Nhoroondo Yomutauro Wemberi

Sumo yeUnited States Constitution haina kubuda muchinhu chisingakoshi; yakanga iri muuyo wekurukurirano huru, kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira kwezvamatongerwe enyika, uye unyanzvi hwemitauro namaune mukati mezhizha ra1787. Convention yeBumbiro reMitemo muPhiladelphia yakatarisana nebasa guru rokutsiva Zvikamu zvisina simba zveConfection negadziriro itsva yehurumende yenyika. Mutauro wesumo unoratidzira chishuvo chavavavambi kurondedzera zvose zviri zviviri chiremera nevavambi vehurumende yehurumende yehurumende nomutoo waizowirirana navagari vemo ndokuita kuti kuedza kusina muenzaniso muRepublic relicism kuve azvitonga.

Gouverneur Morris, nhume inobva Pennsylvania ine chipo chemheteso yakajeka, anorumbidzwa zvikuru somunyori mukuru wemashoko okupedzisira ePregash. Somusoro weDare reCreenture, Morris aiva nomutoro wokunatsa mutauro weBumbiro reMitemo pamberi pokuiswa nokuda kwokunatsiridza. Akashandura pamutemo wakaoma kuva vhura refuringi rinovamba neshoko rine simba re "Isu Vanhu." Maererano nezvinyorwa zvenhau, manyorero ekare akarava kuti "Isu Vanhu veUnited States of Hampshire, Massachusetts," zvichingodaro. Morris yakachichinja zvakakurumbira kuva "Vanhu veUnited States" kusimbisa kuti Bumbiro remitemo rinotora simba raro kubva kuboka rimwe renyika dzose, kwete kubva kutsika dzakaparadzana.

Mutauro weGavhura wakashandiswawo pazvinyorwa zvapakuvamba izvo zvakaumba mufungo wezvamatongerwe enyika wokuMadokero. Magna Carta (1215) akatanga pfungwa yokuganhura simba rehurumende nokugadza utongi hwomutemo. ChiNgezi Bill of Rights (1689) chakapfuudzwazve dziviriro dzakarongwa nokuda kwavagari vemo. Mitemo yeHurumende yakanyorwa mukati meChinjo yeAmerica, yakadai seVirginia Declaration of Rights (1766), yaiva nemashoko pamusoro pemadonzo ehurumende. Yakabatanidza aya magamuchidzanwa apo yaiaiachinjira kuzvinodikanwa zvakananga zveRepublicracy. Maprementation aish ainzwisisa kuti , anotanga kuvhuramya, angabetsera kuita kuti kokorodzano dzinotendwa nevoruzhinji dzitsigire murairo mutsva. Nokuda kwemuitiro wokunyora , ona [FLGeneticsbook:]

Kuongorora Zvakadzama Mashoko Anokosha Emavambo

Mashoko mamwe namamwe ari muPregedge ane ukoshi hwepamutemo nohuzivi. Kunzwisisa uku mumwe nomumwe kunozivisa chiono chikuru icho vagadziri vakaitwa nokuda kwemitoro yehurumende. Madonzo matanhatu akarongwa muGadzano haasati achingovawo zvawo budiriro isingadaviriki; zvinogovera gadziriro yokududzira nyaya dzinotevera dzeBumbiro remitemo nedzokugadziridza.

"Isu Vanhu"

Ichi chitsama chemashoko chokuzarura ndicho chisarudzo chinokosha zvikurusa munhau yebumbiro remitemo reAmerica. Chinosimbisa kuti chiremera cheBumbiro reMitemo chinobuda zvakananga kubva kuvagari vemo, kwete kuhurumende kana kuti mambo upi noupi. Chisarudzo che "Isu" panzvimbo pe "Isu, vamiriri vakasainwa" chakanga chiri chisarudzo chokuziva kuita kuti gwaro rinzwe serinobatanidzwa pakati pavose veAmerica. Mashoko aya ave achishandiswa mumhaka dzeDare Rapamusorosoro nenharo dzezvamatongerwe enyika kuti atsigire nheyo yedemo yedemo yehurumende yerudzi. Zvinorevawo kuti hurumende ichisiko chavanhu uye naizvozvo inozvidavirira kwavari. Kutaura nenzira inobudirira kuzivisa uchangamire hwekare hwepamusorosoro, achiisa chiremera chakakwana mumaoko evadzose dzinotongwa.

