Kuumbwa Kwakatsikirirwa Nomutemo weAmerica

United States inoita chimwe chezvinhu zvakaoma zvikuru uye zvinodzikamiswa zvinochengetedza mitemo munyika. Kusiyana nenyika dzine mapurisa akabatana, United States inoparadzira simba rokuita mapurisa munyika yose, nyika, masangano ehurumende, uye masangano anobatsira.

Masangano Ane Mubatanidzwa: Kupomerwa uye Kuchengeteka Kwenyika

Masangano ezvokuchengetedzwa kwomutemo ehurumende yeUnited States anoshanda pasi pechiremera chehurumende uye anomanikidzira mitemo yehurumende. Simba rawo raibatanidza utsotsi hunobatanidza mheto dzehurumende, hunobatanidza zvinhu, kana kuti simba rechengeteko yenyika. Sangano rehurumende rakatanhamara zvikurusa ndi Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), iyo inodzivisa ugandanga, cybercrime, utsotsi hwakarongwa, uye kuputsa kodzero dzavagari vemo.

Mamwe masangano makuru ehurumende anobatanidza DRODUCTment Administration (DEA), iyo inonangidzira kutengesa, uye Bhureau yedoro, Toba, Firlosives (FOFF)[FOLD][[FLT]], inodzora pfuti nokuongorora kutengesa. [[FLT:] U.S. Basa rakavanzika[[[FLT:] 5, rinozivikanwa nokuda kwoudzame hunodzivirira, anonzverawo mhaka dzemari. Kutevera chisikwa cha [FOFOL:6] [F]

Masangano ehurumende kazhinji kazhinji ane mapoka chaiwo, kubva kumapoka anonunura akatapwa kuti aenderere mberi marabhoritari okugadzira zvinhu, uye kazhinji kazhinji anoshanda pamwe chete nehurumende uye vakwanyina vomunzvimbomo kupfurikidza namauto akabatana ebasa.

Ganhuriro Dzehurumende: Kuvhara Mukaha

Masangano anotarisira mutemo wehurumende anoshanda pamwero wehurumende yehurumende uye kazhinji kazhinji ane zviremera munzvimbo ipi neipi mukati mehurumende yavo. Kune mienzaniso mikuru miviri: State Police yeruwa, ine chiremera chamapurisa chakazara kubatanidza nzvero youtsotsi, uye dandairo reHighway Patrol[FL:3], iro rinonangidzira zvikurukuru pakotsekano yemotokari nerongedzero pamigwagwa yehurumende.

Hurumende dzakawanda dzinoshandisawo State Bureau of Investigation , inoshanda zvakafanana kuFBI yegore rehurumende. SBS inobetsera masangano omunzvimbomo nokunzvera kwakaoma, kudzora marabhoritari ehurumende, uye kuchengeta zvinyorwa zvamatsotsi. Masangano ehurumende anotsoropodza nokuda kwokuronga zvinhu mukati memigariro yekurumidziro nenzvimbo dzomumaruwa dzisina madhipatimendi akasimba omuno.

Kuzvibata Kwemunharaunda: Kunokosha

Kuchengetwa kwemitemo kwomunzvimbomo kunoumba madhipatimendi makuru echipurisa muAmerica. Namadhipatimendi anopfuura 15 000, madhipatimendi emapurisa emanisiparati uye mahofisi ehurumende anopinza basa inenge 60% yavakuru vakuru vamamishinari 800 000.

[[FLT: 0] Mahofisi amapurisa ane mutoro wekuchengetwa kwomutemo mukati memiganhu yemanisiparati. Vanobata chinhu chiri chose kubva pakumira kwemotokari nenyunyuto dzoruzha kusvikira kukuurayana nokushanda kweSW. Nhevedzo yeMahofisi eProfesi [ zvakasiana nemhaka yokuti vanobatira nyika yose, kubatanidza nzvimbo dzisina kubatanidzwa. Vatongi vanosarudza chaizvoizvo vakuru vakuru vakuru, vanowedzerawo ruvara rwokuzvidavirira kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Sheriffars vanotarisira majeridhe nedare redare, mabasa asingabatirwi namachinda amapurisa.

Iyi nzvimbo yakananga inoisa mutoro mukuru pavari nokuda kwechivimbo chenzanga neruramisiro yetsika.

