Raje Sabra: Chibvumirano cheBumbiro reMitemo Chokumirira Hurumende

Raje Sabra, kana kuti Council of States, iimba yapamusoro yeParamende yeIndia yeBadamaral. Rongedzero yayo yakagadzirwa noune neConstituent Assembly kuti igovere nzvimbo apo fariro dzenyika nenzvimbo dzokubatanidza zvingagona kuziviswa pamwero wenyika. Kusafanana neLok Sabhaha, inomirira vanhu zvakananga, Raja Sabra inomirira nyika semapoka ehurumende. Musiyano uyu unokosha kuti tinzwisise kuti mitezo yeRajiya Sabra (MP) inoshanda sei semikoto yezvido zveruwa mukati megadziriro yemitemo yehurumende.

Chikamu 80 cheBumbiro reMitemo reIndia chinoisa pasi kuumbwa kweRaje Sabha. Chinodonongodza kuti simba gurusa reimba yacho imitezo 250, iyo 238 inosarudzwa nemitezo yakasarudzwa yemagungano ehurumende uye nekoreji dzinosarudzwa nokuda kwenzvimbo dzomubatanidzwa. Mitezo 12 yasara inosarudzwa naPurezi nokuda kwounyanzvi hwavo muminda yakadai semabhuku, sayenzi, unyanzvi, uye basa renzanga. Iyi purojeti inovimbisa kuti zvose zviri zviviri kumirira nyika noruzivo rwezivo zvinozivisa muitiro worudzi.

Donzo guru reRaje Sabra nderokuita senzvimbo yokutsiva nokugovera chekero paLok Sabhaha simba renyika isina kubatana. Kuoma zvikuru, inoshanda sedziviriro nokuda kwehurumende. Muitiro wekumiririra unoshandiswa nokuda kwesarudzo] inotanhanhanhanhanhanharo (STV)(masvota kuti mapoka maduku ane inzwi. Iyi inzira yakananga kunzira dzose dzinogamuchirwa muLok Sabbaha. Savha.

Kusarudzwa kweRaje Sabha Mitezo: Kushandiswa Kwemari Nokuda Kwedzikamo

Raje Sabra haasarudzwi zvakananga nevanhu vose.Panzvimbo pezvo, vanosarudzwa neMML S of the Vidhan Sabbah. iyi sarudzo isina kunanga inosimbisa pfungwa yokuti Rajiya Sabhaha MPs anowana murairo wavo kubva kudare rehurumende, kwete kubva kuvhota.

Muitiro Wokufambisa Mumwe Chete

Musi weSTAV, travota imwe neimwe asi inogona kuisa vada kutevedzana. Chikamu chinodikanwa kuwina chigaro chinoverengwa achishandisa mutoo: mavhoti ose anoshanda akakamurwa ne (Nhamba yezvigaro pamwe chete nechinhu chimwe), uye imwe. Iyi gadziriro inobvumira kuiswa kwemipimo yemipimo yezvamatongerwe enyika yakasiana - siana munyika. Inodzivisa boka guru kusatsvaira zvigaro zvose uye inovimbisa kuti mapoka eruwa namagaro anowanawo mufananidzo.

Somuenzaniso, kana hurumende ine 100 MMS uye inosarudza mitezo mishanu yeRajiya Sabha, chiverengero i100/(5+1)+1 = 17 (panongedzero). Mudavi upi noupi anosvika mavhoti 17 anosarudzwa. Vhoti dzinobva kuvada kuhwina dzinochinjirwa kuzvisarudzo zvinotevera. Iyi nhevedzano yakaoma kudarika nokuvaka pamwe chete kunyange mutezo usati wapinda muParamende. Inoita somubatanidzwa muduku wenhau yehurumende.

Kuparadzirwa Kwemaseatt Nenzira Youngwaru

Chigadziko cheRaje Sabba chinobva pavagari venyika. Nyika huru dzakafanana naUttar Pradesh dzinotumira mitezo 31, nepo nyika duku dzakafanana naSikkim dzichitumira imwe bedzi. Iyi mhando yakasiana inovimbisa kuti nyika dzakawanda dzine pesvedzero inowirirana, asi STV inodzorwa nedzidziso huru. nharaunda dzeStyle naPuucherry dzinobatanidzawo mitezo yakasarudzwa, ichiparira mhatsa yeimba.

