Chitanga Kukurukurwa: Kuchinja Kwematongerwe Enyika eJapan

Gadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika yeJapan, yakaratidzirwa kare noudzori hunoswedera pedyo nepakati peLiberal Democratic Party (LDP) Chifo cha 1955, yakawana kukamukana kukuru mumakore makumi maviri apfuura. Chimwe chezvinoitika zvinokosha zvikurusa kukwira kwakadzikama kwemasangano enzvimbo dzeruwa nerezvamatongerwe enyika kunoisa fariro dzomunzvimbomo, kuzivikanwa kwetsika, uye kudzorwa kwehurumende pamusoro penzvimbo dzapakati, Tokyo nerechikamu chakarondedzera nyika. Mapoka acho akabatanidza zvikuru kusagutsikana nenzvimbo dzakasiana kwezvemari pakati pemaguta namaruwa, chishuvo chokugamuchira kugamuchirwa kukuru kwehurumende kwomunzvimbomo, uye kupanikira kwapamhikanhete kunzvimbo dzekare. Nepo zvichiramba zviri zvikamu zviduku muDity (chitima chenyika yeJapan), pesvedzero yazvokuchinja kurukurirano, uye kubatira kurukurirano kwezvamatongerwe enyika munguva yemberi.

Nhoroondo: Kubva paLDP Hegemony Kuenda Pakuparadzana Kwematongerwe Enyika

Nokuda kweyakawanda zvikurusa yenhambo yeHondo Yenyika II, gadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika yeJapan yakarondedzerwa neinonzi “Urongwa hweChimiro cheJapan,” umo vezvokusachinja veLDP vakabata simba rinenge risina kuvhiringidzwa apo Japan Socialist Party (JSP) yakabatira sechishoro chikuru. Iyi gadziriro yakaparira dzikamo asi yakatungamirirawo kuhurumende yakabudirira zvikuru uko mabhureti anodzora bhajeti, mabasa avose, uye gadziriro dzomutemo. Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo, kunyange zvazvo dzakasimbiswa nomutemo munyaidzo yorudzi nemirairo yapakati. Kufambidzana neiyi gadziriro yakashandukira kwamakumi amakore asi isingawanzoshandurirwa muzvikamu zvinotsiva muTokyo kusvikira muna 1990.

Zviitiko zvikuru zviviri zvakaputsa udzori hweLDP. Chokutanga, sarudzo ya 1993 yakarasikirwa nevoruzhinji vayo kwenguva yokutanga chifo chokuvambwa kwayo, kuchitungamirira kunhevedzano yehurumende dzemibatanidzwa inogara kwenguva pfupi. Nhambo iyoyo yakasuma chinjo dzezvisarudzo nenhengo huru dzakavhengana muNhare yeAdventies. Yakaderedza mhinganidzo yezvigaro zvavanhu vaduku zvikuru. Chechipiri, kupfuudza kwemari kwakarebesa kutevera kuputika kwemitengo yemari muna 1991 kwakashata zvikuru chivimbo mumano ehurumende yepakati okutarisira upfumi hweruwa. Muichi nyika ino yakaorera, mapoka okutanga azvino uno akatanga kubuda.

Muenzaniso wapakuvamba zvikurusa wakanga uri weJapan New Party [Nihon Shintō] yakavambwa naMorihiro Hosokawa muna 1993, iyo yakakwidza pagadziridzo yezvamatongerwe enyika nokudzorwa. Kunyange zvazvo yakanyangarika mumakore mashomanene, yakagadza muenzaniso kuti vatungamiriri vomunzvimbomo vadenhe mugariro. Zvisinei, hakuna kutangira kuma 2000 ayo mapoka akadzikwa muruwa akawana kuvapo kusingagumi kwesangano.

Mapati Anokosha Ehurumende Nezvinoitika Zvawo Zvendangariro

Kubva pane vaya vanotsvaka kuchinja mutemo uye kudzora kusvika pane vaya vainyanya kutaura nezvenyaya dzakati dzomunzvimbomo dzakadai sedzimba dzemauto kana kuti kutsidzirwa mune zvemari.