Donzo Chairo Negadziriro Dzedzinza

Kupfuura varwi vehurumende, vehurumende, uye vomunzvimbomo, masangano akananga akawanda anoisa mitemo mumativi akapoteredza chaiwo. Campus Police payunivhesiti, Transnsit Police[ panjanji dzenjanji nezvitima, [[FLT] [[FLT]] Park Police mumapaki enyika nehurumende, uye [ SScho Recurence [[[FLT:]] muzvikoro] zvose zvinochengeta chiremera chomutemo chakapikirwa mukati mamiriro ezvinhu azvo enyika kana kuti masangano.

Mutemo weMitemo yeChirungu [[FLT: 1] unoshanda panzvimbo dzinodzorwa neIniversitendi yeAmerica. Mapurisa edzinza ane chiremera pamitezo yedzinza munyika dzamarudzi, kunyange zvazvo nhau dzehurumende nezviremera zvehurumende nehurumende dzinogona kuva dzakaoma. Hurumende yehurumende inochengeta chiremera chikuru pamhosva huru pamhaka zhinji, kazhinji kazhinji inotungamirira kunzvimbo dzinoganhurirwa.

Mabasa: Nzira Iyo Nhevedzo Dzinochengeta Nayo Kutonga kwoMutemo

Nepo mabasa chaiwo achisiyana norudzi rwesangano, masangano ose anotarisira kuchengetwa kwomutemo anogoverana purogiramu yemibato mikuru.

Kupararira Kwoutsotsi

Kuvapo kunooneka kwavakuru vakuru vakapfeka yunifomu ndiwo mutoo wekaresa uye wakatanhamara zvikurusa wokuisa mutemo. Patrols, mungave nemotokari, tsoka, bhasikoro, kana kuti bhiza, anovavarira kudzivisa utsotsi kupfurikidza nokuwedzera ngozi inofungidzirwa yokutya. Kansas City Proventive Patrol Exption[[FLT:]], iyo yakakurumbira pamusoro penzvimbo duku dzepanyika umo utsotsi hwakawanda hunenge huri.

Kunzvera Kwoutsotsi Nezvirongwa Zvebhizimisi

Apo vatarisiri vanobishaira vanokundikana kudzivisa utsotsi, masangano anochinja kuva nzira yokunzvera. Muitiro wokunzvera unobatanidza kutora nzvimbo youtsotsi, kuunganidza ufakazi chaihwo, kubvunzurudza vanyajambwa nezvapupu, uye kuziva zvinonyumwira. Kukwira kwe maperectal esfensics yachinja uyu mubato. Vapiona zvino vanowana nguva dzose mashoko kubva mumasero, makombiyuta, matura egore, uye kunyange motokari.

Zvidzidzo zvesayenzi yemaoresa, kubatanidza DNA, kunzvera, utachiona, chepfu, uye kunyora minwe, zvinotarisirwa nemarabhoribhu outsotsi kana kuti nzvimbo dzehurumende. National Institute of Justice (NJ) inogadza mipimo yokunzvera nokuda kwechitsama chemari, kuvimbisa ufakazi hunochengetwa mudare.

Kusungwa, Kurega Kufunga, uye Kumanikidzwa Mumutemo

Kudzikamiswa kwomutemo kune simba rakasiyana rokutadzisa vanhu rusununguko rwavo nokusungwa.Simba iri rinodzorwa zvakasimba nemutemo webumbiro remitemo.Gadziriro yeChina inodzivirira vagari vemo pakutsvaka kusina mufungo uye papfambi.Vamiriri vanofanira kuwana rugwaro kubva kumutongi runobva pachikonzero chingabvira, kana kuti kuita chimwe chinhu vachingoona zvinhu sezvazviri (zvik., mamiriro ezvinhu asina kujeka, kubvumirana, zvakajeka).

Chinoitika chechiratidzo chenhau Terry v. Ohio yakatanga mupimo wapamutemo nokuda kwe "mira nafrask," inobvumira vakuru vakuru kuisa munhu munzete panyumwiro ine mufungo. Findmmergate, yakasimbiswa ne Mira v. Arizona, inoda vakuru vakuru vakuru kuzivisa maruramiro avo okuramba vakanyarara uye kuva negweta ripo mukati mekubvunzurudzwa kwechiremera.

