Kumanikidzwa kwoMutemo weHurumende NeDzidzo Kugoverana Nezvimwe Zvirango: Kurangarira Kwapamutemo

Masangano anochengetedza mutemo wehurumende anowedzera kubatira pamwe uye kugoverana mashoko nezvimwe zviremera kuti awedzere kuchengeteka kwavose uye kufeyafeya. Kubva panguva chaiyo pamusoro poutsotsi hwechisimba kuti vawane uchapupu hunochinjana munyika, aya masangano anogona kuva nesimba. Zvisinei, kugoverana mashoko emitemo kunomutsa mibvunzo yakaoma iyo masangano anofanira kunyatsoshandisa kuti arambe akachengeteka, kudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu, uye kuramba achivimba nevanhu.

Nyaya ino inogovera kupetwa kwakakwana kwegadziriro dzapamutemo, denho, uye miitiro yakanakisisa inodzora kugoverana mashoko pakati pehurumende namasangano anotarisira mutemo omunzvimbomo. Inofutunuka pamirau mikuru, inonzvera mhinganidzo chaidzoidzo dzenyika, uye inopa nhungamiro inoshanda nokuda kwamasangano anoshanda kuvaka mapurogiramu emashoko apamutemo naanobudirira.

Mabasa Omutemo Anobvumiranisa Kutevedzana Kwemitemo Inodzora

Mitemo yakawanda inorongedzwa neyamasangano nehurumende, shapei kuti mashoko eruramisiro angaunganidzwa sei, angashandiswa, uye kugoveranwa mumiganhu yemiganhu. Kunzwisisa iyi mirau inhano yokutanga kukuvaka purogiramu inodzorwa namashoko .

Mitemo Yamapuraneti

Act yeSangano rePrivitation ya 1974 (5 U.S.C. 76 552a). Act yeFiscism inodzora muunganidzwa, kugadziriswa, kushandiswa, uye kuparadzirwa kwamashoko anozivikanwa somunhu oga akaitwa namasangano ehurumende. Nepo inoshanda zvakananga kumasangano ehurumende bedzi, nheyo dzawo huru, kuderedza, kubvumira, uye kuzvidavirira. (kazhinji kazhinji kacho zvikamu zvemibatanidzwa zvegadziriro dzehurumende. Hurumende yakawanda inowana mari yemari inodzorwa kumitengo yeSangano reSangano rehurumende inofanira kunamatira kumiteko yePro.

Kukurukurirana kwemakombiyuta nokuwana mashoko emagetsi. Kunobatanidza gadziriro dzakadai seTreed Communications Act (SCA) [18 U.S.C. . . . . . . 2510252522, 27019222). ECPA inodzora kuedzero, kusvika, uye kuziviswa kwekurukurirano dzemagetsi nerakachengetwa. Inobatanidza gadziriro dzakadai seVerd Communications Act (SCA), iyo inonyanyokosha zvikurukuru apo mutemo unotsvaka kugoverana ufakazi hwemichina (um., maemail, marekodhireko enzanga) namasangano enzanga mune dzimwe nyika. Pasi peSCA, chisakiso chinotsigirwa nezvisakiso zvakafanira chinodikanwa kazhinji kazhinji kumanikidza basa rokuzivisa kurukurirano nokubatanidza kurukurirano nedare rinokwanwa.

Rusununguko rweInformation Act (FOIA) [5 U.S. 76 552) uye mamiriro enyika akafanana. FAIA uye hurumende inoda masangano kuti awane mamwe mapepa anowanikwa kuvanhu, asi anewo kukanganisirwa kwezvinyorwa zvemitemo izvo zvinogona kudzongonyedza kufeya, kuvhozhokera zvakavanzika zvomunhu oga, kana kuti kuzivisa manyuko ehurumende. Pakugoverana mashoko nerimwe sangano, masangano anofanira kurangarira kana mhinduro yesangano rinogamuchira kuzvikumbiro zvapachena ichigona kubudisa nenzira isingazivi mashoko akachengeteka.

National Criminal History Force Seck System (NCHBCS) ne Interstate Convention for Adult Offender Supeter Supepuree (ICAOS). Iyi mibatanidzwa yehurumende inoisa mitemo yakananga pakugoverana zvinyorwa zvenhau youtsotsi navatongi vanodzorwa vanopfuudza mitsetse yehurumende. Somuenzaniso, PFBI’s Criminal Justice Information Security Service Applicy inosimbisa zvinodikanwa zvehwaro yehwarongari hwenhau dzeutsotsi, kubatanidza kudzorwa kwadzokororwa, zviteshi zvokupinda, uye mapepa eHendeko.