Boka Rokuvandudza RokuJapan (Nippon Ishin kwete Kai)

Pasina panikiro boka reruwa ranobudirira zvikurusa nerakatanhamara muJapan yapanguva imwe cheteyo, Japan Innovation Party (kazhinji kazhinji inonongedzerwa kwairi seIshin) yakavambwa muna 2012 navaichimbova vatongi vaviri: Tōru Hashimoto, mukuru mukuru weOsaka Prefecture, uye Ichirō Matsui, meya weOsaka City. Purogiramu yapakuvamba yakavakirwa pakushandura Osaka kuva “murwi wematuroli” akafanana ne 23 eTokyo, ane chiremera chikuru zvikuru cheOsaka nechomutemo. Zvisinei, Shin akakurumidza kuwedzera chinzvimbo chayo kuzvamatongerwe enyika zvorudzi, achireverwa nokuda kwegadziriro yakakwana yeboka rokutonga reJapan.

Zvinzvimbo zvikuru zvemitemo yeJapan Industruction Party zvinosanganisira:

  • Kuderedza: Kuderedza kana kuti kuderedza zvikuru basa ravakuru ndokuzvitsiva nemitemo mikuru, yokuzvidzora.
  • Kuchinja kwechiKonsitution: Kuwedzera chitsama chemashoko chinovimbisa zvakajeka utongi hwomunharaunda, kunyange zvazvo paine chikwata chacho chakatsigirawo kubvumira Chikamu 9 kuti chibvumire chiuto chakazara.
  • Rusununguko rwemari: Kucheka tape tsvuku nokuda kwamabhizimisi, zvikurukuru mabhizimisi maduku naane mwero munharaunda.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kuchinja kwedzidzo: kupinza makwikwi pakati pezvikoro zvavose kupfurikidza nezvisarudzo zvechikoro namapepa anotsigisa.

Marongerwo ezvisarudzo zveIshin akwira zvakatsiga. Mujambwa ra 2021 ravose, rakawana zvigaro 41 muImba yaVamiririri, richiiita boka rechitatu rakura. Rinoitawo kuti pave nehurumende yeOsaka uye kuvapo kwakasimba munharaunda yeKansai. Kudisa kwebato kubatira pamwe neLDP padzimwe nhau (g., kukura kwemari) nepo vamwe (umt., bhajeti yemari yapakati) yakaita kuti ive mutambi asingadeyi kuzivikanwa asi anokosha mukuvaka mubatanidzwa. Vacherekedzi vekunze kunomirira chimiro chechiShin chinomirira “chidhina chenyika inodzokororo": zvose zviri zviviri iboka rinowana shandudzodzo dzomugariro wakasiana nemotokari yetsika nepfuupfumi yeKansna.

Boka Remagariro Evanhu reOkinawa Neboka Romunzvimbomo

Okinawa yave iri nzvimbo yakakurumbira yemirangariro yeruwa, yakasundwa zvikurukuru nokuvapo kukuru kwemauto eUnited States uye nhaka yenhau yoUmambo hweRyukyu. Okinawa Social Mass Party[ [[[Kurot:1] (Okinawa Shakai Taishūtō]) yakavambwa muna 1952 uye inopfuurira kutsigira kubviswa kana kuderedzwa kwezvivako zveAmerica, dziviriro yemhoteredzo, uye kuzvibatanidza kukuru zvikuru nokuda kwechiwi. Nepo isingatsvaki kuzvimirira nenzira yapamutemo, kutaura kwayo kunosimbisa sokubva kumaJapan.

