Gerrymanider inomirira chimwe chedenho hurusa kumimiriri yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu muUnited States nhasi. Uyu muitiro wokushandisa miganhu yevhoriyano kuti itendere masangano akati ezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti mapoka wakachinja kubva muunyanzvi hwenharo muzana ramakore rechi 19 kupinda mubasa rakakomba iro rinogona kuchinja zvikuru dzikamo yesimba rezvamatongerwe enyika. Kunzwisisa kuti kubatira sei, midzi yaro yenhau, uye miuyo yayo inoparira miuyo inokosha kudikanwo yoga yoga yoga anokoshesa kuratidzirwa kwakarurama nenheyo dzedemocracy.

Chii chiri Gerrymandering?

Kuchinja kwezvamatongerwe enyika miganhu yeruwa yezvisarudzo kuti ibetsere boka rebato, boka, kana kuti nzanga yenzanga mukati mouzivi hwehurumende.

Purofesa weMorgan State University anorondedzera kuti kuhurondedzera savavhoti vavo panzvimbo pokuvhota vezvematongerwe enyika. Uku kuchinja kwenheyo dzehurumende yedemocracy kunotapura zvikuru vanhu, uko simba rinofanira kuyerera richibva kuvanhu richienda kuvakuru vakuru vavo vakasarudzwa, kwete kumwe kupfurikidza nokuchinja. Apo vezvamatongerwe enyika vanodzora muitiro wokuchinja, vanogona kusarudza nenzira inobudirira vavhoti vavo panzvimbo pokubvumira vamiriri vavo kusarudza kupfurikidza nesarudzo dzakafanira.

Muitiro unoshatisa muitiro wedemocracy kupfurikidza nokuita mepu dzinosarudzwa idzo dzinofanoronga miuyo pamberi pokuvhota kumwe. Maruwa anogona kukweverwa kuva nechokwadi chokuti boka rimwe rinokunda nenzvimbo dzakaisvonaka munharaunda zhinjisa apo vavhoti vanonangidzira chishoro muruwa rushoma umo vanowina zvikuru asi vasina pesvedzero kune imwe nzvimbo. Uku kudzorwa kunosekesa nheyo huru yokumirira kwakaenzana uye kunogona kusiya mamirioni avavhoti vachinzwa kuti manzwi avo haana basa mugadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Mavambo Enhau Okutanga Kwemajeri

Kutanga Kweshoko Racho

Shoko, rakanyorwa pakuvamba sa "Gerry-mander," rakatanga kushandiswa pana March 26, 1812, muBoston Gazette mukupindura kugadziriro inomutsa nharo muMassachusetts. Muna 1812, muMassachusetts, Gavhuna Elbridge Gerry akasaina gadziriro yokuchinja yaidzora Dare reHurumende kuti itsigire vaFederations.

Parakadhindwa, rimwe ramaruwa akagadzirwa nenyoka munharaunda yeBoston rainzi rakafanana nomutambi wengano. Kuoneka neshoko racho, uye kubetsera kupararira nokutsigira mukurumbira waro, kwakanga kuri mufananidzo wezvamatongerwe enyika unoratidzira mhuka yechienzi ine zvirahwe, mapapiro, uye musoro wakafanana neshato uyo wakafanana noruwa rwakafanana nechekare. Mufananidzo wakavezwa nomuvezi wengano Erikana Tisdale, wakashandura mepu yoruwa kuva chisikwa chinotyisa chakabata fungidziro chavose ndokupa muitiro wacho zita rayo rinogara.

Shoko rokuti "gerrymander" rakaumbwa papati yezvokudya zvamanheru yeBoston yaigarwa nomutungamiriri weFederal muna March 1812, maererano nenyaya ya1892 yakanyorwa naJohn Ward Dean. Apo vashanyi vezvokudya zvemanheru vakanzvera mepu itsva yoruwa, mumwe akacherekedza kuti yairatidzika sesamarander. Aiwa, "Gerry-mander" yakapiwa mudetembi Richard Androp, uyo aiwanzobatira pamwe naTisdale. Porteau inobatanidza zita raGavhuna Gerry" rakana kuti "salander" uye shoko racho rakashandiswa kubvira panguva inorondedzera kudzorwa kwemigaro.

Elbridge Gerry: Reluctent Lantake

Elbridge Gerry, gavhuna uyo akasaina mutongo wacho uchiumba ruwa rweHapen Massachusetts, akanga ari Baba Vakawanwa: Musaini weChiziviso Chorusununguko, mumiriri anozengurira weBumbiro reMitemo, mutungamiriri wedare, mumiriri, uye muteveri wechishanu woutungamiriri. Mipiro yake kurusununguko rweAmerica yakanga iri huru, bva zita rake rakava rakafanana nomuitiro waaishumwa kuva anoshora.

Gerry, uyo akashora somunhu oga muitiro wacho, akasaina gwaro iro rakabatanidza Massachusetts nokuda kwebetserwo yeDemocratic-Republican Party. Mukuwirirana nomwanakomana wake womutemo uye munyori wenhau, Gerry akawana chirongwa chinodzokororwa chinonzi "hachisi kuchena chose chose" uye akazengurira kusaina, asi muenzaniso panguva yacho waidavira kuti magavhuna eMassachusetts haana kubvisa mitemo kuto kutoti ivo vakanga vasina kuzviisa pasi.

Nenzira inoshamisa, gerrymander haana kuponesa basa rezvamatongerwe enyika raGerry munguva pfupi. Musarudzo ya 1812, zvose zviri zviviri Massachusetts House nahurumende zvakakurirwa zvakanaka naFederalst, kurasikirwa naGerry basa rake, asi dare rehurumende rakatemerwa rakaramba rakasimba mumaoko eDemocratic-Republican. Pasinei zvapo nokurasikirwa nehurumende, Gerry akapfuurira kubatira saMutungamiriri weMaster pasi paJames Madison kuvambira muna 1813 kusvikira parufu rwake muna 1814.

Gerrymandering Asati Asvika Kurutsiro

Muitiro wokuchinja zvinhu wakaoneka mumazuva okutanga ehurumende yeUS, kunyange sezvo Bumbiro reMitemo rakanga richitenderwa.

Kumwe kwokuratidzira kukuru kwokutanga kwegerrymander muUnited States kwakaitika muna 1788 munyika itsva yeVirginia, umo aichimbova gavhuna Patrick Henry akaedza kushandisa kupeta kuti aparadze mukwikwidzani wake James Madison. Uku kuedza kwapakuvamba pakushandiswa kwezvamatongerwe enyika mumiganhu yoruwa kunoratidzira kuti muedzo wokugadzira mepu dzinosarudzwa nokuda kwebetsero dzehurumende wave uripo chifo chokutangwa kweRepublic. Sezvinofadza nokuda kwenhau yeAmerica, kuedza kwaHenry Henry kwakundikana, uye Madison akapfuurira kuva Mutungamiriri wechina weUnited States.