Mhinduro Yekurumidziro Nenhevedzano Yavose

Masangano anochengeta mutemo kazhinji kazhinji ndiwo vapinduri vemhinduro dzemigariro yakakomba yakasiana-- siyana, kuvambira kungwavaira dzomusikirwo nedenho dzamagandanga kusvikira kuzvinoitika zvinoshingaira zvokupfura nenyongano dzavagari vemo. Kuchengeta nhevedzano yavose mukati mokuramba, misangano, uye zvinoitika zvikuru zvinoda kuronga kwokungwarira, unyanzvi hwokutarisira boka, uye, padzimwe nguva, kutsinhirana kwemhinduro dzakawanda. Posse Comitus Act inoganhurira kushandiswa kwechiuto remitemo mukati menyika, asi mapoka eNational Guvers Actsworces mukati me mamiriro ezvinhu echimbichiage.

Mitoo Yazvino Uno Nemiitiro Inochinja

Kutarisirwa kwemitemo kweComporatery kunovimba nokuongorora mashoko kwakaoma, ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu rwakakwirira, uye kubatana kwenzanga.

Mitengo Yakagadzirwa uye Uchenjeri Zvakanyorwa

Kusvika kwe Compstat mu 1990 kushandura vatarisiri vamapurisa kupfurikidza nokuita kuti vatungamiriri vazvidavirire nokuda kwenhamba dzoutsotsi mumaruwa avo. Nhasi, masangano anoshandisa dare rokutsiva [ ramazamu okudeya kutaura apo utsotsi hungabvira kuitika, achibvumira vakuru vakuru kuisa zviteshi nenzira inoshanda. Nepo anoitirana nharo nemhaka yefungira mano anobvira mumitezo iri pasi pedata, aya maturusi anoshandiswa zvikuru namadhipatimendi makuru.

Police-Lected Policity [ILP] inonangidzira ngwariro pakuunganidza nokunzvera mashoko pamusoro pemibatanidzwa yeutsotsi netyisidziro. Uku mutoo unokosha zvikurukuru nokuda kwokudzivisa ugandanga nokurwisa utsotsi hwakarongwa. Masangano eFusion, anoitwa pamwe chete namasangano ehurumende nehurumende, anobatira senzvimbo dzokugoverana ungwaru hwetyisidziro.

Ruzivo Nemashandiro Ezvigadzirwa

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rwazova rutivi runodzora kuchengetwa kwomutemo kwazvino uno. Raisensievedzero yePlate Plate (ALPR) scan zviuru zvendiro paawa, kungwadza vakuru vakuru kumotokari dzinobiwa kana kuti kuda kunyumwira. [] Makamera eBody-morn (BWC) akava zvishandiso zvinoshanda, kuwedzera kujeka nokugovera ufakazi hunokosha. [[FLT:]] Ganstation michina yokuwana mifungo inovhara.

Drone [UVS] inoshandiswa nenzira inowedzera nokuda kwokunzvera mudenga, kuvakazve tsaona, uye tsigiro yamanomano. Erectronic Foundation (EFF)[[FL:3] nemamwe mapoka erusununguko rwavagari vemo anosanonzvera iyi mitoo yesayenzi, achimutsa mibvunzo inokosha pamusoro pezvakavanzika nebviro yokunzvera kukurusa.

Chirevo Chavanhu uye Chinetso Chinodzorwa

Uzivi hwe Politiki yeCommunity-Orited Policity inosimbisa kubatana kwokuvaka pakati pamapurisa nenzanga dzavanoshumira. Vakuru vakuru vanogoverwa kunharaunda dzakati vanokurudzirwa kupinda muchinetso nokuvimbana, panzvimbo pokungopindura kufoni. [[FLT:] Office of Community Policision Services (Hofisi yeCOPS)[FFT:3] inogovera uye inogovera kurovedzwa kutsigira izvi zviito.

problem-Orited Policition (POP) inzira inowirirana iyo inonangidzira ngwariro pakuziva zvisakiso zvikuru zvezvinetso zvoutsotsi zvinodzokororwa uye kutanga zvigadzikiso zvakagadzirirwa, kazhinji kazhinji kunobatanidza vakwanyina kunze kwokuchengetwa kwomutemo (g., kuchengetwa kwebumbiro remitemo reguta, mabasa enzanga).

