Kutanga: Kuwedzera Kwehondo Iri Kure Mukurwisana Neugandanga

Hondo imwe yakachinja zvikuru nzira iyo nyika dzinorwisa nayo mabasa ougandanga. Yakavamba sesimba rokunzvera ramarongedzero yakachinja kuva chishandiso chikuru chemibato yeUnited States namamwe marudzi. Kushandiswa kwemotokari dzendege dzisina kufambiswa zvakanaka nokuda kwokurwisa mapoka ehondo kunopa betsero dzinoshanda idzo gamuchidzanwa dzinogona kuenzana namabasa adzo ougandanga. Panguva imwe cheteyo, muitiro unomutsa mibvunzo mikuru pamusoro pouchangamire, kuvadziko yavarwi, uye kushanda kwenguva refu kwokuuraya vanhu panzvimbo pokukurira mifungo. Kunzwisisa basa rose redrone yehondo ̱ basa mukupesana neRGBBSDSD kunoda kunzvera mano ayo ounyanzvi, ruramisiro yapamutemo, miuyo yetsika, uye miuyo yetsika.

Kurondedzera Hondo Yehondo Nemhindumupindu Yayo

Hondo yazvino uno yezvombo zvinonongedzera kunzvimbo ine zvombo yakadai se-UAV 1 Predator naMQ-9 Revera, iyo inodzorwa kure kubva kunzvimbo dzinodzora kazhinji kazhinji yakawana zviuru zvamakiromita kubva kuhondo. Iyi ndege inotakura mirwi inopesana nechakarurama sezvombo zveGhono-OTS uye inogona kuva nousimbe panzvimbo yakatarwa senzvimbo yenzvimbo yakatsiviwa yenzvimbo yenguva refu, ichiunganidza ungwaru hwenguva chaiyo pamberi pokurova. Kutama kubva kunzvimbo dzisina kudzorwa nepfurwa kuti dzirove zvikuvara zvombo kwakaitika pakuvamba muma 2000 seU.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIN) yakatsvaka nzira dzokudenha nadzo vatungamiriri veAfgha muAfghanistan uye Pakistan pasina mauto makuru.

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rwawedzera chifo chazvo. Marudzi anopfuura 24 anoshanda zvino ane zvombo, kubatanidza China, Turkey, Iran, uye Israel. Rudzi rumwe norumwe runochinja hondo dzakapararira kumhoteredzo yarwo rumene, pane dzimwe nguva ruchishandisa gadziriro dzinogadzirwa nokuda kwemichinjikwa yemitsetse inorwisana navatambi vasiri venyika. Kushanduka kwokukurumidza kweruzivo rwemichina yakagadzirwa na#812; kubva kunzvimbo dzakakwirira dzenduramo kusvikira kuduku, dzinokwanisa kumhanya zvikuru kutenderera na#812; kupfuurira kudzoserazve nzvimbo yemazano okurwisa nayo.

Betsero Dzakakosha Dzoutsina Mukurwisa Ugandanga

Kutanga Kwacho Nokuparadza Kukuru

Imwe yebetsero dzinodudzwa zvikurusa dzekurovanya iko kururama kwadzo. Mirwi ine zvombo inogona kunyora vanhu kwamaawa kana kuti mazuva, ichivimbisa kuti chipfuro chakarongwa chinoziviswa zvakanaka pamberi pokubudisa muromo. Uku kupesana nemhepo inobva kundege dzinoiswa vanhu, idzo dzinowanzotsamira pamawindo anokurumidza kupfura. Vatsigiri vanotaura kuti kurova kunoderedza njodzi dzechiuto kana kuenzaniswa nokubhomba kwechikwata. Somuenzaniso, fundo ya2013 neNew America Foundation yakawana kuti drone yakauraya vanhu vasiri varwi vemo vakaderera zvikuru kudarika Pakistan Pakistan #817; masangano ehondo amene.

Zvisinei, kururama kumene kunoita kuti tsvina dzive dzinokwezva kunoparirawo mhesano: apo vanyajambwa vasiri varwi vanoitika, kuita kwavanhu kazhinji kazhinji kunokudzwa nemhaka yokuti denho dzacho dzinorangarirwa sokuvhiya, namaune, kana kuti namariro. [[FLT] Human Rights Watch[ yakanyora zviitiko zvakawanda apo kurova kunorovanya misha yavanhuwo zvavo, motokari, kana kuti mariro, kumutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pokuti ungwaru hunorova bhinya hunogona kutendeka zvakakwana kururamisa chiito chinouraya chakadaro.