Mashandiro Anoita Gerrymanidering Mabhuku: Matechnique Nematapiro

Kunzwisisa nzira idzi dzinokosha kuvagari vemunyika vanoda kuziva kuti simba ravo rokuvhota riri kukanganiswa kana kuti riri kushandiswa zvisiri izvo.

Kutsemura: Miti Yechishoro Inoparadzana

Kukamura mapoka avavhoti vasina kutenderwa pakati pemaruwa akawanda. Muruwa akawanda, kurasika kunonongedzera kumuitiro wokudhirowa maruwa anokamura nzanga kana kuti kudzorwa kwemaruwa anoverengeka. Mukuita kudaro, pesvedzero yenzanga kana kuti kudzorwa kungaderedzwa, kuchidzivisa boka kugadzira muchina wokuvhota mukati meruwa rupi norupi rwakakwana kusarudza vadavi veboka.

Fungidzira guta rine vanhu vakawanda vanotsigira Party A. Dai guta iroro raichengetwa risina kukuvadzwa mukati moruwa rumwe, vavhoti ivavo sezvingabvira vaizosarudza mumiriri kubva paParty A. Zvisinei, kana boka rinodzora kunyora mativi raida kuderedza pesvedzero yeParty A, vanogona ku "macrack" guta kupfurikidza nokurikamura pakati pamaruwa anoverengeka. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe cheguta ipapo chinobatanidzwa nenharaunda dzakapoteredza nzvimbo idzo Boka B, vachivimbisa kuti Party Av azova mushomanene muruwa rwose rwavakaiswamo.

Iyi nzira inokamura nzanga kuva maruwa akawanda kuva nechokwadi chokuti haisati ine pesvedzero ine revo nemubhadhari. Munhau yakashata yedzinza yokuchinja, kuputsa kwaiwanzoshandiswa kuva nechokwadi chokuti vaAfrican-American vaisagona kusarudza vatendi vezvamatongerwe enyika veAfrica neAmerica. Nepo Voting Rights Act yakarambidzwa nokunyandurwa norudzi, mutoo unopfuurira kushandiswa nokuda kwamadonzo okutsiva.

Muenzaniso chaiwoiwo wenyika unoratidzira simba rokuparadza. Texas Republicans, anodzora zvose zviri zviviri chigaro chehurumende nehofisi yagavhuna, akatendera kuti democratic deronseat reconficiation ive jini reRepublicalset pakuvamba kwegore rino. Nhau iri pamusoro: Austin, iyo gadziriro inokamuranisa kuva maruwa matanhatu ayo anoratidzira kunze kubatanidza mazana amakiromita endima yenzvimbo yemumahotera neyomuruwa. Kupfurikidza nokudiscric Aus'Ddemocratic Reconficiote muruwa rutanhatu, gadziriro yokuwedzera kudzosera kunovimbisa kuti Ddemocravice Revice haigoni kuwina chipi nechipi chezvigaro zvezvigaro izvozvo.

Kutakura Mabhokisi: Kuderedza Mibato Yechishoro

Kukwidza kunoitika apo vatsigiri vazhinji vebato rakawirwa nenyajambwa vanotsvikinyidzirwa muchiverengero chiduku chamaruwa, vachiapa mugumisiro mukuru. Kuisa makramu akawanda orudzi rumwe rwomuvhoti muruwa rumwe kuti vangokwanisa bedzi kusarudza mumiriri mumwe, panzvimbo pokuvabvumira kupesvedzera miuyo yokuvhota mumaruwa anoverengeka.

Nepo kuparadzira chishoro chichivaterudza, kurongedza kunoita zvakapesana kupfurikidza nokuvapa ngwariro mumaruwa mashomanene sezvinobvira. Boka rinodzora kurongera aya maruwa akarongeka rinobvuma chishoro, richivabvumira kukunda nemicheto mikuru ya 70%, 80%, kana kuti kunyange 90%. Zvisinei, iyi nzira inopambadza vhotiswo dzechishoro. Vavhoti vokuwedzera ivavo kupfuura zvinodikanwa kuwina pasina donzo, uye chishoro chishoma zvikuru chinowanika kukwikwidzani mumaruwa akapoteredza.

Kukwidza kunoitika apo vatsigiri vemamepu vanoisa pfungwa dzavatsigiri vebato rimwe kana kuti maruwa mashomanene. Ikoku kunoparira maruwa ewisctication nevoruzhinji zvikuru vebato rimwe, kuchideredza mikana yebato iroro yokuwina mune dzimwe maruwa. Mugumisiro ndewokuti boka racho rinowana zvigaro zvishoma kupfurikidza nemicheto mishomanene inokona nechemberi nechemberi nechemberi, kuchipa pututsi rainyora mepu betsero huru muzvigaro zvadzo zvakawanwa kunyange zvazvo ringarasikirwa nevhoti yakakurumbira.

Mubatanidzwa wokurongedza nokutsemura unoparira chibhakera chimwe chine simba. Uyu muitiro unopedzwa nemitoo miviri inowirirana: kurongedza nokutsemuka. Kupfurikidza nokurongedza vavhoti vanoshora mumaruwa mashomanene uye kuputsanya mamwe mumaruwa akawanda, vagadziri vemapu vanogona kuderedza nenzira yakarongeka mano echishoro okuwina zvigaro apo vachiwedzera kumirira kwebato ravo vamene.

Kuba Vanhu: Vaya Vanongoda Kupamba

Kutora vanhu kuendesa kero yomusha wemutengi kune rumwe ruwa. Kusarudza kunogona kuva kwakaoma zvikuru apo chisarudzo chinenge chapamberi chinenge chisingachagari muruwa kana kuti zviso zvisati zvichizogarazve muruwa rutsva rune muvhoti mutsva. Iyi nzira inonanga zvikurukuru vadzoreri vemitemo kupfurikidza nokuvhomora miganhu yoruwa kuti vaparadzane nenzvimbo yavo yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Vezvematongerwe enyika vakawanda vane nzvimbo dzakavakirwa; nzvimbo dzavakakurira mune zvematongerwe enyika umo vane vatsigiri, vatsigiri vezvamatongerwe enyika, vapi uye zita.

Kupamba kunoendesa muvhoti wezvamatongerwe enyika asingatengi kune rumwe ruwa, kuchivasiya vapererwa muruwa rutsva netsigiro shoma. Vanotsvairwa vanofanira ipapo kusarudza pakati pokutama kuti vagare munzvimbo yavo, kumhanya muruwa rwavakanga vasina kurovedzana narwo umo vasina zita kana kuti tsigiro, kana kuti kurega mune zvamatongerwe enyika. Iyi nzira inoshanda zvikurukuru mukubvisa vashori vezvamatongerwe enyika pasina vhiringidzo yokuvakurira murusarudzo.