Kubatana uye Masimba Okushanda Nevamwe

Hapana sangano rimwe rinogona kupedza tyisidziro dzose dzazvino uno dzoga. Deast Terrorism Task Forces (JTFS] [[FTT:1]], inotungamirira FBI, zviwanikwa zvinobva kuhurumende, nyika, uye masangano omunzvimbomo kunzvera ugandanga. ZVIPECHED SHEAIS DROG DROGCTCTCTCP CONCE purogiramu dzinobatanidza nhamburiko dzokudzikamisa mirimo inodzorwa nemitemo. Iyi mibatanidzwa inokosha nokuda kwokutaura nezveutsotsi huhombe hunofuratira miganhu yomunzvimbomo.

Matambudziko Akakomba Anotarisana Nomutemo Womuzana Remakore rechi21

Kuchengetwa kwemitemo kwakazara nezvinetso zvakaoma zvinoedza simba uye pamutemo zvemasangano munyika yose.

Dambudziko Rokuvimba Noruzhinji Nomutemo

Zviitiko zvikuru zvinobatanidza kushandiswa kwamapurisa zvakakanganisa ukama pakati pokuchengetwa kwomutemo nenzanga dzavanobatira. Kushambadzira kubva ku Pult Research Center [ kunoratidzira kukamukana kwecherekedzo kwedzinza nekwezvamatongerwe enyika muchivimbo chavose mugadziriro. Kuvaka kunoda chibvumirano chinotsiga kururamisiro yetsika, kujeka, uye kuzvidavirira.

Kushandiswa Kwesimba uye Kuzvidavirira

Mupimo wapamutemo wokushandisa simba, wakatangwa mu Graham v. Connor, unorangarira simba kubva mumurangariro we "mukuru mukuru ane mufungo panzvimbo. Iyi nhevedzo inopa rusununguko runokosha asi yakatungamirirawo kugakava. Masangano mazhinji zvino anoraira kurovedza [ uye ashandisa [[FT:4] miitiro, inoda vakuru vakuru vakuru kumisa simba rakawanda. Mitemo, inoshandiswa neUSAYESA, inoshandiswa namasangano makurusa mugadziriro yeProgilamu.

Mazano Okushandisa Mari Nemabhajeti Anochinja - chinja

Masangano akawanda anoshanda pasi peganhuriro dzakasimba. Mabhajeti anofanira kufukidza vashandi, rovedzo, midziyo, uye ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu. Kukumbirwa ku "kukwidziridza mapurisa" kwakaitwa navamwe vashingairi kwakaparira gakava guru pamusoro pokuti mari inofanira kuiswa panzvimbo chaiyo yemasangano avanhu. Nenzira inopesana, madhipatimendi akawanda anotamburira kubhadhara makamera omutumbi, kurovedza, uye mibhadharo yamakwikwi, kupinza basa muboka uye kurangarira.

Kubvuma uye Kuramba Uchishandira Mumusika Webasa Une Simba

Masangano akawanda muUnited States ari kutarisana nenjodzi yakakomba nokusazvidzora. Nzwisiso yavanhu yakaipa, kuraira maawa okushanda, uye ngozi dzebasa zvakakuita kuti kuve kwakaoma kukwezva vada kukwaniriswa. Dhipatimendi riri kukwidziridza ganhuriro dzezera, kugovera miitiro yokusaina mabhonasi, uye kukumbira kuti zvizadzise. Gadziriro dzezvirongwa zvoutano negadziriro dzoutano zvendangariro zvinozivikanwa zvikuru sezvinotsoropodza nokuda kwemifungo.

Ufakazi Hwemadhipatimendi

Matsotsi ari kuwedzera kuoma pakushandisa mashandisiro azvo ruzivo. Chirwere cheCybercrime, kusanganisira kurwisa kwemafashoni, kubiridzira paIndaneti, kuba mashoko okuzivikanwa, uye kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwevana, chinokonzera chinetso chikuru. Masangano akawanda emo haana kurovedza vamwe uye maturusi anodiwa kuongorora utsotsi hwemakombiyuta. Chinetso chinonzi "kusiya rima", apo kunyora mashoko okunyora pabonderwa zvinhu zviri mukati, chinoramba chichiparira kusawirirana pakati pezvinodiwa nekodzero dzomutemo uye kuva voga.