Nokuda kwenhungamiro yomubatanidzwa ine udzame, ona Department of Justice’s Privtibility uye Rusununguro rwezvizvarwa zvemo nokuda kwePurcion Centers[.

Mitemo yeHurumende Nezvibvumirano Zvebatanidzwa

Mitemo yehurumende inosiana zvikuru. Dzimwe nyika dzine mitemo yakakwana yemitemo yakavanzika (g., yeCalifornia CPA ) iyo inoisa mitemo yorumano pakushandiswa kwomutemo wePII. mimwe ine mitemo yakananga inotaura mashoko okugoverana pakati pamasangano emirau yapamutemo kana kuti nzvimbo dzokubatanidza. Mukuwedzera, zvibvumirano zvakadai se Conter Calginal Tech Memoration Consation Contation inosimbisa gadziriro dzokuzvidira nokuda kwokuchinjana mapepa outsotsi. ASCHPUPUS inofanira kubvunza nezata zano rawo repamutemo kuti anzwisise ganhuriro dzakananga nemhiko.

Zvinetso Zvikuru Zvepamutemo Mumashoko Okupa Mhosva

Kunyange nokutsigirwa nemitemo kwakajeka, masangano anoona nezvokuchengetwa kwemitemo anotarisana nezvipingamupinyi zvinoshanda uye zvepamutemo zuva nezuva.

Kuedza Kuziva Zvakarurama uye Zvinoshanda

Apo mashoko anopinda mumibatanidzwa mizhinji yakasiyana- siyana − dzimwe nguva matyairi anopinda nemaoko namasangano akasiyana- siyana anogona kuparadzira. Chinyorwa chisina kururama chokusunga kana kuti chibvumirano chechinyakare chinogoveranwa nechimwe chiremera chingagona kutungamirira kukusungwa kusina kururama kana kuti kunzvera kunobvumiraniswa. Application Act inoda kuti masangano ehurumende achengetedze mapepa ne “kushandiswa, kushanda, nguva, uye kukwana.” Masangano ehurumende anofanira kutevera mipimo yakafanana uye kusimbisa mashoko asati aparadzirwa. Kunzvera nguva dzose nechekero dzemotokari zvinogona kuderedza ngozi.

Kudzivirira Kuva Woga Nokusunungurwa Nevagari Vemo

Mitemo inounganidzwa nenzira yapamutemo nokuda kwechinangwa chimwe (g., kumira kwemikoto) ingasava yakafanira kushandiswa mukunzvera kwakasiana mune imwe nyika. Nheyo yeganhuriro yedonzo inoiswa mugadziriro dzakawanda dzakavanzika. Mitemo yokuchengeta pamutemo inofanira kurondedzera zvakajeka marudzi emashoko anogoverwa, kushandiswa kunobvumirwa, uye ganhuriro pakuparadzirazve. Nzvimbo dzeFusion, somuenzaniso, kazhinji kazhinji dzine mitemo yakavanzika inorambidza kuunganidzwa kwamashoko kwakavakirwa pamibato inodzivirirwa paProversal Amendgrad.

Kuchengeta Kuvanzika Nokuchengeteka

Mitemo inogoverwa inova bedzi yakachengeteka sezvo wirirano isina kusimba zvikurusa mucheni. Kana sangano rinogamuchira risina matanho akakwana okusashanda pakombiyuta, kuchengetwa kwomutemo kunotapukira ((PII), kero dzapamusha, kana kuti ungwaru . Zvirongwa zvinofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti vakwanyina vavo vanowirirana nemipimo yakadai se CJIS Security Policy[[, iyo inoraira kunyorwa kwemashoko, miteoperation, uye purofiti yezvinoitika.

Kusawirirana Mudare

Humwe ufakazi hunounganidzwa mugadziriro yapamutemo yehurumende hungaputsa mitemo yeimwe nyika. Somuenzaniso, mamiriro ezvinhu anobvumira muunganidzwa usina kukodzera wemashoko enzvimbo yesero 76siteji mumigariro yapakarepo angagoverana mashoko iwayo nehurumende inoda nhevedzano yedare. Kombiyuta inogamuchira ipapo ingava isingakwanisi kushandisa mashoko acho mumhaka yayo (8) kana kuti kunyange kutarisana nechiito chokudzvinyirira. Zvibvumirano zvekubatanidza zvinodudza hwaro hwapamutemo hwekuunganidza nokushandisa zvinogona kuderedza uku kurwisana.