Kucheka: Kumanikidza Vaya Vanofanira Kushandira Pamwe

Nzira iyi inowanzoshandiswa kana hurumende yarasikirwa nezvigaro zvayo pashure pokuverenga vanhu uye panofanira kubatanidza maruwa, kana kuti apo boka rinodzora kuongorora nzvimbo rinenge richida kubvisa vanhu vakasiyana kubva pabato rinopikisana.

Kupfurikidza nokumanikidzira vamiririri vaviri kukwikwidzana nokuda kwechigaro chimwe, kuvhozhokera vimbiso dzokuti anenge muiti wemitemo mumwe ane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira acharasikirwa nenzvimbo yavo. Ikoku kunogona kuva kunokuvadza zvikuru apo vose vari vaviri vapamberi vanobva mubato rimwe chetero, sezvo kuchimanikidza sarudzo huru inokamuranisa inogona kuparadzanisa vatsigiri vebato uye zviwanikwa zvenhimbe izvo zvinogona kushandiswa mukurwisana nebato rinopikisa.

Boka rinodzora kuvhozhokera rinogona kushandisa kuvhozhokera kuti riparadze vashori varo vanobudirira zvikurusa kana kuti kuranga mitezo yebato ravo vamene isina kuvimbika zvakakwana. Ikoku kunoparira muuyo unotyisa umo vaiti vemitemo vanganzwa vachimanikidzirwa kukwidza mutsetse webato kana kuti ngozi yokubviswa pazvigaro zvavo.

Nguva Yazvino Uno Yokupara Mishonga

Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Nemapu Epamberi Pezvisingashandiswi

Kuwanda kworuzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu rwakakwirira uye kusarurana kwakawedzerwa munyika yose kwakaita kuti kufambiswa kwemapu kuve nyore zvikuru, vagadziri vemamepu vachikwanisa kuvhota zvakananga kunzvimbo yeguta.

Fambiro mberi muruzivo rwokugadzira kombiyuta dzakaita kuti purogiramu yemapureji ive inobudirira zvikuru kupfuura yayaimboita kare. "Idzo dzaishandiswa kunyora maruwa nemaoko dzichishandisa mutemo weslide," Kousser anoti. "Iye zvino unogona kubudisa mapurani eruwa 10 000 ekombiyuta." Software yemapureji yemapurejimendi inogona kunzvera zvitsama zvikuru pamusoro pemiitiro yokuvhota, nhamba dzebato, kunyoresa, uye kunyange tsika dzevatengi kufungidzira nenzira yakarurama inoshamisa kuti mapoka akasiyana - siyana achavhota sei.

Mashoko makuru akaitawo kuti zvive nyore zvikuru kuti vezvamatongerwe enyika vade vavhoti vapi vavanoda muruwa, kusvikira kuuremu hwemhuri. Uku kururama kunobvumira vagadziri vemamepu kunyora maruwa anoratidzika kuva ane mufungo pamusoro asi anosanogadzirirwa kuita miuyo yakafanorongwa. Garierimani akangwara anogona kuparira maruwa akatsemuka uye akarongeka ayo anoratidzika kuva akatsvinda zvikuru uye ane zvikwereti asi kunyange zvakadaro anorerutsira zvikuru rimwe boka.

Muuyo ndewokuti kudzorwa kwazvino uno kunogona kuva kunobudirira zvikuru uye kusingaonekwi zvikuru kupfuura maruwa akaumbwa namaramarander muna 1812. Maruwa anogona kutevera miganhu inoratidzika kuva ine mufungo apo achiri akarongedzerwa nokungwarira kusimbisa betsero dzinowedzera. Ikoku kunoita kuti zvive zvakaoma zvikuru kuti vagari vazive apo kudzorwa kwakaitika uye zvakaoma zvikuru kudenha mepu dzinoshandiswa mudare.

Dare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa Neredhisimari

Munyaya ya2018 Rucho neCommon Cause, Dare rakatonga muchisarudzo chakakamuraniswa kuti matare ehurumende haana chiremera chokutaura nezvezvinenge zvataurwa nedare rinotonga kuti risaparadze. Iyi chisarudzo chechiratidzo chakachinja zvikurukuru nzvimbo yokuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu muAmerica kupfurikidza nokubvisa matare ehurumende pakutarisira gerrymaning.

Voruzhinji vakagumisa kuti kunyange zvazvo kudzorwa kwechitsaru kuri kuwirirana nenheyo dzehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu . . . . kudzorwa kunotaura kuti kunogovera mibvunzo yezvamatongerwe enyika isingagoni kusvikwa nematare ehurumende. Chisarudzo chacho chakavhara nenzira inobudirira zvikumbiro zvevatsigiri mumatare ehurumende kamwe uye zvose, kuchisiya mushonga weiyi nhau usingazivikanwi.

Kuchinja kwapashure pekuverengwa kwavanhu 2020 kwakanga kuri kwokutanga chibviro chokutonga kweDare Gurusa re 2019 kuti mepu dzakagadzirwa hadzigoni kupomedzwa mudare rehurumende. Chifo chezvipo, vaAmerica vakaona kudzongonyedzwa kuchipinda pamwero isingaenzaniswi munzvimbo zhinji — uye yakaipisisa ingava isati yauya. Pasina tarisiro yedare rehurumende, mishonga bedzi yedare reparati yehurumende zvino inova pasi pematare ehurumende, mabumbiro enyika, kana kuti muitiro wezvamatongerwe enyika umene.

Nepo kubvisa kusingagoni kudenhwa mumatare ehurumende, jajimaning yedzinza inoramba iri pasi pehwirudzuro yomubatanidzwa. Parisan gerrymanindering haigoni kudenhwa mumatare omubatanidzwa, asi jackrymaning yedzinza inogona. Uku kuparira nzvimbo yapamutemo yakaoma umo mepu imwe cheteyo yoruwa ingava isingatapurwi nedenho seraundindi inodenha kana ichigona kuratidzwa kuva inosarura padzinza.

Kutenderera Kunochengetedza Kuchangobva Kuitika

Pashure pokuverengwa kwevanhu kwa2020, vanhu vokuRepublica vaidzora kurongwa kwokuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu munyika dzakawanda kupfuura vaDemocrates, uye vakashandisa izvi nesimba.Kuronga nharaunda kwakatevera kuverengwa kwevanhu kwa2020 kwakaratidza kuti kudzora kunoitwa mepu kunogona kuva nesimba zvakadini mukusarudza migumisiro inosarudzwa.