Kuderedza Ngozi Dzavashandi Vamauto

Michina inobvisa ngozi yokupfurwa ndokubatwa. Nokuda kwamarudzi anotapurwa nenjodzi, ikoku kunoita kuti hondo yehondo yezvamatongerwe enyika ive yakaderera zvikuru kupfuura kuendesa masimba chaiwo kana kuti ndege dzinorova. Mushandi anogara munzvimbo yakachengeteka, kazhinji kazhinji mune imwe nyika, anodzora ndege kupfurikidza nechetwotellite. Ikoku kunobvisa kuvadziko yendangariro neyomuviri yengozi yokurwisa nokukurumidza, kunyange zvazvo fundo dzichiratidzira vashandisi vemibato vanotambura kudzvinyiriro yendangariro [[[FLT:]] funganyo yendangariro yakafanana neiyo yavatyairi vemitambo muhoro yemitambo, nemhaka yokupupurira masimba masimba masimba anooneka panzvimbo inoshandira magetsi kwenguva refu.

Kupfuurira Nokutsungirira

Kusafanana namasatellite anopfuura pamusoro pamativi akatarwa kana kuti ndege dzinoda kumira mafuta, drones dzinogona kuramba dziri mumhepo kweanopfuura maawa 24 (Mukohwi weMQ-9 ane kutsungirira kukurusa kwemaawa 27). Uku kupfuurira kunobvumira vanzveri vakachenjera kucherekedza mitoo youpenyu, kufamba kwemikoto, uye kumirira nguva yakanakisisa yokurova. Mukurwisana nemotokari, umo mauto anowanzoshanda munzvimbo iri kure, nzvimbo yakashata uye kudzivisa mitoo yekurukurirano yenguva dzose, mano okuva nousimbe akabvumikisa kuva anokosha nokuda kwokutevera zvisaririra zvakakwirira zviri mumiganhu miganhu.

Kushanda Zvinodhura Mukuenzanisa Nezvisarudzo Zvekokorodzano

Kushandisa drone kwakachipa zvikuru kupfuura kuisa ndege yehondo ine mhondi kana kuti mauto evhu. Ndyiko yeMucheri dhironi inenge $5 000 000 (Z $54 000), zvichienzaniswa ne $50 000 000 (Z $36 000) nokuda kwemari inodzorwa neF-35. Ndyiko yemotokari inofanira kuenzaniswa ne $3,500 nokuda kwe $440 000 nokuda kwebhomba reB. Nyika dzakaputirwa kana kuti idzo dzinoita nhimbe refu kure kure kure nomusha, drons dzinopa nzira inobhadharika yokutsigira nayo simba rinopfuurira. Zvisinei, mari iyi inofanira kuyerwa kudhura mari inodhura nebhineti, zviteshi zvapasi, zviteshi zvevhu, uye uchenjeri izvo zviri madikanwa kuita kuti kurova kubetsera.

Denho Nokutsoropodza Kwehondo Youtsinye

Kupindira Kwepamutemo Nouchangamire

Kurovanya kwemitemo kunowanzoitwa munyika umo nyika isina kurwiswa zviri pamutemo. United States, somuenzaniso, yakaita zviuru zvekurovanya muPakistan, Yemen, Somalia, uye Libya, kazhinji kazhinji pasina kubvumira kwapachena kwehurumende idzodzo. Tsigiro dzapamutemo dzinotsamira pasimba renyika pairi pairi yoga pasi pomutemo wenyika dzakawanda kana kuti panharo yokuti nyika yakaitirwa chirongwa hachikwanisi kana kuti hachidikani kudzivisa tyisidziro inobva kuvatambi vezvomunyika yose vari munyika mayo. Vatsoropotesi, kubatanidza nyanzvi dzemitemo yenyika dzakawanda uye kuuraya kupi nokupi nokupi nokupi kunofanira kupara mhosva. ]

Vatarisiri veObama vakatanga muitiro wokushandisa “ si si sigitbatta ̵ ̬ vanhu vanorongera vanhu vakavakirwa pamiitiro inonyumwira yetsika panzvimbo pokusimbiswa. Iyi denho yakatsoropodzwa zvikuru nokuda kwokubatanidza varwi navarwi. Vadzori vaTrump vakasunungurazve ganhuriro, vachikudza nzvimbo dzinopfuura nzvimbo dzehondo. Vatarisiri veBiden vakatsvaka kuvambazve mune mimwe miitiro iyi asi vanopfuurira kutsamira padrone sechishandiso chinorwisa chitsoroma chinorwisa ugandanga, zvikurukuru muAfghanistantiast pashure pokurega 2021 uye muSomalia.