Nzira Dzomunguva Yemberi: Nguva Yakatevera Yokumanikidzwa Nomutemo

Kuchengetwa kwomutemo kuri mumugariro wenguva dzose wemhindumupindu, unosundwa nokutangwa kutsva kweruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, denho dzapamutemo, uye kuchinja kariro dzenzanga.

Uchenjeri Hunogadzirwa Nokuzvishandisa

AI yagadzirira kuchinja kunyora. Mushumo unoitwa kuti ushandurwe, kushandurwa kwomutauro chaiwoiwo, uye ruzivo rwokuziva chiso zvinotoshandiswa. Kuchinja kwechiso kugona kupepetwa nenhamba huru yemashoko kuti izive mitoo youtsotsi. Zvisinei, kushandiswa kweAI kunomutsa mibvunzo inokosha yetsika nemitemo pamusoro peshanje nerusununguko rwevagari vemo. Kukukura masangano okudzora akajeka eAI mucholichi kuchava nhau inoumba makore gumi anotevera.

Zvimiro Zvokutsiva

Kune simba riri kuwedzera rokuchinja mutoro weshanyo dzakati dzisina masimba masimba kubva kumapurisa ane zvombo. purogiramu yeCAHOOTS muEugene, Oregon, inotumira nyanzvi dzezvoutano hwendangariro nedzezvokutsiva panzvimbo pepokudanidzira kwemapurisa nokuda kwenjodzi. Maguta akadai seAlbuquerque naDenver ari kudzora mapoka ezvokuchengetera mugwagwa asina kudzorwa. Iyi mienzaniso inovavarira kugovera mhinduro dzakakodzera nokuda kwenjodzi dzoutano hwendangariro, kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwezvinhu, uye kudzorwa kwezvikwerete, kusunungura vakuru vakuru vakapi vemho dzamasimba masimba.

Kuona Zvinhu Zvakajeka uye Kungwarira

Kudikanwa kwokuzvidavirira kuchapfuurira kuita chinjo dzemiitiro. Kamera yenguva chaiyoiyo inodirana, mapubhu ehwirudzuro akazvimirira ehurumende ane simba resubpoena, uye mapepa ehurumende anoshandiswa napanhando esimba zviri kuva zvakarovedzeka zvikuru. National Declassingment Index iri kutevera vakuru vakuru vakuru nokuda kwomufambiro wakashata kuti vadzivirirwe kuenda kune mamwe masangano. Kudzivirira kwomugariro wapasi kwakaiswa pamutemo [, kunodzivirira vakuru vakuru pamhosva dzavagari vemo, kunotarisana nedenho dzinowedzera dzapamutemo nedzemitemo.

Kudzidziswa Kwakaita Vana uye Dzidzo Yebasa

Kuoma kwemapurisa azvino uno kunoda mabasa akadzidza zvikuru uye ane unyanzvi. Crisis Intervenition rovedzo yedzidzo yakakwirira (CT) nokuda kwavakuru vakuru vari kuita chimwe chinhu kuzvinetso zvoutano hwendangariro vari kuva vanosungirwa munyika dzakawanda. Kurovedza mukuderedza, kupedza hondo, uye fungidziro dzakajeka zvino yava mutsika mumadhipatimendi akawanda. Pane kunyandurwa nokuda kwezvinodikanwa zvedzidzo yakakwirira nokukura kwounyanzvi kuti vakudze basa rose zvaro.

Mupedzi: Kudzikama Kwakanaka

Kuchengetwa kwomutemo muUnited States hakusati kuri gadziriro huru asi mubatanidzwa mukuru, wakabatana wamasangano anoshanda pamwero uri wose wehurumende. Masangano aya ane mutoro mukuru wokusimbisa mitemo nepo achidzivirira kodzero dzevanhu nerusununguko. Mitoo nedenho zvine udzame pano zvinoratidzira kuti kuchengetwa kwomutemo ibasa guru uye rakasimba romunhu. Sezvo ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu runowedzera uye tarisiro dzenzanga dzinochinja, masangano anoshanda nokuchengeta rugare runofanira kuchinjika nokutendeseka, uchenjeri, uye kuzvipira kwakasimba kumutemo. Nguva yemberi yekotsekano inotsamira pakuwana dzikamo yakasimba pakati pechengeteko, kuzvidavirira, uye ruvimbo rwenzanga.