Kuti vaumbe chisungo chakakwana kwazvo

Vagadziri vakabvuma kuti Union iripo pasi peNhevedzo dzeConfederation yakanga isina kukwana. "Yakakwana zvikuru" hairevi kukwana; inobvuma kuti Union ibasa riri kufambira mberi. Uku kutaura kunoisawo kugadziridzwa kunopfuurira nokuchinjika. Inokurukurawo kupesana pakati pechinzwano chorudzi nouchangamire hwehurumende. Nokutanga kuti "Union yakakwana zvikuru," zviratidzo zvePreamle system zvakagadzirirwa kusimbisa zvisungo pakati penyika nepo inochengeta kuzivikanwa kwayo. Chitsamacho chakataurwa munharo dzapamutemo pamusoro pesimba renyika, zvikurukuru mukati menguva yeHondo yevagari vemo, apo mubvunzo wokuti nyika dzinogona kuvakirwa parudzi rweUnion.

Kururamisira kwaEsabhari

Ruramisiro idonzo rokutanga rakarongwa, rinoratidzira ukoshi hwaro hwehwaro. Vagadziri vaiitira hanya zvikuru kuvamba gadziriro yematare nemitemo yaizova inoruramisira, isingachinji, uye isingasaruri. MuNhevedzo, kwakanga kusina judia, uye gakava pakati pehurumende kana kuti pakati pavagari venyika vakasiana-----------kungasagona kuva rakatemwa nenzira inowirirana. "Mutongi wenhau weIndaneti" unonongedzera kukusikwa kwedare renyika, kubatanidza Dare Rapamusorosoro, uye kuchengetwa kwemitemo kunobata vagari vose zvakaenzana mumutemo. Chiratidzo ichi chave chiri chikuru kukurukurirano pamusoro pekodzero dzavagari vemo, muitiro wakafanira, uye dziviriro yakaenzana munhau yeAmerica yose. [FLT] Constitution'S]

"Inispective Mountain"

Shay’s Reduction muna 1786 yakaratidzira zvakajeka kudikanwa kwehurumende yenyika yakasimba zvikuru inokwanisa kuchengeta rugare rwomukati. Mashoko aya "kusimbisa rugare rwemhuri" anoratidzira chishuvo chavamiriri kudzivirira kusagadzikana kwevagari vemo, masimba masimba enyongori, uye rwisano pakati pehurumende. Inopa simba hurumende kuti iite chiito mukurwisana nokumukira uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti mutemo nenhevedzano zvinotekeshera mukati memiganhu yenyika. Iri donzo rinoisa chiremera chaPrezidhente chehurumende chokumisa mauto ehurumende kuti adzore vhiringidzo dzehurumende, pamwe chete nebasa rehurumende mukutsigira kuchengetwa kwomutemo. Zvinorevawo mutoro wokutaura nezvezvisakiso zvikuru zvenyonganiso zvemari kana kuti kusaruramisira, kunyange zvazvo nzvimbo chaiyoiyo yomutoro iwoyo yave uchikurukurwa.

shopera kuti dziviriro iwirirane"

Kuchengeteka kwerudzi kwakanga kuri itiro hanya huru muna 1787. Zvikamu zveConfederation zvakanga zvasiya nyika iri mungozi kutyisidziro dzokunze, isina uto rakamira kana kuti gadziriro inobudirira yokubatanidza dziviriro pakati penyika. "Profeta nokuda kwedziviriro yavose" inopa hurumende simba rokusimudza nokutsigira mauto, kuvaka mauto, uye kuita mamwe mabasa anodikanwa kudzivirira nyika pavavengi vokunze. Uku kutaura ihwaro hwebumbiro remitemo remauto, pamwe chete nezvibvumirano. Kwave kuchikumbirwa kururamisa chinhu chiri chose kubva mukubatanidzwa kwehondo kuti itsigire dziviriro, uye kunoramba kuri chinangwa chikuru chehurumende yehurumende yehurumende munhambo yazvino uno.

"Ivai nenzvimbo inogara vanhu vose"

Zvichida chitsama chamashoko chinokurukurwa zvikurusa muPregary, "Kunyora garikano yose" chakadudzirwa munzira dzakasiana-- siyana. Vagadziri vamafomu vakairangarira seshoko rakafara rebasa rehurumende kufambisira mberi garikano yavagari vose, kwete bedzi mapoka akananga kana kuti nzvimbo. Zvisinei, hachisi chibvumikiso chakazvimirira chesimba; masimba eChikamu cheHurumende anonyorwa muChikamu I, Chikamu 8. Mashoko acho anobatira somutemo unopesvedzera wemitemo une chokuita nedzidzo, utano hwavose, uye mapurogiramu enzanga. Dare rapamusoro ramagariro anowanzodavira kuti "Greal Belveclement Claus" (kachinzi "Spending Claus") yakabvumira pamutemo uye kubhadhara nzanga yose kuti iparadze nokuda kweyamute seyamute sechino unobvumira mamwe masangano. Dare rehurumende rinobvumira kuti richinjire kushandura purogiramu rehurumende kuti rishanduke, asi ritsikirwewo dare rinotsigira nero rinoshanda pakati pehurumende.

