kuvanhu vakapinzwa muUnited States, kazhinji kazhinji inonyandurwa namasangano okumwe amagandanga kana kuti mapoka oruvengo. HVES ine mukurumbira wakaoma kuziva nemhaka yokuti vangashanda vari voga, kushandisa kurukurirano dzakananga, uye havana batano dzakananga namasangano akagadzwa. Iyi "mhumhi imwe" varwi vanogona kurova nenyevero duku, vachiita kuti vadziviridze zvikuru kushuma nzanga nenzvero dzetsika. Masangano ehurumende anotamburira kuisa chiverengero chikuru chezvikarakadzo zvaa, kuparadzanisa tyisidziro dzechokwadi kubva mukutaura kunodzivirirwa nenzira yapamutemo kana kuti kudzosera. Assess anorova vavariro nemhiko dzomunhu mumwe nomumwe zvinoda kurovedzwa zvikuru uye rutongeso rwomutemo.

Mazano Okushandisa Mari

Masangano akawanda ehurumende anotarisana neganhuriro dzezvishandiso. Ugandanga hunoda ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu runodhura, kurovedzwa kwounyanzvi, uye vashandi vane unyanzvi zvikuru. Mabhajeti anowanzova matete, achimanikidzira zvisarudzo zvakaoma pakati pepurogiramu dzinorwisana nougandanga namabasa apakati sekotsekano yemigwagwa nedzvinyiriro dzamasimba masimba. Masangano maduku namaruwa angashaiwa simba rokudzivisa kana kuti maturusi anoshandiswa anoda kunzvera zvinoitika zvechitsotsi zvakaoma. Federal inoita kuti zvirongwa, zvakadai seHolland Security Grant Program (HSGP), zvinogovera mari inodrusanwa, asi aya makwikwikwi uye mapurogiramu anodzorwa egore negore anorwisana negadziriro dzinorwisana nerropticism anoda kunzvera kwakakwana kwenhambo negadziriro dzenguva refu dzemari yokushandisa mari.

Kudzikamisa Chengeteko Nerusununguko Rwavagari Vemo

Kupesana pakati pechengeteko nechivande idenho yakapararira. Kuungana kwenhevedzo, kuongorora, uye kunzvera mashoko zvinogona kudzongonyedza kodzero dzakavanzika nerusununguko rwevagari vemo. Masangano ehurumende anofanira kushanda mukati memiganhu yemitemo yomutemo yakatsiga, achinamatira kuBumbiro remitemo, mitemo yehurumende, uye miitiro yemasangano. Miitiro yakadai sokuongorora nzanga, kuongorora kwenzanga, uye kuunganidzwa kwemashoko kunofanira kuva kwakarongwa, kuitirwa jambwa, uye kutarisirwa. Kudzora kunogona kuderedza chivimbo chavanhu, kuderedza nzanga, uye kutungamirira kurovedza zviremera zvepamutemo, kugadza vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende, uye kutanga mabodhiroko okudzivirira kuti mabasa anorwisana nekodzero dzouganda anoremekedza kodzero nerusununguko zvavanopika kudzivirira.

Kuchinjira Kunzvimbo Dzinotyisidzira Dziri Kupera

Magandanga anoramba achichinja nzira dzavo, unyanzvi, uye zvirongwa. Masangano ehurumende anofanira kukurumidza kufambira mberi. Kukwira kwemadrone (UAS) kunopa zvinetso zvitsva zvokuchengeteka, kunoda mano okutsiva UAS (C-UAS) uye marongedzero epamutemo. Kuwanda kwepfuti dzinodhindwa nezvinoputika zvinoda kufambira mberi nokuda kwemasangano ezvemari nemitoo yokuwana nayo. Vatambi vanoshandisa zviteshi zvenzanga kuti vawane, vawane simba, uye vagadzirise magadzirirwo emitemo. Izvi zvinoda tsika dzokuvandudza zvinhu zvitsva, uye kushandira masangano okushanda pamwe chete nenyanzvi, masangano ezvenga, uye masangano okutsvakurudza nyika kuti vagare pamberi petyisidziro.

mhedziso

Masangano anochengeta mutemo wehurumende anobatira somutsetse unodenha wokudzivirira mukurwisana nougandanga kwakaoma uye kunowirirana nakwo. Simba dzawo dzechakavanzika , chinzwano chenyika chine chiremera, uye mano akasimba okushanda . "* Nenhamburiko dzehurumende" uye kugovera chengeteko iri madikanwa nokuda kwavanhu veAmerica. Mitoro yamasangano aya inopfuura zvikuru mapurisa egamuchidzanwa, kuva nenzvero dzouchenjeri, tyisidziro inoshanda, tyisidziro yekurumidziro, tyisidziro yekurumidziro, kubatanidzwa kwekurumidziro kwechimbi - , uye kupfuurira kubatirana. Nepo denho dzakadai seganhuriro dzemari, mishamba, uye kudikanwa yenguva dzose kuchinjika kuruzivo rutsva rwezvoruzivo rutsva, unyanzvi nokutsaumbidzikisa mutemo zvinoramba zvichiri zvisingachinjiki. Kushanda kwemari, kuchengeterwa kwemari inotsigirwa, uye kuzvipira kwakasimba kuchengeteko dzose dzose, kuchengetedzwa kwavose voruzhinji zvichava zvinokosha sezvo aya masangano anopfuurira kudzivirira ngozi yeuganda kuti achengeterwe panjodzi yougandaridzo inopfuurira.