Zvikamu Zvinokosha Zvezvibvumirano ZveDhipatimendi

Zvibvumirano zvetsika ndizvo musimboti wemashoko ose apamutemo. Zvinofanira kutaura zvishoma:

  • Kuwanda kwamaidi - kurondedzera chaizvoizvo kuti izvinyorwai (mutoo, nhau youtsotsi, mishumo yezvinoitika, mabhakitiriya) zvinogoveranwa, uye muchimiroi.
  • [[FORT:0] Purpose ganhuriro - zvinotaura kuti mashoko angangoshandiswa bedzi nokuda kwamadonzo okuchengeta mutemo, kotsekano yavose, kana kuti ruramisiro yeutsotsi inobvumirwa.
  • vara reDHAB – inoda sangano rimwe nerimwe kuva nechokwadi chokururama kwemashoko nokugadziridzwa kwapanguva yakafanira (umh., kubviswa, kugadziridzwa).
  • [[[NHAU] Utsanana hunodzivirira[ - kurayira kuwirirana neCJIS Security Policy, mipimo yokunyora mashoko enhema, uye kuongorora chengeteko kwapanhambo nenhambo.
  • Audit uye kuzvidavirira [ - zvinobatanidza gadziriro dzokuwana matanda, kunyora mapepa okuongorora, uye kushuma zvisina kufanira.
  • Chisarudzo [ - chinotaura kuti kusawirirana pamusoro pedudziro yemashoko kana kuti kubata kuchapedzwa sei.
  • Chibvumirano [ - zvinojekesa zvinoitika kumashoko anogoverana apo chibvumirano chinoguma (mutoo, dzoka kana kuti ruparadziko rwezvinyorwa).

Masangano anozviisa pangozi yokuita zvibvumirano zvepamutemo kana achitaura kuti anoziviswa zviri pamutemo, anoputsa kodzero dzemunhu oga, kana kuti anoputsa chibvumirano.

Miitiro Yakanakisisa Nokuda Kwokumanikidzwa Kwomutemo

Kuronga purogiramu yemashoko apamutemo uye anobudirira kunoda kuti pave nemitemo, rovedzo, uye utarisiri.

Kudziridza Kuziva Kwakajeka ZVINOTARISWA NEPUPU

Vubati hunofanira kubatanidza misengwa yehurumende nehurumende ndokuhwirudzurwa nguva dzose. Hunofanira kurondedzera kuti ndiani ane chiremera chokugoverana mashoko, kupfurikidza nezvinoreva (zvikurukuru, mamiriro ezvinhu akachengeteka, akananga egadziriro yengarava), uye mumigariroi (zvikurukuru, migariro yakananga. kubvunza kwomuitiro kwakagadziridzwa kunobetsera kusimbisa nokudzivirira papomero dzemashoko ounyengeri kana kuti okupa mhaka.

Tanga Zvibvumirano Zvokupindira

Sezvakurukurwa pamusoro apa, chinyorwa chokunzwisisa (MOU) kana kuti mashoko anowirirana chinokosha. Kunofanira kutenderwa nezano rapamutemo nokuda kwamativi ose uye kubviswazve panhambo nenhambo. Nzvimbo zhinji dzokuisira dzinoshandisa matepi emitemo anobva kuU.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) kuti dzive nechokwadi chokuti tsinhirano, asi tsika dzomunzvimbomo dzichiri kudikanwa.

Kushandiswa Kwounyanzvi Hwokuchengetedza

Ruzivo rwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu runogona kubatsira uye kudzivirira kugoverana mashoko. Matanho anokurudzira anosanganisira:

  • Opa mashoko okunyorwa kwemashoko mukufamba uye pakuzorora.
  • Kuratidza kuti zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoshandiswa nevashandisi vose vanopinda pamwe chete.
  • ROW ROWN COMTH kuganhurira kuoneka kwemashoko kune avo vane “vanoda kuziva.”
  • Matanda anoongororwa anonyatsozivikanwa aibudisa mashoko acho, nguva yacho, uye nechinangwa chei.
  • Mashoko anogadzirwa nemotokari anoshandiswa kugadzira zvinhu uye kubvisa zvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira zvinhu kuti zvive zvakarurama.

