Chitanga Kunzi: Ndiani Anobata Nedambudziko?

Kana njodzi yaitika (panoitika njodzi) kana mhepo ine simba, mhepo inopisa, mafashamo, kana kuti kurwisa kwepaIndaneti) nhau yokuti ndiani ari kutarisirwa inogona kuvhiringidza. Sangano rokutarisira njodzi reUnited States rinovakirwa pahwaro hwebasa pakati penzvimbo imwe cheteyo, hurumende, dzinza, uye hurumende. Kunzwisisa mabasa akasiyana - siyana anotepfekwa panzvimbo imwe neimwe hakungovi kudzidza chete; kunokanganisa zvakananga kuti mari inoyamura inosvika sei, kuti inowanikwa sei, uye kuti vanhu vanofambidzana sei. Mu2024 moga, Federal Emergency Management Agency Agency (FEMA) inobvumira mabhiriyoni 6 bhiri emadhori emadhora anenge ose, apo vanhu vomunzvimbomo vanotanga kupindura zviitiko pasina kubatanidzwa kwehurumende. Nyaya inoongorora zvakananga kuti zviitwe nokukurumidza sei, zviwirirane nezvinobatsira zvinobatsira zvinobatanidza vanhu vomunyika idzi dzinoita kuti zvive zviri munzanga.

Basa Rokutarisira Nhamo

Vatarisiri vemigariro yemigariro muUnited States vanotevera bhasikoro remipimo yavose rinowanzorondedzerwa mumatanho mashanu: Prevention, kugadziridzwa [[, [, [[[FLT]]] , [[FLT]]. Rutivi rumwe norumwe runobatanidza mabasa akananga nemitoro pakati pomunzvimbomo, mugariro, uye masangano anotsamira pachiitwe chezvinoitika.

Kudzivirira Nokugadzirira

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinotungamirira mukudzivirira njodzi dzinodzivisa kuitika, zvakadai semitemo yokuvaka, kuronga mafashamo, uye ngozi. Gadziriro dzinobatanidza kurovedza, marongedzero, uye migove. Masangano anotarisira ngozi dzenharaunda (EMA) anotanga ndokuvandudza gadziriro dzekurumidziro. Pamwero wehurumende, FEMA inogovera se Homeland Security Grant Program (HSGP) uye Emergency Management Gants (EMPG) kuti iwane maroro okugadzirira kwomunzvimbomo. [[FLT:]] Sangano dzekuronga uye matariro ose.

Kugamuchira

Tsaona ndiyo nhanho inooneka zvikurusa. Horo yeyapano `police, moto, EMS, uye mabasa avose. Vane chiitiko, vanoita chiitiko, vanotsvakisisa, uye vanovamba murairo. Kana chiitiko chacho chinopfuura simba romunzvimbomo, gavhuna anoita kuti mabasa ekurumidziro ave musi wenzvimbo yezvokushandira hurumende (EOC) uye angakumbira betsero yehurumende. Basa rehurumende, rinotungamirirwa naFEMA kupfurikidza ne Reformation Frame (NFF)[FF:3], haatsigiri murairo womunzvimbomo asi panzvimbo pezvo kutsigira nezviwanikwa zvakafanana nokutsvaka kweguta, mapoka ezvipataramwa (DMFLT), uye kutsigira upfumi hwemari.

Kunaya Nokubvisa

Kunaya kunobatanidza zvose zviri zviviri zviito zvenhambo pfupi (simba rokuisa, kubvisa marara) uye kuvakazve kwenguva refu (humwe huwandu),. FEMA’s Public help (PA) purogiramu inotsiva hurumende dzomunzvimbomo nokuda kwendyiko dzinofanira, nepo INIX help(IA) inobetsera varidzi vemisha navarendi. Nhambudzo, dzakadai sokukwidziridza misha kana kuti mitsetse inosimbisa, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji inotsigirwa nesangano kupfurikidza ne Hazard Mitigation Iranture Intection (HMA) purogiramu dzepamusha nedzi. dzinorongwa uye dzinoitwa munharaunda.

Basa Remabasa Okukurumidzira Omunzvimbomo

Vashandi vemo vanokurumidzira ndivo vanotangira njodzi. Vari pedyo nenzanga, vanoziva nzvimbo, uye vane ukama hunenge huripo nevagari vemo. Mitoro yavo inotambanudza kupfuura shanyo yokutanga 911.