Rambai muchiwana zvikomborero Zvorusununguko

Donzo rokupedzisira rakarongwa muGadziro nderose zviri zviviri kutarira shure nokuoneka. "Kuchengeta Zvikomborero zveMvumo" zvinobvuma kuti rusununguko inhaka inokosha yakawanikwa kupfurikidza neRevolution. Vagadziri vanonangidzira kudzivirira rusununguko irworwo nokuda kwe "isu timene nePresa" (Zvechizvarwa chazvino nemhindu). Chitsama ichi chinosimbisa chiono chenguva refu cheBumbiro reMitemo remitemo segadziriro inogara nguva refu yorusununguko. Chinokarakadza kuti rusununguko harusi kungovawo zvarwo bedzi kusavapo kwoudzvinyiriri asi runoda dziviriro runoshanda rwakadai sechenjero nedzi, kuparadza masimba, uye chirevo chekodzero. Chitsauko chinobatanidzawo Bumbiro remitemo nekodzero yomuzvarirwo, zvikurukuru pfungwa dzaJohn Locle, uyo akataura kuti chinangwa chikuru chehurumende chinodzivirira maruramiro avanhu. Kubatanidza nomutauro unodzorwa kupfurikidza nomutemo unodzorose.

Mashoko Okutanga Sechinonyandura Chibvumirano Checobic

Mutauro wePregaget hausati uchingorondedzera bedzi mabasa ehurumende; unopa danidzo yokutora rutivi. Mashoko okutanga "Isu Vanhu" anoreva kuti Bumbiro reMitemo iboka ravagari vemo vanofanira kuramba vachibatanidzwa nokushingaira mukuchengeta republic. Pregary inoyeuchidza chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe kuti hurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu haisati iri budiriro isingazivikanwi asi mutoro unopfuurira. Zvikoro namasangano ehurumende anoshandisa mavambo sepfundo rokutanga rekurukurirano pamusoro pougari wemo, maruramiro, uye mitoro.

Basa Mudzidzo Yemiviri

Nokuda kwavadzidzisi navadzidzi, Sumo inopa pfundo rakapfupika bvuruvuruvuru risati rasvika mufundo yehurumende yeAmerica. Mashoko ayo manomwe anogona kudzokororwa, kunyorwa, uye kukurukurwa mukirasi munyika yose. Dzidzo dzehurumende zhinji dzinokurudzira vadzidzi kunyora mashoko avo vamene okutanga nokuda kwenzanga kana kuti masangano, nenzira iyoyo achipinza nheyo dzeruramisiro, runyararo, dziviriro, uye rusununguko. Mutauro wePregashing unoonekawo mumiitiro, mhiko dzomusikirwo, uye kutaura kwapachena. Ribrary yeChinyorwa chikuru cheCongresstion [FLT] unogovera zvinhu zvinobetsera vadzidzisimubatanidzwa zvakananga muzvinyorwa zvenhau nekurukurirano.

Kududzira Kutonga Neganhuriro

Nepo Sumosarudzo inowanzodudzwa munharo dzapamutemo, matare akarangarira nguva dzose kuti haapi maruramiro api naapi echikamu chehurumende pachawo. Sezvinotaurwa neDare Rapamusorosoro mu Jacobson v. Massachusetts[ (0], Pregation haisati ichipa hurumende masimba api naapi ehurumende asingarongi zvakananga munzvimbo iri muBumbiro reMitemo. Zvisinei, inobatira senhungamiro inodudzira (a) mukoto kupfurikidza nawo vatongi vanogona kunzwisisa madonzo sebumbiro reBumbiro remitemo. Somuenzaniso, apo anorangarira ukurusarira kuva nomugariro weCrecumatessias, mutongi angatarira kunharidzano ye "kubudisa chengeteko yose" kusarudza kana purogiramu yakati yorudzi. Nenzira yakafanana, kutsanangura kuteverwa kwomutemo uye kutevedzero yomutemo.

