Kuchengetwa kwemitemo kunomira sechinhu chinokosha chenzanga yakabudirira, kuvimbisa kuchengeteka kwavanhu vose, kudzivirira kodzero dzavose, uye kuchengeta nhevedzano yenzanga. Muitiro uyu wakaoma unotsamira pabatira pamwe isina kusiana pakati pembiru mbiri dzegadziriro yeruramisiro(saidzo dzemitemo namasangano okutarisira kuchengetwa kwemitemo nedare. Nepo vakuru vakuru vakuru vamapurisa vane mutoro wokunzvera mhaka, kuunganidza ufakazi, uye kusunga, matare anodudzira mutemo, mhaka dzechibvumirano, uye kuisa mitongo. Simba remitemo yose inotsamira pamataurire anoita zvakanaka aya masangano, uye kuwiriranisa mashoko awo. Nokuda kwavadzidzi venhau, mutemo, uye ruramisiro, kunzwisisa kushanda kwomutemo uyu kunogovera nzwisiso inokosha munzira iyo ruramisiro inoteverwa nokupiwa nayo.

Munhau dzakaitika, ukama pakati pamapurisa nematare hwakavandudzika zvikuru. Mumiitiro yapakuvamba yapamutemo, kuchengetwa kwemitemo nemibato yedare kazhinji kazhinji zvakabatanidzwa. "*] Vatongi vangabatirawo savatongi. Mumazana amakore, kuparadzana kwamasimba nokukwidziridzwa kwamapurisa zvakaumba mabasa akasiana. Bva kudikanwa kwokubatira pamwe hakuna kutongoderera. Nhasi, kubvira panguva ino utsotsi hunoshumwa kusvikira kukutonga kwokupedzisira, mapurisa nematare zvinofanira kushanda mukutsigira muitiro wakafanira nomutemo. Nyaya ino inonzvera mabasa awo, miitiro yawo, mitoo yebatira pamwe chete, zvinetso zvaanotarisana nazvo, uye mienzaniso chaiyoiyo yenyika yezvibvumirano zvinobudirira.

Basa Remapurisa Mumutemo

Mapurisa ndiwo vamiriri vapamberi vegadziriro yemitemo yamatsotsi. Mitoro yavo mikuru inobatanidza kudzivirira, kunzvera, uye kudzikamisa. vakuru vakuru vanorinda nzanga kuti vamise mubato woutsotsi, vadavidze shanyo dzekurumidziro, uye vaitisi kubvunza kwokutanga pazvinoitika zvoutsotsi. Kupfuura aya mabasa anooneka, mapurisa anoita basa rinotsoropodza 76scenes iro rinotapura zvakananga kutongwa kwedare.

Kuongorora uye Uchapupu

Rimwe ramabasa anokosha zvikurusa amapurisa mukutsigira matare iunganidzwa nokuchengetwa kwoufakazi. Vakuru vakuru vanofanira kutevera mitemo yorumano yakakomba . zvakadai sokuwana zvibvumikiso zvakafanira zvokunzvera nokusurikirwa, kuchengeta nhevedzano yose yokuchengetwa, uye kunyora nhano iri yose yokunzvera. Kundikano ipi neipi muuyu muitiro inogona kupa ufakazi husingabvumiki mudare, hunogona kuderedza kukwirira. Mukuwirirana ne Bhutau reMitationstiki yeRudzi[, kunaka kwoufakazi hunounganidzwa nokuchengetwa nomutemo inhau huru muzvose zviri zviviri mitatiro yenhau uye urefu hwemi.

Mapurisa azvino uno anotsamira paunyanzvi hwekufembera hwazvino uno hwekufambira mberi, kubatanidza kunzvera kweDNA, magiramu ezvemari, uye kunzvera kwemichina. Madhipatimendi emapurisa anofanira kurovedza kwete bedzi muuhu unyanzvi hwounyanzvi asiwo mumipimo yapamutemo inodzora kushandiswa kwawo. Missted(hwunotsvedza ufakazi hwemichina kana kuti kukundikana kuchengetedza chiono choutsotsi (*can inotungamirira kukudzvinyirira kunzwa uye kunyange kurambwa kwepomero dzemhosva.