Mhinduro Yakakurumidza uye Murairo Wakarongwa

Munyasi .National Information Manage System (NIMS), masangano omunzvimbomo anoshandisa gadziriro yakabatana kutsinhiranisa zviito zvinochinja. Madhipatimendi emoto anodzima, mapurisa akachengeteka, miraundi yeIMS. Muchinoitika chikuru, mutungamiriri womunzvimbomo EMA anogadzira Emergency Mission Center (EOC)[FLT] kutarisira zvirongwa zvemichina, kuronga mari, uye mashoko avose. Somuenzaniso, mukati me 2023 mirwi yemoto, mapoka omwoto yomunzvimbomo akaedza kuisa kupisa apo vakuru vakuru veruwa vainde vaibudiai, kunyange sezvo kukurukurirana kwemibatanidzwa kwakundikana.

Kutarisira Zvinhu Nebetsero Pamwe Chete

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinochengeta zvirongwa zvadzo dzimene zvezvokushandisa, mirwi yemirwi yejecha, uye migove yekurumidziro. Zvisinei, hakuna muganhu uripo wokuzviyamura nokuda kwechiitiko chine ngwavaira. Zvibvumirano zvokuyamura pakati pamaguta ari pedyo, zviverengero, uye hurumende zvinobvumira kugoverana kwokukurumidza kwevashandi nemidziyo. Emergency Management Unity (EC), gadziriro yehurumende yeyamuro inonamura, inowanzoitwa pamberi pokusvika kwebetsero yomubatanidzwa. Vatsoropotedzi vanocherekedza kuti bhajeti remari dzomunzvimbomo rakaoma, namadhipatika maduku okushamba anoshaiwa migove inogoverwa kana kuti anotora rutivi rukuru.

Kurukurirano Yavose Nokuparadzaniswa

Vakuru vakuru vomunzvimbomo inzwi guru rechiremera mukati menhambo yekurumidziro. Vanopa mirairo yokubudisa vabudisi, nzvimbo dzakazaruka, uye vanogovera mijekiseni chaiyoiyo kupfuudzira kudzokera shure 911, zvinobudisa mashoko omunzvimbomo, uye zvinobudisa nhau. Chisarudzo chokubuda chiri mumugariro wakarurama nenhungamiro dzomunzvimbomo, zvakavakirwa pakunzvera kwengozi neruzivo rwemamiriro ezvinhu. Mukati meHurricane Ian (2022), Lee County, Florida, vakatarisana netsoropotera dzakakomba nokuda kwokunonoka kubuda, kusimbisa ukurema kwoupenyu kana kuti rufu kwokuita chisarudzo chomunzvimbomo.

Kutarisira Nhamo Kwenharaunda Kunorongwa Nezvirongwa (EMA)

Nyika iri yose, guta, uye dzinza rine zvikurukuru mutungamiriri weEMA kana kuti hofisi. Idzi nyanzvi dzinoronga gadziriro dzokugadzirira, dzinokumbira mari yehurumende, dzinoitisa dzidzo yavose, uye dzinobatanidza nehurumende nevashandi biyadzo. MaEMA omunzvimbomo akawanda anoiswa pasi uye anoiswa pasi nevashandi vashoma. (kazhinji kazhinji anodzorwa nomushandi mumwe wenguva yakazara mumaruwa. Pasinei zvapo naikoku, ivava vagadziri vegadziriro yose yegadziriro yokutarisira kurumidziro, vachishandurira nhungamiro dzehurumende mugadziriro dzenzanga dzinoshanda.

Basa Rokutarisira Nhamo Kwemabhadharo

Hurumende yehurumende, zvikurukuru kupfurikidza neFEMA, inoshanda sesimba renhamba. Basa rayo rinobatanidzwa mu Stafford Act [, inodzora ziviso dzengwavaira nokupiwa kwebetsero yehurumende. Kubatanidzwa kweFederal ibasa rinotsigira, kwete basa rokuraira.