Mepu yeNorth Carolina yazvino inoumba mamiriro ezvinhu. Kunyange zvazvo mitsetse yamaruwa ingaratidzika kuva yakanaka, vanoisa vavhoti noururami hwakangwarira zvokuti veRepublica vanovimbiswa kuti vachahwina 10 vemibatanidzwa 14 yehurumende uye vangagona kuwina vakawanda sa11 — mugumisiro wakaisvosha wehondo yegore negore unoratidza kuti vavhozhokeri veDemocrats nguva dzose kuti vazivise nzvimbo dzakafara. Muenzaniso uyu unoratidza kuti gerrymander inogona sei kuparira kubuda pakati pemiitiro yevhotera yehurumende yeRevota nemherion.

Kunokosha kucherekedza kuti haisati iri maruwa ose anotariswa nenzira yechienzi. Maruwa akatarira asina kurongwa angaumbwa nemhaka bedzi yokuti anotevera rutivi rwenzvimbo dzakadai sorwizi kana kuti miganhu yeguta kana kuti nemhaka yokuti anoramba ari pamwe chete nzanga dzine zvinodikanwa zvakafanana kana kuti zvinokosha zvinogoverwa. Chimiro choruwa rwoga hachibvumikisi germaning; chinokosha ndechokuti miganhu yacho yakadzorwa kushandura miuyo yemiuyo inodzororo kana kuti kubatira nharidzano dzemitemo dzepedi.

Tapuro Yokudzora Ubati Ushe Hwehurumende Hunodzora

Hurumende Inodzikamisa Mumiriri

Kusarudza kunofanira kuita miuyo inoratidzira zvisarudzo zvavavhoti. Asi apo mepu dzinodzorwa, vezvamatongerwe enyika navavhoti vane simba vanosarudza vavhoti panzvimbo pokusarudza vavhoti. Uku kuchinja kukuru kwenheyo dzehurumende yedemocracy kunotapura mwoyo wehurumende inomirira uye kunogona kusiya vagari vemo vachinzwa vasina simba uye vasingadiwi.

Kuparwa kwemitengo kunogona kuita migariro umo mubato unowana zvigaro zvizhinjisa zvemitemo pasinei zvapo nokugamuchira mavhoti mashoma. Uku kupindira pakati petsigiro yakakurumbira nesimba rezvamatongerwe enyika kunosekesa kuva pamutemo kwavakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa uye kunogona kutungamirira kumitemo isingaratidziri kuda kworuzhinji rwavagari vemo. Apo vavhoti vanorangarira kuti sarudzo inofanosarudzwa uye vhoti yavo haisati iri chinhu, inokanganisa kutenda mumasangano ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.

Kunyanyisa kungaparira miuyo yesarudzo nemirairo. Kushatisa kunogona kuva kunoshamisa, nedzimwe nyika dzichiona nhume dzesangano idzo dzinenge dzakafanana zvishoma nezvinodiwa chaizvoizvo nevezvamatongerwe enyika zvevagari vadzo. Ikoku kunoparira chimiro chemitero isina kumirira, uko vagari vanodzorwa navakuru vakuru vasingamiriri zvirokwazvo fariro dzavo kana kuti mipimo.

Kuderedza Makwikwi Ezvehondo

Imwe yetapuro dzinokosha zvikurusa dzekuderedza kusarudza kwamakwikwi. Kuparwa nokutsemura zvinoparira "vhota" ndokuderedza chiverengero chamaruwa amakwikwi; muna 2025 kushuma, vaongorori vakawana chikamu chiduku bedzi chamaruwa anokwikwidzana zvirokwazvo, icho zvose zviri zviviri zvinoderedza mikana yakawanda uye zvinoisa ngwariro mungozi muzvigaro zvishomanene zvakasara.

Apo maruwa anokweverwa kuva akakotsekana nokuda kwomumwe mubato kana kuti mumwe, sarudzo chaiyoiyo inova chinhu chikuru panzvimbo pesarudzo yavose. Uku kushandura simba kuvavhoti vanovhota vanotora rutivi mumibato inoparidzira, kazhinji kazhinji kuchitungamirira kukunyorwa kwavakwidziridzi vanonyanyisa zvikuru avo vanosvika kunzvimbo yebato panzvimbo panzvimbo yavada kumirira ruwa rwacho chose zviri nani. Muuyo wacho unowedzerwa ndokuderera kudisa kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira.

Maruwa akakotsekana anoderedzawo kuzvidavirira. Apo vanokamuranisa vanoziva kuti vanodokuva vavimbiswa kusarudzwazve pasinei zvapo nebasa ravo, vane sundo shoma yokudavidza kuitiro hanya dzinobatanidza kana kuti kushanda mumitsetse yebato kupedza zvinetso. Ikoku kunogona kutungamirira kuruvara rwemitemo uye ngwariro pamashoko anogamuchirwa panzvimbo pokuita mitemo yapachivande.

Kusvika Pavanhu Vaduku

Kuvhota kunoramba kuripo mumapoka avanhu vakaderera, zvikurukuru munyika dzokumaodzanyemba, kunoreva kuti nzanga dzinotsemuka kana kuti kurongedza ruvara dzinogona kuva chishandiso chinoshanda kana chisingafadzi chokugadzira betsero dzebato rinodzora kunyora mepu.

Kupindirana kwedzinza uye kuvhota kunoparira mamiriro ezvinhu anotambudza zvikuru. Nemhaka yokuti miitiro yokuvhota inowanzowirirana nedzinza, kuvhota kunovhota kunogona kuva nomuuyo wokuderedza simba rokuvhota vashomanene kunyange apo isati iri vavariro yataurwa. Ikoku kunomutsa mibvunzo yakaoma yepamutemo netsika pamusoro pepanofanira kutorwa pakati pekusarura dzinza kunobvumirwa uye kusatendeseka.

Voing Rights Act ya1965 yakagadzirirwa kudzivirira maruramiro okuvhota mashoma nokudzivisa kudzorwa kwedzinza. Kuedza kudzora dzinza mukuwirirana nedzinza inhau, munguva dzazvino uno, dzisiri dzapamutemo chose. Zvisinei, ukama pakati porusarurano nevezvorusaruraganda hunoramba huchikakavadzana, nekurukurirano dzinopfuurira pamusoro penzvimbo dzezviduku zvikuru uye nzira yakanakisisa yokuvimbisa nayo kuva nechokwadi chomutsarano munzanga dzeruvara.

Kuchinja Kunowedzera Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika

Kungavakawo mirangariro yepfundepfunde pakati penzanga namasangano ezvamatongerwe enyika angadzima chisarudzo chavo ndokudzongonyedza batira pamwe inodikanwa nokuda kwefariro dzakanakisisa dzeUnited States. Gerrymandering inoparira chinetso chikuru chokubatana kwezvamatongerwe enyika kupfurikidza nokuumba maruwa akakotsekana umo vadaviri vanofanira bedzi kukwirira kunzvimbo dzebato ravo panzvimbo pokuvaka mativi makuru.