Nyanzvi dzezvokukurumidzira dzinofanirawo kuita kunzvera kwokutapurika kwenguva dzose nokuedza kunopinda.

Rovedza Kupfuurira Pamisengwa Yapamutemo

Vashandi vose vanobata mashoko anogoveranwa . kubva kuvatumire kuvafeyi-. Vanofanira kunzwisisa mabasa avo apamutemo. Kurovedza kunofanira kuvanza mitemo yakakodzera (Privatacy Act, ECPA, CJIS Security Policy), zvirimo zvezvibvumirano pakati pezvibvumirano, uye kubata kwakafanira kwemashoko anotapukira. Kosi dzegore negore ndedzechiduku. Zvirongwa zvinogona kushandisa kurovedza kwechiono kwesvo (umh., “Unogamuchira chikumbiro chemashoko kubva kune imwe nyika mune imwe nyika muruwa, uye kusimbisa nhanoi dzaunotevera?") kusimbisa kuteererwa?

Mufambiro Unohwirudzurwa Nguva Dzose Nokunatsiridzwa

Nyika yapamutemo nokuda kwezvisingazivikanwi iri kupedzisa nokukurumidza. Hurumende dzemitemo iri kupfuudza mitemo mitsva yakavanzika hwemagetsi, uye mirau yedare (mutoo, Karpeent v. United States pamaidi enzvimbo yemasero siimasasiti) repipei rekariro paufakazi hwemichina. Masangano anofanira kuronga kuhwirudzura kwapamutemo kwegore negore kwemadata .

Kuva Woga uye Kusunungurwa Nevanhu Vose: Kudzikamisa Kuchengeteka Kwavanhu Vose Nekodzero Dzemunhu Mumwe Nomumwe

Kugoverana mashoko anovhiringidza kunogona kubetsera kupedza utsotsi nokukurumidza, kuziva vanyajambwa, uye kudzivisa tyisidziro. Asi pasina dziviriro dzakasimba dzakavanzika, kunogonawo kubvisa chivimbo chavanhu. Mienzaniso yedziviriro dzakadaro inobatanidza:

  • Kuderedza [ – unganidza bedzi mashoko ari madikanwa nokuda kwedonzo chairo rokuchengeta mutemo.
  • Kuchengeta nokubvisa zvirongwa - gadza mitsara yakajeka yenguva nokuda kwenguva inochengetwa mashoko anogoverwa, uye kubvisa mashoko apo anobvumirwa.
  • Kungwarira nokuzvidavirira [[[FLT: 1] - kuratidzira mukuru mukuru wehurumende yekodzero dzavanhu kana kuti mukuru mukuru wehurumende ane chiremera chokunzvera zvichemo ndokushuma zviwanwa kuutungamiriri hukuru.
  • Trap - zvinobudisa mushumo wegore negore pamusoro pemibato yemashoko (pasina kubvumiranisa pane zvisina kufanira nzvero) kuzivisa vanhu.

Nzvimbo zhinji dzokuisa nadzo dzakagamuchira mitemo yokuzvidira [[FLT: 0] yokusasarura [[FLT: 1] inopfuura pamutemo. Kuenzanisira idzodzi kunogona kubetsera sangano kuratidzira kuzvipira kwaro kurusununguko rwavagari vemo.

Kubatana Kwezvigadzirwa Zvemazuva Ano Nezvishandiso Zvakachengetedzwa

Mazita anoona nezvokuchengetwa kwomutemo azvino uno kazhinji kazhinji anotsamira pazvikuva zvakadai semiitiro yakachengeteka yokugoveranisa mashoko (zvikurukuru, LELOlínk, NLETS). Masangano anofanira kuyera kugadzirwa kwechengeteko kwechikuva chipi nechipi chinogoveranwa pamberi pokukumbanira. Zvifungwa zvikuru:

  • Chikuva chinotsigira kuwanikwa kwebasa uye zvibvumirano zvakaisvonaka here?
  • Mashoko ose akanyorwa asina kunyorwa here?
  • Chikuva chinopesana nezvinodiwa nehurumende here (muchiito, FadRAMP nokuda kwemabasa anoitwa mumakore)?
  • Mugoveri anochengeta magwaro echengeteko akazvimirira here?