Zvinozivisa Zvenjodzi

Apo njodzi yomunzvimbomo inopfuura mano ehurumende, gavhuna anokumbira Presidiled Disacter Declaration. FEMA inoyera ukombi nokukwanisa kwehurumende kupindura. Kana yakatenderwa, ziviso inovhura purogiramu dzehurumende: Public Consolation (PA) nokuda kwokugadziridza kwemarongedzero, IA nokuda kwedzimba, mari inopa, uye tsigiro yehurumende yakananga sedzimba dzechinguvana kana kuti zvikwata zveFAMA. Mugore 2024, FAMA yakagadzirwa kupfuura zviziviso zvikuru zvengwavaira: Public Consolation (PA) nokuda kwechinjo yenzvimbo inodzosera mberi nemhaka yokuchinja kwemamiriro okunze.

Kubatanidzwa Kwezviwanikwa Zvenyika

FEMA hai “nokunda njodzi. Panzvimbo pezvo, inobatanidza kuiswa kwezviwanikwa zvehurumende zvakadai se [FOM], NationalURban Search & Rereserve [US&R] Masimbaracted [[FL:3], uye DCOM] Mitero yezvokurapamu (DMVU). sangano rinobatawo shavo shavo reRecureatoration (NFFFFF] [FF] [FF:7], iro rinotungamirira kugadziridza kwakawanda kwemibatanidzwa kwemibatanidzwa yeUS (URD, USD]

Kurovedza, Zvipo, uye Mipimo

FEMA inoshandisa [[FLT: 0] programu yeUtarisiri hweMarimo. muEmtsburg, Maryland, uye Nhembe dzekugadzirira kwedzimba dzemhuri (CDP)[[FLT]] muAlabama, kugovera rovedzo yapachena kuvadaviri vomunzvimbomo. Kupfurikidza nokupa saEMPG, HSGP, uye Kuvaka Resilient Infrablicture and Community (BRIC)[FLT] purogiramu [FM:5], SOUDMA mabhiriyoni emadhora emadhora emadhora gore rimwe nerimwe kuhurumende dzomunzvimbomo. Izvi zvirongwa zvinogadza nokuda kwemari inogadzirirwa, asi zvinodawo mari yomunharaunda yomunzvimbomo.

Basa Rinodenha Rehurumende Dzehurumende

Hurumende dzehurumende dzinobatira sebhiriji pakati penhamburiko dzomunzvimbomo nedzehurumende. Gavhuna vane chiremera pamusoro pezviwanikwa zvehurumende, kubatanidza National Guard , mapurisa ehurumende, uye madhipatimendi ezvokufambisa noutano. dare rezvokudzorwa nenjodzi (g., Texas Division of Emergency Management, California OES) rinoronga zvikumbiro zvomunzvimbomo zvebetsero, zvinotarisira EMAC compacts, uye zvinopa chikumbiro chagavhuna cheziviso chomubatanidzwa wehurumende. Zvo Hurumende inodzora mari yenjodzi [FLT] inogona kushandiswa pamberi pokuzivisa kwomubatanidzwa. Somuenzaniso, New York State inobudisa njodzi yayo uye programungwe yeNational Guault 202, SS.

Kubatana Nokubatana Pakati Penzvimbo

Kubudirira kunotsamira pakukurukurirana kwenguva dzose, kuronga majoini, uye kushanda pamwe chete kwegadziriro dzegadziriro.

Nzvimbo Dzinochengeterwa Mashoko Akabatana (JIC) uye Murayiro Wakabatana

Muzvinoitika zvikuru, masangano omunzvimbomo, ehurumende, uye ehurumende zvinogadza Murayiro usina kusimbiswa pasi peNIMS. Jott Information Center (JAC) inovimbisa kutumira mashoko avose. Mukati memazhini a 2020 eOctings, Cal Fire, U.S Window Ser, uye FEMA inoshanda pasi pechivako chimwe chemirairo, mazareji, uye mabhaisitiriti. Iyi tsinhirano yakadudzwa sechinhu chikuru mumoto waigona kuva wakatoipa zvikuru.

Kurovedza Nokuronga

Rovedzo dzetsika dzakawanda dzenguva dzose dzerakadai se National Development (NL) [NLT] shoodoka yemaSangano] (kubatanidza pakati peFEMA, zvinotemwa, uye nzanga dzomunzvimbomo. Kurovedza muviri patept panzvimbo yomunzvimbomo kunowanzobatanidza kuvatana kwehurumende. Zvisinei, mishumo yakacherekedza yataurazve kuti hurumende dzakawanda dzomunzvimbomo hadzina zviwirirano kuti dziite zvizere muuku kurovedza, kuchitungamirira kukubatanidza mumijaho apo chinoitika chaichoicho chinoitika.