Kuparadza Muhurumende Negakava Remashoko

Nhamba dzenzufu dzisiri dzavanhu dzinofa nemhirizhonga dzinosiyana zvikuru. Bureau of Investigative Journalism inoshuma kuti pakati pa 2004 na2020, kurovanya kweU.S. muPakistan kwakauraya vanhu vari pakati pa 2 500 na 4 000, kubatanidza kusvika ku1 000 vasiri varwi. MuYemen, nhamba dzacho dzinokwikwikwidzwa zvakafanana. Hurumende yeU.S. kazhinji kazhinji yakataura kuti havane nhamba dzavarwi vehondo vanofa pakurova, bedzi nokuda kwokunzvera kwokuzvimirira kuti varatidze gare gare gare kufa kusingarwi. Kushayisa mwoyo kwevakwa kwechiU. Drones. drone 𓴼 PIA haibudi nhamba dzine udzamadzanwa, uye kuongorora kwehondo kunorongwa kunenge kusingabviripo.

Kukuvadza kunotambanukira kupfuura chiverengero chorufu rwapakarepo. Vanzveri vakanyora njodzi yendangariro munzanga dzinogara dzichinzverwa nguva dzose, vana vachiratidza zviratidzo zvepashure pedzvinyiriro yefunganyo. Kurira nguva dzose kwemanyuko emusoro kunogona kuparira mhoteredzo yefunganyo, pfundepfunde, uye hasha izvo mapoka anorwa anoshandisa zvisakafanira nokuda kwokupinda muboka. Apo kurova kwechisimba kunouraya munhu asina mhaka — kana kuti kunorangarirwa kuita kudaro ne# 812; kunogona kuparira zvakananga mamiriro ezvinhu okufunga kudzvinyirira.

Kutsamira Pauchenjeri Nechinetso Chemashoko Akaipa

Kurovanya kunongova kwakanaka bedzi sokuva nenjere dzinotungamirira. Ungwaru hwavanhu hunobva kuvazivi vemunzvimbomo kazhinji kazhinji hahuna kuvimbika, hunoiswa pamuuyo nemhiko dzevevedzeri vorudzi, kana kuti mashoko asina kururama. Ungwaru hwezviratidzo (kurukurirano dzakatenderwa) hunogona kubviswa kana kuti kutungamirira kukusarura mamiriro ezvinhu. Kurova kunotambudza kwa 2015 pachipatara chisina Bouls muKundez, Afghanistan, kwakanga kuri mugumisiro wemubatanidzwa wouchenjeri hwakashata nezvikanganiso muchete-pa, kunyange zvazvo kudenha ikoko kwakananga kwakanga kuri kubva muACC- 130, kwete mudrone. Kunyange zvakadaro, nheyo yehondo inoshanda: drone haisati iri mushonga yehondo.

Kuongorora Zvirwere Mukurwisana Nougandanga Netsvina

United States muPakistan neYemen

Nhimbe yemadhirafere muPakistan ’ Federally Addient Arediations Aquations (FATA) kuvambira muna 2004 kusvikira muna 2018 yakanga iri hurusa munhau. Yakatambira al-Qaeda, Taliban, uye gare gare chikwata cheHaqqani. Nhimbe yakabudirira mukuuraya vatungamiriri vakuru seal-Qaeda nhamba mbiri Abu Yahya al-LBI mu 2012 uye Taliban Hakmlah Mehsud muna 2013. Zvisinei, yakaurayawo mazana avasiri varwi vemo navakaneta U.Pakis. MuYemen, drone inorova al-Alavea muPenian (AP) muAP.