MuDiet yerudzi, boka racho rinowanzowirirana namapoka anoshora (kazhinji kazhinji Constitution Democratic Party yeJapan kana kuti chiKomonisiti yeJapan) kufambisira mberi purogiramu yaro. Pesvedzero yaro ndeyomunzvimbomo asi ine revo yorudzi, zvikurukuru mukati mebvumirano yechengeteko yeU.S. muna 2018, gavhuna weOkinavia Denny Tamaki je waichimbova mutezo weSocial Mas Party /won yakakomba pakudzivisa kubviswa kwenzvimbo yendege yeFutenma kuHenoko. Rukundo irworwo irworwo rwakasimbisa simba rekurukurirano yekurukurirano yeko yezvokudzivirira kunyange boka rimwe rePritarianure kuti ritsigire dziviriro yorudzi.

Mamwe Mapati Oruwa Neomunzvimbomo

Kupfuura iyi mienzaniso miviri mikuru, chiverengero chakati chamapati maduku enharaunda navanoda kuzvimirira vakabuda mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya:

  • Tokyoites Kutanga (Tomin Hakusi Kai):[FLT 1] Yakavambwa naGavhuna weTokyo Yuriko Koike muna 2017, iri boka rakawina sarudzo yeTokyo Metropolitan Assembly muna 2017 panzvimbo yechinjo yehurumende uye kujeka kukuru. Kunyange zvazvo iri nzvimbo yeguta panzvimbo padzo panzvimbo pe “chikamu chegore”, kubudirira kwaro kwakaratidza kufadza kwematomubatanidzwa enyika omunzvimbomo kunyange mudzimbahwe.
  • SEKA no Kai (Boka reHurumende Yakanaka): Mubato womunzvimbomo muKōchi Prefecture yakanangidzira ngwariro patsigiro yokurima uye mirau yokuderedza uwandu.
  • Mapoka ezvimiriro zvenharaunda: Kunyange zvazvo ari mumucheto, mapoka muHokkaido, Tohoku, uye Kyushu anowanzoda kuti vanhu vazvimiririre. Mapati aya haawanzohwina zvigaro zveDiet asi anogona kupesvedzera magungano eruwa.

Kusiyana - siyana kweaya mapoka kunoratidza idi rokuti chikwata chomuJapan hachisi pfungwa imwe chete asi kusiyana - siyana kunobva pakuchinja kwehurumende kusvika kuzvamatongerwe enyika zvinotsamira pakuzivikanwa.

Zvinhu Zvinoita Kuti Vatyaire: Chikonzero Nei Mapati Oruwa Ari Kuwana Kuparadzirwa

Kumuka kwemapati enzvimbo dzacho hakungoitiki netsaona.

Misiyano Yemari ne “Tokyopulpie”

Chishamiso chemari cheJapan chapambwa nemukana wemari mudzimbahwe. Tokyo nehurumende dzayo dzakapoteredza zvino dzinogadzira inenge chikamu chimwe chezvitatu cheGDP yorudzi rwacho, nepo vakuru vakuru vokumaruwa vakadai saTottori, Shimane, uye Akita vakava nefundo isingaperi, vanhu vakwegura, uye mitero. Hurumende yepakati inotamiswa neavhareji yemari neavhareji yeguta. (8) kupfurikidza neMoneral Altation Baccos / zvave zvisina kukwana kumisa kufambiswa kwavanhu vaduku. Mukuwirirana ne20222 yefundo yeNational Graduate Institute yeProgials, nharaunda dzomumaruwa dzinogamuchira kuendesa kwenhambo yegore nenhambo yegore rimwe nerimwe. Voter inopfuurira kushamba dzavo dzezvirongwa munyika idzi dzinova dzinova dzinova dzinoda kudzorwa zvikuru kuti dziwane zvipikirwa kuti dziwane zvinangwa nokuda kwokuva vadzokorodzani vadzokorodzani dzavo dzomunzvimbomo nokuda kwezvipfuro zvezvipfuudzo zvezvipfuno zvehurumende zveNational Gradual Gricricries, nzvimbo dzomumaruwa

Kutendeseka Kwesangano Nokukwezva kwe “Autonomy Yomunzvimbomo”