Kusungwa Nokuchengetwa Kwekodzero Yokuchengetwa

Apo mukuru mukuru anosunga, vanofanira kurangarira nokukurumidza zvinodikanwa zvapamutemo zvinotapura kutonga kwapashure kwedare. Anonyumwirwa anofanira kuraviwa maruramiro avo (nyevero dzechiMuna muUnited States), anoiswa muchitokisi, uye kuunzwa pamberi pomutongi nokuda kwokuoneka kwokutanga mukati menhambo yemitemo. Mishumo yamapurisa inogadzirirwa padanho rino kuva magwaro makuru nokuda kwavachuchisi, magweta, uye vatongi. Mishumo isina kururama kana kuti isina kukwana inoparira nyongano nonokeidzo, uye ingaputsa maruramiro emitemo omukwidziridzi.

Uyezve, mapurisa anowanzobetsera mukutarisirwa kwemipimo yokutsiva yeruramisiro, yakadai segadziriro dzechimbichimbi nokuda kwevatadzi venguva pfupi yokutanga kana kuti kupindira kwenjodzi yendangariro.

Basa Rematare Mumutemo

Basa rawo guru nderokududzira nokushandisa mutemo panhau imwe neimwe, uchivimbisa kuti kodzero dzemativi ose dzinoremekedzwa.

Miitiro Yapamberi Pezviito

Nyaya isati yatongwa, matare anotarisira kutongwa kunenge kwaitwa nyaya isati yatongwa, uye izvi zvinosanganisira:

  • Kutongwa kwemhosva: Vatongi vanosarudza kana mukwirirwi achigona kusunungurwa achimirira kutongwa, kazhinji kazhinji achirangarira rumbidzo dzinobva kumapurisa pamusoro pengozi yokubhururuka mundege kana kuti ngozi kunzanga.
  • Kunzwa kwokutanga:[ Vatongi vanofanira kuratidza chisakiso chinobvira chokuti mhaka yakaitwa uye kuti mukwiridzirwi akaiita. Chipupuriro chamapurisa noufakazi zvinokosha kuichi chinoitika.
  • Throsaro dzinoita kuti mitemo idiwe mapurisa navachuchisi igoverane ufakazi nedziviriro. Kusabvumirana kunogona kutungamirira kuchirango kana kuti kuraswa kwoufakazi.

Iyi nhevedzo isati yatonga inoda tsinhirano yakakomba. Mapurisa anofanira kukurumidza kuita chiito kumapoka, kubudisa magwaro, uye kuoneka nokuda kwezvibvumirano. National Center for State Courts inotaura kuti kurukurirano yakarongwa zvikuru pakati pokudzika mutemo namakabharani vedare inoderedza zvikuru nguva yokuronga mhaka uye mativi okutsigira.

Kutongwa uye Kutongerwa

Magweta anodzivirira kazhinji kazhinji anonzvera mufambiro wamapurisa, achitsvaka mhosho dzepachivande kana kuti tsvete izvo zvinogona kubetsera vatengi vavo.

Pashure pokunge vatongi vatenderwa, vanotsamira pamishumo yemapurisa uye rumbidzo dzokutonga zvinogadzirirwa nevakuru vakuru vanoongorora kuongorora nokusimbisa mutemo (*kusarudza chirango chakakodzera. Zvinhu zvakadai soukuru hwemhosva yacho, nhau youtsotsi yomukwirirwi, uye simba pavananyajambwa zvinoyerwa. Mune dzimwe nyika, mapurisa anenge achitora rutivi mukurwisa kwanyajambwa kana kuti anopa mubatanidzwa wegadziriro dzeruramisiro dzokugadziridza.