Turkey ̱ Kushandiswa KwamaDrone muSyria neIraq

Turkey yakabuda somushandisi mukuru wedrones dzine zvombo, zvikurukuru mukurwisana namauto eKurdistan Works ’ Party (PKK) neInfonts & & 8817; Protection Unit Units (YPG) kuchamhembe kweSyria neIraq. Turkian drones, dzakadai seBayraktar TB2, yakarumbidzwa nokugovera tsigiro yepedyo yemauto echiTurkia uye kurwisana neArak uye nokurovanya kwePK misungo yakadzika mukati me Iraq. Turkey ̱ purogiramu yedrone inozivikanwa nokuda kwokubudiswa kwayo yeimba uye kufambidzana kwesimba. Muuyo mukuru unovhenganiranwa: nedaro yehondo yakaderedza kuparadzwa kwehondo, kurovanyanzawo mauto echiTurkiach, kuparirawo kurwisana nehurumende yeIraki muruwa.

Ethiopia Nokushandiswa KwemaDrano Munyongano Dzomukati

Mukati meHondo yeTirray (2020-2022), Ethiopia yakawana madrone ane zvombo anobva Turkey, Iran, uye China, ichishandisa iwo zvikuru mukurwisana namauto eTirrhayan. Madrae akagonesa hurumende yeEtiopia kurwisa mitsetse yokugovera nemirairo yemauto, achichinja rwisano. Zvisinei, mishumo inobva kumasangano ekodzero dzavanhu inoratidza kuti kurovanya kwehurumende kwakarovanya, kubatanidza musika muTogoga uyo wakauraya vazhinji. Chinoitika chacho chinoratidzira kuti ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu nenzvimbo dzamabhishopi, asi murwisano dzomukati, kukanganisa mutsetse pakati pokurwisana neRGBHB.

Nharo Dzapamutemo Nedzemagamuchidzanwa Muukuru

Vakarongerwa Kuuraya Mutemo Wamarudzi Ose

Mumitemo yerwisano yezvombo, varwi vanganangidzirwa panguva ipi neipi, asi kurongwa kwomunhu somurwi kunoda ufakazi hwakajeka hwokutora rutivi mukurwisana. nokuda kwamagandanga asingapfeki yunifomu uye akatukwa pakati pavasiri varwi, uyu mutsetse hauna kujeka. U.S. yakataura kuti mitezo yeal-Qaeda namasimba ayo anowirirana zvipfuro zvomutemo zvakavakirwa paKushandiswa kweMauto (AMF) kwakapfuudzwa neDare ramasangano ramaAUMF kuti hakuna kutongotenderwa kuuraya kunze kwehondo dzakarondedzerwa, uye kuti nhengo imwe neimwe inorwisana kunze kwenzvimbo dzinorwisana dzinofanira kutongwa pakodzero dzayo dzenyika dzose dzavanhu, idzo dzinorambidzazve kuuraya.

Murangariro we unokwikwidzanawo. Hurumende yeU.S. pane dzimwe nguva inorondedzera kuva pedyo zvikuru zvokubatanidza vanhu vari kuronga denho dzomunguva yemberi, kunyange kana vasati vabatanidzwa muhondo. Iyi rondedzero huru inozarura suo kuda kukunda uko kwakafanana nokuuraya kupfuura kuzviuraya.

Misiyano Yokuona Zviri Nayo Uye Yokuzvidavirira

Hondo imwe inowanzoitwa muchivande. Hurumende yeU.S. inowanzobvuma zvirongwa zvakati, zvisati zvambopa uchapupu hwechikonzero nei mumwe munhu akaitirwa chitsotsi. Uku kusaoneka kunoita kuti kusakwanisa kwenzanga yevagari vemo, zvinobudisa nhau, kana kuti matare kuongorora maidi akarurama. Muna 2020, murwi weU.S. akarova muKabul akauraya chirongwa chakafungidzirwa kuti ISYS-K, asi mwedzi gare gare gare, New York Times kunzvera kwakawana kuti chipfuro chipfuro chingave chaiva mushandi weyamuro wakaderera pane chirongwa. Mauto akabvumwarambwa akauraya vanhu vasiri varwi, asi pashure pedzvinyiriro yezvinobudisa nhau.

Mamwe marudzi, kufanana neUnited Kingdom, ane miitiro inojeka zvikuru yokushandisa madrone ane zvombo, anoda tendero youshumiri nokuda kwechibhakera chimwe nechimwe uye kuzivisa mashoko avose.