Commission yokusarudza yeIndia inotarisira mufambiro weSarudzo. Shoko renhengo ndimakore matanhatu, netatu yeimba inorega basa makore maviri ari ose. Uku kuzununguka kunopa dzikamo kuimba uye kunobvumira mitezo kutanga unyanzvi hwenhambo refu panhau dzehurumende.

Mabasa eRaje Sabha Mutezo Wokudzivirira Fariro Dzehurumende

Raje Sabra ane mabasa maviri: anobatanidzwa mukuita mitemo yenyika uye anoita panguva imwe cheteyo savamiriri venyika dzawo.

Kuongorora Kwomutemo uye Kuchinja

Mutezo uri wose unopfuudzwa neLok Sabba (kunze kweMari Mari) unofanira kurangarirwa neRaja Sabha. Mukati mouyu muitiro, mitezo inobva kunyika yakapiwa inogona kubvisa wirirano idzo dzinokurukura zvakananga zvinetso zvomunharaunda. Somuenzaniso, mutezo womumhenderekedzo yegungwa ungakarakadza chinjo kumitemo yokudzivirira kodzero dzokuredza dzomunzvimbomo. Nepo Rajiya Sabba asingagoni kuramba chose chose chose mari Bill, inogona kurumbidza kugadziriswa, uye Lok Sabbaha angazvigamuchira kana kuti kuzviramba. Nokuda kwezvimwe zvikwereti, Rayya Sabha ine simba rakaenzana. Muchinoitika chokugara pamwe chete, mukuru weLoka Sabha anowanzova.

Kusimudzira Nhau Dzehurumende Pasi Peawa Yembeu Nekufamba Kwokuzvinyima

Nguva yezai inobvumira mitezo kumutsa nhau dzokukurumidzira pasina chiziviso. Raje Sabha MPs anowanzoshandisa ikoku kusimbisa njodzi dzoruwa dzakananga dzakadai sokusanaya kwemvura, tsaona dzenzvimbo dzamabasa okugadzirwa kwezvinhu, kana kuti kakavadzano dzemiganhu. Kutora matanho, kunyange zvazvo kusingawanzobvumwa nemhaka yemitemo yorumano, kunogona kuita kuti nyika iteerere mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ehurumende imwe. Masangano akadaro eparamende ndiwo chishandiso chikuru chemitezo kuti ipinze zvinhu zvomunzvimbomo muhurukuro huru.

Kubatsira Pamitemo Yemari uye Kubhajeti

Kunyange zvazvo Raje Sabra asingagoni kutsiva kana kuti kuramba mari, inogona kukurukura mari Bill (isiri mari inobhadharwa nezvimwe zvikwereti zvokushandisa. Mitezo inoshandisa iyi kurukurirano kuti ikwikwidze mari yakawanda nokuda kwepfuma, utano, uye dzidzo. Somuenzaniso, nhengo inobva kuruwa rwokumusorommammammammammammavi ingasimudzira nokuda kwezvitsama zvemari muPriciation Status. Matare anomira anoisa kudikanwa kwemari yehurumende kazhinji kazhinji anobatanidza mapepa ehurumende anopiwa naRaja Sabra.

Masimba EchiQuasi-Federal: Chikamu 249 uye Chikamu 312

Pasi peChikamu 249, Raje Sabha anogona kupfuudza chisarudzo chinobvumira Paramende kuisa pamutemo panhau yenyika kwenhambo yechinguvana kana iri mufariro yenyika. Iri simba rinoisa dare rinokwanisa zvapamwe kugadzira mitemo apo rinenge richidikanwa ( asi kana bedzi mitezo yaro miviri yezvitatu yabvumirana. Nenzira yakafanana, Rajaya Sabba ane basa mukugadzira Hurumende yose yeIndia pasi peChikamu 312. Mitezo yeruwa ine tsika dzakasimba kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji inodzivisa mibato yeminamasangano yekomunifomu, ichitaura kuti hurumende dzinofanira kuramba dzichidzora kadhi yayo imene. Idzi kurukurirano dziri mukati me Rajaya Sabba inotapura zvakananga ukama hwehurumende.