Gadziriro Yokukumbira Kwazvo

Gadziriro yakarongwa yokukumbira zviwanikwa zvehurumende (zvinonzi Resource Kukumbira) inobuda kubva kuEOC yomunzvimbomo kundotaura EOC kuRefesition National Coonativement Center (NRCC). Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinobvumira kudikanwa negadziriro yemitengo. Sisitemu iyi inogona kuva inononotsa . Kutsoropodza kukuru mukati me Hurricane Katrinah(asi chinjo dzakavandudza. Mis Miswo Muitiro weRevotion Mugovero weNational Cootiotivement Center inobvumira FEMA kumabasa ehurumende (se souG.Court) kubetsera vapidenti.

Fundo Dzenhau Mumavhiri Omunzvimbomo

Kuongorora zviitiko chaizvo zvenyika kunoratidza simba uye kusava nesimba kwenyika.

Hurricane Katrina (2005)

Kundikano yemwero dzose nhatu dzehurumende yakanga yakajeka. Zviwanikwa zvomunzvimbomo muNew Orleans zvakakurirwa chose chose nokundikano dzinoshanda. Hurumende yakanga isina gadziriro yokubuda inobudirira, uye mhinduro yehurumende pasi peFEMA yakatsoropodzwa zvakakomba nokuda kwokuva anononoka, anodzorwa, uye asingabatiki. Njodzi yakatungamirira ku Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reformation Act (2006, iyo yakabvisa chiremera chaFEMA, yakavandudza zvibvumirano, uye yakasimbisa ukoshi hwezvinhu zvakatangira kuvakwa. Chidzidzo: Pasi pekubatanidzwa chapachokwadi, tsika yakavharwa inogona kuputsanya ngwavaira.

Mwoto wakakomba weCalifornia (2020)

Mukati memwaka yokuparadza mwoto yakakurumbira, madhipatimendi omunzvimbomo omwoto (CAL FIRE, maruwa omwoto) akatanga kupindura, nendyiko dzehurumende nedzenyika dzakakwirira nokukurumidza. FEMA yakaiswa panzvimbo yepamberi pekuisa masangano eHlamu yeHsebenzise ye Zhemiswo yeUnionism ikaita kuti zvive zvidaviswe semuenzaniso webatira pamwe chete, kunyange zvazvo vatsoropodzi vachinongedzera kuti kuperevedzo yezviwanikwa zvichiri kuitika nemhaka yenhamba yemoto wavose.

COVID-19 Pandemic (2020-2023)

Dambudziko racho rakafumura simba rakasiyana: hurumende yehurumende yakabudisa nhungamiro nokuparadzirwa kwemishonga yakabhadharwa (Operation Warp Speeur), asi madhipatimendi outano omunzvimbomo akanga ane mutoro wokuedza, kunzvera, uye kudzikamisa kwemirairo youtano hwavanhu. Kushanda kwakafanira kwakatungamirira kugadziriro yemitemo yakasiyana- siyana yakaitwa nejekiseni yemitemo yaibudisa mirayiridzo yokugara pamusha, dzimwe dzakarega. Basa raFEMA rakachinja kugovera mabasa emortuary, PPE kutakura, uye kushandira nzvimbo dzinodzivirira. Murakatira wacho wakasimbisa kudikanwa kukuru kwezvoutano hwemoruzhinji uye miganhuro yechiremera chomubatanidzwa muutano hwehurumende.

Moto wemamota (2023)

Muna August 2023, tsva rinokurumidza kupfuta rakaparadza Lahaina, Hawaii. Vadzimi vomwoto vomunzvimbomo vakakurirwa nokukurumidza nemhaka yedzvinyiriro yemvura yakaganhurirwa nokundikano dzekurukurirano. Hurumende yakaunganidza National Guard ndokukumbira chiziviso chengwavaira yehurumende, icho chakatenderwa mukati mamazuva. Zvisinei, vakapukunyuka navakuru vakuru vakatsoropodza FEMA nokuda kwetepi tsvuku netsigiro yedzimba. Mhaka yacho inosimbisa kuti kunyange apo kurongeka kwegadziriro yemibatanidzwa inoramba iri denho.

Matambudziko Nemikana

Pasinei nemakumi emakore echinjo, zvinetso zvinoverengeka zvinopfuurira zvinoganhurira kubudirira kwegadziriro yekurumidziro.