Pasinei zvapo nemitemo inowirirana nemitemo yemitemo inosarudzwa navanhu, Japan inoramba iri imwe yehurumende dzinotonga dzakakwirira zvikurusa. Hurumende yepakati inodzora inopfuura 70% yemari yose yemitero, uye hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinodikanirwa kupedzera chikamu chikuru chemari yadzo yemari papurogiramu dzakarairwa neTokyo. Chikarakadzo cheReformation kubvisa mitero yakawanda uye kushandisa chiremera chakakurukurwa kwamakumi amakore akawanda. Kusimudzira Mutemo [ kwa195] uye Kuchinja [[FLT] kwakawanda kwa [FLT] kwaitwenge kwaita TSVUTSVUSA kwakatanga kuendesa masimba apakuvamba kudzoro, asi mafati anoramba. Masangano echidhina anokasharira nouyu mu “Geneauto remitemo, [FLT] muhurumende yomunyika inotonga, iyo inoda kupfurikidza nemitemo yedzidzo yomunzvimbomo, pasina kutendera, nyika inotongedzerwa dzidzo yenyika.

Kuderera Kweupenyu uye Kuora Mwoyo

Chiverengero chavagari vemo cheJapan chiri kuderera uye kukwegura nokukurumidza kupfuura chiya cheimwe upfumi ipi neipi yakakwirira. Zviremera zvomuruwa, zvikurukuru, zvinotarisana nedenho mbiri yokubviswa kwevagari vemo nechivako chemitero chakwegura. Hurumende yenyika yakatanga zvirongwa zvakadai se “Reformation Reformation Reformation". Nhanho pasi poMutungamiriri wePrime Femio Kisida, asi vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti izvi zvaderera zvikuru uye hazvigoni kupedza zvisakiso. Masangano eruwa anokumbira kuvhotera kupfurikidza nokuvimbisa kuunza chisarudzo pedyo nomusha, kuchikuita kuti kuve nyore kushandisa zvigadziro zvokugadzira zvinhu nokuda kwemhuri duku, mari inodzorwa pabasa riri kure, uye zvirongwa zvemari zvomunzvimbomo zvingasakwanikira murudzi rwose.

Kuzivikanwa Kwetsika uye Kusatenderwa Kwezvinhu Zvekuzvivaraidza

Japan inowanzorangarirwa senyika inowirirana, asi inoramba yakasimba. Mitambo yenharaunda, mitambo yeOkinawa, magamuchidzanwa enhau eTohoku enzvimbo dzechikafu chenhau zvinoparira kudada kwomunzvimbomo uko vezvamatongerwe enyika vorudzi dzimwe nguva vanofuratira. Masangano eruwa anokudziridza nokungwarira uhu uzivi. Somuenzaniso, vatsigiri veIshin vanowanzosimudzira Osaka, uye Okinawa vezvamatongerwe enyika vanonongedzera nhau yenhau yenhau dzorusando. Iyi tsika inoparira kudada zvikurukuru navaRelifazi vakwegura vanorangarira kuti shavis relituralism neroators vanoparadza zvisungo zvenzanga zvegamuchidzanwa.

Kukanganisa Zvematongerwe Enyika uye Kutonga Kwenyika

Kunyange zvazvo mapoka enharaunda ane zvigaro zvishomanene bedzi zveDiet (inenge 15 - 20% muImba yaVamiriri sava 2024), pesvedzero yawo inotambanukira kure kupfuura nhamba dzavo.

Vagadziri Vemabhomba Nemitsetse Yemabhizimisi

Kuderera kwemukurumbira weLDP muna 2010 kwakaimanikidza kupinda mumapoka nevakwanyina vaduku. Kunyange zvazvo Komeito yave iri mubatanidzwa wetsika, kumuka kweIshin kwapa LDP mumwe mubiyake pakugadzirisa zvimwe zvinhu. Muna 2023, LDP naIshin vakabvuma kubatira pamwe pamutemo wokubatanidza guta reOsaka neromutongi mumwe, chinangwa chesiginasiti Ishin. Mukuchinjana, Ishin akatsigira mari yokudzivirira yeLDP inowedzera. Rudzikudzo urwu rwekubatana kwezve kubvumira vanhu vomunharaunda kunyoresa kubvumira kunyange kana vasingatongopindiri mubatanidzwa wechigarire wehurumende.