Matare Eparamende: Uko Fariro Dzehurumende Dzinosanonzvera

Rajeya Sabra basa rapashure reSabra rinoitirwa kunze kwekamuri guru, mumatare. Iwawawa (akamira, anosarudza, joina, uye ad hoc(apo mabhiri ari mutsetse unochinjirwa. Matare anoratidzira simba rebato mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri. Mitezo yaRaje Sabha inounza unyanzvi hwavo hwenzvimbo mumisangano iyoyi.

Matare Akamira Akaumbwa neDhipatimendi

Kune matare 24 ane chokuita nenzvimbo dzinomirira dzinofukidza mabasa ose. dare rimwe nerimwe rinobatanidza mitezo inobva mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri. Raja Sabha mutezo womugodhi unorema saJarkand angabatira paDare paEnergy, umo anogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti kuronga mitemo yemarasha hakukuvadzi nzanga dzomunzvimbomo. Nenzira yakafanana, mutezo wehurumende yokurima sePunjab paDare rePurcial anogona kumanikidzira nokuda kweMiSP (Minhost Succed Price). Mitemo yedare reProgit [FLT: 0] Rajahabhabha dare remitem remitemo yemitenzi yemitengo.

Sarudza Matare Pamabhiri

Apo mutengo unomutsa nharo ungapinzwa kudare rinosarudza. Somuenzaniso, Goods and Services Task (GST) Bill akanzverwa nedare rakasarudzwa reRaje Sabha uyo akabatanidza mitezo yakabva kunyika ine mativi akasiyana. Zvikarakadzo zvavo zvakatungamirira kuchinjo mugadziriro dzemibayiro nokuda kwokuita kurasikirwa. Uyu muenzaniso wakasimba wekunyorwa kwefariro dzehurumende mumutemo kupfurikidza nebasa redare.

Basa Ragavhuna Mukuongorora Mifananidzo Yoruwa

Vice Purezidhendi weIndia ndiwaichimbova mukuru mukuru weRaje Sabba. Kusafanana naLok Sabha Speaker, Hair ane simba rakaganhurirwa(84) achivhota, somuenzaniso. Zvisinei, Mutariri anogona kubvumira kududzwa chaiko kwenhau dzehurumende uye kubvumira zvikwereti zvemitezo yavanhu zvinobva muitiro dzehurumende dzakananga. Kutonga kwaSinai weSairman kazhinji kazhinji kunogadza miganhu yenguva yakawanda nokuda kwenhau dzomunharaunda.

Kuenzanisa naLok Sabha: Chikonzero Nei Raje Sabha Ari Nyika Yakawanda neSensitive

Chinonyanya kunzwisiswa ndechokuti Lok Sabba ine simba zvikuru nokuti inodzora mukuru mukuru webasa.

  • Drect vs Idict Equality: Lok Sabha MPs inosarudzwa navanhu; Raja Sabha MPs anosarudzwa nedzinosarudzwa nedzimhosva. Ikoku kunoita kuti chivako chive chinotsamira paboka rehurumende rezvamatongerwe enyika.
  • [ Tritorial Enfancege: Mutezo weRajiya Sabha unomirira nyika yose, kwete kudzorwa. Ikoku kunoreva kuti vanogona kutsigira nhau dzenzvimbo yehurumende pasina kuvhiringidzwa pakati pezvinodikanwa zvomunzvimbomo nemirairo yepati.
  • [[FOLT:0] . . . . . . . . . . . Kupfuurira kunobvumira mitezo kuvaka ukama nemafaira zvakachengetwa kwenguva refu zvinodikanwa kwamakore.
  • Masimba eIndiya: Raja Sabha bedzi anogona kutanga chisarudzo pasi peChikamu 249 (mutemo wemhindu worudzi rwose parusano rwehurumende) kana kuti kubvumira kuumbwa kweMabasa matsva ose eIndia. Aya masimba anopa basa rakasiana rokuchengeta masuo pamusoro pefutunuko yomubatanidzwa.
  • Kuvhota pamusoro peMitemo yeBumbiro reMitemo: Dzimwe gadziridzo dzinoda kugadziriswa neinenge hafu yedzimba dzehurumende pashure pokupfuura dzimba dzose dziri mbiri. Rajiya Sabha kazhinji kazhinji anosarudza achingwarira miganhu mikuru yemitemo munyika yavo vamene, ichibatanidza mitsetse miviri yehurumende.