Kukurukurirana Nemashoko Akasiyana

Masangano omunzvimbomo, ehurumende, uye ehurumende anowanzoshandisa maredhiyo kana kuti zvikamu zvemazita zvisingawirirani. SAFCOM purogiramu yepurogiramu yokushandira pamwe, asi nzvimbo zhinji dzomumaruwa dzichiri kushaiwa zvirongwa zvemichina. Mukati me 2024 muTexas, vakuru vakuru vakuru vomunzvimbomo vaivimba neredhiyo dzehafu apo mibatanidzwa yemasero yakakundikana. Mitemo: Chizvarwa Chiteshi Chatevedzani 911 (M991) uye kubatanidzwa, purogiramu yokutarisira zviitiko zvegore.

Kutsigira Mari Yakasiyana

Mishumo yakapfuma inogona kubhadhara nguva yakazara EMAS, mepu yeGIS yakaisvonaka, uye mirwi yekurumidziro. Miganhu yezvisarudzo yemaruwa inowanzotsamira pazvipo zviduku. 2023 yakaitwa neNational Emergency Management Association yakawana kuti 40% yeEMAs inoshanda nemitezo mitatu yavashandi. Hurumende yehurumende inogona kuderedza zvinodikanwa zvakafanana nokuda kwezvipo zvemibato yakakwirira, yakaderera.

Kurwisa Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika Nekushanda Kwehurumende

Kukumbira zviziviso zvehurumende kwazova kwechinodzorwa. Vamwe vatongi vanozengurira kukumbira betsero nemhaka yorudado kana kuti itiro hanya dzavapanduki, nepo vamwe vangakumbira nokuda kwezvinoitika zviduku. Nenzira inopesana, FEMA ingava inononoka kutendera ziziviso nemhaka yeganhuriro dzemari. Stafford Act zvinangwa zvokuchinja donzo rekubatanidza mipimo nokuda kweziviso, nepo zvichiwedzera kuchinjika nokuda kwokuita chisarudzo chomunzvimbomo.

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi Dzokutarisira Kwekurumidziro

Sezvo chinjo yomugariro wokunze inowedzera uzhinji noukombi hwengwavaira, gadziriro yacho inofanira kushanduka - shanduka.

Mugariro Wose Wava Pedyo

FEMA’s Uzivi hwe Whotle nzanga hunosimbisa kupinda vanhu, mabhizimisi, mapurofiti, uye masangano akavakirwa pakutenda mukuronga ngwavaira. Ikoku kunobvisa mutoro kubva kuhurumende yoga ndokuvaka tsinhano yenzanga. EMAS inowedzera kuunganidza Communy Emergency Response Communits [RT] uye mubiyaro namasangano avazvipiri seRed Cross and Jobunic.

Kuchinja Kwemamiriro Okunze Nokuchinja

Kuisa mari mungozi yengozi mukuvadziko inodzikamisa (*.kufanana nokudzorera nzvimbo dzapasi, kuvaka mhinganidzo dzemafashamo omusikirwo, uye misha inodzivirira moto (*kuderedza kudikanwa kwemhinduro. Iffrapublicature Informationmentation and Jobs Act (2021) uye [FLT] Incatiation Reduction Act [20022] Act yakagovera mabhiriyoni nokuda kwokugadziriswa kwemamiriro okunze, yakaitwa zvikurukuru pamwero yomunzvimbomo. Chinetsoro chichava chokutsigira mapurogiramu aya kupfuura kutungamirira kwezvamatongerwe enyika.

Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Nokuzvivandudza

Mishonga, kunzvera kukuvadza kweAI, uye maapps eserura nokuda kwokunyoresa kwakapukunyuka zviri kuva mupimo. FEMA iri kuisa mari mu jiospatial data [ kuti inatsiridze kuziva mamiriro ezvinhu. Masangano omunzvimbomo achada betsero yemichina kuti awane aya maturusi pasina kukurira vashandi vaduku.

Mugumisiro: Mutoro Wokugoverana

Kupindura kwekurumidziro kunoshanda hausi mutambo wezero-sum pakati pehurumende dzomunzvimbomo nedzehurumende. Igadziriro inotsamirana apo masangano enzvimbo yaanogara anopa mutsetse wokutanga wedziviriro nechemo.