Miitiro Yenguva Yemberi Muhondo Yechisimba Yokurwisa Ugandanga

Midonzvo Inozvitonga Nouchenjeri Hunogadzirwa

Muganhu unotevera ndidzo rusununguko. Drones dzinokwanisa kuziva zvipfuro pasina kupindira kwavanhu, dzinozivikanwa sedzinorovha nokusashanda. Mubatanidzwa wemarobhoti, ” United States iri kutoita mari yepaimbwa yepaIndaneti. Nyika iri kupfumisa i ̴ Colorative Combatic Aircraft ” purogiramu, iyo ingabatanidza zvirongwa zvinodzivisa uye zvisina tsika. Muchinorwisana, madrona anorwisana navanodzorwa nomutoo unoresanwa naanowirirana navaregi. Asi kupesana kwetsika kwakasimba. Marudzi mazhinji namapoka avanhu anorevererwa nokuda kwezvo zvombo zvinoshanda izvo zvinoshaiwa kutarisirwa zvizere. Kuzviisa pasi kwemitemo yemitemo, spoof, uye kusava neainwo.

Unyanzvi Hunorwisana Negadziriro Dzakaoma

Sezvo hondo yeIslam ikapararira, ndizvo zvinoitawo zviyero zvinotsiva. Mapoka navavengi vehurumende vari kuisa muhondo yemagetsi kuti vamine zviratidzo zvokudzora, GPS poofing, uye kunyange rasers kupfura madhirosi. Hurumende yeIslam yakashandisa madhirone nokuda kwokunzvera uye zvombo. Mumhinduro, mauto akakudziridza zvombo zvinotungamirirwa nezvombo zvakadai seU.S. ̱ HELIOS[FLT] . system yemicrogen- ne-mouse. Mutambo wedromesss .

Kudzorwa Kwedzimba Nekunyika Dzose

Kukumbira nokuda kwegadziriro yenyika yose yezvombo zvine zvombo kwakura zvikuru. Komiti yaMarudzi ose ye Red Cross (ICRC) yakakurudzira nyika kujekesa miganhu yapamutemo nokuda kwedrone kunze kwehondo inoshanda. U.N. yakakarakadza chibvumirano pamusoro pezvombo zvinouraya. Zvisinei, nyika huru dzinovakwa nenhumbi dzakafanana neU.S., China, neRussia dzinodzivisa ganhuriro dzinobata. Kusvikira pabuda, kushandiswa kwemadrone mukurwisana neRhovisicism kucharamba kuchidzorwa nemitemo yemarudzi mamwe namamwe, kuchitungamirira kudimbura nokuchinja.

Mupedzi: Munondo Wakakombwa Kaviri Wokuuraya

Hondo imwe inopa betsero dzamanomano dzisingarambiki mukurwisa ugandanga: deredza ngozi kuimwe ̱ masimba amene, kunzvera kunopfuurira, uye mano okurova nokumhanya nokurura. Kunyange zvakadaro betsero idzodzo dzinouya nendyiko huru. Ndyiko dzechiuto, kuderera kwemipimo yapamutemo, pesvedzero yendangariro pavanhu vakakuvadzwa, uye bviro yokuwedzera kuparira kumwe kukura kwougandanga. Nzira inorwisana namasimba masimba inofanira kuparira kurova serutivi rwechimbichimbichimbichimbichimbi, rwezvemari, uye rwezvokutengeserana. Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa nemitemo yoga harugoni kukunda hondo yemifungo kana kuti kuumba kusimba kwakadzikama mutsika dzinoshandiswa mukuita kuti pave nokuoneka, kuzvidavirira, uye maitiro okudzivisa mamiriro ezvinhu anobvumira uganda kuti ushande.

Nguva yemberi yehondo dzinorwisana nougandanga ichatsamira pakuti nyika dzinodzikamisa sei izvi zvinodikanwa zvinokwikwidzana. Zvicharonda uzvitonga hwakakura nokukudziridza, kana kuti vachazvirovedza kupfurikidza nomutemo wamarudzi ose noudzori hwedemokrase? Mhinduro ichaumba kwete bedzi nzira iyo hurumende dzinorwisa nayo vavengi vasiri venyika, asiwo nzira iyo nyika inorangarira nayo kuva pamutemo kwezviito zvavo. Drone chishandiso, kwete dzidziso. Uye kufanana namaturusi ose, ukoshi hwayo hunosarudzwa nouchenjeri hworuoko runoishandisa.