Nemhaka yeiyi misiano youvaki, Raje Sabha anowanzoshanda sehafu yemabhotoro nokuda kwezvikwereti zvinotsika hurumende kuzvitonga. Hurumende inofanira kuita bvumirano yezvipingamupinyi muimba ino, ichipa mapoka maduku namapoka akavakirwa pahurumende zvikwaniriso zvisingaenzaniswi.

Fundo Dzenhau: Kuratidzirwa Kunobudirira Kwefariro Dzehurumende

Kukurukurirana kweTelangana Bill

Apo Andhh Pradesh Reorganigtion Act yainyorwa, Raja Sabra mitezo inobva kuTelangana neAndhra yakarwa zvakaoma. Aichimbova maMP saK. Kesava Rao na N. Chandrababu Naidu akashandisa imba kukumbira nguva yakajeka yokusikwa kwenyika itsva uye matura emari. Kukurukurirana muRaja Sabba kwakanatsa gadziriro dzemari pakugoverana mari uye zvirongwa zvokutarisira, zvichiratidzira mifashoni yeruwa yakadzika kuti Lok Sabha, nesharoti yayo yebato, yaisagona kutaura zvakakwana.

Kuchamhembe - mmammammast Kunodikanwa Kuva Munzvimbo Chaiyo

Raje Sabra MPs dzinobva kunyika dzakadai seNagaland, Mizoram, uye Arunachal Pradesh dzinomutsa nguva dzose nhau yeChikamu 371 (gadziriro chaidzo). Vakashandisa nenzira inobudirira gadziriro dzedare kuisa gadziriro muFest Rights Act neLand Acquisition Act inoremekedza gadziriro dzenyika dzemo. Pasina Rajiya Sabba, idzi fariro dzomunzvimbomo dzingadai dzakadzorwa nevoruzhinji veLok Sabbaha.

Nharo Yokuongorora

Mukati mokuitwa kweGST, nyika dzinoverengeka, zvikurukuru idzo dzine chizvarwa chemari yakawanda saGujarat naMaharashtra, dzaida muripo nokuda kwokurasikirwa nemari. Raja Sabhaha mitezo yakadai seP. Chidyaram nedzimwe dzinobva mukugadzira zvinhu dzakamutsazve nhau yacho mukutaura chaiko nenharo. GST Act yakabatanidza mugumisiro wakananga wedzvinyiriro kubva kuvamiriri vehurumende muimba yapamusoro.

Zvinetso Nekutsoropodza kwaRaje Sabha

Sabhinasi rinopa nharo kuti Raje Sabha ava musha wemadhinarindi wevezvematongerwe enyika vasingagoni kuhwina Lok Sabba sarudzo. Sezvo nhengo dzisinganangi vvurudzo yakananga, vangasazvidavirira kuvagari vehurumende dzavo. Uyezve, chirango chebato chinogona kukurira fariro dzehurumende: nhengo yehurumende ingavhota neboka rehurumende kunyange kana zvichikuvadza zvido zvehurumende yake, nokuti basa rake rinenge riine chokuita noutungamiriri hwebato.

Imwe chinyorwa i [[FT: 0] yehurumende huru. Apo gadziriro yeSTV inopa inzwi kumativi maduku, mugove wezvigaro uchiri wezvibvumirano zvikuru zvakadai seUttar Pradesh, ine mitezo 31. Mubatanidzwa wenyika duku unowanzotambura kuwirirana nenzwi iroro. Kupfuurirazve, kushaikwa kweshoko rakagadzwa reimba (kupfuura nhengo yegore gumi) kunoreva kuti mimwe mitezo inorasikirwa nenhau dzinodavirwa nenhau dzinodavirwa.