Kubatana Pakati Pamapurisa Nematare

Kubatana pakati pamapurisa nematare hakungoerekani kwaitika; kunoda zvirongwa zvamaune, mitemo, uye kurongeka kwetsika. Kana kushandira pamwe zvakanaka, nyaya dzichifamba zvakanaka, ufakazi hunochengetwa, uye kuvimba kwevanhu kunowedzera. Painoputsika, ruramisiro inogona kunonotswa kana kuti kurambwa.

Kukurukurirana Namashoko Zvinogoverana

Kushandira pamwe kunotanga nekurukurirano yakajeka, yakakodzera nguva. Madhipatimendi emapurisa anofanira kugoverana mafaira enhau, ufakazi hwemichina, uye mashoko okunzvera navachuchisi pachine misi yedare isati yasvika. Mitemo mizhinji yakagamuchira gadziriro dzokutarisira nyaya dzakabatana idzo dzinobvumira mapurisa, vachuchisi, uye matare kuwana mashoko mamwe chetewo.

Mikoto yekurukurirano yakarongwa inobatanidza misangano yebatano yenguva dzose pakati pemurairo wamapurisa navatarisiri vedare, pamwe chete namatare akabatana anotaura nhau dzenhau. Mamwe masangano anogadza mapurisa akazvitsaurira kushanda mumahofisi avachuchisi, achizivisa kugadzirirwa kwenhau nokuva nechokwadi chokuti mikaha yakajeka inozadzwa nokukurumidza.

Kurukurirano yamasanga(yakadai sefoni pakati pamafekitari nemubetseri wegweta reruwa) inoitawo rutivi. Zvisinei, batano dzakadaro dzinofanira kuitwa mutsika, zvikurukuru pamusoro poufakazi hwokuranga kana kuti kurukurirano. Kugadziridza nokuchengeta zvinyorwa zvinokosha.

Kurovedza Majoini Nokufambira Mberi Kwedzidzo

Apo mapurisa navatongi vanowana rovedzo yakaparadzana, purogiramu dzokurovedza dzinovandudza kunzwisisana. Somuenzaniso, zvikoro zvamapurisa zvinowanzobatanidza hurukuro dzinobva kuvatongi pa‘seand ­ , nepo misangano yedzidzo yedare ingabatanidza kutasva mabhasiro nevakuru vakuru vanorinda. Office of Justice Programs mari yakawanda yakadaro yokusimbisa parpiter yeruramisiro.

Kurovedza chaiko kunokosha zvikuru nokuda kwokubuda kwenhau dzakadai sokubata noufakazi hwemichina, kutarisira nhau dzinobatanidza chirwere chendangariro, uye kushandisa miitiro yekuvadziko inopinzwa mumugariro wakashata.

Masimba Okushanda Nebasa

Nokuda kwezvinetso zvakaoma kana kuti zvinogara zvikuru — zvakadai samasimba masimba egen’a, kutengesa mirimo, kana kuti kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwemhuri — mauto ebasa anopinza mapurisa navakuru vakuru vedare mubatira pamwe yakananga. Mitezo ingabatanidza vakuru vakuru, vachuchisi, vatongi, vakuru vakuru vokuedzesera, uye vagoveri vebasa renzanga. Aya mapoka anosangana nguva dzose kuhwirudzura nhau, kupindira kunotsinhirana, uye miuyo.

Mumwe muenzaniso unozivikanwa zvikuru idare remirimo, umo mutongi anoshanda pamwe chete nokuchengetwa kwomutemo, varapi, uye mamaneja emhosva kuti vatarisire vapari vemhosva vasiri vane masimba masimba kupfurikidza nokugadziridzwa kwakarongwa. matare emirimo anotsamira pamapurisa kuti atarisire kuteererwa, ape kuputswa, uye agovere mhinduro yekurumidziro kudare. kunzvera kunobudiswa neNational Institute of Justice kunoratidza kuti kubatana kwakadaro kunoderedza kudzorwa kwechibvumirano ndokuchengeta mari yomutero.