Apo maruwa anokweverwa kuva anodzorwa neDemocratic kana kuti Republican, chimiro chinosunda chevezvematongerwe enyika chinochinja nenzira inoshamisa. Panzvimbo pokutsvaka nzvimbo dzakabatana uye kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira, vaiti vemitemo vanobva kumaruwa akakotsekana vanganzwa dzvinyiriro yokubvisa nzvimbo huru kuti vadzivise denho huru muboka ravo. Ikoku kune simba rinoparira kudzongonyedza nokusashanda zvakanaka izvo vaAmerica vazhinji vanowana zvichikangaidza pamusoro pezvamatongerwe enyika azvino uno.

Kushaikwa kwesarudzo dzavose dzamakwikwi kunorevawo kuti vavhoti vazhinji vanonzwa kuti kutora rutivi kwavo hakuna basa. Apo muuyo unofanotaurwa pachine nguva mberi, muvhoti anogona kutambura, zvikurukuru pakati pavavhoti vane mwero avo vangatora rutivi nenzira ine mwero asi vanorangarira kuti vvuori vavo havasati vachizoita musiano. Ikoku kunoparira tenderera kwokuzvidzorera vamene uko kubuda kwakaderera mumaruwa kwakakotsekana kunowedzera udzori hwakaderera.

Kuwana Nokuyera Majeri

Kuongorora Kunoratidza Mitemo Nezvaiitika

Maturusi aya anobatsira kuziva kana mepu dzeruwa dzashandiswa kuti dzibatsire vanhu, kunyange kana dzisiri pachena kuti dzatanga kuongorora mamiriro enzvimbo dzacho.

Mukaha wekubudirira imwero wakapfava unotevedzerwa unogona kuratidza tapuro dzekudzosa. Kutanhama kunopambadza vhoti dzebato rimwe nerimwe: chitsama chamavhoti chinokandirwa mumaruwa anorasikirwa (mabhomba nemhaka yokuparadza) uye vhoti dzakanyanyisa dzinoiswa mukuhwina maruwa (mabhora akafanirwa nokurongedzwa). Musiyano muidzi vhoti dzinopambadzwa unokamurwa nevhoti yose yakaitwa, uye peshi inovapo inova mukahasha.

Mukaha wokubudirira unopa nhamba imwe inogona kuratidzira kana mumwe munhu akabetserwa nenzira yakarongwa kupfurikidza nokuisa mipimo. Mukaha mukuru wokubudirira unokarakadza kuti mumwe munhu ari kupambadza zvikuru mavhoti kupfuura mumwe, uyo uri chiratidzo chokuva anodzorwa. Zvisinei, matare ave achizengurira kugamuchira giramu ipi neipi semuedzo wakakwana wokusashandisa kuvhota.

Musiyano mukuru pakati poruzha nezvinobudisa nhau haungabviri kumuka netsaona, uye naizvozvo ungava unoratidzira musiyano wevavhoti. Kuedza kweshoko neredimendi kunonzvera kana vhoti yeavhareji yakasiana zvikuru negoverano yevhoti yezvinobudisa nhau, uko kunogona kuzivisa kurongedzwa kwakarongwa kana kuti kutsemuka kwavavhoti.

Dzimwe nzvero dzenhamba dzinobatanidza mienzaniso miviri yetust neMiedzo yeMonte Carlo. Muhurumende yakavhengana, mukupesana, boka ranyajambwa zvikurukuru rine kuwina kwakasimba (mumaruwa avo akarongedzwa) uye boka rinomhanya zvikurusa rine kuhwina kuduku asi kusina ngozi. Kunzvera kunogona kunzvera mitoo iyi yakasiana yemiuyo, uye kunogona kunzvera bviro yokuti mutoo wakadaro ungava wakavapo netsaona. Kana muuyo waisabvira kuva wakaitika netsaona bedzi, uko kungaratidzira kuti mugariro wacho wakatambura gerryder.

Kuongorora Zvinooneka uye Maruwa

Nepo kunzverwa kwenhamba kuchigovera kunzverwa kukuru, pane dzimwe nguva kuoneka kuziso renyama. Maruwa akaumbwa nenzira yakakomba ayo nyoka munzanga, kubatanidza nharaunda dziri kure nemikoto mitete, kana kuti kuchetura kwakati kungaratidza zviratidzo zvokushandisa. Zvisinei, chimiro choga hachisi chiratidzo chakavimbika nguva dzose, sezvinogona kuita dzimwe nguva maruwa anotarisa nenzira yechienzi.

Mimwe yemienzaniso inoorora zvikurusa yokugadzira maruwa akabudisa maruwa ane mazita okudetemba asingakanganwiki akavakirwa pazvimiro zvawo. Iyoyi inobatanidza "Goofy Kicking Donald Duck" yoruwa neOhio "Lake Erie Monsster" sezvinooneka maruwa akaziviswa kuti chimwe chinhu kunze kwemiganhu yomusikirwo kana kuti mativi enzvimbo zvakasunda muitiro wokugadzira mapu.

Zvisinei, vagadziri vemamepu vakadzidza kuti zvimiro zvechienzi zviri pachena zvinokwezva ngwariro nedenho dzemitemo, naizvozvo zvino kazhinji kazhinji vanogadzira maruwa anoratidzika kuva akanaka zvikuru apo anenge achiri kusvika nharidzano dzimwe chetedzo dzokuvhota nokungwarira. Ikoku kunoita kuti kunzvera kwemaziso kuve kusingavimbiki zvikuru kupfuura zvakwakanga kwamboitika, kuchiwedzera ukoshi hwemitoo yenhamba yokuwana nayo kubatwa zvisina kufanira.

Mhinduro Nekuchinja Zvinhu

Mabasa Okuzvimirira Okuderedza

Imwe nzira inovimbisa zvikurusa yokurwisa nayo kubvisa jajimaningi iri kubvisa muitiro wokuwedzera mumaoko avaiti vemitemo vanovhozhokera ndokuuisa kuvamiriri vazvimiriri vazvimiriri. Gerrymannder akashandiswa kuva akatanhamara mune zvamatongerwe enyika zveCanada, asi haasati achiri akatanhamara, pashure pokunge makambani anopa miganhu anosarudzwa atangwa mumaruwa ose. Chinoitika cheCanada chinoratidzira kuti vamiriri vanozvimirira vanogona kuderedza nenzira inobudirira kudzorwa kwemiganhu yoruwa.

Nyika dzakawanda dzeUnited States dzakatanga zvirongwa zvokudhirowa mepu dzeruwa.Masangano aya anowanzobatanidza nhengo dzemativi makuru ose, pamwe chete nenhengo dzakazvimirira, uye anoshandisa mitemo yakagadzirirwa kusimudzira kusaruramisira uye kudzivisa kudzvinyirirwa. Mamwe mabasa anopa rumbidzo kudare, nepo mamwe ane chiremera chakazara chokushandisa mepu dzokupedzisira.