Kuzvidzwa Kwazvino Uno Nokushandiswa Kwesumo

Muzana ramakore rechimakumi maviri namashanu, mutauro wePregaget unopfuurira kunzwika muhurukuro yezvamatongerwe enyika, kurukurirano dzemiitiro yavose, uye kutaura kwounyanzvi. Mashoko awo anodzokororwa pamitambo yokuzvigadzira, inodhindwa pazvivako zvehurumende, uye inonokorwa mashoko navatungamiriri vepfungwa dzose dzezvamatongerwe enyika. Pregegedge yakachinjirwawo namasangano enzanga (kubva kukodzero dzevagari vemo kusvikira kukuita chiito chezvakatipoteredza).

Gakava Pamusoro Perevo Yapakuvamba Nedudziro Yapashure

Nyanzvi nevanotonga havabvumirani pamusoro poukoshi hwokupa mavambo pakududzira Bumbiro reMitemo. Vazivi vemavambo vanopikisa kuti revo yePregeget inogadzwa nenzwisiso yenhau ya1787-1789. Kwavari, mashoko akadai se "general Welfare" anofanira kunzwisiswa mumashoko edare regumi namasere, iro rakaisa mumurangariro basa rehurumende rakaganhurirwa. Kurarama kwemitemo, kune rumwe rutivi, kuona kuvamba senheyo dzinochinjika dzinogona kuchinjika kuchinjika kumigariro mitsva. Ivo vanonongedzera kumashoko "a yakakwana zvikuru Union" soufakazi hwokuti Bumbiro remitemo rakagadzirirwa kugadziriswa nokukura. Iyi kurukurirano haisati iriwo zvayo dzidzo chete. Kutapura nhau dzenyika yose youtano, purogiramu dzezvoutano, mamiriro ezvinhu ezvenyika nemitemo yorudzi.

Kushandiswa Muupenyu Hwevanhu Hwematongerwe Enyika uye Hworuzhinji

Mapurezidhendi anobva kuGeorge Washington kusvikira kunguva yazvino akanokora mashoko Sumo mukero dzokutanga, State of the Union headers, uye dzimwe kero huru. Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Aderey, kunyange zvazvo isinganongi zvakananga mashoko ePregary, akadzokorora misoro yawo yerusununguko nemubatanidzwa. Munguva dzazvino uno, Pregegary yakashandiswa kururamisa chinhu chiri chose kubva pakusikwa kweBato reHomeland Security kusvikira kukukura kwamambure echengeteko. Mutauro waro unooneka mumirayiro yenyika, mashoko esangano, uye masangano anodzorwa. Kurangarira kwenhau kwese pose pose, rugare, chengeteko, chengeteko, uye rusununguko rwamafaunzi kunoshandiswa kure kure kure. Nokuda kwavadzidzi, kunzvera kupfuutsa kwapamhindwa kwapapo kwechipfumiteko kwapapu yezvamatongerwe enyika kunogona kukudza kuonga kuonga kwaronze kwechitenziro. [5]

Mugumo: Simba Risingaperi Romutauro Wokutanga

Sumo yeUnited States Constitution inoramba iri chinhu chikurusa chejekeso rehurumende nefuridziro. Mashoko ayo akasarudzwa nokungwarira anoita zvinangwa zvakawanda: anoita kuti Bumbiro remitemo rive repamutemo kupfurikidza nokuisa chiremera charo muvanhu, vanodudza zvinangwa zvinokosha zvehurumende yehurumende, uye vanopa danidzo isati ichiripo kuva vagari vemo vanoshingaira. Mutauro wePregagery wakaratidza kuva unochinjika zvakakwana kutungamirira rudzi rwakura kubva kugumi namagumi namatatu evagari vepasi, uye nheyo dzarwo dzinopfuurira kupokanidzwa nokuna kupfurikidza nerwisano yechizvarwa chimwe nechimwe nokuda kweruramisiro, chengeteko, uye rusununguko.

Nokuda kwavadzidzi, vadzidzi, uye vagari vemo, kufunda Sumo isati iri bedzi nzira yokushandisa munzwisiso yenhau. Ikokuchikuchidzira kurangarira rudzi rwenzanga rwatinoda kuvaka uye mitoro yatinotakura semitezo yedzosero rinozviparira. Pregary inobvunza kuti tirangarire kana tiri kuumba mubatanidzwa wakakwana zvikuru, kana tiri kutanga ruramisiro, uye kana tiri kuchengetedza zvikomborero zverusununguko nokuda kwezvizvarwa zvakatevedzana. Munhambo yokuchinja kwezvamatongerwe enyika uye kuchinja kwokukurumidza, mutauro waPregary unogovera mashoko mamwe nokuda kwokuvandudza kushambadzwa. Mashoko acho anotiyeuchidza kuti kuedza kweAmerica kuri kunopfuurira, uye kuti kubudirira kwaronde pavose vanoti "Vanhu Vati"."