Kuti apedze nguva chaiyo yokupana mashoko, masangano angada kuisa mari mumagedhi anoshandura masangano anoshandiswa pakuongorora zvinhu akasiyana - siyana achichengetedza matanda. Kunyange kana pachishandiswa ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, kutarisira kunoramba kuine ngozi, kupiwa mashoko kunofanira kuongororwa nemukuru mukuru ane chiremera asati aparadzira muzviitiko zvakawanda zvine chokuita nokusanzwisisana.

Kuwedzera Nokuongorora Kunopfuurira

purogiramu yokubatanidza haitongo “itwe nokukanganwa.” Mitemo inofanira kuitisa kunzvera kwomukati kwapanhambo nenhambo kusimbisa kuti mashoko anogoverana ari kushandiswa mutsinhirano nezvibvumirano nezvinodikanwa zvapamutemo. Misoro yokuhwirudzura mukati mekunzvera inobatanidza:

  • Ko marobhoti ose anonyatsowanika akanyorwa here?
  • Pazviitiko zvose zvokushandisa mashoko kuti ashandiswe pazvinangwa pasina kubvumirana kwacho.
  • Kana kugoverana majeko asina mvumo (se., kopi yakatumirwa neemail) yakaitika.
  • Batanidzwa nerokuchengeta mashoko nokuparadza.

Zviwanwa zvenhevedzo zvinofanira kushumwa kuutungamiriri hwesangano uye, muzvinoitika zvezvinhu zvisingawirirani, kuhama dzinowirirana. Zviito zvokururamisa (*) zvakadai serovedzo yokuwedzera, gadziridzo yegadziriro, kana kuti chinjo muvashandi) zvinofanira kucherekedzwa nokusimbiswa.

Kuvimba Noruzhinji Nokuzvidavirira

Pakupedzisira, kugoveranisa mashoko emitemo iropafadzo inopiwa navanhu. Zvirongwa zvinoshanda nenzira yakajeka, nedziviriro dzakasimba dzapamutemo nedzechivande, zvinovaka chivimbo chiri madikanwa kutsigira batira pamwe refu. Chivimbo chavanhu chakabatanawo zvakananga nokushandiswa kunooneka kwokururamisira kwemashoko. Kana nzanga dzichidavira kuti mashoko anogoverana zvipfuro zvisingaenzaniswi, zvinogona kusekesa batira pamwe nouchenjeri hunogoverana nokuchengetwa kwomutemo.

Kuti vavimbe nevamwe, masangano anofanira:

  • Itawo chimwe chinhu nevanotarisira kuti zvinhu zvishandiswe munzanga paunenge uchinyora mashoko Xana anodzorwa nemitemo inorambidza kufambidzana.
  • Purisha tsananguro dzakajeka, dzinosvikika dzokuti mashoko anogoverana anodzivirirwa sei.
  • Gadza dare rinotarisira vasiri varwi kana kuti dare rakavanzika kuti rihwirudzure miitiro.
  • Pindura nokukurumidza uye nenzira yakajeka kuzvikumbiro zvavose (pamwe pacho pamusoro pokuchengetwa kwomutemo kusingabvumirwi).

mhedziso

Mashoko anobudirira kugoverana pakati pemasangano ehurumende neanotarisira mutemo womunzvimbomo anogona kuvandudza zvikuru nhamburiko dzekotsekano yavose — kukurumidza kuzivikanwa kwevanonyumwira, nhau dzoutsotsi hwakakwana zvikuru, uye kubatana kwemifungo patyisidziro dzinobuda. Bva kutsinhana kwemashoko kumwe nokumwe kunotakura misengwa yapamutemo isingagoni kufuratirwa. Mitemo yapachivande, mipimo yechengeteko, uye zvibvumirano zvokuchengetedzwa zvapamutemo zvinofanira kushanda mukonzanyo yomunhu oga ndokuchengeta perero yemabasa okuchengeta mutemo.

Kupfurikidza nokutanga miitiro yakajeka inowirirana nezvinodikanwa zvomubatanidzwa nehurumende, kutanga zvibvumirano zvetsika, kushandisa matanho akasimba echengeteko, kugovera rovedzo inopfuurira, uye kuzvipira kudzorwa kwenguva dzose, masangano anogona kudzora simba remashoko achigoverana achiramba ari kurutivi rworudyi rwomutemo. Kugoverana mashoko echiremera hakungopiwi murairo bedzi pamutemo kunofanira kuvakirwa kuchengeta chivimbo chavose chinoita kuti mapurisa abudirire.