Kubviswa Panzvimbo Yedu Senhau Huru

Nemhaka yokuva mudzori wenguva dzose kubva kuna Ishin navamwe, kudzorwa kwazova musoro mukuru mune zvamatongerwe enyika. “Kubatanidzwa kweGaradhe City" kwehurumende kunobatanidza gadziriro dzokubvumira kuedza kwomunzvimbomo kubvisa, uye boka ramabasa 2024 riri kunzvera nzira dzokupa nadzo udzori hukuru pamusoro pezvoutano nemari yedzidzo. Nepo LDP ichiri kudzivisa kudzorwa kwakazara kwechidhindo chedefic devolution, kurukurirano yacho yachinja zvikuru kubva pakugona kuita kuti ive yakaisvonaka here.

Mashoroko Electoral Negadziriro Yeboka

Mapati eruwa akabetserawo kukuputsika kwemaparera maviri (LDP vs. chishoro) nesimba. Mu 2022 House of Councils sarudzo, Ishin akawana 10 kubva muzvigaro zvoruwa 50, achipfuudzira CDPJ mumitezo mizhinji yomumaruwa. Ikoku kwakamanikidzira chishoro chikuru kurangarirazve zano rayo; vamwe vatungamiriri veCDPJ zvino vanotsigira nokuda kwe “chikuva chebumbiro cheboka rinopa mapazuro omunzvimbomo rusununguko rwakawanda. Munguva ino, LDP imene yaona mifaniso yomukati, nezvimwe zvitsauko zvinodzorwa pachena panhau dzakadai senzvimbo yesimba renyukireya dzinotanga kuvamba nokubuda munyika. Izvi zvinokarakadza kuti kubatira yeruwa zvino haisati iri bedzi chinetso kuboka rePP.

Zvinetso Neganhuriro Zvinotarisana Nemapati Oruwa

Pasinei nokubudirira kwavo, vanhu vanotora nzvimbo vanotarisana nezvipingamupinyi zvakaoma.

Kufadza Kwakaganhurirwa Murudzi Rwose

Masangano mazhinjisa enharaunda anoramba ane nzvimbo dzakawanda. Ishin anogamuchira 90% yezvigaro zvake zveDiet kubva kunharaunda yeKansai, uye Okinawa Mass Party inongoda bedzi kuva vapindi veOkinawa. Ikoku kunokuita kuti kuve kwakaoma kuti vave vatsivi vechokwadi venyika. Vanorwisawo kuronga muyakati wakasiana - siana, sezvinokosha zvomunzvimbomo (umr., kubviswa kwechiva muOkinawavs. metro reformation muOsaka) kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji inorwisana.

Zvipingamupinyi Zvesangano Nekutemerwa Kutevedzerwa kweBumbiro Romutemo

Gadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika yeJapan haina kurongedzerwa kupfavisa. Bumbiro reMitemo harirondedzeri ukama pakati pehurumende dzorudzi nedzemunzvimbomo muudzame, uye kubviswa kupi nokupi kukuru kwechinjo kungada zvimwe chinjo yebumbiro remitemo (icho chinoraira simba gurusa ramatatu maviri mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri pamwe chete nerendizo renyika) kana kuti kududzirwazve kukuru neDiet. Zvose zvisarudzo zvakaoma mune zvamatongerwe enyika uye nguva. Masangano eruwa nokudaro anotarisana nengozi yokushandisa simba rawo pamitemo yokufananidzira isingaumbishinyiri inoorora.