Kushanda kwemibato yokuisa miganhu inotsamira zvikuru paruvako rwayo nemirau. Zvamazvirokwazvo basa rakazvimirira rine mipimo yakajeka nokuda kwokuoneka kwakaenzana uye zvinodikanwa zvinokombamira kubudisa mepu dzakadzikama zvikuru kupfuura zvirongwa zvinodzorwa navakagadzwa vezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti izvo zvisina mipimo yakajeka. Hurumende dzinorangarira kuisa mipimo yakavakirwa pamitemo yesangano dzinofanira kufunda mienzaniso inobudirira uye kubatanidza miitiro yakanakisisa kuti iomere kubudirira.

Gadziriro Dzebumbiro reMitemo reHurumende

Sezvo Dare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa rakatonga kuti matare ehurumende haagoni kutaura kutaura kutaura kwokusarura, bumbiro remitemo nematare ehurumende zvazova nzira huru yapamutemo nokuda kwemepu dzinodenha. Dzimwe nyika dzine gadziriro dzebumbiro remitemo dzinorambidza zvakajeka kurambidza kana kuti kugadza mipimo yokururamisira matare ehurumende anogona kuita.

Dare guru rehurumende munyika dzinoverengeka rakaputsa mepu sekuputswa kwegadziriro dzebumbiro remitemo rehurumende dzinovimbisa kusarudza kwakasununguka uye kwakarurama. Idzi denho dzapamutemo dzehurumende dzazova dzinokosha zvikuru munzvimbo yapashure peRucho, sezvo dzinomirira imwe yenzvero shomanene dzedare dzakasara pakuvhota kwakakomba.

Vagari munyika pasina gadziriro dzakasimba dzinorwisana nedzokudzora vanogona kushanda kugadziridza mabumbiro avo emitemo kupfurikidza nokutanga kuvhota kana kuti chiito chomutemo. Nyika dzinoverengeka dzakabudirira kupfuudza miganhu yebumbiro remitemo inogadza miganhu yakazvimirira kana kuti kuita mipimo inomanikidzirwa nokuda kwokuva noruwa runoruramisira kupfurikidza nenhimbe dzokutanga dzavagari vemo.

Kusvika Kwemitemo Nenhamba

Vamwe vachinji vakakarakadza kushandisa maalgoritimetimeti kuti vanyore miganhu yoruwa nenzira dzinoderedza rusaruro. Center for Range Voting yakakarakadza nzira yokukweva nayo maruwa kupfurikidza nearurimi rwakapfava. Ratimende inoshandisa bedzi chimiro chehurumende, nhamba N yeruwa yaida, uye kuparadzirwa kwechiverengero chavagari vemo semigove. Ratimende (yakapfaviswa zviri nyore) ndeiyi: Kuvamba negiramu remuganhu wenyika.

Kusvika kwemitemo kune betsero yokuva anojeka uye anonyorwazve. Munhu upi noupi anogona kusimbisa kuti maaruglamu akashandiswa zvakarurama, uye miuyo mimwe cheteyo ichabudisa nguva dzose zvisakiso zvimwe chetezvo. Ikoku kunobvisa bviro yokushandisa kwakavanzika uye kunogona kuwedzera chivimbo chavanhu munhevedzano yemepu dzoruwa.

Zvisinei, kusvika kwakarongwa bedzi kune ganhurirowo. Sezvo kupindira kwomunhu kuchingobvumirwa, nhau dzinodzosera mirangariro yokurongedza nokutsemuka dzingangoitika, kusvikira kutambanuko duku. Mukuwedzera, maarufabheti angasaparira rangarira dzinokosha dzakafanana nokuchengeta nzanga dzefariro pamwe chete kana kuti kuwirirana nezvinodikanwa zveVoting Rights Act nokuda kwokumirira vashoma.

Nzira dzinovimbisa zvikurusa dzingabatanidza mitoo yealgorithism nokutarisira kwomunhu, kushandisa makombiyuta kugadzira mepu dzakawanda dzinokwanisa kuita zvinhu zvinokosha zvakarurama, ipapo dzichiva namasangano anozvimirira anosarudza pakati pezvisarudzo izvozvo zvakavakirwa parangariro dzakawedzerwa dzakadai sokuchengetedzwa kwenzanga uye kumimiririrwa neshomanene.

Kuona Zviri Nani uye Kubatanidzwa Kwavose

Pasinei zvapo nokuti ndiani anodhirowa mepu dzoruwa, kujeka mumuitiro wokuita kuti puroteni kunokosha mukudzivisa nokuziva jajingi. Apo kurongedza kunoitika seri kwamasuo akavharwa pasina kuiswa mashoko kana kuti utariri hushoma, mikana yokuwanza yokushandisa. Miitiro inobvumira tsinhiro dzavose, inogovera kusvika kumashoko uye zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira mapu, uye inoda tsananguro dzakajeka nokuda kwezvisarudzo zvoruwa inogona kubetsera kusimbisa kururama.

Ruzivo rwazvino uno runoita kuti zvibvire kuti vagari vemo vatore rutivi zvakananga zvikuru mukuyera. Maturusi apakombiyuta anobvumira munhu upi noupi kunyora mepu dzavo amene dzoruwa ndokuona kuti kuronga kwakasiana kungatapura sei miuyo inosarudzwa. Uku kuiswa kwegadziriro yemipu kungagona kubetsera vanhu pamusoro pokuchinja mativi ndokugovera dzimwe mepu dzinodhonzwa navatengi vemitemo.

Kunzwa kwavose nenhambo dzetsinhiro zvinopa vagari vemo banza rokuziva zvinetso nemepu dzinokarakadzwa, zvakadai senzanga dzakakamurwa kana kuti maruwa anoratidzika kuva anokweverwa nokuda kwebetsero yavarwi. Apo zviremera zvinoyera zvinodikanwa kupindura tsinhiro dzavo dzavose ndokururamisa zvisarudzo zvavo, kunoparira kuzvidavirira uko kunogona kuodza mwoyo zvimiro zvinonyengera zvikurusa zvegerrymaning.

Mitemo Yakabatana

Nepo matare ehurumende akarega kudzora mapurisa, Congress inochengeta chiremera chebumbiro remitemo chokudzora kusarudza.Mutevedzeri wemitemo wenyika yose ungagona kutanga mipimo yorudzi nokuda kwokubatanidza kwesangano, inoda kuti nyika dzishandise masangano anozvimirira, kana kuti kuita mimwe miitiro kudzivisa kudzorwa kwemiganhu yoruwa yedare.