Zvinetso Mukushanda Kwemapurisa Zvakaoma

Pasinei nokuti pane zvazvinenge zvichidiwa, zvipingamupinyi zvakawanda zvinoramba zvichikutadzisa kushanda pamwe chete.

Mazano Okushandisa Mari

Madhipatimendi ose ari maviri amapurisa namasangano edare anowanzoshanda mumari yakaganhurirwa. Kuiswa kwemhosva mumatare mazhinji omumaguta kunokatyamadza, uye vakuru vakuru vanorerutswa nezvikumbiro zvokukwikwidza. Somuuyo, mabasa anokosha akadai sokugadzirira mishumo yakakwana, kuoneka nokuda kwokutongwa, uye kutora rutivi mukurovedza kwavose kungava kunosundwa kana kuti kuregeredzwa.

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rwakadai segadziriro dzokudzora zvirwere dzakabatanidzwa($require relititi remari. Pasinazvo, kugoverana mashoko kunoramba kuri bhuku remaoko nemhosho. Zvikamu zviduku zvinowanzoshaiwa simba rokushandisa miitiro yakanakisisa.

Zvinhu Zvakasiyana Zvokutanga Nemaonero Anoita Zvinhu

Mapurisa nematare zvinoshanda pasi pemifungo yakasiana - siana.Mazano omutemo anoisa nhevedzano yokudzora utsotsi, rutyo rwokukurumidza, uye chengeteko yavose. Dare rinosimbisa muitiro wakafanira, kururama, uye muitiro wapamutemo wokungwarira. Iyi mitoo inogona kupesana. mukuru mukuru angarangarira kuti mutongi anoregeredza zvikuru; mutongi angaona zviito zvomupurisa sezvisina kukwana kana kuti zvakakomba zvakanyanyisa.

Kusanzwisisana kunowedzerwa norudzi rwegadziriro yokuedza. Mapurisa anorovedzwa kuvaka mhaka yakasimba, apo magweta anodzivirira anotsvaka utera. Apo mapurisa anorangarira kuti basa rawo riri kutsoropodzwa zvisina kufanira mudare, chivimbo chinoparadzwa. kurukurirano yenguva dzose uye kurovedza mativi ebetsero aya ari kuoneka.

Kunzvera Kworuzhinji uye Kuvimba

Zviitiko zvikuru zvekusazvibata kwamapurisa kana kuti fungidziro dzokutonga dzinokuvadza chivimbo chavanhu mumasangano ose ari maviri. Apo nzanga dzinorangarira gadziriro seyakaipa, vanyajambwa vangazengurira kushuma mhaka, uye zvapupu zvingaramba kupupurira. Ikoku kunosekesa muitiro wose wokuchengetwa kwomutemo. Kuchinja kunosanokura kwemasangano enzanga (kwakadai semasangano anotarisira nzanga, kuoneka muufakazi, uye mitemo inotenderwa nedare rePlautaetacraine inodzorera chivimbo, asi zvinoda nhamburiko inopfuuridzirwa.

ACLU[ nemamwe masangano ekodzero dzevanhu akakumbira kuti pave nemiitiro iri nani yokuzvidavirira inobatanidza mapurisa nedare. Makhamera eBody_worn, somuenzaniso, anogovera chinyorwa chedonzo chinogona kushandiswa mudare kunzvera mufambiro wevakuru vakuru nokuwedzera kuvimbika.

Fundo Dzapanhau Dzokuumbwa Kunobudirira

Mienzaniso yenyika chaiyoiyo inoratidza kuti kubatana kwemapurisa munhando dzeguta iri kunogona sei kuvandudza migumisiro yeruramisiro.