Ngozi Yokugamuchira Mapepa Ane Mapepa Anokosha

LDP ine nhau refu yokuwana pfungwa dzinobudirira uye vezvematongerwe enyika vanobva mumapoka maduku. Nechekare, dzimwe nhengo dzeLDP dzakagamuchira mutauro weIshin-sity pamusoro pe “uzvitutumadza,” uye mubato wacho wakabatanidza shomanene dzechiIshin joini dziri munzvimbo dzawo. Kana LDP inobatanidza mitemo yeruwa yakakwana, ingagona kusekesa chikonzero chaicho chokuvapo kwemapoka ezvikamu zveruwa /iachiisa kuvhoti yechinguvana inozodzokera kunzvimbo huru.

Chiono Chenguva Yemberi: Japan Yakashatiswa Zvikuru Here?

Kutarira mberi, pfungwa yebato renharaunda ichatsamira pazvinhu zvinoverengeka:

  • [[FLT: 0] Mwero wezvemari: Sezvo kuderera kwavagari vemo kunowedzera, uremu hwezvamatongerwe enyika hwenharaunda dzomumaguta dzakadai seTokyo neOsaka hungakura, kuchibvira kuita kuti zvikumbiro zveruwa munharaunda dzomumaruwa zvive zvisingabetseri. Zvisinei, chitsama chemari chenharaunda yeKansai chingagona kupa Ishin chiva chakatsiga.
  • Miuyo yetsika yakavhengana: Tsika yemitezo yakavhengana ichiri inoda mapati makuru mumitsetse yemitemo inowirirana asi inobvumira mapoka maduku enharaunda kuwina maruwa mamwe. Kana LDP ichienda mberi nokuda kweimwe chinjo yevhiri (seizvo vamwe vakakarakadza), ingagona kurongera zvigaro zvenharaunda.
  • Migariro yezveupfumi: Kuderera kwemari kwenguva refu kunonatsa mativi enharaunda angagona kupfuudzira tsigiro huru nokuda kwamapati enharaunda, nepo kunaya kwakasimba kungaderedza kusagutsikana.
  • gadziridzo yeConstituanical: Kana vhoti yenyika yose ikaitika, mapoka enharaunda aigona kuishandisa kuisa gadziriro dzomunzvimbomo dzeutongi, kusimbisa ukoshi hwawo.

Chinoitika chingangoitika ndechokuti mapati enzvimbo dzeruwa achapfuurira kukura, achitora zvigaro 30-50 Dietit ndokuita basa rinokosha mumatongerwe enyika. Achatsvaka kuti pave neakawanda anobuda muruvara uye anotarisira, uye angakurudzira chizvarwa chitsva chavatungamiriri vomunzvimbomo vanoona nzvimbo yenyika sedombo rinotevedzerwa panzvimbo penharidzano yokupedzisira. Mukuita kudaro, vari kuita kuti kushandurwa kusinganzwisisiki kweJapan kubve kwakaderera kuende kumugariro wezvoseindedzero, wehurumende yehurumende yepasi pevhu.

mhedziso

Kumuka kwemasangano ezvikamu zvenharaunda muJapan imhinduro kuzvinetso zvikuru zvenzvimbo dzinoumbwa nejenaguru ((central, kusaenzana kwezvemari, kuderera kwezviverengero zvevagari vemo, uye kuderera kwetsika). Kuti mapoka makuru enyika akundikana kunyora mashoko akakwana. Kunyange zvazvo asati agadzirira kuputsa kuva nesimba reLDP, vakatochinja magariro ekurukurirano yezvamatongerwe enyika uye vakamanikidza hurumende kufunga nezvokuchinja kwaizova kusingafungiki chizvarwa chakare. Kungava kutendeukira kuva nzvimbo yechigarire yeboka rebato kana kuti kuramba vasingadi kupfuurira nokuda kwokusagutsikana kuchatsamira pakupedzisira pakuti vanogona sei kushandura zvigumbuso zvomunzvimbomo kuva pesvedzero yenyika. Nokuti zvino, zvinomirira rimwe ramauto ane simba zvikurusa muruwa, kugovera chiono chetsika yakadzikama yakadzikama zvikuru yehurumende inowirirana.