Zvikarakadzo zvakasiana------phara zvokuchinja kwehurumende zvakatangwa muCongress, kunyange zvazvo pasina zvikarakadzo zvakaiswa mumutemo. izvi zvinowanzobatanidza zvinodikanwa nokuda kwemibatanidzwa yokuzvimirira, mipimo nokuda kwekuyera, uye gadziriro dzokuoneka. Denho ndeyokuvaka tsigiro yakakwana yezvamatongerwe enyika nokuda kwechinjo idzo boka ripi neripi ringadzora Congress kuti ribetserwe nokushandisa gerrymaning.

Mutemo weFederal unotarisana nemhinganidzo dzose dziri mbiri dzezvamatongerwe enyika. Nhengo dzeCongrès idzo dzakabetserwa nokuchinja zvinhu zvingava zvinotyisidzira zvigaro zvavo. Pamutezo wemitemo, mibvunzo iripo pamusoro peurefu hwechiremera cheHurumende chokudzora kugadziriswa kwemitemo, mukupesana nebvumirano yedare reRedigion. Pasinei zvapo neidzi denho, mutemo wehurumende unoramba uri nzira inobvira yokutaura nayo negerrymannder pachikero chenyika yose.

Izvo Vagari Vako Vanogona Kuita

Ramba Uchiziva uye Uchitsigirana

Nhano yokutanga mukurwisa kugadziridza inzwisiso yokuti inoshanda sei nokuziva apo inoitwa. Vagari vanofanira kuzvidzidzisa vamene pamusoro pomuitiro wokuyera mumugariro wavo, kubatanidza uyo anonyora mepu, mipimo yaanofanira kutevera, uye apo kuyerazve kunotevera kuchaitika. Kunzwisisa nguva kunokosha, sezvo kuyera kunoitika kamwe chete makore gumi ari ose pashure pokuverengwa, kugadzira mafafitera matete emukana wekuvandudza.

Ngwarira mepu dzoruwa dzinokarakadzwa ndokunzvera kana dzichiratidzika kuva dzinokweverwa zvakanaka kana kuti dzinoshandiswa nokuda kwebetsero yavarwi. Tsvaka zviratidzo zvokutsemuka nokurongedza, zvakadai senzanga dzakakamuraniswa pakati penzvimbo dzakawanda kana kuti maruwa ayo anobatanidza nzvimbo dzinoparadzana pasina batano ine mufungo. Kunzvera kwemifungo netsinhiro dzounyanzvi zvinogona kubetsera kuziva gerrymander iyo isiri pachena mukunzvera kwemaziso bedzi.

Tevera nhau dzinochinja nezvinoitika mumugariro wako norudzi. Masangano akafanana ne Brennan Center yeRuramisiro uye Common Cendrong[ anogovera zviwiso nenjo pamusoro penhau dzinochinja. Kunzwisisa mashoko akapoteredza kunobetsera vagari vemo kuziva mitoo uye kutsigira nenzira inobudirira zvikuru nokuda kwokuvandudza.

Gamuchira Muitiro Wokugadziridza

Kupinda muiyi mepu uye kupa chipupuriro pamusoro pokuti maruwa anokarakadzwa angatapura sei nzanga yako kunogona kupesvedzera mepu dzokupedzisira. Kunyange kana tsinhiro dzako dzoga dzikasachinja muuyo, dzvinyiriro yavose yavose inogona kuita musiyano.

Dzidza tsinhiro dzakanyorwa kana usingagoni kupinda mumhedziso. Zviremera zvizhinji zvezvikamu zvakanyorwa zvinogamuchira chipupuriro uye zvinodikanirwa kurangarira mubatanidzwa wavose. Iva akananga pamusoro pezvinetso zvaunoona nemepu dzinokarakadzwa, zvakadai senzanga dzakakamurwa kana kuti maruwa idzo dzakaratidzika kuva dzinokweverwa betsero dzechitsaru panzvimbo pokubatira nharidzano dzapamutemo dzokuwedzera.

Dzimwe nyika dzinobvumira vanhu kuti vaendese mepu dzavo dzavanoda kuti dzione kana vakashandisa kombiyuta kugadzira dzimwe mepu dzinogona kuratidza kuti pane zvimwe zvadzinogona kuita uye kumanikidza vagadziri vemamepu kuti varuramisire zvavanenge vasarudza. Kunyange kana mepu dzinodhonzerwa nevagari vemo dzisati dzagamuchirwa, dzinogona kushanda sezviratidzo zvokuongorora zvikarakadzo zvehurumende.

Tsigira Kuchinja Zvinhu

Batanidza kana kuti tsigiro masangano anoshanda kurwisa jarimaningi ndokusimudzira kugadziridza kusingasaruri. Mapoka aya anopinda mumhiko dzokudenha mepu dzakaiswa, kutsigira mutemo wokuchinja, kudzidzisa vanhu pamusoro pokuchinja, uye kukurudzira vagari vemo kutora rutivi mumuitiro wokuwedzera. Matezo ako, mipiro, kana kuti nguva yokuzvipira zvinogona kubetsera idzi nhamburiko kubudirira.

Tsigirai zvirongwa zvokuvhota uye mutemo wokutanga zvirongwa zvokuzvimirira zvokuzvimirira kana kuti kugadzira mipimo inomanikidzirwa nokuda kwokuronga zvakanaka. Munyika dzine gadziriro dzokutanga dzevagari vemo, vatsigiri vokuvandudza vanogona kukunda masangano emitemo asingadzorwi kupfurikidza nokutora zvikarakadzo zvakananga kuvavhoti. iyi nhimbe dzinoda vazvipiri kuunganidza siginicha, kudzidzisa vavhoti, uye kuvhota.

Onana navaiti vemitemo vehurumende ndokuvaita kuti vakuzive kuti unotsigira chinjo yokuchinja. Nepo vaiti vemitemo vanobetserwa nokuchinja gadziriro yacho vangava vanozengurira kuchinja, dzvinyiriro yavose inogona kuita musiano, zvikurukuru apo vatsigiri vanojekesa kuti kugadziridza kwakanaka inhau yokutanga ichapesvedzera vhoti dzavo.

Ronga Zvinosarudzwa Zvose

Imwe yevavariro dzokukudziridza kushayisa simba vavhoti kupfurikidza nokuvaita kuti vanzwe mavhoti avo asina basa. Mhinduro yakanakisisa ndeyokuvhota, musarudzo iri yose. Nepo kuraira kuchigona kuita kuti zvive zvakaoma zvikuru nokuda kwavadikani vako kukunda, hakukuiti kuti kuve kusingabviri. Kukwira kunogona kukurira kunyange zvisakiso zvikuru zvezvivako.