Chinetso kucinjira Mumatare

Matare anokosha akadai sematare emirimo, matare outano hwendangariro, uye matare ezvokurapa akaremara anobvumiranisa ruramisiro. Muaya mabudi, vatongi, vachuchisi, magweta, uye vakuru vakuru vamapurisa vanoshanda seboka kukurukura nhau dzinotungamirira mufambiro woutsotsi. Mapurisa anoita basa rokushingaira mukuongorora vatori vemo, kushuma kuputsika, uye kunyange kupemberera budiriro. Zvidzidzo nguva dzose zvinoratidza mwero yakaderera yeredicid uye kuzviisa pasi pomutezo wegamuchidzanwa.

Moto wokushanda unodzima (Boston)

Boston Gun Project, inozivikanwa seOf sicklettle, yakaunganidza vatsigiri vemitemo, vachuchisi, uye vagari vomunharaunda kuti vaderedze masimba. Mapurisa akawana vapari vemhosva vepamusoro, uye vachuchisi vakashanda nematare kuti vape mashoko okudzivisa akananga. Nhano yakatungamirira kukuderera kukuru mukuponda kwepwere uye yakatevedzerwa mumaguta akawanda. Chinonyanya kubetsera kwaiva kurukurirano yakananga pakati pavakuru vakuru vemigwagwa nehofisi yegweta reruwa, uko kwakagonesa miuyo yemitemo inopfuurira neyakavimbika.

Miitiro Yeruramisiro Yakatsikirirwa muUK

MuUnited Kingdom, Criminal Justice System (CJS) inoshandisa chiteshi chemichina chakabatana chinonzi Common Platform, icho chinobatanidza mapurisa, matare, uye vachuchisi. Mapati ose anosvika pafaundi yemhosva imwe cheteyo, achideredza mapepa uye kunonoka. Mapurogiramu edhirowa akashuma zvisarudzo zvenhau nokukurumidza uye kunzwiwa zvishoma. Kushanda pamwe kwemichina inotendwa neUnited States.

Basa Reruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Mukusimbisa Kubatana

Mashandisiro emagetsi ari kuchinja mashandisiro anoita mapurisa nematare. Kukumbira kwemagetsi kunobvumira vatongi kuongorora nokusaina kuti vapedze nguva, voita kuti basa rokuongorora rikurumidze. Ufakazi hunobatsira kuti vanhu vakwanise kutora mifananidzo, mavhidhiyo, uye magwaro. Ungwaru hwekugadzira huri kutevedzerwa kufanoziva migumisiro uye ngozi dzinoitika.

Zvisinei, ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu runotangawo zvinetso zvitsva. Chitendero chinoda kunetsa, sezvo mashoko anokurumidza kutapura anofanira kudzivirirwa pamitongo. Madare namapurisa anofanira kubvumirana pamipimo nokuda kwematairwo emashoko, nguva yokuchengeta, uye zvibvumirano zvokupinda. Kurovedza kuri madikanwa kuva nechokwadi chokuti vashandi vose vanoshandisa gadziriro nenzira inobudirira.

mhedziso

Kuchengetwa kwemitemo haisiri nharidzano yokuzviitira yoga asi mutoro unogoverwa pakati pamapurisa namatare. Kana kubatira pamwe kwakasimba, tsika inodzivirira vasina mhaka, inova nemhaka, uye inochengeta chivimbo chavose. Apo inoderera, ruramisiro inoderera. Sezvo chaunga chinochinja nemarudzi matsva outsotsi, kufambira mberi muruzivo rwezvinhu, uye kuchinja kwekariro dzavanhu pakati pekuchengetwa kwomutemo nedare. Kubatana pakati pavagari vemo nedare repamutemo kunofanira kuchinjika. Nokushandisa mari mukurukurirano, kurovedzana, kugoverana pfuma, uye miitiro inotsigirwa nomutemo. Kunzwisisa iyi hakungokoshiki kunyanzvi dzemitemo dzemitemo asi kuvagari vemo vose vanotsamira pakutonga mutemo.