Kunewo chinetso che simba remari nokupa mari. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, Rajiya Sabba yakaona tsoropodzo dzemari yokunyengera, apo MMS inopfumbadzirwa kuvhotera muvhoti yerimwe boka. Ikoku kunoshatisa batano yemimiriri pakati peimba yehurumende neyaRaja Sabba mutendi. PRS Ligis renzvero yoKunzvera [ painoshandiswa kuvhotera kuti boka remichinjikwa rinowanzokundikana sei kuratidzira kuti zvikarakadzo zvamazauko kana zvikarakadzo zvemari zviri zvakakwirira.

Kuchinja Kunomirira Hurumende Kunosimbiswa muRaje Sabha

Zvikarakadzo zvinoverengeka zvokuchinja zvakarongwa kuti Raje Sabha abudirire zvikuru mukumirira fariro dzehurumende.

  • Kusarudzwa kwemitezo: Vamwe vanotaura kuti kana Raje Sabha akasarudzwa zvakananga navanhu venyika, aizova anozvidavirira zvikuru. Zvisinei, ikoku kwaizodzikamisa musiyano pakati pedzimba mbiri ndokuderedza vagari vomubatanidzwa.
  • Kuregwa kweBoka reWip Comment FUP: Mumitemo yazvino, tyava inoshanda muRaja Sabbavha votav. Kana mitezo ikabvumirwa kuvhota norusununguko pamabhiri anotapura misoro yenyika, fariro dzehurumende dzingadzivirirwa zviri nani. [[FLT:] Economic nePolitical Weekly yakakurukura kushandira kwomutemo unodzivisa kutsiva wehurumende kurayya Sabba.
  • Yakagadzirirwa Hamai: Mutungamiriri wePurezidhendi, seahrio Sipendi, ane nguva yakaganhurirwa. Gavhuna wenguva yakazara akagadzwa nokuda kwenhambo yakatarwa anogona kudzora zviri nani bhizimisi rehurumende.
  • Tsika yeDare rinosimbisa: Nhamba yamatare ane chokuita nebato yaigona kukudzwa, uye Raja Sabha Sabha yaigona kuvagarira chigaro kazhinji kazhinji. Mishumo yavo inofanira kuva inosungirwa paminamateri kutoti yatototongerwa nomutoo chaiwo.

Dzimwe nyika dzakarayirawo kuparadzwa kweRaje Sabha pachadzo, dzichiti inzvimbo isina hurumende.

Mugumisiro: Basa Rinokosha reRaje Sabha muMasangano eIndia

Raje Sabra idikanwi neimba yerabha. Mitezo yayo inosarudzwa nenzira isina kunanga nedzimba dzehurumende, inovapa murairo wechienzi wokutaura itiro hanya dzenharaunda pamwero wapakati. Kupfurikidza nekurukurirano dzemitemo, nzvero yedare, tsinhiro chaidzo, uye masimba ebumbiro remitemo, ivo vanova nechokwadi chokuti mamiriro enzvimbo akasiyana- siyana eIndia (kubva kumakomo eUttarakhand kusvikira kumhenderekedzo dzeKeralah(hasi ine inzwi muDelhi.)

Zvisinei, kubudirira kwomufananidzo uyu kunotsamira pakuperera kwebasa rokusarudza, kuzvimirira kwenhengo dzebato dzinorohwa, uye kuda kwehurumende kuteerera. Painoshanda zvakanaka, Rajiya Sabhaha inoshanda senzvimbo inotenderera mugadziriro yeIndia yeCheasifederal, kudzikamisa kubatana kweimba yepasi nefariro dzenguva refu dzenyika. Munhu upi noupi anodzidza nezvechiIndia, anonzwisisa Rajiya Sabhaha anokosha kuti anzwisise kuti fariro dzehurumende ndedzipi, uye haasati achitarisirwa kudikasharidzwa panzvimbo yehurumende yeruwa yeIndia.