Cherekedza ngwariro chaiyo kusarudzo dzehurumende dzemitemo, sezvo vaiti vemitemo vehurumende vanodzora chaizvoizvo muitiro wokuwedzera. Vanodzora chibvumirano chehurumende mukati megore rinomutsidzira kazhinji kazhinji vachadzora muitiro wokuita mamepu, vachiita kuti izvi sarudzo dzive dzinokosha nokuda kwokusarudza kana mubatanidzwa unotevera wokuchinja matendero uchava wakanaka kana kuti kudzokororwa kuchava kwakarurama.

Usarega mumaruwa anoratidzika kuva anodzorwa zvakakotsekana nokuda kwerimwe divi. Mamiriro enyika anogona kuchinja, uye maruwa anokweverwa kuva akakotsekana anogona kuva makwikwi kana pane chinjo huru mumurangariro womuvhoti kana kuti kuvhota. Vhoti yako inobetsera kuvaka simba rechinjo, kunyange kana isingapunzi ruwa nokukurumidza.

Nguva Yemberi Yokuderedza Kukura

Kurwisana nokuchinja kwemiitiro kunopfuurira kushanduka sezvo kufambira mberi kworuzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, kuchinja kwemitemo, uye kuziva nzanga kunowedzera. Kutenderera kwokuyera kwe 2030 kuchakosha, sezvo kuchava kutenderera kwechipiri chibviro chechisarudzo cheDare Gurukota reDare gurusa chakabvisa matare ehurumende pakutarisira kwevamiriri vehurumende. Mepu dzakatorwa pashure pokuverengwa kwavanhu 2030 dzichaumba matongerwe enyika eAmerica kwemakore gumi anotevera.

Nhamburiko dzechinjo dziri kuwedzera munyika dzakawanda, vagari vemo vachiwedzera kuziva tyisidziro kuhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu inopfuura zvamatongerwe enyika. Nepo mumwe munhu angabetserwa nokushandisa nhevedzano yehurumende yakati kana kuti dare rokusarudza, muitiro wacho pakupedzisira unosekesa kuva pamutemo kwehurumende yehurumende uye chivimbo chavose pasinei zvapo nokuti iboka ripi rinoshandisa kunyora mepu.

Kufambira mberi kweruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu kwakaderedza nzira dzose dziri mbiri mukurukurirano. Nepo purogiramu yemapu yemapu yakaoma ichiita kuti zvive nyore zvikuru kugona kunyora nokururama, ruzivo rumwe cheterwo runoita kuti zvive nyore kuziva nokugadzira dzimwe mepu dzinoratidza zvisarudzo zvakanaka. Kuwedzera kwokujeka uye kuwanika kwemashoko kunowedzera kusimba kwevagari vemo uye mapoka ezvikwata zvemapurai evhu kuongorora kugadziridza nzira dzanga dzisingabviri munguva dzapakuvamba.

Kuwedzera kwenzvero patapuro dzegerrymanning kunopa pfuti kuvatsigiri vokuvandudza. Nzvero dzinonyora kuti gerrymander inobetsera sei kuparadzanisa, ideredza makwikwi okusarudza, uye inoshatisa kumirira kunobetsera kuvaka nhau yacho nokuda kwokuchinja. Sezvo vaAmerica vazhinji vanonzwisisa njodzi, dzvinyiriro yokuchinja ingawedzera.

Pakupedzisira, nguva yemberi yokuzvigadzirisa ichasarudzwa nevagari vemo vanoda mapu akanaka uye vanozvidavirira kuvakuru vakuru vavo vakasarudzwa. Gerrymanider inopfuurira nemhaka yokuti inobetsera avo vari musimba, asi inogona kukurirwa apo vanhu vakakwana vanoiziva sechinetso ndokushandira pamwe chete nokuda kwezvigadzikiso. Zvishandiso nezivo zvokurwisa mauto zviripo; chinodikanwa ndicho chido chezvamatongerwe enyika chokushandisa.

mhedziso

Gerrymander inomirira chimwe chedenho hurusa kuAmerica inodzorwa nehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu muzana ramakore rechi 21. Kubva pamavambo ayo muna 1812 Massachusetts kusvikira kumiitiro yanhasi yazvino uno yemakombiyuta, muitiro wokunyora miganhu yeruwa nokuda kwebetsero dzevoruzhinji wavamba ndokuwedzera. Kunzwisisa kuti kuronga kunoshanda sei kupfurikidza nounyanzvi hwakafanana neracrack, kurongedza, nokuba, uye kuvhozhokera.

Migumisiro yokuvhota inotambanukira kure kupfuura migumisiro yesarudzo. Kunoderedza makwikwi okuvhota, kunowedzera kuderera kwehurumende inomiririra, uye kunogona kuderedza simba rokuvhota renzanga shoma. Apo vezvamatongerwe enyika vanosarudza vavhoti vavo panzvimbo pokuvhota vanosarudza vezvematongerwe enyika vavo, chipikirwa chikuru chehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu chinoputswa.

Zvigadzikiso zviripo, kubva kumasangano anozvimirira kusvikira kuutanhiko hwemitemo hwakasimba zvikuru hwehurumende. Denho iri kuvaka chido chezvamatongerwe enyika chokushandisa ichi chinjo mukutarisana nokudzivisa kwaavo vanobetserwa negadziriro yazvino. Vagari vane basa rinokosha rokutamba nokugara vaziviswa, kutora rutivi mumiitiro yokuchinja, uye kuvhota muchisarudzo chiri chose.

Kurwisana nokurwisa kurwisana pakupedzisira irwisano yenheyo yokuti hurumende inofanira kuva, inoda, uye nokuda kwavanhu. Mugari ari wose anoitira hanya kumimiririrwa kworusarudzo nokuzvidavirira kwedemokrasi ane danda mukuvimbisa kuti mepu dzoruwa dzinokweviwa zvakanaka panzvimbo pokushandiswa nokuda kwebetsero dzinodzorwa. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa kurwisa nokushandira pamwe chete kuirwisa, vaAmerica vanogona kubetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti vhoti dzavo dzine basa rechokwadi uye kuti vakuru vakuru vavo vakasarudzwa vanomirira zvapachokwadi fariro dzavo nezvinokosha.

Sezvatinoswedera pedyo nezvikamu zvenguva yemberi zvinochinja, zvidzidzo zvenhau nematurusi enzvero yazvino uno zvinogovera zvose zviri zviviri nyevero netariro. Gerrymanderting haisati iri isingadzivisiki, uye inogona kukurirwa nokuvimbisana kwavagari vemo vakaziva, kuchinja kwegadziriro, uye kuzvipira kunheyo dzehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Ruwa rwamagarander rwakava nechimiro charwo rungapfuura mazana maviri amakore, asi kurwira kuratidzwa zvakanaka kunoramba kuri madikanwa uye kuri kwokukurumidzira.